JP2011226589A - Tripod type constant velocity universal joint and outside joint member for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tripod type constant velocity universal joint and an outside joint member for the same, allowing drastic reduction of weight without strength reduction.SOLUTION: The outside joint member for this tripod type constant velocity universal joint includes three track grooves 26 extending in an axial direction in the inner circumference, and includes roller guide faces 27, 27 facing to each other in an inside wall of each track groove 26. The outside joint member for the tripod type constant velocity universal joint includes a metal cup part 24 formed with the track grooves 26 in the inner circumference. The cup part 24 is formed with a small outside diameter part 41 that is a thin part 40, and the small outside diameter part 41 is covered with an FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) layer 42.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tripod type constant velocity universal joint used for a drive shaft, a propeller shaft, and the like of an automobile, and an outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint.

  As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the constant velocity universal joint (tripod type constant velocity universal joint) includes an outer joint member 1, a tripod member 2 as an inner joint member, and a roller 3 as a torque transmission member. As a component.

  The outer joint member 1 includes a mouth portion (cup portion) 4 and a shaft portion 5 that are integrally formed. The mouse portion 4 has a cup shape opened at one end, and a track groove 6 extending in the axial direction is formed at a position of the inner circumference in the circumferential direction. Roller guide surfaces 7 and 7 are formed on inner walls facing each other in the circumferential direction of each track groove 6.

  The tripod member 2 includes a boss 8 and a leg shaft 9. The boss 8 is formed with a spline or serration hole that is coupled to the shaft 10 so as to be able to transmit torque. The leg shaft 9 protrudes in the radial direction from the circumferentially divided position of the boss 8. Each leg shaft 9 of the tripod member 2 carries a roller 3. A plurality of needle rollers 12 are disposed between the leg shaft 9 and the roller 3 in a full roller state.

  The tripod type constant velocity universal joint shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 is a so-called single roller type, but the tripod type constant velocity universal joint has two rollers of an inner roller and an outer roller. There is a so-called double roller type. The single roller type and the double roller type are appropriately selected according to the request from the vehicle.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-10562

  In recent years, in automobiles, there is an increasing demand for weight reduction from the viewpoint of environmental protection and energy saving. However, in the tripod type constant velocity universal joint, the material of each part including the outer joint member is a steel material. For this reason, in order to reduce the weight, it is possible to propose a method of reducing the thickness of components as much as possible. That is, as described in Patent Document 1, the outer joint member 1 has a three-valve corollary shape in which the cross-sectional shape of the outer periphery is a repetition of a small diameter portion 15 and a large diameter portion 16 (see FIG. 16).

  However, even if it was made into a flower crown shape as shown in FIG. 16, it was difficult to further reduce the weight without impairing the joint function.

  Therefore, in view of such circumstances, the present invention intends to provide a tripod type constant velocity universal joint and an outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint that can be significantly reduced in weight without a decrease in strength. .

  The outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint of the present invention has a tripod type constant velocity in which three track grooves extending in the axial direction are provided on the inner periphery and roller guide surfaces facing each other are provided on the inner wall of each track groove. An outer joint member of a universal joint, comprising a metal cup part with the track groove formed on the inner periphery, and forming a small outer diameter part for forming a thin part in the cup part. The diameter portion is covered with an FRP layer. Here, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) is obtained by reinforcing plastic with fibers. FRP is called GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic), CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic), AFRP, or KFRP (aramid fiber reinforced plastic) depending on the fiber used. The resin to be used is typically a thermosetting resin such as an unsaturated polyester resin, an epoxy resin, or a phenol resin, but a thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene, nylon, or polycarbonate can also be used.

  According to the outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint of the present invention, the FRP constituting the FRP layer has mechanical properties equal to or higher than that of metal and is lighter than a metal material. For this reason, weight reduction can be attained compared with what comprises the whole with a metal (steel material), and also it is not inferior in intensity | strength. Further, the FRP layer covers the small outer diameter portion of the cup portion, and the outer diameter dimension as a finished product can be set in the same manner as the conventional one.

  The back side of the cup part can be a thin part, the opening part side can be a thick part, and a groove for mounting a boot can be formed on the outer diameter surface of the thick part on the opening part side. Moreover, the groove | channel for boot mounting can be formed with the outer-diameter surface of the thick part by the side of an opening, and a FRP layer.

  In the FRP cylinder formed by winding the fiber infiltrated with the synthetic resin agent around the mandrel by the filament winding method and baking the fiber, the FRP layer is formed, or the fiber infiltrated with the synthetic resin agent is formed into a sheet shape. The FRP layer can be constituted by an FRP cylinder formed by winding the sheet on a mandrel by a sheet winding method and baking it. The filament winding method is a method in which a fiber (fiber bundle) impregnated with a resin is wound around a mandrel, molded, heated and cured, and then the mandrel is removed. Winding a sheet, not a bundle of fibers, is called sheet winding.

  The FRP cylinder can be press-fitted into the cup portion. Thus, by press-fitting the FRP cylinder, the small outer diameter portion can be covered with the FRP layer.

  A plurality of FRP layers having different thicknesses may be provided. As described above, in the case of having FRP layers with different thicknesses, a thick FRP layer is used for a portion that requires high strength, or a thin FRP layer is used for a portion that does not require very high strength. can do.

  Until the fiber has an orientation angle of + 5 ° to + 90 ° and −5 ° to −90 ° alternately arranged with respect to the axial direction, so that the fiber orientation angle of the FRP layer becomes a predetermined thickness. It can be wound spirally.

  A stopper that prevents the FRP layer from coming off in the axial direction can be provided on the outer diameter surface of the cup portion. Further, an adhesive may be interposed between the outer diameter surface of the cup portion coated with the FRP layer and the inner diameter surface of the FRP layer, and a reservoir for collecting the adhesive is provided on the outer diameter surface of the cup portion. May be.

  An uneven portion may be formed on the outer surface of the cup portion. This uneven portion can be formed by shot peening or knurling. Further, the uneven portion may have a sawtooth shape.

  The cup portion may be formed by forging and then the thin portion is formed by cutting or may be a pressed product of a thin plate material.

  For example, the cup portion includes a cup portion and a shaft portion projecting from the bottom wall of the cup portion. The cup portion is formed by press working, and the shaft portion is formed by cutting and rolling. Cup part and shaft part joined by friction welding, cup part and shaft part joined by laser welding, cup part and shaft part joined by arc welding In some cases, the cup portion and the shaft portion are joined by plastic bonding.

  The first tripod type constant velocity universal joint of the present invention includes an outer joint member provided with three track grooves extending in the axial direction on the inner periphery and provided with roller guide surfaces facing each other on the inner wall of each track groove; A single roller type tripod constant velocity comprising a tripod member having three leg shafts, and a roller rotatably supported by the leg shaft and inserted into a track groove of the outer joint member. A universal joint using the outer joint member as the outer joint member.

  The second tripod type constant velocity universal joint of the present invention includes an outer joint member provided with three track grooves extending in the axial direction on the inner periphery and provided with roller guide surfaces facing each other on the inner wall of each track groove; A tripod member having three leg shafts projecting in the radial direction; an inner roller that is externally fitted to the leg shaft; and an outer roller that is inserted into the track groove and is externally fitted to the inner roller. In a double roller type tripod type constant velocity universal joint in which a roller is rotatable with respect to the leg shaft and movable along the roller guide surface, the outer joint member is used as the outer joint member. is there.

  The outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to the present invention can be reduced in weight as compared with a member composed entirely of metal (steel material) and is not inferior in strength. For this reason, the outer joint member which has the intensity | strength equivalent to the conventional one and is lightweight can be provided. Moreover, the outer diameter dimension as a completed product can be set similarly to the conventional one, and size reduction can be achieved. For this reason, the tripod type constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member can constitute a shaft capable of effectively reducing the weight when used for a drive shaft, a propeller shaft, or the like.

  In the case where the boot mounting groove is formed, the boot can be mounted stably, and a functionally stable constant velocity universal joint can be formed. In particular, in the case where a groove for mounting a boot is formed on the outer diameter surface of the thick wall portion on the opening side, the boot can be mounted on a portion having high rigidity, and the boot fixing (mounting) is further stabilized. . In addition, when a part of the FRP layer is used as a part of the groove for mounting the boot, the change in the diameter difference between the thick part and the thin part is reduced, and the degree of stress concentration can be reduced.

  By press-fitting the FRP cylinder, the small outer diameter portion can be covered with the FRP layer, and the assembly is excellent.

  If there are multiple FRP layers with different wall thicknesses, use thick FRP layers for parts that require high strength, or use thin FRP layers for parts that do not require very high strength. can do. For this reason, the design which obtains the necessary and sufficient reinforcement effect by FRP is possible, Furthermore, the usage-amount of FRP can be restrained small and low cost becomes possible.

The FRP layer can be stably formed by the filament winding method or the sheet winding method, and the productivity is excellent. Further, the fiber is wound spirally until a predetermined thickness is obtained so that the orientation angles of the fibers are alternately arranged at angles of 5 ° to + 90 ° and −5 ° to −90 °. Thus, an FRP layer having higher strength can be formed.

  Although the strength of FRP varies depending on the fibers included, for example, in the case of carbon fibers, since the tensile strength is about twice that of steel, it is possible to further reduce the diameter. For example, CFRP is a material that is harder to deform than steel, so it can suppress the deformation of the outer joint member when a load is applied, and keep the internal parts of the constant velocity universal joint in a more ideal state. The strength of is improved. Since FRP is an anisotropic material, it can be easily tuned to the optimum strength according to the use situation by adjusting the winding angle and thickness of the fiber.

  In the case where the stopper is provided on the outer diameter surface of the cup portion, the FRP layer can be prevented from coming off in the axial direction, and the product is stable. Moreover, when an adhesive is used, the FRP cylinder can be stably joined to the cup portion. In particular, if a stopper and an adhesive are used in combination, it is possible to prevent the FRP cylinder body from being pulled out and rotated with respect to the cup portion of the outer joint member body, and it is possible to suppress damage to the constant velocity universal joint caused by the FRP cylinder body being pulled out and rotated. In addition, when a reservoir portion is provided on the outer diameter surface of the cup portion to store the adhesive, the adhesion can be improved, and the FRP cylinder can be stably bonded to the cup portion. Stable as a product.

  If the concave and convex portions are formed on the outer surface of the cup, the adhesive can be further improved in adhesiveness, and the concave and convex portions can be formed by shot peening or knurling. Excellent in productivity. On the other hand, if it is a serrated uneven part, this uneven part (convex tooth) will bite into the inner surface of an FRP layer, and can maintain a strong joined state.

  The cup part may be formed by forging and then a thin part is formed by cutting or may be a pressed product of a thin plate material, and can be formed by various manufacturing methods. After the cup part and the shaft part are manufactured in separate steps, the outer joint members having different shapes and sizes can be easily produced by assembling them. Further, different shaft portions can be assembled to the cup portion having the same shape and size. That is, the cup part can be shared. In particular, if the cup part is a press-processed product, a product closer to the product shape can be formed at the stage of plastic working, and the machining allowance in post-processing such as turning can be reduced. Thereby, the yield of material improves.

  A cup part and a shaft part can be joined by various publicly known joining methods so far, and stable joining is possible.

  In the first and second tripod type constant velocity universal joints of the present invention, the outer joint member that is reduced in weight is used, so that a constant velocity universal joint that can be reduced in weight can be provided. Moreover, the strength is not inferior to that of the conventional product.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint shown in FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member which shows the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member which shows the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint shown in FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member which shows the 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member which shows the 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint shown in FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member which shows the 6th Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint shown in FIG. 9. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the outer joint member which shows the 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view before the assembly of the outer joint member shown in the said FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the outer joint member which shows the 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view before the assembly of the outer joint member shown in the said FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint using a conventional outer joint member. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint of FIG. 15.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  1 and 2 show a tripod type constant velocity universal joint using a first outer joint member. The tripod type constant velocity universal joint includes an outer joint member 21, a tripod member 22 as an inner joint member, and a roller 23 as a torque transmission member as main components.

  The outer joint member 21 includes a cup portion (mouse portion) 24 and a shaft portion 25 that are integrally formed. The cup portion 24 has a cup shape opened at one end, and is formed with a track groove 26 extending in the axial direction at a position equally divided into three in the circumferential direction on the inner periphery. Roller guide surfaces 27, 27 are formed on the inner walls of each track groove 26 facing in the circumferential direction. In addition, the cup part 24 and the axial part 25 are metal (for example, medium carbon steel etc.). The shaft portion 25 includes a base portion 25a on the bottom wall 24a side of the cup portion 24, a main body portion 25b that protrudes from the base portion 25a, and a spline shaft portion 25c that is connected to the main body portion 25b.

  The tripod member 22 includes a boss 28 and a leg shaft 29. A female spline 31 is formed in the axial hole of the boss 28, and the end of the shaft 30 is fitted into the axial hole. A male spline 30 a is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the shaft 30. For this reason, the male spline 30a of the shaft 30 and the female spline 31 of the boss 28 are fitted by fitting the end of the shaft 30 into the axial hole of the boss 28. A circumferential groove 33 is formed at the end of the male spline 30 a of the shaft 30, and a retaining ring 34 is attached to the circumferential groove 33 as a retaining stopper.

  The leg shaft 29 protrudes in the radial direction from the circumferentially divided position of the boss 28. Each leg shaft 29 of the tripod member 22 carries a roller 23. A plurality of needle rollers 32 are disposed between the leg shaft 29 and the roller 23 in a full roller state.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the cup portion 24 has a three-valve corollary shape in which the cross-sectional shape of the outer periphery is a repetition of a small diameter portion 35 and a large diameter portion 36. Then, a small outer diameter portion 41 constituting the thin wall portion 40 is formed in the cup portion 24, and the small outer diameter portion 41 is covered with the FRP layer 42. That is, a scraped portion (either by cutting or grinding or may be molded at the time of forging when forming the cup portion 24) is provided on the outer diameter surface of each large diameter portion 36, An FRP layer 42 made of a short cylinder is externally fitted (press-fit).

  For this reason, the cup portion 24 has a thin portion 40 on the back side and a thick portion 43 on the opening side. A boot mounting groove 45 is formed on the outer diameter surface of the thick portion 43 on the opening side. Thus, in the state in which the FRP layer 42 is externally fitted (attached) to the thin portion 40, the outer diameter size of the outer diameter surface 42a of the FRP layer 42 and the outer diameter size of the outer diameter surface 43a of the thick portion 43 are as follows. The outer diameter surface of the thick portion 43 and the outer diameter surface of the FRP layer 42 are continuously arranged on the same cylindrical surface. Further, the thick part side edge 42 b of the FRP layer 42 is in contact with the step part 43 b of the thick part 43. The thickness of the FRP layer 42 is, for example, about 2 mm to 3 mm, the thickness of the thin portion 40 is, for example, about 2 mm to 3 mm, and the thickness of the thick portion 43 is, for example, It is set to about 4 mm to 6 mm.

  The FRP layer 42 is configured by an FRP cylinder P in which fibers infiltrated with a synthetic resin agent are wound around a mandrel by a filament winding method or a sheet winding method and then baked. Here, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) is obtained by reinforcing plastic with fibers. FRP is called GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic), CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic), AFRP, or KFRP (aramid fiber reinforced plastic) depending on the fiber used. Further, the FRP layer 42 can be constituted by an FRP cylinder P formed by drawing FRP infiltrated into a synthetic resin agent by a pultrusion molding method (a molding method in which a resin is continuously heated and cured in a mold). Furthermore, it is also possible to configure such an FRP cylinder P by injection molding.

  The resin used for forming the FRP cylinder is typically a thermosetting resin such as an unsaturated polyester resin, an epoxy resin, or a phenol resin, but a thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene, nylon, or polycarbonate can also be used. In particular, an epoxy resin is preferable for the FRP layer 42 because of its properties such as high mechanical strength, excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, water resistance, and moisture resistance.

  The FRP cylinder P has a predetermined wall thickness so that the orientation of the fibers is alternately arranged at an angle of + 5 ° to + 90 ° and −5 ° to −90 ° with respect to the axial direction. It was wound spirally until it became. In general, FRP has the properties described below. Excellent weather resistance, heat resistance, and chemical resistance. It has electrical insulation and excellent radio wave transmission. Excellent heat insulation. It can handle various shapes and can be colored freely. Lightweight and strong.

  In this case, the FRP cylinder P constituting the FRP layer 42 is formed, and the FRP cylinder P is press-fitted into the thin portion 40 of the cup portion 24. As described above, the FRP cylinder P is separately configured and press-fitted into the cup portion 24 to be mounted.

  By the way, the press-fit allowance for the FRP cylinder P varies depending on the material used, etc., but does not shift in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, and does not require excessive press-fitting input, and can be deformed by press-fitting, It is not supposed to be damaged.

  In the outer joint member of the present invention, the FRP constituting the FRP layer 42 has mechanical properties equivalent to or higher than those of metal and is lighter than a metal material. For this reason, weight reduction can be attained compared with what comprises the whole with a metal (steel material), and also it is not inferior in intensity | strength. For this reason, the outer joint member which has the intensity | strength equivalent to the conventional one and is lightweight can be provided. Further, the FRP layer 42 covers the small outer diameter portion 41 of the cup portion 24, and the outer diameter dimension as a finished product can be set in the same manner as the conventional one, and the size can be reduced.

  Since the boot mounting groove 45 is formed in the thick portion 43, the boot (not shown) can be mounted stably, and a functionally stable constant velocity universal joint can be configured.

  The FRP layer 42 can be stably formed by the filament winding method, the sheet winding method, etc., and the productivity is excellent. Also, by winding the fibers in a spiral shape until a predetermined thickness is obtained, the orientation angles are alternately arranged at an angle of 5 ° to + 90 ° and −5 ° to −90 °. Thus, the FRP layer 42 having a higher strength can be formed.

Although the strength of FRP varies depending on the fibers included, for example, in the case of carbon fibers, since the tensile strength is about twice that of steel, it is possible to further reduce the diameter. For example, CFRP is a material that is harder to deform than steel, so it can suppress the deformation of the outer joint member when a load is applied, and keep the internal parts of the constant velocity universal joint in a more ideal state. The strength of is improved. Since FRP is an anisotropic material, it can be easily tuned to the optimum strength according to the use situation by adjusting the winding angle and thickness of the fiber.

  An adhesive may be interposed between the coated outer diameter surface 40a of the cup portion 24 coated with the FRP layer and the inner diameter surface 42b of the FRP layer 42. As the adhesive, various adhesives such as epoxy and urethane can be selected from the viewpoint of bondability between metal and resin.

  If the cup part 24 and the FRP layer 42 are joined via an adhesive, an adhesive can be interposed in the gap as a gap of the fitting relation of the FRP layer 42 to the cup part 24. For this reason, it is not necessary to press the inner diameter surface of the FRP layer 42 to the outer diameter surface 40 a of the cup portion 24. That is, it is not necessary to finish the inner surface dimension of the FRP layer 42 with high accuracy, and the productivity is excellent.

  By the way, in the outer joint member 21 shown in FIG. 3, the boot mounting groove 45 is formed by the outer diameter surface 43 a of the thick portion 43 on the opening side and the FRP layer 42. That is, a tapered portion 46 (the outer diameter is reduced from the thin portion side toward the thick portion side) is provided on the outer diameter portion of the FRP layer 42 on the thick portion 43 side, and the tip 46a of the tapered portion 46 is It is abutted against the stepped portion 43 b of the thick portion 43. Further, the outer diameter dimension of the outer diameter surface 42 a of the FRP layer 42 is set larger than the outer diameter dimension of the outer diameter surface 43 a of the thick portion 43. A protruding ridge 47 extending in the circumferential direction is provided on the joint opening side of the outer diameter surface 43 a of the thick portion 43. Thus, the boot mounting groove 45 can be formed by the outer diameter surface 43 a of the thick portion 43 between the convex portion 47 and the tapered portion 46 of the FRP layer 42. As described above, in the outer joint member 21 shown in FIG. 3, the change in the diameter difference between the thick portion 43 and the thin portion 40 is reduced, and the degree of stress concentration can be reduced.

  The outer joint member shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 includes a plurality of FRP layers 42A and 42B having different thicknesses. In this case, the entire large-diameter portion 36 is the same thin-walled portion 40, the FRP layer 42A having a large thickness is attached (externally fitted) on the joint opening side, and the thickness is small on the deep side of the joint. The FRP layer 42B is attached (externally fitted). In this case, the thickness dimension of the FRP layer 42A is, for example, about 2 mm to 3 mm, and the thickness dimension of the FRP layer 42B is, for example, about 1 mm to 2 mm. Moreover, as a thickness dimension of the large diameter part 36, it shall be about 4 mm-6 mm, for example.

  As described above, in the case where the FRP layer 42 having different thicknesses is used, a thick FRP layer is used for a portion that requires high strength, or a thin FRP layer is used for a portion that does not require very high strength. Can be. For this reason, the design which obtains the necessary and sufficient reinforcement effect by FRP is possible, Furthermore, the usage-amount of FRP can be restrained small and low cost becomes possible.

  Next, in the outer joint member 21 shown in FIG. 6, a stopper 50 that prevents the FRP layer 42 from coming off in the axial direction is provided on the outer diameter surface 40 a of the cup portion 24. That is, in the outer joint member 21 shown in FIG. 1, a circumferential groove 51 is provided on the outer diameter surface of the cup portion 24, and a retaining ring as a stopper 50 is attached to the circumferential groove 51. The FRP layer 42 is interposed between the stopper 50 and the stepped portion 43 b of the thick portion 43. As the clip, an existing round circlip, square circlip, snap ring or the like can be used. In this embodiment, a circlip having a flat cross section is used.

  In the FRP layer 42, axial movement toward the joint opening side is restricted by the step portion 43 b of the thick portion 43, and axial movement toward the joint back side is restricted by the stopper 50. The axial removal of the FRP layer 42 can be restricted, and the product is stable. In particular, if it is used in combination with an adhesive, the FRP cylinder P can be stably joined to the cup portion 24, and the product is stable. That is, the FRP tubular body P can be prevented from being pulled out and rotated with respect to the cup portion 24, and damage to the constant velocity universal joint due to the FRP tubular body P being detached and rotated can be suppressed.

  In the outer joint member shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a reservoir portion 55 in which an adhesive is accumulated is provided on the coated outer diameter surface 40 a of the cup portion 24. That is, a circumferential groove having a flat rectangular cross section is provided on the side of the thick portion 43 of the coated outer diameter surface 40a, and the pool portion 55 is configured by the circumferential groove.

  By the way, in the case of using an adhesive, if the FRP cylinder P is press-fitted, the press-fitting makes it difficult for the adhesive to remain at the interface between the outer diameter surface 40a and the inner diameter surface of the FRP cylinder P. For this reason, it will be inferior to adhesiveness. Therefore, when an adhesive is used, it is preferable to provide a reservoir 55 in which the adhesive accumulates on the outer diameter surface 40a. Thus, if the reservoir 55 is provided, the adhesive function can be sufficiently exhibited by pouring the adhesive in advance during press-fitting. As a result, the FRP cylinder P can be prevented from being pulled out and rotated with respect to the cup portion 24, and damage to the constant velocity universal joint due to the FRP cylinder P being detached or rotated can be suppressed.

  In this case, the reservoir 55 is configured by a circumferential groove having a flat rectangular cross section. However, the reservoir 55 is not limited to such a shape, and an adhesive can be accumulated, and the strength of the cup 24 is not reduced. Various changes can be made within the range. Further, the size (capacity), the arrangement position, and the like of the reservoir portion 55 can be variously changed within a range in which the adhesive can be accumulated and the strength of the cup portion 24 is not reduced.

  When using an adhesive, it is preferable to provide an uneven portion on the outer diameter surface 40a of the cup portion 24. When forming an uneven part, it can be formed by shot peening or knurling. Shot peening is a process in which small steel balls (shots) are sprayed onto the surface of structural materials and machine parts to generate compressive residual stress in the surface layer and light work hardening, increasing the fracture strength due to stress and fatigue. It is. The knurling process is a process of making a groove by rotating a material with a lathe and pressing a dedicated tool (blade). Thus, the adhesive effect of an adhesive agent can be improved by providing an uneven part.

  In the outer joint member shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, a sawtooth uneven portion 56 is formed on the coated outer diameter surface 40 a of the cup portion 24. That is, convex teeth having a triangular cross section extending in the axial direction are arranged along the circumferential direction. With such a concavo-convex portion 56, the convex teeth 56 a of the concavo-convex portion 56 bite into the inner diameter surface of the FRP layer 42, and a strong bonded state can be maintained.

  As shown in FIGS. 12 and 14, the outer joint member shown in FIG. 11 and the outer joint member shown in FIG. 13 are formed by separately forming the cup portion 24 and the shaft portion 25 and then assembling them. It is. In the outer joint member shown in FIG. 12, the cup portion 24 includes a peripheral wall 60 and a bottom wall 61 that closes the joint back side of the peripheral wall 60, and a small outer diameter portion 41 is formed on the peripheral wall 60 to form the thin portion 40. Forming. For this reason, the FRP layer 42 is formed in the thin portion 40 and the boot mounting groove 45 is provided in the thick portion 43.

  The shaft portion 25 includes a base portion 62 and a shaft portion main body 63 projecting from the base portion 62. The shaft portion main body 63 includes a base portion 63a and a spline shaft portion 63b. As shown in FIG. 11, the base portion 62 of the shaft portion 25 is joined to the back surface of the bottom wall 61 of the cup portion 24. As the joining means, friction welding, laser welding, arc welding, or the like can be employed.

  The friction welding method is a method in which members to be joined (for example, metal, resin, etc.) are rubbed together at high speed, and the members are softened by the frictional heat generated at the same time, and at the same time, pressure is applied to join them. The friction welding has the following advantages. A product with high dimensional accuracy can be obtained by a relatively simple operation. Therefore, assembly and joining of the finished members can be performed. There is a high reproducibility in joining results. Since various dissimilar materials (stainless steel and mild steel, stainless steel and copper, etc.) can be combined and bonded according to the application, a product with excellent performance can be obtained. Some materials that are difficult to join by arc welding can also be joined by friction welding. Less vibration and noise than forging. Since no spatter, fume, etc. occur, an integrated line combined with other machine tools can be knitted.

  Laser welding is a method of joining by irradiating a laser beam mainly on a metal as a heat source and locally melting and solidifying the metal. Laser welding has the following advantages. High speed deep penetration welding is possible. Very little welding heat effect. There is little welding deformation.

  Arc welding is a welding method in which an arc is generated between a metal material (base material) and a welding rod. Welding efficiency and weldability are good, equipment costs are low, and a small area of the welded portion that can be easily welded can be raised to a high temperature, so even thick plates can be easily welded.

  Next, in the outer joint member shown in FIG. 13, the cup portion 24 and the shaft portion 25 are joined by plastic bonding. That is, as shown in FIG. 14, a through hole 65 is provided in the bottom wall 61 of the cup portion 24, and a large number of convex portions 66 extending in the axial direction are arranged along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the base portion 62 of the shaft portion 25. Set up. Then, the base portion 62 of the shaft portion 25 is press-fitted into the through hole 65 of the bottom wall 61. In this case, for example, a spline composed of convex portions and concave portions along the axial direction is formed. And the convex part of a spline is hardened and this convex part is made into the said convex part 66. FIG. As this thermosetting treatment, various heat treatments such as induction hardening and carburizing and quenching can be employed. Here, induction hardening is a hardening method that applies the principle of heating a conductive object by placing Joule heat in a coil through which high-frequency current flows, and generating Joule heat by electromagnetic induction. is there. The carburizing and quenching is a method in which carbon is infiltrated / diffused from the surface of the low carbon material and then quenched.

  On the through-hole 65 side of the bottom wall 61, an uncured portion (unburned state) in which no thermosetting treatment is performed. The hardness difference between the convex portion 66 and the uncured portion of the bottom wall 61 is, for example, 20 points or more in HRC. Furthermore, specifically, the hardness of the surface of the convex portion 66 is 50 HRC or more, and the hardness of the uncured portion is about 10 HRC to 30 HRC.

  At this time, the projecting direction intermediate portion of the convex portion 66 corresponds to the position of the concave portion forming surface (in this case, the inner diameter surface of the through hole 65 of the bottom wall 61) before the concave portion is formed. That is, as shown in FIG. 14, the inner diameter dimension d of the inner diameter surface of the through-hole 65 of the bottom wall 61 is the maximum outer diameter of the convex portion 66, that is, the circle connecting the tops of the convex portions 66 that are the convex portions of the spline. It is set smaller than the diameter dimension (circumscribed circle diameter) D and larger than the diameter dimension D1 of a circle connecting the valley bottoms between the convex portions (the bottoms of the concave portions of the splines). That is, D <d <D1. For this reason, the convex portion 66 is press-fitted into the inner diameter surface of the through hole 65 of the bottom wall 61 at least from the apex to the intermediate portion in the protruding direction.

  The splines constituting the convex portions 66 can be formed by various processing methods such as rolling, cutting, pressing, drawing, etc., which are conventional publicly known means. Moreover, various heat processing, such as induction hardening and carburizing hardening, can be employ | adopted as a thermosetting process. In addition, the press-fitting start end of the convex portion 66 configured by forming the spline is a flat surface orthogonal to the axial direction of the shaft portion.

  Next, a method for integrating the cup portion 24 and the shaft portion 25 will be described. First, the axial center of the cup portion 24 and the axial center of the shaft portion 25 are brought into a combined state. In this state, the shaft portion 25 is inserted (press-fitted) into the cup portion 24. At this time, the diameter dimension d of the inner diameter surface of the through hole 65, the diameter dimension D of the convex portion 66, and the diameter dimension D1 of the concave portion of the spline are as described above, and the hardness of the convex portion 66 is through. Since the hardness of the inner diameter surface of the hole 65 is 20 points or more, if the shaft portion 25 is press-fitted into the through hole 65 of the cup portion 24, the convex portion 66 will bite into the inner diameter surface of the through hole 65, The part 66 forms the recessed part 67 with which this convex part 66 fits along an axial direction.

  For example, this press-fitting is performed until the tip end surface 62 a of the base portion 62 of the shaft portion 25 coincides with the inner surface 61 a of the bottom wall 61. Thereby, the whole fitting contact site | part of the convex part 66 and the recessed part 67 fitted to this is closely_contact | adhered. That is, the shape of the convex portion 66 is transferred to the counterpart concave surface (in this case, the inner diameter surface of the through-hole 65 of the cup portion 24). At this time, the convex portion 66 bites into the inner diameter surface of the through hole 65, so that the through hole 65 is slightly expanded in diameter, allowing the convex portion 31 to move in the axial direction and moving in the axial direction. If this stops, the diameter of the through hole 65 is reduced to return to the original diameter. In other words, the through-hole 65 is elastically deformed in the radial direction when the convex portion 66 is press-fitted, and a preload corresponding to this elastic deformation is applied to the tooth surface of the convex portion 66 (surface of the concave portion fitting portion). For this reason, the concave / convex fitting structure M in which the entire concave portion fitting portion of the convex portion 66 is in close contact with the corresponding concave portion 67 can be reliably formed.

  If the shaft portion 25 is press-fitted, a protruding portion is formed. Here, the protruding portion is the material content of the concave portion into which the convex portion 66 is fitted (fitted), and is extruded from the formed concave portion, cut to form the concave portion, or It consists of both extruded and cut.

  If the shaft portion 25 is press-fitted into the through hole 65, a concave portion that closely fits the convex portion 66 can be formed on the inner diameter surface of the through hole 65 along the axial direction. Moreover, since the entire fitting contact portion between the convex portion 66 and the concave portion 67 is in close contact with the concave-convex fitting structure M, a gap in which play occurs in the radial direction and the circumferential direction is formed in the fitting structure M. Not.

  By the way, as described above, GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic), CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic), AFRP, KFRP (aramid fiber reinforced plastic) can be used as the FRP in the FRP layer in each embodiment. In addition, FRP layers having different characteristics can be formed depending on the type of fiber. In other words, GFRP has a high degree of freedom in shape because the material is inexpensive and easy to adapt to various shapes. Moreover, since the curing time is relatively short, there is an advantage that it can be manufactured with a short delivery time. Although CFRP is more expensive than GFRP, it is superior in strength and can be reduced in weight by reducing the number of layers. Suitable for products that require strength and want to reduce weight. AFRP and KFRP are not easily cut and exhibit the most excellent strength. However, the characteristic that the fiber is “not easily cut” makes it difficult to form a free shape and is difficult to perform post-processing.

  The cup portion 24 may be formed by forging and then a thin portion is formed by cutting, or may be a pressed product of a thin plate material, and can be formed by various manufacturing methods. In addition, the cup part 24 and the shaft part 25 are composed of the cup part 24 and the shaft part 25 which are manufactured in separate processes, and then assembled together to easily produce the outer joint member 21 having a different shape and size. it can. Further, different shaft portions 25 can be assembled to the cup portion having the same shape and size. That is, the cup part 24 can be shared. In particular, if the cup portion 24 is a press-worked product, a product closer to the product shape can be formed at the stage of plastic working, and the machining allowance in post-processing such as turning can be reduced. Thereby, the yield of material improves.

  In addition, the cup portion 24 and the shaft portion 25 can be joined by various known publicly-known joining methods so that stable joining is possible.

  Thus, the tripod type constant velocity universal joint of the present invention can provide a constant velocity universal joint that can be reduced in weight by using an outer joint member that is reduced in weight. Moreover, the strength is not inferior to that of the conventional product. For this reason, if the tripod type constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member 21 of the present invention is used for a drive shaft, a propeller shaft, or the like, it is possible to constitute a structure capable of effectively reducing the weight.

  In each of the above embodiments, the outer joint member is a single roller type tripod type constant velocity universal joint with one roller. However, as the outer joint member, there are two rollers, an inner roller and an outer roller. It can be used for a double roller type tripod type constant velocity universal joint. Even the outer joint member of such a double roller type tripod type constant velocity universal joint can achieve the same effects as the outer joint member of each of the above embodiments.

  As described above, the embodiment of the present invention has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible. For example, the thickness and the axial length of the FRP layer 42 may be cups. Various selections can be made in consideration of the strength of the outer joint member to be formed based on the material of the portion 24, the thickness, the outer diameter, the material of the FRP layer 42, and the like. Further, in FIG. 1 and the like, the opening side (inlet side) is the thick part 43, but conversely, the opening side (inlet side) is the thin part and the FRP layer 42 is provided on this thin part. May be.

  When the FRP layer 42 is constituted by the FRP cylinder P, after the long FRP cylinder is formed, the long FRP cylinder is cut into a predetermined size to obtain the FRP cylinder P. You can make it. In such a manufacturing method, it is possible to form a plurality of FRP cylinders P at a time rather than individually molding FRP cylinders P having a predetermined size, and the productivity is excellent. In addition, when shape | molding a long FRP cylinder body in this way, it is preferable to set it as the range which does not produce a useless part when it cut | disconnects to a predetermined dimension, and does not bend.

  As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, when the cup portion 24 and the shaft portion 25 are joined by plastic bonding, the cross-sectional shape of the convex portion 66 is a cross-sectional triangle shape, a trapezoidal shape, a semicircular shape, a semi-elliptical shape, Various shapes such as a rectangular shape can be adopted, and the area and number of the protrusions 66, the circumferential arrangement pitch, and the like can be arbitrarily changed. That is, it is not necessary to form a spline and use the convex portion (convex tooth) of this spline as the convex portion 66 of the concave-convex fitting structure M, and it may be a key, and it is a curved corrugated combination. A surface may be formed. In short, the convex portion 66 arranged along the axial direction can be press-fitted into the mating side, and the concave portion 67 can be formed on the mating side with the convex portion 66 so as to be tightly fitted. The entire fitting contact portion between the portion 66 and the recess 66 fitted thereto may be in close contact.

  Since only the press-fitting start end portion of the convex portion 66 only needs to be harder than the portion where the concave portion 67 is formed, it is not necessary to increase the overall hardness of the convex portion 66. The hardness difference between the convex portion 66 side and the concave portion forming surface formed by the convex portion 66 is preferably 20 points or more in HRC, but less than 20 points if the convex portion 31 can be press-fitted. There may be.

  Although the end surface (press-fit start end) of the convex portion 66 is a surface orthogonal to the axial direction in the embodiment, it may be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the axial direction. In this case, it may be inclined from the inner diameter side toward the outer diameter side toward the anti-convex portion side or inclined toward the convex portion side.

21 outer joint member 22 tripod member 23 roller 24 cup portion 24a bottom wall 25 shaft portion 29 leg shaft 40a covering outer diameter surface 40 thin portion 41 small outer diameter portions 42, 42A, 42B FRP layer 42a outer diameter surface 43 thick portion 43a Outer diameter surface 45 Groove 50 Stopper 55 Reservoir portion P FRP cylinder

Claims (23)

An outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint provided with three track grooves extending in the axial direction on the inner periphery and provided with roller guide surfaces facing each other on the inner wall of each track groove,
A metal cup portion having the track groove formed on the inner periphery, a small outer diameter portion for forming a thin wall portion formed on the cup portion, and the small outer diameter portion covered with an FRP layer. An outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint.   The outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the back side of the cup part is a thin part and the opening part side is a thick part.   The outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a groove for mounting a boot is formed on the outer diameter surface of the thick portion on the opening side.   The tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a groove for mounting a boot is formed by the outer diameter surface of the thick wall portion on the opening side and the outer diameter surface of the FRP layer. Outer joint member.   5. The FRP layer is constituted by an FRP cylinder formed by winding a fiber infiltrated with a synthetic resin agent around a mandrel by a filament winding method and baking the fiber. 5. An outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1.   The FRP layer is composed of an FRP cylinder formed by winding a sheet of fiber infiltrated into a synthetic resin agent into a mandrel using a sheet winding method and then hardening the mandrel. The outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   The outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to claim 5 or 6, wherein an FRP cylinder is press-fitted into the cup portion.   The outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a plurality of FRP layers having different thicknesses.   Until the fiber has an orientation angle of + 5 ° to + 90 ° and −5 ° to −90 ° alternately arranged with respect to the axial direction, so that the fiber orientation angle of the FRP layer becomes a predetermined thickness. The outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the outer joint member is wound spirally.   The tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a stopper is provided on the outer diameter surface of the cup portion to prevent the FRP layer from coming off in the axial direction. Outer joint member. The tripod according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein an adhesive is interposed between a coated outer diameter surface of the cup portion covered with the FRP layer and an inner diameter surface of the FRP layer. Outer joint member of type constant velocity universal joint.   The outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to claim 11, wherein a reservoir portion in which an adhesive is accumulated is provided on a coated outer diameter surface of the cup portion.   13. An outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein an uneven portion by shot peening is formed on a coated outer diameter surface of the cup portion.   The outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein an uneven portion by knurling is formed on a coated outer diameter surface of the cup portion.   The outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a serrated uneven portion is formed on an outer surface of the cup portion.   The tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the cup portion is formed by forging and then the thin portion is formed by cutting. Outside joint member.   The outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the cup portion is a pressed product of a thin plate material.   The cup portion and a shaft portion projecting from the bottom wall of the cup portion, the cup portion is formed by press working, the shaft portion is formed by cutting and rolling, and the cup portion and the shaft portion. The outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the outer joint member is joined by friction welding.   The cup portion and a shaft portion projecting from the bottom wall of the cup portion, the cup portion is formed by press working, the shaft portion is formed by cutting and rolling, and the cup portion and the shaft portion. The outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein and are joined by laser welding.   The cup portion and a shaft portion projecting from the bottom wall of the cup portion, the cup portion is formed by press working, the shaft portion is formed by cutting and rolling, and the cup portion and the shaft portion. The outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein and are joined by arc welding.   The cup portion and a shaft portion projecting from the bottom wall of the cup portion, the cup portion is formed by press working, the shaft portion is formed by cutting and rolling, and the cup portion and the shaft portion. The outer joint member of the tripod type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein and are joined by plastic bonding.   An outer joint member provided with three track grooves extending in the axial direction on the inner periphery and provided with roller guide surfaces facing each other on the inner side wall of each track groove, a tripod member having three leg shafts, and the leg shaft A single-roller type tripod type constant velocity universal joint provided with a roller rotatably supported by the outer joint member and inserted into a track groove of the outer joint member. A tripod type constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member according to any one of claims 1 to 21. Tripod member having three track grooves extending in the axial direction on the inner periphery and an outer joint member having roller guide surfaces facing each other on the inner wall of each track groove, and three leg shafts projecting in the radial direction And an inner roller that is externally fitted to the leg shaft, and an outer roller that is inserted into the track groove and is externally fitted to the inner roller, wherein the outer roller is rotatable with respect to the leg shaft and In the double roller type tripod type constant velocity universal joint that can move along the roller guide surface,
A tripod type constant velocity universal joint, wherein the outer joint member according to any one of claims 1 to 21 is used as the outer joint member.

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