JP2011142829A - Plant cultivation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant cultivation system including a hydrophilic film as a culture medium, and individually managing nutritious liquid component to be supplied to a plant body. <P>SOLUTION: This plant cultivation system 1 includes each kind of nutritious liquid component to be supplied to a plant body 3 in a separate three-dimensional structure 2 having a hydrophilic film. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant cultivation system including a hydrophilic film as a medium, and more particularly to a plant cultivation system capable of individually managing and / or additionally fertilizing fertilizer components in a nutrient solution supplied to a plant body.

  In recent years, the influence of extreme weather and water shortages due to global warming has made it difficult to use conventional outdoor cultivation that depends on rainfall, and attention has been focused on facility-cultivated agriculture that enables stable planned production of crops. Institutional farming is largely classified into hydroponics and hydroponics. However, hydroponics has problems such as high equipment costs, poor taste of the resulting crops, and easy infection with bacteria and viruses. Hydroponic cultivation has problems such as plant contamination caused by soil contamination with nematodes, disease bacteria, and chemical fertilizers, and difficulty in controlling the amount of nutrient solution supplied to the plant body.

  In order to solve these problems, a new plant cultivation system for cultivating plants has been developed.

  Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe a plant cultivation system that uses a hydrophilic film as a culture medium. In the plant cultivation system, by directly cultivating the plant body on the upper surface of the hydrophilic film, there is no need to install a water tank for storing water or nutrient solution as in hydroponics, and as in hydroponic culture. Since the plant can be grown without direct contact between the soil and the plant, a safe crop can be produced at low cost.

  Patent Document 3 describes a plant cultivation apparatus that performs irrigation on a plant body using a water supply tube. In the plant cultivation apparatus, the plant body can be efficiently cultivated by minimizing the use of water and soil resources by cultivating the plant body in the cultivation hole provided in the water supply tube.

  However, in conventional plant cultivation systems and plant cultivation devices, only means for supplying the nutrient solution uniformly to the plant body is provided, and excess or deficiency of the fertilizer components in the nutrient solution has occurred.

  The fertilizer components contained in the nutrient solution are not all taken into the plant in the same manner (that is, at the same rate) (Non-Patent Document 1). Therefore, when complex fertilizer is used in the nutrient solution, the intake rate of various fertilizer components by the plant body is different, so the composition of the fertilizer component in the nutrient solution changes over time, which causes an excess or deficiency of the fertilizer component. It caused poor growth of the body.

  In the prior art, it is difficult to detect the components to be additionally fertilized in the nutrient solution and individually add fertilizer, and it is only possible to additionally fertilize the complex fertilizer including the components, which further increases the amount of fertilizer due to some components. It was. Therefore, an efficient nutrient solution supply means has been demanded in this field.

Japanese Patent No. 4142725 JP 2006-180837 A JP 2002-223648

Toshihiro Kato, “Practical Fertilization Management Utilizing Nutrient Absorption Characteristics”, Agricultural Technology System, Vegetable Edition, Volume 12, Common Technology / Advanced Technology, Supplement No. 27, 2002

  The present invention provides a plant cultivation system provided with a hydrophilic film as a culture medium, and capable of individually managing and / or topdressing fertilizer components in a nutrient solution supplied to a plant body on the film.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have supplied various kinds of fertilizer components required for the plant body to the plant body by including them in a three-dimensional structure provided with a separate hydrophilic film. It has been found that various fertilizer components can be individually managed and / or additionally fertilized for each three-dimensional structure, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1] A plant cultivation system comprising at least two or more three-dimensional structures provided with a hydrophilic film, each containing at least two or more nutrient solutions having different compositions in the separate three-dimensional structures. The above plant cultivation system.
[2] The plant cultivation system according to [1], wherein the three-dimensional structure has a tube structure made of a hydrophilic film, and includes a nutrient solution in its lumen.
[3] The plant cultivation system according to [1] or [2], further including a water storage unit that supplies a nutrient solution to the three-dimensional structure.
[4] The plant cultivation system according to any one of [1] to [3], comprising a sensor for detecting a change in the concentration of the fertilizer component in the nutrient solution.
[5] The plant cultivation system according to [4], wherein the sensor for detecting the concentration change of the fertilizer component in the nutrient solution is an EC sensor.
[6] The plant cultivation system according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein at least one of the nutrient solutions is a nutrient solution mainly composed of a single fertilizer.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION By this invention, the plant cultivation system which provides a hydrophilic film as a culture medium which can manage and / or additionally fertilize the fertilizer component in the nutrient solution supplied to a plant body can be provided.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a plant cultivation system 1 including a plurality of three-dimensional structures 2. FIG. 2: shows the schematic diagram of the plant cultivation system 1 provided with the some three-dimensional structure 2 from which the composition of the nutrient solution to contain differs. (A) The plant cultivation system 1 provided with the some three-dimensional structure 2 containing the nutrient solution and water which contain various single fertilizers as a main component. (B) The plant cultivation system 1 provided with the some three-dimensional structure 2 containing the nutrient solution containing various fertilizer components so that the fertilizer component which a plant body ingests with the growth of the plant body 3 increases. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the plant cultivation system 1 including the water storage unit 4. FIG. 4: shows the schematic diagram of the plant cultivation system 1 provided with the sensor 5 for detecting the density | concentration change of the fertilizer component in a nutrient solution.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the invention shown in the drawings shows one embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention to these inventions.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the plant cultivation system 1 of the present invention includes at least two three-dimensional structures 2 each having a hydrophilic film, and can cultivate the plant body 3 on the surface of the hydrophilic film.

  The hydrophilic film is made of a hydrophilic material, and the hydrophilic material itself can hold a large amount of moisture (nutrient solution). The plant 3 adheres its root (particularly root hair) to the surface of the hydrophilic film. The nutrient solution can be ingested and grown from the hydrophilic film by being substantially integrated.

  “Substantially integrated” refers to a state in which the root hair cells of the plant 3 are adhered to the surface of the hydrophilic film, and “adhesion” can be defined as follows according to a known technique (Patent No. 1). No. 4142725). Plants 3 are planted on the surface of the film, and after 35 days, the foliage is cut at the roots of the plants 3. The film under the plant body 3 is cut into a width of 5 cm (length: about 20 cm) so that the stem of the plant body 3 is substantially in the center, and used as a test piece. After fixing one end of the test piece to a spring-type hand balance with a clip and measuring the weight of the test piece, hold the stem at the center of the test piece with your hand and gently lower it downward. Measure the weight when leaving (or being cut). The value of the test piece's own weight is subtracted from this value, and the obtained value is taken as the peel strength. “Adhesion” refers to a state in which the peel strength measured in this way is 10 g or more, preferably 30 g or more, particularly preferably 100 g or more. By this method, it is possible to test whether or not the plant body 3 and the film are “integrated”.

  The hydrophilic film preferably has the following physical properties in order to promote intake of nutrient solution of the plant body 3 and integration of the root of the plant body 3 with the film through the film.

  When the hydrophilic film is brought into contact with water and salt water (0.5% by mass) through the film, the electric conductivity of the water side and the salt water side measured at the cultivation temperature 4 days after the start of measurement. The difference (hereinafter referred to as EC) is preferably 4.5 dS / m or less. The EC difference is preferably 3.5 dS / m or less. Particularly preferably, it is 2.0 dS / m or less. This EC difference can be measured as follows according to a method known to those skilled in the art (Japanese Patent No. 4142725). Using the “Zaru Bowl Set”, place the hydrophilic film (size: 200 to 260 × 200 to 260 mm) to be tested on the sieve and add 150 g of water onto the film. On the other hand, 150 g of 0.5% salt water (EC: about 9 dS / m) is added to the bowl side, and the resulting system is wrapped in food wrap to prevent evaporation of moisture. In this state, it is allowed to stand at room temperature, and ECs on the water side and salt water side are measured every 24 hours.

  The hydrophilic film has a sugar content (Brix%) on the water side and glucose solution side measured at the cultivation temperature on the third day (72 hours) after the start of measurement when the film is brought into contact with water and the glucose solution. ) Is preferably 4 or less. The difference in sugar content (Brix%) is more preferably 3 or less. More preferably, it is 2 or less, and particularly preferably 1.5 or less. This difference in sugar content (Brix%) can be measured as follows according to a method known to those skilled in the art (Japanese Patent No. 4142725). Using the “salted bowl set” similar to the above salt water test, a hydrophilic film to be tested (size: 200 to 260 × 200 to 260 mm) is placed on the strain and 150 g of water is added onto the film. On the other hand, 150 g of 5% glucose solution is added to the bowl side, and the entire system obtained is wrapped in food wrap to prevent evaporation of moisture. In this state, it is left at room temperature, and the sugar content (Brix%) on the water side and glucose solution side is measured with a saccharimeter every 24 hours.

  The hydrophilic film preferably has a water impermeability of 10 cm or more as a water pressure resistance. The water pressure resistance is more preferably 20 cm or more, and further preferably 30 cm or more. The water pressure resistance can be measured by a method according to JIS L1092 (Method B) based on a method known to those skilled in the art.

  Such a hydrophilic film can absorb and maintain nutrients such as various ions, amino acids and sugars, but can exclude bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the water or nutrient solution which a hydrophilic film hold | maintains is not contaminated, and the plant body on the said film can be grown safely.

  You may introduce | transduce a hydroxyl group (OH group) to a hydrophilic film as needed. This improves the adhesion of root hair cells to the hydrophilic film surface, makes it easier to ingest water or nutrient solution retained in the hydrophilic film, and promotes plant growth and nutritional value. It becomes.

  As long as it has the above-mentioned properties, the hydrophilic film may be formed of any material, and can be appropriately selected from known hydrophilic materials. Although it does not specifically limit, As a material which forms a hydrophilic film, hydrophilic materials, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellophane, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, ethyl cellulose, polyester, can be used. Preferably, Himec film (Meviol Co., Ltd.) is used. The hydrophilic film may be a material coated with the hydrophilic material (preferably plate-shaped, for example, fiber, wood, metal, glass, ceramic, stone, resin, etc., although not particularly limited).

  The thickness of the hydrophilic film can be appropriately selected without any particular limitation. Preferably, the thickness of the hydrophilic film is about 300 μm or less.

  The kind of the plant body 3 that can be cultivated in the plant cultivation system 1 is not particularly limited. Preferably, the kind which requires the strict management of the amount of irrigation, for example, a fruit tree, a tomato, etc. are mentioned. Fruits such as fruit trees and tomatoes are known to increase sweetness by reducing the amount of irrigation.

  The “plant body” in the present invention refers to a plant seedling, seed, leaf, stem, root, flower, bulb or part thereof or a combination thereof. When the plant body 3 is planted on the hydrophilic film, an appropriate support such as soil or polystyrene foam may be appropriately disposed on the upper surface of the hydrophilic film.

  The three-dimensional structure 2 only needs to include the hydrophilic film on at least the planting surface of the plant body, and the whole may be made of a hydrophilic material, or may be hydrophobic as described in detail below. It may be provided with a functional material. Preferably, the three-dimensional structure 2 is made of a hydrophilic film, and is folded by fixing the hydrophilic film, or by fixing with heat fusion, an adhesive, or physical means (string, clip, stapler, etc.) Alternatively, a desired three-dimensional shape is formed by cutting a molded product (for example, a tubular molded product) and bonding the ends thereof, or by utilizing other known molding methods.

  The three-dimensional structure 2 can contain a nutrient solution inside. The “inside” of the three-dimensional structure 2 includes the lumen and the lumen that is completely or partially filled with an appropriate material (for example, the water retaining member described below).

  The three-dimensional structure 2 is formed so as to have a lumen, and the shape thereof is not particularly limited, and may include a spherical shape, a polygonal shape, a bag (bag) shape, a column shape, a box shape, a tube shape, or a shape including a combination thereof. Can be mentioned. Preferably, the three-dimensional structure 2 has a tube-like shape, and its end may be closed, or may be connected to a water storage section 4 described in detail below. By making the shape of the three-dimensional structure 2 into a tube shape, the nutrient solution contained in the lumen can efficiently contact the hydrophilic film, and the nutrient solution can be efficiently supplied to the hydrophilic film. Can do. In addition, when a plurality of three-dimensional structures 2 are arranged, if the shape of the three-dimensional structure 2 is a tube shape, the range in which the roots of the plant body 3 can extend can be secured widely in length and width. It can be stably extended.

  The size of the three-dimensional structure 2 is not particularly limited, but is appropriately determined according to the root region of the plant body 3 to be planted so that a plurality of types of nutrient solutions can be taken from a predetermined number of three-dimensional structures 2. Can do. If the shape of the three-dimensional structure 2 is a tube shape, it is not particularly limited, but a diameter of 1 to 300 mm and a length of 3 to 30 m are preferable. The diameter is larger than the lump of soil that constitutes the aggregate structure in which plants normally grow, and the size that allows the installation of multiple three-dimensional structures within the length of a typical cocoon based on the productivity per unit area after installation. Smaller is desirable. The length is preferably longer than the root length of general crops, and shorter than the length of the greenhouse in consideration of carrying, daily cleaning, and damage confirmation work.

  At least two or more three-dimensional structures 2 are provided in the plant cultivation system 1, and the number of the three-dimensional structures 2 depends on the type of nutrient solution supplied to the plant body 3, the variety of the plant body 3, the planting time and growth status, and the cultivation plan. Based on this, it can be determined appropriately.

  In the three-dimensional structure 2, a water retaining member may be disposed in the inner cavity in close contact with the hydrophilic film. The water retaining member holds the supplied nutrient solution and assists the supply of the nutrient solution to the close hydrophilic film. Any material can be used as the water retaining member as long as it can absorb and retain the nutrient solution, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, a crosslinked polysodium acrylate gel, PVA, a nonwoven fabric, and a porous material. The water retaining member may be disposed so as to fill the lumen of the three-dimensional structure 2.

  The three-dimensional structure 2 may include a structure support as necessary. The “structural support” functions as a framework of the three-dimensional structure 2 and can impart physical stability to the three-dimensional structure 2, preventing deformation due to its own weight and weight by the plant body 3 or nutrient solution, The operation of the original structure 2 is facilitated. The structural support can be formed from a hydrophobic material. The hydrophobic material is not particularly limited, and can be formed from wood, metal, glass, ceramic, stone, resin, and the like. The structural support made of a hydrophobic material may be arranged on a part of the three-dimensional structure 2 or form the three-dimensional structure 2 so as to form the shape of the three-dimensional structure 2 together with the hydrophilic film. It may be arranged inside the hydrophilic film. Alternatively, the hydrophilic film can be used as a structural support by imparting physical stability to the hydrophilic film. By cross-linking (crosslinking structure) between the molecules of the hydrophilic material constituting the hydrophilic film, the crystallinity of the hydrophilic material can be increased, and physical stability can be imparted to the hydrophilic film. Thereby, a hydrophilic film can function as a structure support in the three-dimensional structure 2. Crosslinking of the molecules constituting the hydrophilic material can be performed by adding a crosslinking agent to the hydrophilic material. As the cross-linking agent, a general one known to those skilled in the art can be used, and can be appropriately selected according to the hydrophilic material to be used and the desired degree of cross-linking. Examples of the known crosslinking agent include, but are not limited to, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, dialdehyde starch, water-soluble epoxy compound, methylol compound and the like.

  The plant cultivation system 1 of the present invention includes at least two kinds of nutrient solutions having different compositions in the separate three-dimensional structures 2. However, it is not necessary that all three-dimensional structures 2 included in the plant cultivation system 1 include nutrient solutions having different compositions, and there are three-dimensional structures 2 including nutrient solutions having the same composition. Also good.

  As used herein, “nutrient solution” means liquid fertilizer containing water or components known to be useful as plant fertilizer components alone or in combination. Ingredients known to be useful as plant fertilizer components include, for example, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), carbon ( C), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), chlorine (Cl), sodium ( Examples thereof include elements such as Na), silicon (Si), cobalt (Co), and aluminum (Al). In the nutrient solution, these elements may exist in various forms such as an ionic form, a molecular form, and a salt form.

  By planting so that the root of the plant body 3 is in close contact with the surface (specifically, a hydrophilic film) of at least two or more three-dimensional structures 2 having different compositions of the nutrient solution to be contained, At least two kinds of nutrient solutions can be supplied (FIG. 2A).

  In addition, depending on the components in the nutrient solution, there are those that are often ingested by the plant body 3, and conversely, those that are not much ingested, but by including each nutrient solution in a separate three-dimensional structure 2, the plant body It is possible to detect only the components that are often ingested in No. 3, and to efficiently add and supplement only those components.

  Further, by changing the nutrient solution included in the three-dimensional structure 2 with respect to the planting position of the plant body 3, it is possible to supply and manage the planned nutrient solution according to the growth of the plant body 3. For example, as shown in FIG. 2 (B), a nutrient solution containing main fertilizer components (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K)) is placed at the planting position of plant body 3 or at a position proximal thereto. A three-dimensional structure 2 including a three-dimensional structure 2 including a nutrient solution containing a three-dimensional structure 2 and a micro-fertilizer component (magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn)). By placing the three-dimensional structure 2 containing a nutrient solution containing nitrogen (N) as a main component at a position distal to the planting position of the plant, the plant 3 that has just been planted has a narrow root area, so the main fertilizer Although it can only ingest nutrient solution from the three-dimensional structure 2 including the nutrient solution containing the component and the three-dimensional structure 2 including the nutrient solution containing the trace fertilizer component, the root zone as the plant body 3 grows When it spreads out, the tertiary containing the nutrient solution mainly composed of nitrogen arranged distal to the planting position It is possible to ingest a nutrient solution from the structure 2. In addition, a three-dimensional structure 2 containing a nutrient solution containing water or a fertilizer component having a low concentration is placed at a planting position of the plant body 3 or a position near the planting position, and the concentration of the three-dimensional structure 2 is located at a position distal to the planting position. By arranging the three-dimensional structure 2 containing a nutrient solution containing a high fertilizer component, the root region spreads to the three-dimensional structure 2 arranged distally as the plant body 3 grows, and the concentration is high. A nutrient solution containing a fertilizer component can be absorbed, and a large amount of the fertilizer component can be supplied in the late growth stage of the plant body 3. Conversely, a three-dimensional structure 2 containing a nutrient solution containing a fertilizer component having a high concentration is placed at a planting position of the plant body 3 or a position near the planting position, and water or concentration is low at a position distal to the planting position. By arranging the three-dimensional structure 2 including a nutrient solution containing a fertilizer component, a large amount of fertilizer can be supplied at the early growth stage of the plant body. As described above, the composition of the nutrient solution and the arrangement position of the three-dimensional structure 2 including the nutrient solution can be appropriately determined according to the variety of the plant body 3, the time of planting, and the growth state.

  The three-dimensional structures 2 containing nutrient solutions having different compositions are arranged at intervals without contacting each other in order to prevent mixing of the nutrient solutions. The three-dimensional structure 2 may be arranged on one plane or may be arranged three-dimensionally. For example, it can arrange | position on one plane so that the long axis of the three-dimensional structure 2 may become parallel.

  The whole or a part of the three-dimensional structure 2 may be colored with a different color according to the nutrient components contained therein. By coloring the three-dimensional structure 2 with different colors, it is possible to clearly distinguish the contained components and avoid confusion.

  The three-dimensional structure 2 can be colored using a known coloring pigment or coloring dye. A natural dye or a synthetic dye can be used as the colored dye. As for the color pigment, natural inorganic pigments and synthetic inorganic pigments can be used as inorganic pigments, and azo pigments and polycyclic pigments can be used as organic pigments. The color pigments and dyes that can be used are preferably those that are insoluble or hardly soluble in water. By using a coloring pigment or coloring dye that is insoluble or hardly soluble in water, the coloring pigment or coloring dye is not dissolved in the nutrient solution contained in the three-dimensional structure 2, and the influence on the plant 3 is suppressed. be able to.

  The three-dimensional structure 2 may be colored by applying the above-described color pigments or coloring dyes to the surface of the three-dimensional structure 2, or the material constituting the three-dimensional structure 2, that is, the hydrophilicity constituting the hydrophilic film. You may carry out by mixing with a material and hydrophobic material.

  The nutrient solution can be contained by filling the inside of the three-dimensional structure 2 in a solid, liquid, or gel state. Alternatively, a nutrient solution may be included in the water storage unit 4 provided in communication with the three-dimensional structure 2, and the nutrient solution may be supplied from there to the inside of the three-dimensional structure 2 (FIG. 3). When the water storage unit 4 is used, it is possible to easily grasp the remaining amount of the nutrient solution and add the nutrient solution, and to prevent the supply of the nutrient solution from stagnation.

  The water reservoir 4 is formed of a suitable material that can contain a nutrient solution, and can be formed of, for example, wood, metal, glass, ceramic, stone, resin, and combinations thereof (not particularly limited thereto). The water storage unit 4 may have any shape as long as the nutrient solution can be supplied to the inside of the three-dimensional structure 2, and in order to efficiently supply the nutrient solution to the three-dimensional structure 2, It is preferable to communicate with the three-dimensional structure 2 at or near the bottom surface. Further, the water storage unit 4 may have a structure such as an inclined surface, an inclined part, and a groove for efficiently supplying the nutrient solution to the three-dimensional structure 2 on or near the bottom surface of the water storage unit 4. Preferably, a form that can be supplied using gravity or a capillary phenomenon without using external power such as a pump is preferable.

  The water reservoir 4 may be in direct communication with the three-dimensional structure 2 or indirectly through a hydrophobic tube, a hose, or the like.

  The water reservoir 4 can be installed at any part of the three-dimensional structure 2, preferably at the end of the three-dimensional structure 2. A plurality (for example, two, three, four, five or more) of water storage units 4 may be installed for one three-dimensional structure 2.

  The plant cultivation system 1 of the present invention can further include a sensor 5 for detecting a change in the concentration of the fertilizer component in the nutrient solution. The above-mentioned elements that are known to be useful as plant fertilizer components have different rates of intake into the plant depending on the type, and when the nutrient solution contains multiple types of elements, the ratio of elements in the nutrient solution over time Can change. By providing the sensor 5 for measuring the concentration of the fertilizer component of the nutrient solution, a change in the element ratio in the nutrient solution can be detected, and additional fertilization is performed so as to maintain the predetermined element ratio. It is possible to ensure the supply of nutrient solution containing the element ratio. For example, when targeting a nutrient solution containing each single fertilizer as a main component as shown in FIG. 2 (A), the main component can be obtained by providing a sensor capable of measuring the concentration of each fertilizer component. It is possible to detect the decrease and make additional fertilization to increase the concentration. In addition, when targeting a nutrient solution containing a plurality of components as shown in FIG. 2 (B), by providing a sensor capable of measuring the concentration of each fertilizer component in each, additional fertilization is performed for each component. Or dilute or replace the entire nutrient solution.

  The sensor 5 for detecting the change in the concentration of the fertilizer component in the nutrient solution can be appropriately selected according to the component (element) contained in the nutrient solution, and is not particularly limited. For example, a pH sensor, EC sensor, ion Examples of the sensor include a nitrate ion sensor, a potassium ion sensor, and a sodium ion sensor. If necessary, a plurality of types of sensors may be installed in combination.

  Preferably, the sensor 5 for detecting the concentration change of the fertilizer component in the nutrient solution is an EC sensor. EC sensors are currently used for managing fertilizer application in various agricultural fields because they can measure fertilizer components such as inorganic nitrogen content from changes in EC (electrical conductivity) in soil or culture. . However, the EC sensor is a sensor that measures a change in electrical conductivity, and the content of each fertilizer component cannot be measured individually. Also in the present invention, the EC sensor can be used to detect changes in the content of various ions in addition to inorganic nitrogen in the nutrient solution, and to detect a decrease in fertilizer components. Even when using a concentration sensor that cannot measure the concentration of each fertilizer component, such as an EC sensor, by using a nutrient solution containing a single fertilizer as a main component as shown in FIG. The higher the weight percent of the component, the more limited the effect of fertilizer components other than the main component, and it is possible to topdress only the main component without adding multiple fertilizer components as the concentration decreases. When cultivating crops with significantly different absorption rates for each fertilizer component, it is effective to add only the insufficient fertilizer. Moreover, even when using the nutrient solution which consists of several fertilizer components as shown in FIG.2 (B), if the nutrient solution which divided main fertilizer (NPK) and trace amount fertilizer (Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn) is utilized, Even when using a concentration sensor that cannot measure the concentration of each fertilizer component such as an EC sensor, at least the decrease in the concentration of the fertilizer component is due to absorption of the main fertilizer (NPK) or a trace amount of fertilizer (Mg, Ca, Since it is possible to divide whether it is due to absorption of Fe, Zn), waste such as additional fertilization of the main fertilizer can be omitted for the shortage of trace fertilizer.

  The sensor 5 for detecting the change in the concentration of the fertilizer component in the nutrient solution can be installed in any part that can come into contact with the nutrient solution in the plant cultivation system 1, and the surface, inner surface, and lumen of the three-dimensional structure 2. In addition, one or a plurality of (for example, two, three, four, five, or more) sensors can be installed in the water storage section 4 (not limited to these) (FIG. 4).

  In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one nutrient solution contained in the three-dimensional structure 2 is a nutrient solution containing a single fertilizer as a main component. A single fertilizer is a fertilizer containing only a single component as a fertilizer component in a dry heavy article, and is also referred to as a single fertilizer. As a single component, potassium sulfate (potassium), ammonia sulfate (nitrogen), lime superphosphate (phosphoric acid), potassium chloride (potassium), or the like can be included. Preferably, the single fertilizer contains only potassium sulfate as a fertilizer component in the dry weight. The “main component” refers to a component that occupies 50% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more, and more preferably 90% by weight or more in the total dry weight of the fertilizer components contained in the nutrient solution. “Main component” means, in the case of fertilizer composed of fertilizer components and non-fertilizer components, in the weight of only the fertilizer components (that is, the same weight as the total weight of the fertilizer minus the weight of the non-fertilizer components) , A component occupying 50% by weight or more. For example, in the case of a fertilizer consisting of 10 kg of fertilizer, 6 kg of non-fertilizer components, 3 kg of potassium sulfate (potassium), and 1 kg of ammonium sulfate (nitrogen), the total weight of the fertilizer components is 4 kg, accounting for 3 kg Potassium sulfate (potassium) becomes 3/4 (75%) and becomes the main component. By including a nutrient solution containing a single fertilizer as a main component in the three-dimensional structure 2, the components required by the plant 3 can be accurately supplied, and excessive supply of other components can be avoided. Can do. In addition, by using a nutrient solution mainly composed of a single fertilizer, the sensor 5 for detecting the concentration change of the fertilizer component in the nutrient solution clearly detects the concentration change of the principal component in the nutrient solution. In addition, when the component is added, the main component may be added, and the waste of adding other components can be avoided. By using a plant cultivation system 1 comprising a combination of a plurality of three-dimensional structures 2 each containing a nutrient solution containing a separate single fertilizer as a main component, it is required for growth with respect to the planted plant 3. It is also possible to supply a plurality of types of components.

  The plant cultivation system 1 of the present invention may further include a housing unit that houses at least the three-dimensional structure 2. One or a plurality of three-dimensional structures 2 can be accommodated in one accommodating portion. The storage unit may further store a water storage unit 4 or a sensor 5 for detecting a change in the concentration of the fertilizer component in the nutrient solution. By housing the three-dimensional structure 2 or the like in the housing section in the plant cultivation system 1, the operation of the plant cultivation system 1 is facilitated.

  The shape of the accommodating portion may be any shape (not limited to) such as a sheet shape, a plate shape, a film shape, a tray shape, and a container shape, and is appropriately selected according to the use and scale of the plant cultivation system 1. be able to. The accommodating portion may be formed of any material, and can be appropriately selected according to the use and scale of the plant cultivation system 1, for example, non-woven fabric, porous material, wood, metal, glass, ceramic, stone, It can be formed from resins and combinations thereof (not particularly limited to these). Moreover, the accommodating part may be provided with waterproofness. By providing the container with waterproofness, it is possible to prevent moisture in the plant cultivation system 1 from leaking to the external environment and to prevent moisture from the external environment from entering the plant cultivation system 1. . As a result, wastewater from the system 1 (in particular, including nutrient solution containing chemical substances such as fertilizer components) does not flow out to the external environment, so that the external environment can be prevented from being contaminated. The system 1 can be protected from contamination (for example, soil contamination and infection with viruses, bacteria, etc.). The waterproof property can be imparted by forming or covering the housing portion with a hydrophobic material (for example, metal, glass, ceramic, stone, resin, and combinations thereof).

  The plant cultivation system of the present invention comprises at least two or more three-dimensional structures provided with a hydrophilic film, can be cultivated by adhering the plant to the surface of the hydrophilic film, and cultivates the plant. The required nutrient solution can be held inside the three-dimensional structure. Thereby, the plant cultivation system of the present invention can supply at least two kinds of nutrient solutions to the plant body via the hydrophilic film, and individually measure the concentration change of the fertilizer component in the nutrient solution. It is a plant cultivation system that can be managed and can additionally fertilize each fertilizer component as needed. From these features, the plant cultivation system of the present invention can grow plants efficiently and stably, and is expected as a new system for plant cultivation.

1 Plant cultivation system 2 3D structure 3 Plant 4 Water reservoir 5 Sensor for detecting changes in concentration of fertilizer components in nutrient solution

Claims (6)

  A plant cultivation system comprising at least two or more three-dimensional structures each having a hydrophilic film, wherein the plant cultivation includes at least two or more nutrient solutions having different compositions, respectively, in the separate three-dimensional structures. system.   The plant cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional structure has a tube structure made of a hydrophilic film, and contains a nutrient solution in its lumen.   The plant cultivation system of Claim 1 or 2 provided with the water storage part which supplies a nutrient solution to a three-dimensional structure.   The plant cultivation system of any one of Claims 1-3 provided with the sensor for detecting the density | concentration change of the fertilizer component in a nutrient solution.   The plant cultivation system of Claim 4 whose sensor for detecting the density | concentration change of the fertilizer component in a nutrient solution is an EC sensor. The plant cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one of the nutrient solutions is a nutrient solution containing a single fertilizer as a main component.

Images