JP2011518268A - Flood, coastal or puddle protection device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a flood protection, revetment or scour protection device (1) and method. For cheap, long-lasting and effective protection, the device (1) has one or more elastic plates (2,75) and attachment means (3) for fixing the plates to the points to be protected (12) ing. Similarly disclosed is a method for securing one or more elastic plates (2, 75) to a point (12) to be protected by means of attachment means (3).
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

    The present invention relates to a flood protection, revetment or scour protection device and method. Such devices and methods are used, for example, in the sea, waterways, harbors and marine underground for the protection of coasts, islands, buildings. Its important purpose is to ensure permanent protection against sea level conditions, storm surges, waves, currents and tidal tidal effects. Devices known from the prior art are sand dunes, dikes, covering mechanisms, breakwaters, breakwaters, shore dikes, blocking mechanisms and guide mechanisms. The disadvantage of these devices is that they are subject to constant destruction by the flow and force they act on and require expensive repair work.

  Another disadvantage is that while known protection measures are expensive, they are often insufficient in terms of their protective action. For example, sand barriers cannot prevent land loss and adversely affect the ecosystem through their effects on flow. So-called tetrapots and heavy concrete members that serve as breakwaters also have significant drawbacks. These buildings produce harmful streams that prevent sand accumulation and accelerate the disappearance of land. In the offshore area, for example, a single pile of wind power facilities, it is a known technique to stack stones of about 500 to 1000 t as scour protection equipment. After rebuilding the equipment in about 20 years, this stone deposit becomes a dangerous obstacle for the fishery.

  In the field of coastal protection, sand alluvial methods are used in order to ensure that the waves climb onto the land surface with as flat a corner as possible. However, this method is expensive. Because the sand is always carried away by the waves again, so it must always be re-loading.

  It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a flood protection, revetment or scour protection device and method that provides long lasting, inexpensive and effective protection.

Means to solve the section

  This problem is solved by the fact that the flood protection, revetment or scour protection device has one or more elastic plates and attachment means for securing the plates to the place to be protected. The back or bottom side of the board is used as a ground or foundation mounting surface, the top side or top side serves as a water or wave landing surface, and serves as a protective device against sand and water vortices carried offshore. . The flexibility of the plate has several advantages. On the one hand, the plate is adapted to coastal transitions or ground irregularities, on the other hand, the plate can absorb the energy of waves and vortices due to its flexibility or elasticity, thereby being more resistant than known rigid devices, And long-lasting. The device can be further passed by humans and the vehicle can travel. Another advantage is that the device is not dangerous to a swimmer or in danger of collision with a ship. The elastic plate may be a single layer or a plurality of layers. The elastic plate can be laid directly on the ground surface, for example in a coastal area at risk of flooding. The plate is positioned so that it cannot be seen below the surface of the sand or ground because it can be positioned below the surface by first laying and then sand alluvial. In that case, it may be on the surface of sand, land or under water. The device can also be used to protect buildings near shores or rivers, or as scour protection devices for offshore buildings. Scouring means the erosion phenomenon caused by the flow of the earth covered with water. In the offshore area, the proposed scour protection device is that it can be easily reconstructed and left on an unobstructed seabed.

In a preferred embodiment, the elastic plate is made of rubber. Rubber is a particularly light, resistant, long lasting and reusable material. A significant advantage of the comb is its stability against salt water, ie no corrosion occurs. Due to the long stability and resistance of the material, the protective device needs virtually no maintenance. Rubber is also made environmentally friendly from natural rubber. It has been found that particularly good protection is provided when the plate has a thickness of about 2 cm. Suitable elastic plates have an area of approximately 1 m ² or are available as rolls having a width of 2-3 m and a length of up to several hundred m. These can be transported as a roll to the place to be protected in one way, where they can be unrolled and mounted.

  The elastic plates can be joined to each other in a watertight manner by vulcanization or mechanically by means of joining means. This can protect a larger part of the danger range, ie 2-3 km 2 or more. Optimal watertight bonding of the plates, such as occurs during vulcanization bonding, prevents dampening or erosion in the ground.

  The elastic plate has one or more inserts, especially made of fiber fabrics, or reinforcements made of steel bars, steel wires or meshes, thereby improving the flexibility or rigidity of the plate as needed Is done. The plate can absorb even greater compressive and tensile forces and can walk and run on it.

  In order to avoid excessive deformation of the elastic plate due to the suction force of the flowing water, an additional external reinforcing element is provided for the elastic plate in addition to the insert made of reinforcing fabric or steel. Another possibility is to reinforce the elastic plate with concrete beams. In this case, the plate can be reinforced by an internal steel reinforcement in one direction and by a concrete beam provided on the surface in the other direction. Concrete beams also serve as attachment means due to their weight.

  The elastic plate is fixed to a place to be protected by the attaching means. This may be a dike, a dune water-facing side or a coastal erosion edge. Earth screws, earthwork or cement injection anchors are suitable as attachment means, thereby ensuring that the plate is anchored in the ground. For this reason, the elastic plate has an opening through which the attaching means is passed. The opening is then covered by the head of the earth screw, the earthwork or the cement injection anchor. However, the attachment means can also rest on the elastic plate, for example concrete beams or alluvial sand.

  A particularly stable mooring is possible with a cement injection anchor. The anchor includes a tube having a tube plate provided at the upper end and having a hole for opening a tube, and an upper female screw for a closing screw having a top plate. There is a drill bit at the lower end of the tube. A liquid cement suspension or other binder is forced through the tube and the cement injection anchor is moved into the ground. Cement flowing out of the lower pipe opening surrounds the pipe and, after hardening, anchors the pipe together to the ground. An elastic plate with a hole is then placed on the tube plate of the cement injection anchor and a closing screw is screwed through the hole and into the female screw of the tube. The elastic plates or the elastic plates connected to each other are thus tightly clamped between the tube plate and the top plate in a watertight manner and securely anchored to the ground.

  In order to prevent the back of the device from being washed away, sheet pile walls bent with respect to the plate are provided at both lateral ends of the device. The sheet pile wall may be a separate part added to the plate. The sheet pile wall can be configured as an end portion of the elastic plate itself having a curved portion at the starting end and extending toward the land side so as to be separated from the water.

  As an alternative attachment means, one or more bottom plates are provided which are provided horizontally and are coupled to the apparatus. The bottom plate is used as a large area support for the device, thus preventing sinking into the ground. The bottom plate can be placed directly on the ground surface or provided in the ground. The elastic plate is coupled to the bottom plate by a support member that extends horizontally or obliquely. The support member fixes the elastic plate at a position perpendicular or inclined with respect to the bottom plate by forming a self-supporting frame. Therefore, in this embodiment, the back side of the board does not have to be placed on the ground when mounting. The support member is prepared for sand alluvial equipment and has the purpose of avoiding additional double work. Another advantage is that the bottom plate and the support member absorb the pressing force and suction force acting on the elastic plate. The support member extending in the longitudinal direction also absorbs the force acting in this direction. The device as a whole is stabilized by a bottom plate and a support member.

  By having an anchor element for the bottom plate to be attached to the ground, further fixing and stabilization of the device is performed.

  The elastic plate has a mounting element extending along its lower edge, and this mounting element is formed as a substantially T-shaped profile in the vertical cross section. The mounting element helps to fix and stabilize the device.

  In order to keep the sand or other earth material tight, the elastic plate has a recess and / or a ridge above it. This prevents or reduces sand removal due to wind transport. The recess or ridge can be formed by an additional layer provided by adhesion or vulcanization. Alternatively, the elastic plate may be a single piece, with the recesses and ridges being cut from the material of the elastic plate.

  The elastic plate can have water outlet openings that are interconnected. As a result, water does not collect on the elastic board in the event of a flood, but flows out to the ground through the board. Thereby, it can be avoided that water forms a suspension together with the sand and the suspension is easily washed away. The sand thereby stays on the elastic plate and serves for additional protection. Further, a filtration layer, particularly a non-woven fabric layer, which allows water to pass therethrough and does not allow sand to pass therethrough is provided on the lower side of the elastic plate as much as possible. This avoids sand being washed away as water passes through the water outlet opening. For example, polyester such as PET or PTFE is a problem.

  In another advantageous embodiment, the device has a weight element, preferably made of concrete, in the end region of the elastic plates that are joined together, in order to pull or push the elastic plate downwards in the end region. The weight element can be attached to the end range closer to the water side or to the side end range. Thereby the surface formed by the plates to be joined is curved and a particularly advantageous hydrodynamic shape is formed which serves as a wave raising surface. In this way, the wave force is absorbed and guided upward. When the ground under the weight element sinks or is swept down, the weight element moves downward with the plate, so that the protective action is performed again.

  In another embodiment, the plates that are joined together are formed as at least one bowl-shaped recess that opens upward to fill sand and / or other materials. Sand is introduced into the bowl-like recess as in the alluvial sand, where the sand surface is above the normal water surface. This produces a flat horizontal surface, so that during high waves or floods, the water has no point of action for carrying sand away. The wall of the bowl-shaped recess is formed as a wrinkle of an elastic plate, resulting in an inexpensive structure.

  A bowl-shaped recess has a ridge at the bottom that extends from the water-facing wall toward the land. As a result, the effect obtained by the sand bank, that is, the effect of preventing the sand from being carried out by the lateral flow is produced. However, the bumps according to the invention are more effective. This is because it is completely in the cage and in the sand and is therefore not washed away directly by water. The bumps are also formed at low cost as wrinkles of the elastic plate. In order to pass water but not sand, the elastic plate forming the bowl-shaped recess has a water outflow opening and a filtration layer, particularly a nonwoven fabric layer. Thus, the water that accumulates in the bowl-shaped recess flows out through the water outflow opening, but the sand is not washed away together. This is because the sand is retained by the nonwoven fabric layer acting as a filter.

  In another preferred embodiment, a filter layer, in particular a non-woven fabric, is provided in the end region of the elastic plates that are joined to each other and impervious to water and impervious to sand, on which a reinforcing body is provided. Thereby, it is possible to solidify and protect the ground without interrupting the water permeation line in the range of the filtration layer. The reinforcement helps to stabilize the filtration layer and thereby allows it to pass.

  The invention further includes a method for flood protection, revetment protection or scour protection. In the method, the device according to claim 1 with one or more elastic plates is fixed to the place to be protected by means of attachment. In order to carry out this method, the device can further have the features described in claims 2 to 17, respectively.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, wherein further details can be seen from the drawings. Functionally identical parts are given the same reference numerals.

  1 shows a vertical sectional view of the device 1 with a coastal part 12.   A detailed view of the device of FIG. 1 is shown in vertical section.   A vertical sectional view of the device 1 is shown along with the sand alluvial 19.   A front view of the device 1 is shown.   FIG. 2 shows a vertical sectional view of a second embodiment of the device 1 with a coastal part 12.   Fig. 3 shows a vertical sectional view of a third embodiment of the device 1 for use in land water.   The top view of 4th Example of an apparatus with the sheet pile walls 21 and 23 is shown.   The details of the fifth embodiment of the device 1 with the coil spring 32 are shown in vertical section.   The details of the sixth embodiment of the device 1 with the tension spring 33 are shown in vertical section.   The details of the seventh embodiment of the device 1 with the tube 48 are shown in vertical section.   The whole 8th Example of the apparatus 1 with the nonwoven fabric 63 and the reinforcement body 60 provided on it is shown with a vertical sectional view.   The details of the non-woven fabric with the reinforcement of FIG.   The perspective view of the 3 layer elastic board 75 is shown.   1 shows the whole device 1 with a three-layer elastic plate 75 according to FIG. 1 in a vertical sectional view.   Details of FIG. 13a are shown in vertical section.   The whole of another embodiment of the device 1 with the concrete element 73 is shown in a vertical sectional view.   A schematic overall view of another embodiment of the device 1 with a saddle-shaped hollow body 100 is shown in a vertical sectional view.   A schematic plan view of the bowl-shaped recess 100 is shown.   The outline of the bowl-shaped recess 100 of FIG.   The details of another embodiment of the device 1 with a cement injection anchor 207 are shown in vertical section.   The whole of another embodiment of the device 1 with a coastal barrier 300 is shown in vertical section.   The whole of another Example of the apparatus 1 as a scouring protection apparatus which has the single pile 01 is shown with a vertical sectional view.   The whole of another embodiment of the device 1 without sand coating is shown in vertical section.   The whole of another embodiment of the device 1 with concrete beams is shown in vertical section.

  FIG. 1 shows a vertical sectional view of a flood protection, revetment and scour protection device 1 according to the invention. Furthermore, the transition range between the water and the land of the coastal parts 10, 12, 13 where the device 1 is provided is shown schematically.

  The device 1 has a plurality of elastic plates 2 made of elastic rubber or hard rubber, not shown, which are watertightly coupled to each other. The plate 2 has a thickness of about 2 cm. It is particularly light, resistant, long lasting and reusable. Rubber plates suitable for the device 1 are available on the market as rolls with various thicknesses and with a length of several to several hundred meters integral with the fiber insert.

FIG. 1 shows such a plate 2 in a sectional view. The plate 2 rests on the sand surface at its back side 17 and the front side 16 faces the water. The water surface is indicated by reference numeral 10, and the ground surface made of sand is indicated by 12. The ground surface 12 is partly below the water surface 10 and partly above it. Behind the water, the dune topography is shown, its slope rises steeply and finally reaches the erosion ridge 13. During a flood or storm surge, the water surface 10 may rise. The surface of the rising water surface is indicated by reference numeral 11 and without the protective device 1 represented by a broken line, a storm surge wave always hits the dunes, and in the long run more than that of the ridge 13 Erosion will occur, and the land will eventually disappear. The front side 16 of the plate 2 serves as a water 11 or wave-carrying surface so that the device 1 prevents this disappearance. Thereby, the rubber plate 2 absorbs the energy of the waves 11 due to its elasticity, thus preventing the ground surface 12 behind it from being washed away by water. The plate 2 can resist pressures of 1 t / m ² or more because of its material properties. Furthermore, the plate 2 is significantly longer than known rigid covering mechanisms due to its flexibility and does not require repair. The plate 2 is adapted to the unevenness of the ground surface 12 and the transition of the coastline due to its elasticity.

  The plate 2 is securely anchored to the ground 12 by the earth screw 3. Instead of the earth screw 3, earth, sand anchors or other attachment means can also be used.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the plate 2 forms an inclination angle with respect to the horizontal plane. This forms a ramp 16 that is inclined with respect to the impinging wave, so that the energy of the emerging water is directed upward and reduced. The slope angle can be adjusted to different ground conditions or slope corners. However, if the slope of the sand dune is very small, the three-layer board 75 of FIG. 12 that allows water to pass but not sand is advantageous.

  The plate 2 is placed about 1.50 m into the ground consisting of sand, the other areas are exposed and therefore visible. This state can also be adapted to different ground or coastal conditions. The board as a whole has a height of about 3 to 6 m. The board may be higher and can therefore be adapted to different tidal strokes.

  In order for the device 1 to be aesthetically pleasing to the environment, the front surface of the elastic plate 2 has a coating made of sand. This makes the plate 2 visually inconspicuous and indistinguishable from the dunes. The coating made of sand is, for example, applied with an adhesive to the rubber surface 16 and then sprinkled with sand. Instead of a sand coating, the surface can have a color layer, for example sand, earth or green, depending on the surroundings. The device 1 is likewise covered with infused sand and may therefore be hidden.

  FIG. 1 shows the use of the device 1 in the area of a revetment. It should be emphasized that the present invention is not so limited and has many other uses.

  The device 1 can also be used as a flood protection device for land. Areas at risk of flooding near rivers are generally protected by embankments. But these dikes often cannot withstand long-lasting floods. The reason is that the embankment is completely moistened with water over time and thus loses its stability. By providing the plate 2 on the side of the embankment facing the water, the device 1 prevents the embankment from getting completely wet. Water cannot permeate the device 1. This is because the plates 2 are made of rubber and are joined together in a watertight manner, for example, by vulcanization. The inclination angle of the plate 2 substantially coincides with the inclination of the slope of the bank.

  If natural grass is desired, the plate 2 can be perforated to allow water to pass through. About 5-8 cm of non-rusting net cloth is provided on the board 2 so that it is filled with viscosity and seeded with grass, so that the grass roots grow through the net cloth and the water-permeable board. This layer then forms a tear-resistant embankment surface.

  Another use is to use the apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 to seal the bed of a vessel navigation canal to avoid water loss due to leakage.

  The device 1 can also be used to protect river shore areas. However, due to the restoration of the natural biosphere in the area of the river, river water is made more natural again for reasons of flood protection. In that case the river is no longer straight, but is curved from section to section. In these areas of curvature, there may be a shore underflow, and thus there appears a flow that must be protected by a stone covering mechanism. Dangerous lower areas can be better protected by the present invention. This is because the device 1 can be easily constructed, lasts longer, and is cheaper.

FIG. 2 shows the details of the device 1 of FIG. 1 in a vertical section. The area of the elastic plate 2 made of rubber is shown, with its back side 17 resting on the base and its front side 16 facing the water. In order to improve the stability and flexibility of the plate 2, the plate 2 has a thickness of about 2 cm, for example with a plurality of fiber inserts 14. Thereby, the plate 2 can be exposed to a load of 1 t / m ² or more.

  The plate 2 has an opening 8 in the range shown in FIG. 2, and an earth screw 3 having a thread 15 is passed through the opening 8. The core diameter of the earth screw 3 is about 25 mm. The plate 2 is securely fixed to the base by the earth screw 3. Since the opening 8 in the plate is sealed watertight by the head 9 of the earth screw 3, the base is not moistened. A seat plate 4 is further provided between the head 9 of the earth screw 3 and the front side 16 of the plate 2 and is fixed by the head 9. For example, a reinforcing body made of a woven insert serves to reinforce the plate 2 in the event of a strong suction force by the flowing water. Thereby, the excessive deformation | transformation of the elastic board 2 and the void formation in the back side 17 are avoided.

  FIG. 3 shows a vertical sectional view of the device as in FIG. 1 in the transition range between the water surface 2 and the ground surface 2 of the dune formation. However, another use of the present invention is shown. Unlike FIG. 1, a sand alluvial 19 is performed after the construction of the device 1. Thereby, the water-side ground surface 12 leads to the dunes at a flatter angle. Since device 1 is covered by alluvial sand 19, it is completely underground.

  Thereby, since sand cannot slide down toward the water side, the dune formation part is stabilized. In the event of a flood or storm surge, if the water surface 11 indicated by the broken line rises, a subsequent protective effect is produced. First of all, protection is also provided by the sand 19 that has been deposited all over. If all the water 19 is carried away during the storm surge, the device 1 assumes the complete protection function as shown in FIG. As a result, no land disappears.

  FIG. 4 shows a front view of the device 1. If a long and narrow plate 2 made of rubber is shown and the length or height of the plate 2 attached to the substrate at equal intervals by the earth screws 3 is not sufficient, the plurality of plates 2 are connected to each other at the side or top and bottom sides. (Not shown). In this case, these plates are watertightly connected to each other by vulcanization or mechanical connection means. In this way, coastal sections or levee sections of any length and height can be protected.

  At both outer ends of the device 1, it has a bend and extends away from the water towards the land side. The plate thus forms a sheet pile wall 21 that prevents the apparatus 1 from being swept backward.

  FIG. 5 shows a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the device 1 with a coastal section. In this embodiment, a bottom plate 6 provided further horizontally as an attaching means is provided, and one edge thereof is coupled to the back side of the elastic plate 2. The elastic plate 2 is further coupled to the bottom plate 6 by a support member 5 extending obliquely and horizontally. The support member 5 fixes the elastic plate 2 at a position inclined with respect to the bottom plate 6. Furthermore, another bottom plate 6 is provided vertically. The support member 5 and the bottom plate 6 thus form a stable frame. The device 1 is self-supporting by a frame, that is, when the plate is attached, the back side of the elastic plate 2 may not be placed on the ground surface 12. The horizontal bottom plate 6 has an anchor element 7 that fixes its position to the base.

  The elastic plate 2 has a substantially T-shaped profile 18 extending along its lower edge as a mounting element. The profile 18 ends the plate 2 downward and anchors it in the ground.

  The bottom plate 6 and profile 18 further serve as a large area support for the device 1 to prevent settlement. Another advantage is that the bottom plate 6, the support member 5 and the anchor element 7 absorb the compressive and tensile forces acting on the elastic plate 2 and thus increase the stability of the device 1 as a whole.

  FIG. 5 shows the transition of the ground surface 12 in the sand dune formation part after storm surge. As a result, land is lost and steep erosion ridges 13 are formed. In such a case, the device 1 can be used as a mounting aid for the next alluvial sand. For this reason, the device 1 can be constructed in the area in front of the erosion ridge 13 as shown in FIG. This is possible quickly and inexpensively. This is because all components of the device 1 are finished parts. In this embodiment, the watertight connection of the plates 2 is not by vulcanization but by mechanical connection (not shown).

  Sand alluvial is performed after the construction of the device 1. The transition of the surface after such sand alluvium is indicated by a broken line 20. The device 1 is then completely covered by the sand 19 and can no longer be seen. In that case, the device 1 is useful for mounting and securing the sand alluvial 19. Subsequent sand alluvial 19 does not rebound at all or infrequently, which incurs a small cost.

  The illustrated embodiment of the device 1 allows other uses besides flood protection and revetment. It can be used as a support, for example, to prevent moving dunes.

  FIG. 6 shows a vertical sectional view of a third embodiment of the device 1 which is particularly suitable for use in land water. In this case, the support members 5 extending horizontally, vertically and diagonally form a stable frame, whereby the device 1 is self-supporting. The plate 2 is not inclined and is attached in a vertical arrangement to a frame formed from the support member 5. Furthermore, a fixed foundation 22 made of concrete is provided. A support member 5 is detachably mounted on the foundation 22 with screws 3.

  The components 2, 3 and 5 of the device 1 are constructed as finished parts that can be constructed quickly and disassembled advantageously. In the normal water surface 10 of land water, there is only a foundation that can be put into the ground 12. The natural environment is thereby not adversely affected visually and ecologically by the protective device. If there is a risk of flooding due to rising water levels, the device 1 can be constructed very quickly on the prepared fixed foundation 22 and effectively protected from flooding.

  If there is a risk of flooding and the appropriate foundation 22 is not prepared, the device 1 can be moored to the earth 12 by earth screws or the like as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 7 shows a plan view of a fourth embodiment of the device 1 with two arrow walls 21, 23. On one side of the device 1, a sheet pile wall 21 is formed as an end portion of the elastic plate 2, and this sheet pile wall has a curved portion and extends away from the water 10 toward the land side 12. On the other side, the sheet pile wall is a separate portion 23 that is joined to the plate 2.

  During a flood or storm surge, the water 11 moves towards the land surface 12 protected by the plate 2 of the device 1. The range in which the flood is pushed forward is indicated by broken lines in FIG. In that case, the sheet pile walls 21 and 23 prevent the apparatus 1 from being pushed backward.

  FIG. 8 shows the details of the fifth embodiment of the device in a vertical section. In the detailed view, one portion of the plurality of elastic rubber plates 2 is shown, and the back side 17 is placed on the ground surface 12 extending obliquely. The illustrated rubber plate 2 has an opening 8, and an inner plate 52 formed by cutting out the elastic rubber plate 2 is provided in the opening 8. The inner plate 52 has an opening 58, and the earth 3 used as the attachment means 3 is guided to the ground 37 through the opening 58, and is fixedly moored there. The ground 37 is, for example, a sand bottom or a dune.

  A substrate 40 is provided on the front side 16 of the rubber plate 2 and the inner plate 52, and the diameter thereof is larger than the diameter of the opening 8. As a result, the opening 8 is completely closed by the substrate 40. The substrate 40 and the elastic rubber plate 2 are bonded 38 to each other, and are thus fixedly coupled. Similarly, the substrate 40 has an opening 41 for the earthen 3, and the diameter of the opening 41 is substantially equal to the outer shape of the earthen 3. As a result, the earthwork 3 slides along the opening 41 and seals the opening.

  When constructing the apparatus, the earthwork 3 is first inserted into the substrate opening 41, and then the substrate 40 is placed on the inner plate 52. In that case, it is possible to cancel the misalignment of the center of the earthworks 3. This is because the opening 58 is remarkably larger than the outer shape of the shiji 3. Then, the substrate 40 is bonded to the inner plate 52, and the elastic plate 2 is fixed to the ground 37.

  A protective lid 31 is mounted on the substrate 40 to form a mechanical protection device for the preload element 30 formed as a coil spring. The coil spring 32 is partially in the spring sleeve 39, and the outer surface of the sleeve wall is surrounded by the protective lid 31. On the wall 45 of the spring sleeve 39 there is an annular foundation 46 attached to the lower part, on which the lower end 43 of the coil spring 32 rests. The upper end 44 of the spring rests on the placement surface 34 formed by increasing the wall thickness of the protective lid 31. The coil spring 32 is always compressed by the mounting surface 34 of the protective lid 31 and the surface of the foundation 46 and thus preloaded. When water enters the cavity 47 formed by the protective lid 31, the spring sleeve 39 and the substrate 40, this water can exit through the outflow opening 42.

  Since the protective cover 31 is attached to the earthwork 3 by the closing screw 35, it is placed on the substrate 40. For this purpose, it has a female screw (not shown) into which the closing screw 35 is screwed.

  Now, when the ground 37 condenses under the elastic plate 2, the elastic plate 2 is pushed toward the ground 3 by the action of the pre-loaded coil spring 32, and again along the axis of the earth 3, the ground surface again. Move until 12th. As a result, the rubber plate 2 is securely fixed.

  FIG. 9 shows the details of a sixth embodiment of the device according to the invention in vertical section. In this case, the preload element 30 is formed as a tension spring 33 that receives a preload, and is provided inside the earthwork 3. As a result, the protective lid 31 is flatter and smaller than in the embodiment of FIG. This embodiment is particularly suitable when the ground surface 12 is not inclined and the elastic plate 2 of the device is provided almost horizontally. As a result, the flat and small protective lid 31 is not visually noticeable or obstructed.

  On the front side 16 of the elastic plate 2, a substrate 40 is provided under the protective lid 31, and is connected to the inner plate 52 by an adhesive 38. The inner plate 52 has an opening 58 as a through portion for the intermediate portion of the earthwork 3. The earthen 3 is surrounded by a protective sleeve 36 at the top.

  In this embodiment as well, the elastic plate 2 is pressed toward the ground 37 by the tension spring 33 acting as the preload element 30 and rests on the ground surface 12 along the axis of the earth 3 when the ground 37 is compressed or settled. Is moved to. A safety net (not shown) is provided to hold the protective lid in the event of a breakage of the tension spring 33.

  As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, an inner plate 52 is formed by cutting out from the elastic rubber plate 2, and then bonded 38 to the substrate 40. The opening 41 in the substrate 40 is used to pass the tension spring 33 and the safety net.

  In the case of the horizontal arrangement shown in the figure, for the elastic plate 2, a fiber material made of PTFE that does not allow water to pass instead of rubber or a non-woven fabric 63 having a ground lattice 60 as a reinforcing means can be used (FIGS. 11a and 11b). reference).

  FIG. 10 shows a detailed view of the sixth embodiment of the apparatus. This embodiment is more easily constructed than the embodiment shown in FIGS. An elastic plate 2 having an opening 8 is placed on the ground surface 12. The earthen 3 is passed through the opening 8. The earthwork has a head 9 that covers the opening 8. A hexagonal plate 50 is formed on the upper side of the head 9, and a tube 48 is formed on the lower side thereof, and is tapered downward. Since the diameter of the opening 8 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the tube 48, the opening 8 is sealed by the tube 48, but the tube 48 and the elastic plate 2 can be moved relative to each other.

  The outer surface of the tube 48 forms a sealing guide surface with respect to the elastic plate 2. When the ground 37 is compressed, the elastic plate 2 can move along the tube 48 until the elastic plate 2 rests on the compressed ground surface 12. In that case, the head 9 is rotated by a hexagonal plate 50. By this rotation, the earthwork 3 moves into the ground 37 by its (not shown) screw thread, thus fixing the elastic plate 2. Since the hexagonal plate 50 can be shifted into the head 9, no stumbling ridge occurs.

  FIG. 11 a shows the whole of the eighth embodiment of the flood protection device or revetment device 1 having the nonwoven fabric 63 and the reinforcing body 60 in a vertical sectional view. The device 1 is completely covered by alluvial sand 19. The device has one or more elastic plates 2 made of elastic rubber or hard rubber, these elastic plates 2 being joined together (not shown) and anchored to the ground 37 by earth screws 3. The ground surface 12 is partly below the water surface 10 and partly above it. Behind the water, a dune-shaped formation is shown. Its bank 12 rises steeply and finally reaches the ridge 13. In the event of a flood or storm surge, the water surface 10 may rise and reach the level indicated by reference numeral 11. The elastic plate 2 has a lattice coupling portion 61 on the lower side thereof, and the elastic plate is coupled to the nonwoven fabric 63 and the reinforcing body 60 provided thereon by the lattice coupling portion. Thereby, in the range of the nonwoven fabric 63 and the reinforcing body 60, it is possible to fix and protect the ground 37 without interrupting the water penetration line (not shown). The nonwoven fabric is made of, for example, PET or PTFE that allows water to pass but not sand. The nonwoven fabric 63 has a high load capacity, particularly tensile strength, and can be laid quickly and inexpensively.

  It is also possible to lay a nonwoven fabric having a reinforcing body 60 as a composite plate (not shown).

  FIG. 11 b shows the details of the nonwoven fabric 63 of FIG. 111 and the reinforcing body 60 provided thereon in a vertical sectional view. In the course of a flood or storm surge, the alluvial sand 19 may be carried away by water, so that the nonwoven fabric 63 and the reinforcing body 60 are directly placed on the ground surface 12. In order to avoid running away in such a case, the nonwoven fabric 63 and the reinforcing body 60 have the attachment means 3 and are attached to the ground surface 12 or the ground 37 by this attachment means. As the attachment means 3, the same earth screw or earthenware used also as the attachment means 3 for the elastic plate 2 of the device 1 is provided.

  Another advantage of the non-woven fabric 63 and the ground grid 60 is that a human can walk on these 63 and 60.

  FIG. 12 shows another configuration of the elastic plate 2 described above as a three-layer composite plate used especially for flood protection and revetment. A plurality of such plates 75 joined together at the edges are placed on a sand bed in the coastal area for installation and at risk of flooding and then covered with sand.

  The elastic plate 75 is configured as a composite plate composed of three layers. The uppermost holding layer 70 is made of rubber and colored yellow or sand. Thereby the holding layer is adapted to the environment with regard to color. The plate 75 has a number of small circular recesses 71. These recesses 71 can contain and thus hold sand or other earth material (not shown). This prevents or reduces sand removal due to wind transport. As the intermediate layer 74, an elastic rubber plate into which a steel wire (not shown) is inserted or which has a fabric insert is provided. As a result, the plate 75 can receive a large compressive force or tensile force. The holding layer 70 and the intermediate layer 74 have a water outflow opening 72 therethrough. A nonwoven fabric layer 63 made of polyester is further provided on the lower side 17 of the intermediate layer 74. This nonwoven fabric layer functions as a filter that allows water to pass through. While water can flow unimpeded through the water outlet opening 72, the sand that flows together is retained by the nonwoven layer 63.

  When sand is mixed with a little water, a very sticky and rigid mixture is first formed. As the proportion of water increases, a sudden phase change occurs and a liquid suspension with low viscosity is formed. The suspension is then easily washed away and cannot perform the protective function at the end of the risky shore. By the filter function of the three-layer plate 75, water flows into the ground through the layers 70 and 74 and is separated from the sand. The formation of a low viscosity suspension is thus avoided. This further protects the device 1 by reducing sand removal.

  The elastic plates 75 described above can be coupled to each other as a component of the device 1 by vulcanization, adhesion or a coupling element (not shown). It is also possible to combine the single-layer board 2 with the multi-layer board 75 or to use the board 75 for other protective devices.

  FIG. 13a shows the entire device 1 with a single-layer elastic plate 2 and the three-layer elastic plate 75 according to FIG. 12 in a vertical sectional view. The plates 2 and 75 are water-tightly coupled to each other by a coupling element (not shown). The device 1 is completely covered by alluvial sand 19. The device has one or more plates 2, 75 made of elastic rubber or hard rubber, which are joined together and anchored to the ground 37 by earth screws 3. The ground surface 12 is partly below and partly above the water surface 10. Behind the water, a dune formation is shown, the slope 12 of the bank rising steeply and finally reaching the ridge 13. During a flood or storm surge, the water surface 10 may rise and reach the level indicated by reference numeral 11.

  In the range of the bank, the elastic plate 2 has a large inclination with respect to the horizontal plane. In this range, the elastic plate is formed in one layer, that is, in this range, neither sand nor water can pass. In the range of sand 19 to be loaded. There is a three-layer elastic plate 75. These plates have a slight slope and are arranged almost horizontally in the sand alluvial 19. The plate 75 allows water to pass through the penetrating water outflow opening 72, but the sand is retained by the lower layer made of the nonwoven fabric 63. Therefore, in this range, the device 1 passes water but does not pass sand.

  The nonwoven fabric 63 likewise has a high mechanical load capacity, in particular a tensile strength. Since both other layers 70 and 74 of the elastic plate 75 have a very high mechanical load capacity, they can walk and run on the device 1.

  FIG. 13b shows a detail A of the elastic plate 75 according to FIG. 13a in a vertical section.

  FIG. 14 shows an overall embodiment of the device 1 with a concrete element 73 in a vertical sectional view. The transition of the ground surface 12 and the water surface 10 after a storm surge is shown. The ground surface 12 is partly below the water surface 10 and partly above it. The device 1 having the elastic plates 2 and 75 is partially placed directly on the ground surface 12. A concrete element 73 is attached as a weight to a suitable elastic plate 75 in the end range and the side end range (not shown) facing the water side 10 of the device 1. The concrete element 73 pulls the elastic plate 75 downward, so that the elastic plate is deeper in the ground 37 than the land-side plate. This results in a transition of the plate 75 that curves downwards in the vertical cross section, which forms a particularly advantageous hydrodynamic shape and serves as a wave landing surface. The wave force is thus absorbed and guided upward. This reduces erosion under the device 1.

  However, when the ground surface 12 reaches the lower edge of the concrete element 73 due to the action of a storm surge and erodes below the concrete element 73, the concrete element 73 moves downward, and the elastic plate 75 together with the ground plate 37 Pull toward. As a result, protection is restored up to the deep sea floor 12. The concrete element 73 can also be combined with the device 1 shown in FIG. 13a.

  FIG. 15 shows the whole of another embodiment of the device 1 having a single-layer elastic plate 2 and a multi-layer elastic plate 75 in a vertical sectional view. The elastic plates 2 and 75 are made of elastic rubber or hard rubber and are coupled to each other. For attachment, the elastic plate is anchored to the ground 37 by the earth screw 3. The sand surface 12 is partly below and partly above the water surface 10. Behind the water 103 is a dune-shaped formation 106. In the range of the bank of the dune-shaped formation part 106, the elastic board 2 has a large inclination with respect to the water surface. In this range, the elastic plate is formed in one layer, that is, in this range, the device 1 does not pass sand or water. The plate 2 is then just below the sand surface 12. On the water side of the bank range, the distance between the plate 75 and the sand surface 12 is increased. As a result, the plate 75 forms a recess or a bowl-shaped recess 100 that opens upward. The void thus formed is filled with alluvial sand 19. Sand is introduced as in alluvial and the sand surface 12 to be placed is above the normal water surface 10. This produces a substantially horizontal flat surface 12. During storm surges or floods, water 103 carries no sand and has no point of action. This ensures that the sand 19 is not washed away. Further, the sand 19 is fastened by the walls 101 and 104 of the bowl-shaped recess 100. The walls 101 and 104 are formed by elastic plate wrinkles, and no additional structural elements are required.

  As shown in FIG. 12, a three-layer composite plate 75 is provided in the range of the bowl-shaped recess 100. The perforated plate 75 allows water to pass through through the water outlet opening (see FIG. 12), while the sand is clamped by a layer of non-woven fabric (see FIG. 12), thereby allowing the device 1 to pass water but not sand. Do not pass. This allows water to flow immediately through the outflow opening and does not form a water-sand suspension that has a low viscosity and is therefore easily washed away or carried away.

  The plates 2 and 75 are moored to the ground 37 by a number of earth screws 3. The earth screw 3 is not necessarily required in the range of the bowl-shaped recess 100. This is because the plate 75 is fixed by the alluvial sand 19.

  Concrete elements 73 as weights are attached to the elastic plates 2 and 75 at continuous intervals in the end range of the device 1 facing the water side 103. Similarly, a concrete element 73 is attached to the side end region (see FIG. 14). The functions of these concrete elements 73 have been described above.

  FIG. 16a shows a schematic plan view of a bowl-shaped recess 100 with a number of plates joined together. The transition range between the water line 105 or water 103 and the sand 37 is shown. The bowl-shaped recess 100 has a substantially rectangular shape having four side walls 101 and 104 formed by wrinkling of the plate 75. The trough-shaped recess 100 is provided so that it is sufficiently spaced from the water line 105 and the dune formation 106 so that the water that rises or drains during floods or storm surges has as little vertical flow velocity as possible. do not have.

  The bowl-shaped recess 100 has a ridge 102 formed at the bottom thereof by the wrinkling of the plate 75 as well. The ridge 102 extends from the wall 104 facing the water 103 toward the land side. As a result, an additional effect that can be obtained by the breakwater in principle, that is, the effect of preventing sand from being carried out by the lateral flow is produced. However, the ridge 102 according to the present invention is more effective. This is because they are completely in the recess 100 and in the sand and therefore are not washed directly by the water.

  It should be emphasized that the illustration serves only for clarity. This is because the bowl-shaped recess 100 is completely covered by the alluvial sand 19 (see FIG. 16b) and is therefore not visible. In addition, the dimensions of the saddle-shaped recess 100 and the ridges 102 and their distances are not shown with exact dimensions.

  FIG. 16b shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the saddle-like recess 100 of FIG. 16a. As can be seen, the ridges 102 are formed by wrinkling the elastic plate 75, so that no additional structural elements are required, and an inexpensive construction of the device 1 is possible. The area between and above the ridges 102 is covered with alluvial sand 19.

  FIG. 17 shows the details of another embodiment of the apparatus 1 with a cement injection anchor 207 according to the present invention in a vertical section. The cement injection anchor 207 is made of a high-grade steel pipe 208 having a crown-like tooth 216 at the lower end. In the upper area, a tube sheet 209 made of high-grade steel having a hole 210 is welded. Furthermore, the tube has an internal thread 212 in the upper region.

  For installation, the cement injection anchor 207 is mounted vertically on the coastal surface or ground surface 12. The cement suspension is then pumped down through the tube opening 211. The cement injection anchor 207 is easily pushed into the ground 37 until the tube sheet 209 is placed on the ground surface 12 by the washing action of the cement suspension. After the cement is hardened, a meshing joint is formed between the cement injection anchor 207 and the ground 37. Accordingly, the cement injection anchor 207 can be fixedly moored in the sand. Then, elastic rubber plates 2 that are joined to each other are laid on the ground surface 12. The rubber plate has an opening 8. A closing screw 213 is passed through the opening of the elastic rubber plate 2, and is screwed into the female screw 212 through the hole 210 and the tube opening 211, whereby the elastic rubber plate 2 is interposed between the tube plate 209 and the top plate 214 of the closing screw 213, respectively. Tightened to.

  FIG. 18 shows the whole of another embodiment of the device 1 with a coastal barrier 300 in a vertical sectional view. The figure shows a coastal barrier 300 so that buildings or structures near the shore can be protected. Therefore, the elastic plate 75 is directly coupled to the coastal barrier 300 by an appropriate coupling means (not shown). Here, a multilayered elastic plate 75 that allows water to pass but does not allow sand to pass is used. The elastic plate 75 is provided under the sand surface 20 and partially under the water surface 10. A concrete element 73 is attached to the water-facing end region of the plates 75 that are joined together by mechanical connection, pulling the elastic plate 75 downward in this range, thus better absorbing the pressure waves caused by sea waves. can do.

  FIG. 18 shows the whole of another embodiment of the device 1 as a scour protection device having a single pile 301 in a vertical sectional view. Such a single pile 301 is a concrete pile driven into the seabed 37, and is used, for example, as a support for wind power facilities or a boring tower. Due to the water flow, scouring occurs near the single pile 301 or in other offshore structures, ie, sand is washed away in the area of the building 301 to form a funnel-like scouring recess. In the illustrated embodiment, the single pile 301 is effectively protected against scouring by means of the device 1 consisting of the elastic plate 2 joined to each other and the concrete element 73 in the edge or end region of the elastic plate 2. As indicated by reference numeral 302, the sand surface 20 was washed away in the range of the single pile 301, but further washing away was prevented by the elastic plate 2 in contact with the single pile 301. The concrete element 73 pulls the plate 2 downward, thus producing a hydrodynamically favorable shape of the device 1. Since the concrete element also serves as an attachment element, depending on the situation, the earth screws or other attachment means described above can be eliminated if the scour protection device does not exceed a certain size. The elastic plate 2 may be a single layer that does not allow water to pass, or may be a multilayer plate 75 (see FIG. 12) that allows water to pass but does not allow sand to pass.

  The embodiment of the device 1 shown in FIG. 19 is not limited to the illustrated use of a single pile 301, but can be used for any type of offshore building or offshore building foundation or underwater building in the illustrated manner. is there.

  FIG. 20 shows the whole of another embodiment of the device 1 without sand coating in a vertical sectional view. The ground surface 12 is below the water surface 10. As the elastic plate, a multilayer plate 75 (see FIG. 12) that allows water to pass but does not allow sand to pass is provided. The plates 75 are coupled to each other (not shown) and rest directly on the slightly inclined ground surface 12 and are not covered with sand. Nevertheless, this is possible as well. Due to the stability and flexibility of the plate 75, it is possible to walk or run on it. The board is attached to the ground 37 by the earthwork 3. In the end range and the side end range (not shown) of the elastic plate 75 facing the water side 10, a plurality of concrete elements 73 are attached to the elastic plate 75 as weights, and the elastic plate 75 is pulled downward. . This causes a transition of the downwardly curved plate 75, which thus forms a particularly advantageous hydrodynamic shape and serves as a lifting surface for the waves.

  Furthermore, a sand dune having a bank 24 made of sand, followed by an erosion ridge 13 having a sand surface 20 is shown. The area of the bank 24 is protected by a single layer of elastic plate 2 that is impermeable to water. These plates 2 that are impermeable to water extend deep into the ground 37. When the water surface 10 rises during a storm surge, the surface of the plate 75 through which water passes is covered. In that case, the water can advantageously flow out to the ground 37 through the plate 75. In that case, the area of the elastic plate 2 that extends into the ground 37 and does not allow water to pass therethrough is that the water rises too high in the area of the bank behind the plate 2 and is washed by receiving a wave load during elastic movement of the plate 2 Prevent digging from happening. The banks 13, 20, 24 are further protected thereby. The elastic plates 2 that are impermeable to water are connected to each other by vulcanization (not shown). The range having the plate 75 through which water passes and the range having the plate 2 through which water does not pass are coupled to each other by the rubber element 76.

  FIG. 21 shows the whole of another embodiment of the apparatus 1 with concrete beams in a vertical cross-sectional view. In this case, a reinforcing element 303 which serves as the mounting element 3 is provided at the same time. Metal profiles are also suitable instead of concrete beams. The area composed of the elastic plate 75 which is impermeable to water is fixedly connected to the concrete beam 3 at the edge area and thus fixed to the ground 37. Thus, there may be no earth screw or earthen but it can be used as an additional attachment means. In the illustrated embodiment of the device 1, the area of the elastic plate 75 between the two concrete beams 3 has one curved portion. This curved portion results in a statically particularly stable structure that resists strong suction forces upward. Thus, elastic plates without inserts or reinforcements can also be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Protective device 2 Elastic board 3 Attachment element 4 Seat board 5 Support member 6 Anchor board 8 Anchor element 8 Opening 9 Head 10 Water surface 11 Flood surface 12 Ground surface 13 Erosion ridge 14 Textile insert 15 Textile 16 Front side 17 Lower side 18 Placement element 19 Sand alluvial layer 20 Sand surface 21 Sheet pile wall 22 Foundation 23 Added sheet pile wall 24 Bank 30 Preload element 31 Protective cover 32 Coil spring 33 Tension spring 34 Mounting surface 35 Closure screw 36 Protection sleeve 37 Ground 38 Adhesion 39 Spring Sleeve 40 Substrate 41 Substrate opening 42 Outflow opening 43 Spring lower end 44 Spring upper end 45 Wall 46 Base 47 Space 48 Tube 50 Plate 52 Internal plate 58 Internal opening 60 Reinforcement body 61 Lattice joint 63 Nonwoven fabric 70 Retaining layer 71 Recess 72 Water outflow Opening 73 Concrete element 74 Intermediate layer 75 Three-layer composite plate 76 Rubber element 100 桶 101 Side wall 102 Bump 103 Water 04 sidewall 105 waterline 106 dune forming unit 207 cement injection anchor 208 tube 209 tube plate 210 holes 211 tube opening 212 female thread 213 closing screws 214 top plate 215 cement 216 drilling 300 coastal barrier 301 single pile 302 scouring portion 303 reinforcement

Claims (19)

  Flood protection, revetment or scour protection device (1), wherein the device (1) secures one or more elastic plates (2, 75) and the plate (12) to be protected (3) ).   Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic plate (2,75) is made of rubber and has a thickness of approximately 2 cm as much as possible.   3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic plates (2, 75) are connected to each other in a watertight manner by vulcanization or mechanically by connecting means.   Preceding, characterized in that the elastic plate (2,75) has one or more inserts (14), in particular made of textile fabric, or a reinforcement made of steel bars, steel wire or steel mesh Apparatus according to one of the claims.   One of the preceding claims, characterized in that a reinforcing element (303) is provided for the elastic plate (2, 75) in order to avoid deformation of the plate (2, 75) due to the suction force The device described.   Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that earth screws (3), earthwork or cement injection anchors (207) are provided as attachment means.   As a cement injection anchor (207), a tube plate (209) provided at the upper end and having a hole (210) for a tube opening (211), and an upper female screw (212) for a closing screw (213) having a top plate (214) Device according to claim 6, characterized in that a tube (208) is provided.   On both lateral ends of the device (1), a sheet pile wall (21) is provided that is bent with respect to the plate (2, 75) in order to extend from the water toward the land side and prevent back-backward drift. A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that   One or more bottom plates (6) provided horizontally and coupled to the device are provided and have a support member (5) forming a holding frame for the elastic plate (2, 75). A device according to one of the preceding claims.   Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom plate (6) has an anchor element (7) for mounting on the ground.   The elastic plate (2, 75) has a mounting element (18) extending along its lower edge, and this mounting element is formed as a substantially T-shaped profile in a vertical section, Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims.   Prior claim, characterized in that the elastic plate (2, 75) has a recess (71) and / or a ridge on its upper side in order to keep the sand (19) or other earth material (37) firmly An apparatus according to one of the paragraphs.   One of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastic plate (75) has a water outflow opening (72) and / or a filtration layer, in particular a non-woven fabric layer (63), which is permeable to water and impervious to sand. The device described.   At least one weight, preferably made of concrete, for the device (1) to pull or push the elastic plate (2) downwardly in the end region into the end region of the elastic plate (2,75) to be joined together. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an element (73).   The plates (2, 75) that are joined together form at least one bowl-shaped recess (100) that opens upward to fill sand and / or other materials, and the walls of the bowl-shaped recess (100) ( 101) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that 101) is formed as wrinkles of the elastic plate (2) as much as possible.   The bowl-shaped recess (100) has a ridge (102) extending from the water-facing wall (103) toward the land side in order to prevent the sand from being carried away due to the lateral flow. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that it is formed as a wrinkle in the elastic plate (2,75).   A filter layer (63), particularly a non-woven fabric, is provided in the end region of the elastic plates (2) to be joined to each other and water is not allowed to pass through the sand, and a reinforcing body (60) is provided as much as possible. A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized.   A flood protection, revetment or scour protection method, characterized in that the device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 17 is fixed at a location (12) to be protected.   Use of the device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 17 for flood protection, revetment protection or scour protection.

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