JP2011116796A - タンパク質から細胞性免疫応答を得る方法 - Google Patents
タンパク質から細胞性免疫応答を得る方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】タンパク質粒子抗原および薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤を含むワクチン組成物を脊椎動物被験体に投与する工程を包含する、脊椎動物被験体における細胞性免疫応答を生じる方法が、開示される。1つの実施形態において、このタンパク質粒子は、ウイルスタンパク質、真菌タンパク質、細菌タンパク質、トリタンパク質および哺乳動物タンパク質からなる群より選択されるタンパク質より形成され、ここで、このタンパク質は、単純ヘルペスウイルス2型糖タンパク質B(HSV gB2)、C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)タンパク質、またはヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)タンパク質である。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明は、一般的に、免疫原性因子に関し、そして選択された抗原に対する免疫応答を増強する因子に関する。特に、本発明は、細胞性免疫応答を誘発する抗原としてのタンパク質粒子の使用に関する。
減弱した病原体またはサブユニットタンパク質抗原を含む多くのワクチン処方物が、開発されてきた。慣用的なワクチン組成物は、しばしば細胞性(cell−mediated)免疫応答および体液性免疫応答を増強する免疫学的なアジュバントを含む。例えば、投与される抗原を吸収および/または沈殿し、そして注射部位で抗原を残存し得る蓄積アジュバントは、頻繁に使用される。代表的な蓄積アジュバントは、アルミニウム化合物および油中水エマルジョンを含む。しかし、免疫原性を増加するにもかかわらず、蓄積アジュバントは、皮下または筋肉内に注射される場合、しばしば重篤な持続性の局所反応(例えば、肉芽腫、膿瘍および瘢痕)を引き起こす。他のアジュバント(例えば、リポ多糖)は、注射の際の発熱性応答および/またはライター症状(関節の不快感および時折の前部ブドウ膜炎、関節炎および尿道炎が普遍化された、インフルエンザ様の症状)を誘発し得る。サポニン(例えば、Quillaja saponaria)はまた、種々の疾患に対するワクチン組成物中の免疫学的アジュバントとして使用されてきた。
本明細書中で本発明者らは、驚くことに、タンパク質粒子が細胞性免疫応答を生じる自己持続性の免疫原性因子であることを見出した。特に、活性成分はまた、送達系である。すなわち、タンパク質粒子は、抗原および送達系として働く。さらに、本発明者らは、このタンパク質粒子が以下のいくつかの利点を有することを見出した:(i)製造の容易さ、(ii)これらが、存在する因子よりも製造するためにコスト効率的であること、(iii)これらが、優れた免疫応答を提供すること、および(iv)これらが、減少した毒性を有し、そして他のワクチン処方物で観察される所望されない副作用を排除すること。次いで、従って、本発明は、主にこのようなタンパク質粒子の抗原としての使用に関する。
(a)タンパク質の水溶液を提供する工程;
(b)このタンパク質の水溶液に沈殿剤を添加し、生じた混合物を攪拌してこのタンパク質粒子を形成させる工程;
(c)安定化処理によってこのタンパク質粒子を安定化する工程;および
(d)この水溶液からこのタンパク質粒子を回収する工程。
(項目1)選択された第一抗原および薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤を含む免疫原性組成物であって、該選択された第一抗原がタンパク質粒子である、組成物。
(項目2)前記タンパク質粒子が細胞性免疫応答を生じ得る、項目1に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目3)前記細胞性免疫応答が細胞傷害性Tリンパ球応答である、項目2に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目4)前記タンパク質粒子が、ウイルスタンパク質、真菌タンパク質、細菌タンパク質、トリタンパク質および哺乳動物タンパク質からなる群より選択されるタンパク質より形成される、項目2に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目5)前記タンパク質が、単純ヘルペスウイルス2型糖タンパク質B(HSV gB2)、C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)タンパク質、またはヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)タンパク質である、項目4に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目6)前記HCVタンパク質が、HCVコアタンパク質E1、E2、NS3、NS4、またはNS5である、項目5に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目7)前記HIVタンパク質が、gp120、gp160、gp41、p24gagまたはp55gagである、項目5に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目8)アジュバントをさらに含む、項目2に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目9)前記アジュバントがMF59、LT−K63またはLT−R72である、項目8に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目10)前記アジュバントが、前記タンパク質粒子内にカプセル化されている、項目8に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目11)前記アジュバントが、前記タンパク質粒子上に吸着されているかまたは結合体化されている、項目8に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目12)第二抗原をさらに含む項目2に記載の免疫原性組成物であって、該第二抗原は前記タンパク質粒子とは異なる、組成物。
(項目13)項目12に記載の免疫原性組成物であって、前記第二抗原は、キャリア上に吸着されているか、またはキャリア内にカプセル化されており、該キャリアは、タンパク質、多糖、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、重合アミノ酸、アミノ酸コポリマー、脂質凝集体、ポリマー粒子および不活性ウイルス粒子からなる群より選択される、組成物。
(項目14)前記ポリマー粒子が、ポリ(α−キドロキシ酸)、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリオルソエステル、およびポリアンヒドリドからなる群より選択されるポリマーを含む、項目13に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目15)前記第二抗原が、前記タンパク質粒子上に結合体化されている、項目12に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目16)選択された第一抗原および薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤を含む免疫原性組成物であって、該選択された第一抗原がタンパク質粒子であって、さらに、該タンパク質粒子が以下の工程:
(a)タンパク質の水溶液を提供する工程;
(b)該タンパク質の水溶液に沈殿剤を添加し、生じた混合物を攪拌して該タンパク質粒子を形成させる工程;
(c)安定化処理によって該タンパク質粒子を安定化する工程;および
(d)該水溶液から該タンパク質粒子を回収する工程、
を包含するプロセスによって製造される、組成物。
(項目17)前記タンパク質粒子が細胞性免疫応答を生じ得る、項目16に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目18)前記細胞性免疫応答が細胞傷害性Tリンパ球応答である、項目16に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目19)前記タンパク質粒子が、ウイルスタンパク質、真菌タンパク質、細菌タンパク質、トリタンパク質および哺乳動物タンパク質からなる群より選択されるタンパク質より形成される、項目16に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目20)前記タンパク質が、単純ヘルペスウイルス2型糖タンパク質B(HSV gB2)、C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)タンパク質、またはヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)タンパク質である、項目19に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目21)前記HCVタンパク質が、HCVコアタンパク質E1、E2、NS3、NS4、またはNS5である、項目20に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目22)前記HIVタンパク質が、gp120、gp160、gp41、p24gagまたはp55gagである、項目20に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目23)工程(a)における前記水溶液が酸をさらに含む、項目16に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目24)前記酸が、酢酸、グリコール酸、ヒドロキシ酪酸、塩酸または乳酸である、項目23に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目25)前記沈殿剤が、油、炭化水素またはコアセルベーション剤を含む、項目16に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目26)前記安定化処理が、加熱処理または化学的架橋剤での処理を含む、項目16に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目27)前記安定化処理が加熱処理である、項目26に記載の組成物。
(項目28)アジュバントをさらに含む、項目16に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目29)前記アジュバントがMF59、LT−K63またはLT−R72を含む、項目28に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目30)第二抗原をさらに含む項目16に記載の免疫原性組成物であって、該第二抗原は前記タンパク質粒子とは異なる、組成物。
(項目31)項目30に記載の免疫原性組成物であって、前記第二抗原は、キャリア上に吸着されているか、またはキャリア内にカプセル化されており、該キャリアは、タンパク質、多糖、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、重合アミノ酸、アミノ酸コポリマー、脂質凝集体、ポリマー粒子および不活性ウイルス粒子からなる群より選択される、組成物。
(項目32)前記ポリマー粒子が、ポリ(α−キドロキシ酸)、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリオルソエステル、およびポリアンヒドリドからなる群より選択されるポリマーを含む、項目31に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目33)前記第二抗原が、前記タンパク質粒子上に結合体化されている、項目30に記載の免疫原性組成物。
(項目34)選択された第一抗原を提供する工程、および該第一抗原を薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤と混合する工程を包含する、免疫原性組成物を調製する方法であって、該第一抗原は、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球(CTL)応答を生じ得るタンパク質粒子である、方法。
(項目35)前記免疫原性組成物を第二抗原と混合する工程をさらに包含する、項目34に記載の方法であって、前記第二抗原が前記タンパク質粒子とは異なる、方法。
(項目36)脊椎動物被験体において細胞傷害性Tリンパ球(CTL)応答を生じる方法であって、該方法は、免疫学的に有効量の項目1〜7および項目16〜27のいずれか1項に記載の免疫原性組成物を、該脊椎動物被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目37)アジュバントを前記タンパク質粒子と同時投与する工程をさらに包含する、項目36に記載の方法。
(項目38)第二抗原を前記タンパク質粒子と合わせて投与する工程をさらに包含する、項目37に記載の方法であって、該第二抗原が該タンパク質粒子とは異なる、方法。
(項目39)前記第二抗原が投与される前に、前記タンパク質粒子が前記脊椎動物被験体に投与される、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目40)前記第二抗原が投与される後に、前記タンパク質粒子が前記脊椎動物被験体に投与される、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目41)前記第二抗原が投与されるのと同時に、前記タンパク質粒子が前記脊椎動物被験体に投与される、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目42)脊椎動物被験体において細胞傷害性Tリンパ球(CTL)応答を生じるための医薬の製造における、項目1〜33のいずれか1項に記載の免疫原性組成物の使用。
本発明の実施は、そうでないことが示されなければ、当該分野の技術内のウイルス学、化学、生化学、組換え技術、免疫学および薬理学の従来法を採用する。このような技法は文献中に詳細に説明されている。例えば、Virology、第3版、第I巻および第II巻(B.N.FieldsおよびD.M.Knipe編、1996);Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences、第18版(Pennsylvania;Mack Publishing Company、1990);Methods In Enzymology(S.ColowickおよびN.Kaplan編、Academic Press、Inc.);Handbook of Experimental Immunology、第I〜IV巻(D.M.WeirおよびC.C.Blackwell編、1986、Blackwell Scientific Publications);Sambrookら、Molecular Cloning;A Laboratory Mannual(第2版、1989);およびDNA Cloning:A Practical Approach、第I巻および第II巻(D.Glover編)を参照のこと。
本発明を記載することにおいて、以下の用語が採用され、そして以下に示されるように規定されることが意図される。
本発明の中心は、タンパク質粒子が投与される場合、脊椎動物被験体においてタンパク質粒子が体液性免疫応答および/または細胞性免疫応答を増強する抗原として働き得るという驚くべき知見である。タンパク質粒子は、自己持続性である。すなわち、タンパク質粒子は、抗原であり、ならびに活性成分についての送達系である。従って、本発明は、タンパク質粒子の形態で目的の抗原が細胞性免疫応答を誘発するためにキャリア粒子上に吸着されたりキャリア粒子内に捕捉される必要がないので、キャリア(例えば、PLGなどを含むポリマー)の使用を必要としない。さらに、この系は抗原のカプセル化に依存しないので、抗原サイズは、限定されない。従って、本発明の系は、広範な種々の抗原に有用であり、そして多くの感染を予防および/または処置するための強力な道具を提供する。
以下は、本発明を実施するための特定の実施形態の例である。実施例は、例示の目的でのみ提供され、そしていかなる様式においても、本発明の範囲を限定することは意図しない。
オボアルブミン(OVA、200mg)を、蒸留水(10ml)に溶解して、2%タンパク質溶液を形成した。乳酸(100μl)を、pHが約4.5〜5.0に低下するまでそのOVA溶液に加えた。その溶液を磁性スターラーで1500rpmで10分間にわたり攪拌した。アセトン(25ml)をこの攪拌溶液に加え、そしてその混合物を10分間にわたり攪拌させた。この混合物を、5000rpmで攪拌しながら30分間で70℃加熱して、タンパク質粒子を安定化させた。ついで、このタンパク質粒子をMalvern Masterサイザー(sizer)で将来の使用のためにサイズ調整した(そのタンパク質粒子は、約250nmであった)。
オボアルブミン(OVA,200mg)を、蒸留水(10ml)に溶解して、2%タンパク質溶液を形成させた。乳酸(100μl)を、pHが約4.5〜5.0に低下するまでOVA溶液に加えた。この溶液を、500rpmで10分間にわたって磁性スターラーで攪拌した。アセトン(25ml)をこの攪拌溶液に加え、そしてこの混合物を10分間攪拌させた。この混合物を70℃に加熱し、そして30分間にわたり500rpmで攪拌して、タンパク質粒子を安定化させた。そのタンパク質粒子を凍結乾燥し、ついでMalvern Masterサイザー中でサイズ処理し、そしてデシケーター中で将来の使用のために保存した(そのタンパク質粒子は約2.5μmであった)。
HSVgB2抗原(4.2mg)を蒸留水中で溶解し(2ml)、そしてその溶液を磁性スターラーで1500rpmで攪拌した。アセトン(2.5ml)を攪拌溶液に加え、そしてその混合物を20分間攪拌させた。ついで、その混合物を70℃に加熱し、そして25分間にわたり攪拌させてそのタンパク質粒子を安定化させた。この混合物を30,000×gで遠心分離し、そしてそのタンパク質粒子を収集した。そのタンパク質粒子を凍結乾燥し、ついでMalvern Masterサイザーで将来の使用のためにサイズ処理した(そのタンパク質粒子は、約350nmであった)。
HSVgB2抗原(4.2mg)を蒸留水(2ml)中に溶解し、そしてその溶液を磁性スターラーで750rpmで攪拌した。アセトン(2.5ml)を攪拌溶液に加え、そしてその混合物を20分間にわたり攪拌した。ついで、この混合物を、70℃に加熱し、そして25分間にわたり攪拌させてそのタンパク質を安定化させた。この混合物を30,000×gで遠心分離し、そしてそのタンパク質粒子を収集した。このタンパク質粒子を凍結乾燥し、ついで、Malvern Masterサイザーで将来の使用のためにサイズ処理した(そのタンパク質粒子は約5μmであった)。
PLG(ポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド))タンパク質粒子をポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を用いて以下のように作製した。使用した溶液:
(1)ジクロロメタン中の6% RG 503 PLG(Boehringer Ingelheim)
(2)水中の8%ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)(ICN)。
15mlガラス試験管中に1mlの10mg/mlのOVAおよび20mlの5%w;wPLG(ポリD,L−ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)を、ジクロロメタン中に、50:50モル比のラクチド:グリコリド(MW平均=70〜100kDa)(Medisorb Technologies International)に入れた。この溶液を、ハンドヘルドホモジナイザーを用いて2分間にわたりホモジナイズした。このホモジネートを80mlの10%ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)(12〜23kDa)に100mlガラスビーカー中に加えた。これを2分間にわたり10,000rpmで、20mmの直径の発電機を備えたベンチスケールのホモジナイザーを用いてホモジナイズした。この溶液を、その溶媒がエバポレートされるまで磁性スターラーバーを用いて室温で中程度の速度で攪拌した。タンパク質粒子を水中に再懸濁し、そして水で何回か洗浄し、遠心分離機を用いて洗浄の間にタンパク質粒子をペレット化した。タンパク質粒子を乾燥剤(Dririte CaSO4)の存在下で減圧下で乾燥させた。平均の容積サイズを、レーザー拡散測定により0.9μmであると決定した。タンパク質粒子のタンパク質含量は、0.8%w:wであるとアミノ酸組成分析により判定した。
上記のように生成した、オボアルブミン、PLG/OVAタンパク質粒子、スモールOVAタンパク質粒子(250nm)およびラージOVAタンパク質粒子(2500nm)をマウスに皮下投与した(用量=10μg)。この動物を1Mおよび28日間でブーストした。血清を、最後の免疫の後2週間で収集し、そしてCTL活性を以下に記載されるようにアッセイした:Doe et al.、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(1996)93:8578−8583。
15mlのガラス試験管中に、0.5mlの5mg/ml gB2および5ml 6%w:wPLG((poly D、L−ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)を、ジクロロメタン中に、50:50モル比のラクチド対グリコリドで、MW平均=70−100kDa(Medisorb Technologies International)で入れた。この溶液を、2分間にわたり、ハンドヘルドホモジナイザーを用いて高いrpmでホモジナイズした。このホモジネートを、100mlのガラスビーカー中の20mlの8%ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)(12−23kDa)へと加えた。この混合物を、2分間にわたり、10,000rpmで、20mm直径の発電機を備えたベンチスケールのホモジナイザーを用いてホモジナイズした。この溶液を、中程度の速度で、磁性スターラーバーを用いて室温で、溶媒がエバポレートされるまで攪拌した。タンパク質粒子を、水中に再懸濁し、そして何回か水で洗浄し、遠心分離機を用いて、洗浄の間にタンパク質粒子をペレット化した。タンパク質粒子を、(Dririte CaSO4)の存在下で減圧下で乾燥させた。平均の容積サイズを、レーザー拡散測定により0.9μmであると決定した。タンパク質粒子のタンパク質含量は、0.5%w:wであるとアミノ酸組成分析により判定した。
上記のように生成したgB2タンパク質粒子、PLG gB2捕捉タンパク質粒子、ならびに随伴するタンパク質粒子なし(陰性コントロール)およびワクシニアgag−polコントロールなし(陽性コントロール)のgB2単独を、マウスに皮下投与した(用量=5μg)。動物を、7日目および14日目でブーストした。血清を最後の免疫の後2週間で収集し、そしてCTL活性を、以下に記載されるようにアッセイした:Doe et al.、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(1996)93:8578−8583。
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- 2000-10-10 AU AU78779/00A patent/AU7877900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-10 DE DE60043708T patent/DE60043708D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-10 WO PCT/US2000/028040 patent/WO2001026681A2/en active Application Filing
- 2000-10-10 AT AT00968937T patent/ATE454901T1/de active
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WO2001026681A3 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
EP1221968A2 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
AU7877900A (en) | 2001-04-23 |
WO2001026681A2 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
US7604802B2 (en) | 2009-10-20 |
ATE454901T1 (de) | 2010-01-15 |
DE60043708D1 (de) | 2010-03-04 |
PT1221968E (pt) | 2010-04-16 |
US20030104067A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
CA2388676A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
JP2003511420A (ja) | 2003-03-25 |
US6534064B1 (en) | 2003-03-18 |
ES2337017T3 (es) | 2010-04-20 |
EP1221968B1 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
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