JP2011151410A - Electrolytic capacitor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrolytic capacitor which has such excellent reliability that an ESR is low, capacitance is large, and a withstand voltage is high. <P>SOLUTION: This electrolytic capacitor includes: a capacitor element composed by winding, through a separator, an anode foil formed with a dielectric oxide film and a cathode foil; a driving electrolyte impregnated in the capacitor element; a bottomed armoring case with the capacitor element stored therein; and a sealing material sealing an opening of the armoring case. The electrolytic capacitor is structured such that conductive polymer fine particles adhere to surfaces of the anode foil and the cathode foil and the fiber surfaces of the separator, and are filled in voids between the fibers of the separator, to be reduced from ends of the capacitor element toward the center thereof. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrolytic capacitor used in various electronic devices.

  With the increase in the frequency of electronic devices, there is a demand for a large-capacity electrolytic capacitor that is excellent in equivalent series resistance (hereinafter referred to as ESR) characteristics in the high-frequency region even in an electrolytic capacitor that is an electronic component. Recently, in order to reduce the ESR in this high frequency region, solid electrolytic capacitors using a solid electrolyte such as a conductive polymer with high electrical conductivity have been studied, and in response to the demand for larger capacity. On the other hand, a winding type solid electrolytic capacitor having a conductive polymer inside a capacitor element in which an anode foil and a cathode foil are wound with a separator interposed therebetween has been commercialized.

  In the wound solid electrolytic capacitor, a method of chemical oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer with ferric p-toluenesulfonate in order to form a conductive polymer inside the capacitor element, A method of chemically oxidatively polymerizing a pyrrole monomer with ferric chloride or persulfuric hydrochloric acid is generally known. These are characterized in that a reactive substance is impregnated inside the capacitor element to cause a reaction on the spot.

  On the other hand, a wound-type electrolytic capacitor (for example, see Patent Document 1) using both a solid electrolyte made of a conductive polymer and a driving electrolyte as a cathode lead material has been proposed. Even in this case, as in the case of the solid electrolytic capacitor, when the conductive polymer is formed, chemical oxidation polymerization is performed using a monomer, an oxidant, and a dopant impregnated in the capacitor element.

  In addition, an electrolytic capacitor in which a conductive polymer is formed in advance on a separator to form a capacitor element and the capacitor element is impregnated with a driving electrolyte (for example, see Patent Documents 2 and 3) has been proposed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-186110 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 01-090517 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-249543

  However, in a conventional wound type solid electrolytic capacitor, in order to form a conductive polymer inside the capacitor element, the capacitor element is impregnated with a reactive substance such as a monomer, a dopant, and an oxidant, and reacted on the spot. It was difficult to uniformly control the reaction inside the capacitor element. Therefore, in order to form the conductive polymer uniformly, a method of causing a reaction a plurality of times is required, and the process is complicated and the manufacturing cost is increased.

  In addition, since a chemical reaction takes place on the spot, there are reaction by-products and unreacted parts, and it is necessary to carry out a washing step in order to remove them. This cleaning step also needs to be performed every time according to the number of reactions, and thus is one of the causes of cost increase due to process complexity.

  Furthermore, since a conductive polymer with poor repairability of the dielectric oxide film is used, it is difficult to construct a capacitor with a high withstand voltage, and only a rated voltage of about 25 to 30 V can be obtained. In addition, even within this rated voltage range, there is a risk of sudden increase in leakage current during use or short circuit failure due to occurrence of dielectric oxide film defects. In order to improve short-circuiting, it is common to increase the withstand voltage by increasing the thickness of the oxide film, but in this case, the capacitance decreases as the oxide film thickness increases, and the capacitance per unit volume of the capacitor decreases. There is also a drawback that it is greatly reduced.

  In addition, since sodium persulfate and ferric p-toluenesulfonate, which are strong acids, are used as dopants and oxidants, it is difficult to completely remove impurities inside the capacitor even if a cleaning process is performed. . Since these impurities can adversely affect the oxide film as a strong acid, when used in a reduced pressure or humidity environment, the strong acid may be released into the water and corrode each member. difficult.

  On the other hand, an electrolytic capacitor using both a solid electrolyte composed of a conductive polymer and a driving electrolyte as a cathode lead material has been proposed. The process of forming a conductive polymer is the above-described wound solid electrolyte. Since the same method as the capacitor is used, impurities such as dopants and oxidizers that affect the pressure resistance and corrosiveness exist, and the impurities are easily diffused into the capacitor element due to the influence of the driving electrolyte, greatly improving reliability. descend. In addition, when a conductive polymer and a driving electrolyte are used, the electrical conductivity is remarkably lowered due to a phenomenon in which the dopant contained in the conductive polymer dissolves into the driving electrolyte, a so-called dedoping reaction, and reliability is improved. descend. Furthermore, since the conductive polymer is polymerized by a chemical reaction in the capacitor element, the conductive polymer is formed in the defective portion of the dielectric oxide film, and the ESR is reduced, but the driving electrolyte solution in the defective portion Therefore, it is difficult to increase the pressure resistance.

  Further, even in an electrolytic capacitor using a conductive separator and a driving electrolyte, only the separator is conductive, so that there is a problem that the contact resistance with the electrode foil is large and the effect of reducing ESR is small.

  An object of the present invention is to solve such a conventional problem and to provide an electrolytic capacitor excellent in reliability such as low ESR, large capacitance, and high withstand voltage, and a method for manufacturing the same. is there.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention was impregnated with a capacitor element formed by winding an anode foil on which a dielectric oxide film was formed and a cathode foil through a separator, and the capacitor element. A driving electrolyte; a bottomed outer case containing the capacitor element; and a sealing material that seals the opening of the outer case. The conductive polymer fine particles are centered from the end of the capacitor element. An electrolytic capacitor which is attached to the surface of the anode foil and the cathode foil and the fiber surface of the separator and filled in the gaps between the fibers of the separator, To do.

  In the present invention, conductive polymer fine particles adhere to the separator fiber surface, and the conductive polymer fine particles are filled between the separator fibers, and further, the conductive polymer fine particles adhere to the surfaces of the anode foil and the cathode foil. By using the electrolytic capacitor, the process can be simplified, and an electrolytic capacitor with low cost and low ESR can be obtained.

  In addition, by attaching and filling conductive polymer fine particles so as to decrease from the end of the capacitor element toward the center, the electrostatic polymer impregnated with the electrolyte is more than covered with the conductive polymer fine particles on the entire surface. The capacity can be efficiently extracted, and the dielectric film defect portion can be efficiently repaired with the electrolytic solution. The adhesion and filling ratio is preferably in the range of 10% to 50% per capacitor element volume from the end of the capacitor element toward the center.

  Further, by forming oxide, carbide, nitride, or the like on the surface of the cathode foil, the adhesion of the conductive polymer fine particles is improved, and the ESR can be further reduced. This is considered to be because the affinity of the conductive polymer fine particles with oxides, carbides, nitrides, and the like is better than that of a metal such as an aluminum foil that is usually used.

  In addition to the conductive polymer particles as the electrolyte, the driving electrolyte is used, so the driving electrolyte is easily impregnated into the fine etching pits formed by etching. It can be pulled out. In addition, since the conductive polymer fine particles are produced by adsorbing particles to the electrode surface, unlike the conductive polymer formed by chemical polymerization, the conductive polymer is not formed up to the inside of the etching pit. Therefore, the defective portion of the dielectric film does not enter, and the defective portion of the dielectric film is efficiently repaired with the driving electrolyte, and an electrolytic capacitor having a high withstand voltage is obtained.

  In addition, by using an amidine salt as an electrolyte in the driving electrolyte, the amidine salt remains inside the capacitor even after a long high temperature test, so that the restorability of the oxide film is maintained. Thereby, a short-circuit does not occur even after a long-term high-temperature test, and a highly reliable capacitor can be obtained. In addition, the presence of more acid component in the driving electrolyte than the base component suppresses deterioration of the conductive polymer even in the high temperature test. This is due to the suppression of dedoping of the dopant material contained in the conductive polymer. In general, since the dopant uses an acidic substance such as sulfonic acid, if there is an alkali component such as amidine in the driving electrolyte solution, the dopant easily moves from the conductive polymer to the electrolyte solution side. Such a de-doping reaction significantly reduces the electrical conductivity of the conductive polymer, so that more acid component is present in the driving electrolyte than the base component, and the acid state is maintained, so that de-doping is suppressed and reliable. It is possible to obtain a highly efficient capacitor.

  Further, by adding a surfactant to the dispersion liquid in which the conductive polymer fine particles are dispersed, the impregnation property is improved, the conductive polymer fine particles are easily filled in the capacitor element, and the chemical polymerization reaction is performed in the capacitor element. The conductive polymer particles can be easily formed in the capacitor element without being generated. As a result, the process is simplified, and an electrolytic capacitor with low cost and low ESR can be obtained.

  As described above, conductive polymer fine particles are attached to the fiber surface of the separator, and conductive polymer fine particles are filled between the separator fibers and used in combination with the driving electrolyte solution. Therefore, an electrolytic capacitor having both low ESR and high reliability can be obtained.

The fragmentary sectional perspective view which showed the structure of the electrolytic capacitor by one embodiment of this invention

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

  FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing the structure of an electrolytic capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the capacitor element 9 has a dielectric oxide film formed by anodizing after roughening the surface by etching. The anode foil 1 made of the formed aluminum foil and the cathode foil 2 obtained by etching the aluminum foil at least are wound with a separator 3 interposed therebetween. An anode lead 4 and a cathode lead 5 for external lead-out are connected to the anode foil 1 and the cathode foil 2, respectively.

  The capacitor element 9 is inserted into a metal case 7 made of bottomed cylindrical aluminum, and the opening of the metal case 7 is sealed with a sealing member 6 having a hole through which the anode lead 4 and the cathode lead 5 are inserted. Consisting of

  In addition, in order to use the electrolytic capacitor for surface mounting, an insulating seat plate 8 made of an insulating resin is mounted on the sealing member 6 side with a hole through which the anode lead 4 and the cathode lead 5 are inserted. The anode lead 4 and the cathode lead 5 are bent along a groove provided on the outer surface 8 to obtain an electrolytic capacitor for surface mounting.

  The capacitor element 9 has conductive polymer fine particles (not shown) attached and filled between the fiber surface of the separator 3 and between the fibers, and is impregnated with a driving electrolyte.

The separator 3 can be made of a material such as cellulosic fiber or chemical fiber. In particular, cellulosic fibers are thermally stable and have excellent reliability because there are no defective portions such as pinholes when paper is made with a density of 0.4 g / cm ³ or less. Since the fiber diameter of chemical fibers can be freely controlled, it is possible to control the separator density to match the size of the conductive polymer fine particles.

When the density of the separator 3 exceeds 0.4 g / cm ³ , a substance having a molecular level such as a solution is easily impregnated in the capacitor element, but the conductive polymer fine particles having a size of submicron or less. Since it becomes difficult to enter the voids of the separator 3 and it is impossible to lower the ESR, the density of the separator 3 is preferably 0.4 g / cm ³ or less.

  As the conductive polymer fine particles, conductive polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline or the like can be used, and the size of the fine particles is preferably 1 μm or less in diameter. When fine particles having a diameter of 1 μm or more are used, it is difficult to reduce the ESR because it is difficult to fill the voids of the separator 3 with fine particles.

  The conductive polymer fine particles are attached to and filled in the separator 3 using a dispersion liquid in which the fine particles are dispersed. As a solvent for this dispersion, a low viscosity solvent such as water or a lower alcohol is preferable. Furthermore, the higher the volatility, the easier it is to remove the solvent after impregnating the capacitor element with the solvent of the fine particles, and therefore the effect of filling the conductive polymer fine particles is enhanced.

  Moreover, the filling to the separator 3 can be further enhanced by adding a surfactant to the dispersion. As the surfactant to be added, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, or a nonionic surfactant can be used.

  As the cathode foil 2, an aluminum foil is generally used. However, when an aluminum foil having an aluminum oxide formed on the surface by chemical conversion treatment is used, the conductive polymer fine particles are easy to adhere and the ESR is reduced. It becomes easy. In addition to the aluminum oxide, an oxide of titanium or silicon can be formed by a sol-gel method or the like.

  As the solvent of the driving electrolyte, alcohols [methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclobutanol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, methoxypropylene glycol, glycol polycondensation Amide system [N-methylformamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-ethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N-methylacetamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, etc.] as an aprotic organic solvent Lactones [γ-butyrolactone, β-butyrolactone, α-valerolactone, γ-valerolactone, etc.], sulfoxides [sulfolane, 3-methylsulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide] and the like. That. Among these, γ-butyrolactone, ethylene glycol, and sulfolane are thermally stable, and even when a capacitor reliability test is performed in a high-temperature environment, the evaporation of the driving electrolyte solution is small. In an electrolytic capacitor using molecules, it exhibits excellent short-circuit resistance during dry-up.

  The base component of the electrolyte component is a compound having an alkyl-substituted amidine group, such as an imidazole compound, a benzimidazole compound, and an alicyclic amidine compound (pyrimidine compound, imidazoline compound), and also having an alkyl-substituted amidine group. Quaternary salts of compounds can also be used, and examples thereof include imidazole compounds, benzimidazole compounds, and alicyclic amidine compounds (pyrimidine compounds and imidazoline compounds) quaternized with an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl group. It is done. In particular, the amidine compound forms a molten salt with an acid, and thus has low volatility. Since the electrolyte tends to remain when the driving electrolyte is dried up, the amidine compound exhibits excellent short-circuit resistance. Further, compared with quaternary ammonium salts, the alkalinity is low, so that the liquid leakage resistance at high temperature and high humidity is excellent, and the dedoping property is also good. Tertiary amines and the like are also effective in the dedoping reaction because of their low alkalinity, and short-circuit resistance during dry-up can be ensured by combining with a low-volatile solvent.

  As the acid component of the electrolyte, aliphatic carboxylic acid: ([saturated carboxylic acid such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,6 -Decanedicarboxylic acid, 5,6-decanedicarboxylic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, behen Acid], [unsaturated carboxylic acid such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, itotanic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, oleic acid]), aromatic carboxylic acid: (eg phthalic acid, salicylic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellit Acid, pyromellitic acid, benzoic acid, resorcinic acid, cinnamic acid, naphthoic acid), etc. It is a thermally stable high conductivity, phthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, maleic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, and organic acids such as resorcin acid. Complexes with organic acids using inorganic boron can also be used because they are effective in suppressing the dedoping reaction. In addition to these carboxylic acids, the acidity of the electrolyte increases by adding carboxylic acid nitro derivatives and sulfonic acid derivatives, inorganic acid phosphoric acid derivatives and boric acid derivatives to the number of moles of the above basic components. The effect of suppressing the dedoping reaction can be exhibited.

  Next, specific examples of this embodiment will be described.

Example 1
An anode foil composed of an aluminum foil having a dielectric oxide film (formation voltage 45 V) formed by roughening the surface by etching and then anodizing, and a cathode foil obtained by etching the aluminum foil are separated from a cellulose separator (base A capacitor element was obtained by winding with a material thickness of 50 μm and a density of 0.40 g / cm ³ ). The obtained capacitor element was immersed in a 2% dispersion (isopropyl alcohol solution) of conductive polythiophene polymer fine particles (40 nm) and brought into a reduced pressure state, whereby the fine particles were placed in the capacitor elements (on the fiber surface and between the fibers of the separator and between the fibers). The surface of both electrode foils) was filled. Then, it was left for 5 minutes at an ambient temperature of 60 ° C., and further left for 10 minutes at a temperature of 120 ° C. to remove excess water.

  Subsequently, the capacitor element was made of phthalic 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolinium salt (concentration 25 wt%), p-nitrobenzoic acid (concentration 0.5 wt%), monobutyl phosphate (concentration 0.5). %)) Was immersed in a γ-butyrolactone solution (hereinafter referred to as “driving electrolyte A”) under reduced pressure conditions, and the electrolytic solution A for driving was impregnated in the voids of the capacitor element. The number of moles of the acid component and the base component in the electrolyte of the driving electrolyte A is 1: 0.97.

  Next, after inserting the capacitor element into a bottomed cylindrical aluminum case, the opening of the aluminum case was sealed with a resin vulcanized butyl rubber sealing material, and further led out from the anode foil and the cathode foil, respectively. Both leads were passed through an insulating seat plate made of polyphenylene sulfide, and the lead portion was bent flat to fix the insulating seat plate.

  Finally, aging was performed by applying a DC voltage of 35 V continuously for 1 h (atmosphere temperature: 105 ° C.) to produce a surface mount type electrolytic capacitor (size: diameter 10 mm × height 10 mm).

(Example 2)
An electrolytic capacitor was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a cellulose separator (a substrate thickness of 50 μm, a density of 0.25 / cm ³ ) was used.

(Example 3)
An electrolytic capacitor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1% by weight of an anionic surfactant (polystyrene sulfonic acid) was added to the dispersant solution.

Example 4
An electrolytic capacitor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aluminum conversion foil having 2V conversion applied to the cathode foil was used in Example 1.

(Example 5)
An electrolytic capacitor was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4% by weight of pyromellitic acid, which is an organic acid, was added to the driving electrolyte A in Example 1. In addition, the number of moles of the acid component and the base component of the electrolyte of the driving electrolyte solution is 1: 0.9.

(Comparative Example 1)
As in Example 1, an anode foil made of an aluminum foil having a dielectric oxide film (formation voltage 45 V) formed by roughening the surface by etching and then anodizing, and a cathode foil obtained by etching the aluminum foil And a cellulose separator (substrate thickness 50 μm, density 0.40 g / cm ³ ) were wound to obtain a capacitor element. Then, the capacitor element is impregnated with a mixed solution of thiophene monomer and p-toluenesulfonic acid ferric oxide butanol solution. did. Thereafter, after inserting the capacitor element into a bottomed cylindrical aluminum case, the opening of the aluminum case was sealed by a curling treatment with a resin vulcanized butyl rubber sealing material, and both the anode foil and the cathode foil were led out, respectively. The lead was passed through an insulating seat plate made of polyphenylene sulfide, and the lead portion was bent flat to fix the insulating seat plate.

  Finally, aging was performed by applying a DC voltage of 35 V continuously for 1 h (atmosphere temperature: 105 ° C.) to produce a surface mount type electrolytic capacitor (size: diameter 10 mm × height 10 mm).

(Comparative Example 2)
An electrolytic capacitor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a cellulose separator (base material thickness: 50 μm, density: 0.5 / cm ³ ) was used.

(Comparative Example 3)
An electrolytic capacitor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a γ-butyrolactone solution of quaternary ammonium phthalate was used as the driving electrolyte in Example 1.

(Comparative Example 4)
In Example 1, an electrolytic capacitor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolinium, which is the basic component of the driving electrolyte A, was increased by 2% by weight. did. The number of moles of the acid component and the base component in the electrolyte of the driving electrolyte is 1: 1.2.

  Twenty aluminum electrolytic capacitors of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 described above were produced, and a 35 V voltage application test was performed at 105 ° C. as a life test. The results are shown in (Table 1). The ESR characteristic was measured at 100 kHz.

  As is clear from Table 1, the electrolytic capacitor of Example 1 of the present invention is filled with the conductive polymer dispersion concentrated on the end of the capacitor element. Compared to the electrolytic capacitor of Comparative Example 1 in which a polymer is formed, it can be seen that the capacitor has a high capacitance, changes in characteristics after a high temperature test, and is highly reliable. It can also be seen that the use of a low-density separator as in Example 2 improves the impregnation property of the conductive polymer dispersion and lowers the initial ESR compared to the electrolytic capacitor of Comparative Example 2. Further, by adding a surfactant to the dispersion solution as in Example 3, the impregnation into the capacitor element is improved and the initial ESR is lowered. Furthermore, it can be seen that the initial ESR is further reduced by forming an oxide on the cathode foil as in Example 4.

  In addition, since the electrolytic capacitors of Examples 1 to 5 use an amidine salt electrolyte for the driving electrolyte A, the aluminum oxide film of the electrolytic capacitor of Comparative Example 3 is also better in the dry-up state after high temperature deterioration. It has a repairing action, has a stable leakage current LC, is excellent in short-circuit resistance, and has an acid component of the driving electrolyte A added excessively as in Example 5, so that Comparative Example 4 Compared with the electrolytic capacitor, the ESR change after high temperature deterioration becomes very small.

  In the present invention, the capacitor element is impregnated with a conductive polymer dispersion, so that low ESR is possible. In addition, the effect of the electrolytic solution is combined with characteristics such as higher capacity, higher breakdown voltage, and higher reliability. It became possible to obtain an electrolytic capacitor.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Anode foil 2 Cathode foil 3 Separator 4 Anode lead 5 Cathode lead 6 Sealing member 7 Metal case 8 Seat plate 9 Capacitor element

Claims (3)

A capacitor element formed by winding an anode foil having a dielectric oxide film formed thereon and a cathode foil through a separator, a driving electrolyte impregnated in the capacitor element, and the capacitor element are accommodated The anode foil so that the conductive polymer fine particles are reduced from the end of the capacitor element toward the center, and the bottomed outer case and a sealing material sealing the opening of the outer case. The electrolytic capacitor is attached to the surface of the cathode foil and the fiber surface of the separator and is filled in the gap between the fibers of the separator. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer fine particles are adhered and filled in a range of 10% to 50% per volume of the capacitor element. 2. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein a density of the separator is 0.4 g / cm ³ or less and a diameter of the conductive polymer fine particles is 1 μm or less.

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