JP2011112538A - Encoder and method of fitting the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an encoder wherein a rotary part and a base part which is more easily separated. <P>SOLUTION: The encoder includes a rotary part (1) having patterns, a detection part (4) for detecting the pattern, and a base part (2) for housing the rotary part, wherein at least a part (1c) of the rotary part and at least a part (2c) of the base part are provided engageable and separatable with each other. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an encoder and an encoder mounting method.

  An encoder is known as a device that detects the number of rotations and rotation speed of a rotating body such as a rotating shaft of a motor (Patent Document 1). For example, the rotary encoder is used by being attached to a rotating shaft such as a motor. Further, as a specific configuration of the encoder, for example, a configuration for detecting the number of rotations using magnetism is known.

  The encoder having such a configuration rotates the code plate on which the pattern is formed integrally with the rotation shaft, irradiates the pattern with light from the light source, and transmits the light transmitted through the pattern or the light reflected by the pattern by the detection unit. To detect. Thereby, the absolute position within one rotation of the motor can be detected. As a specific configuration, for example, a rotating part provided with a code plate is fixed to a rotating shaft of a motor, and the rotating part is rotatably accommodated in a base part.

JP-A-3-287014

  However, in a general encoder, the base part and the rotating part may be fixed by a screw part in order to facilitate the work of attaching the encoder to the motor. Therefore, when attaching the encoder to the motor, it is necessary to loosen the threaded portion to separate the rotating portion and the base portion, and the attachment may be complicated.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an encoder and an encoder mounting method that can more easily separate the rotating portion and the base portion.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the aspect of the present invention adopts the following configuration corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 5 shown in the embodiment. In addition, in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, the description will be made in association with the reference numerals of the drawings showing an embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.

  An encoder (EC) according to an aspect of the present invention includes a rotating unit (1) having a pattern, a detecting unit (4) that detects the pattern, and a base unit (2) that houses the rotating unit, It is characterized in that at least a part of the rotating part and at least a part of the base part can be fitted and separated.

  An encoder mounting method according to an aspect of the present invention is an encoder mounting method using the above-described encoder, wherein the rotating unit and the base unit are fitted to the measuring object (MS). And a step of separating the rotating portion and the base portion in a state where the rotating portion is fixed to the measurement object.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the attachment method of the encoder and encoder which can isolate | separate a rotation part and a base part more easily can be provided.

It is a figure which shows the encoder which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention, (a) is an exploded view, (b) is a perspective view. It is sectional drawing at the time of attachment of the encoder of FIG. It is sectional drawing at the time of attachment of the encoder of FIG. It is sectional drawing at the time of completion | finish of attachment of the encoder of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the encoder which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The encoder of this embodiment is a device that detects the number of rotations and the rotation speed of a rotating body such as a motor. Fig.1 (a) is an exploded view which shows schematic structure of the encoder which concerns on this embodiment. FIG. 1B is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the encoder of the present embodiment. 2-4 is sectional drawing which shows the process of attaching the encoder which concerns on this embodiment to a motor.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the encoder EC mainly includes a rotating unit 1, a base unit 2, a light source unit 3, and a detecting unit 4.
The rotating unit 1 is a member that rotates integrally with the drive shaft MS by being fixed to the drive shaft MS of the motor M (see FIG. 2) to be measured, for example, with a bolt or the like. The rotating unit 1 is made of a metal such as aluminum. Centered on the rotation axis R of the rotation unit 1, an insertion hole 1 a into which the drive shaft MS of the motor M is inserted and a drive shaft MS inserted into the insertion hole 1 a are fixed to the center of the rotation unit 1. A bolt hole 1b into which the bolt 1k (see FIG. 3) is inserted is provided in parallel with the rotation axis R.

  A taper portion 1 c is provided on the base portion 2 side of the rotating portion 1. The taper portion 1c is formed in a tapered shape whose diameter gradually decreases as it approaches the end portion on the base portion 2 side, and opposed surfaces (surfaces opposite to each other at 180 °) of the outer peripheral surface are inclined tapered. It is a surface (rotating portion side inclined surface) 1d. The tapered portion 1c is formed in a trapezoidal conical shape.

  The taper surface 1d is provided continuously over one circumference in the circumferential direction of the rotating part 1, and is inclined so that the distance from the rotation axis R to the taper surface 1d becomes smaller toward the base part 2 side. The tapered surface 1d is preferably inclined at an inclination angle α of, for example, about 30 ° or less with respect to a direction parallel to the rotation axis R of the rotating unit 1. The taper surface 1d of the present embodiment is inclined at an inclination angle α of about 5 ° with respect to a direction parallel to the rotation axis R of the rotating unit 1.

  A flange portion 1 f that supports the rotation code plate 1 e is provided on the detection unit 4 side of the rotation unit 1. The flange portion 1 f has a flange surface 1 g provided perpendicular to the rotation axis R of the rotating portion 1. A rotary code plate 1e is fixed to the flange surface 1g with, for example, bolts 1h. An optical pattern such as an absolute pattern or an incremental pattern is formed on the rotary code plate 1e over the entire circumference at a position facing the detection unit 4. The rotary code plate 1e transmits light irradiated from one surface side to the other surface side by an optical pattern.

  The base portion 2 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and has a housing portion 2a that houses the rotating portion 1 rotatably. The base portion 2 is made of, for example, resin. The detection part 4 is attached to one end part of the base part 2, and the other end part is fixed to the motor main body MB (see FIG. 3) via the flange part 2b. The accommodating portion 2 a is provided with a fitting portion 2 c for fitting the rotating portion 1 and a light source holding portion 2 d for holding the light source portion 3.

  The fitting portion 2 c has a taper fitting surface (base portion side inclined surface) 2 e provided to be inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the rotation axis R of the rotating portion 1. The tapered fitting surface 2e is provided over the entire circumference of the base portion 2 and corresponds to the trapezoidal conical shape of the tapered portion 1c of the rotating portion 1 and receives the tapered portion 1c. Is forming. The inclination angle β of the taper fitting surface 2e with respect to the direction parallel to the rotation axis R of the rotating portion 1 is determined according to the inclination angle α of the tapered surface 1d of the tapered portion 1c of the rotating portion 1, but is about 30 °, for example. The following is desirable. In the present embodiment, the inclination angle β of the taper fitting surface 2e is set to be equal to or slightly larger than the inclination angle α of the taper surface 1d.

Further, the taper surface 1d of the rotating part 1 and the taper fitting surface 2e of the base part 2 are arranged such that the taper part 1c of the rotating part 1 is disposed inside the fitting part 2c of the base part 2 and the flange part of the base part 2 By applying a predetermined force so as to be pushed toward the end portion on the 2b side, a surface pressure and a frictional force are generated between the tapered surface 1d of the tapered portion 1c and the tapered fitting surface 2e of the fitting portion 2c by the wedge effect. It comes to work. Thereby, the taper part 1c of the rotation part 1 and the fitting part 2c of the base part 2 are fitted, and the rotation part 1 and the base part 2 are fastened. Here, the taper surface 1d and the taper fitting surface 2e are provided such that their contact areas are, for example, about 1000 mm ² .

  Further, the rotating portion 1 and the base portion 2 are separated from each other by the taper surface 1d of the rotating portion 1 and the taper fitting surface 2e of the base portion 2 in a state where the rotating portion 1 and the base portion 2 are integrally fastened. By applying a predetermined force, the surface pressure and the frictional force between the taper surface 1d of the taper portion 1c and the taper fitting surface 2e of the fitting portion 2c are reduced, so that they are separated and separated from each other. Is provided.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the rotating portion 1 and the base portion 2 are configured such that the tapered portion 1c of the rotating portion 1 and the fitting portion 2c of the base portion 2 are fitted, and the rotating portion 1 and the base portion 2 are In the state of being fastened and integrated, when the drive shaft MS of the motor M is inserted into the insertion hole 1a of the rotating part 1, the motor M side end surface of the base part 2 and the motor body (fixed part) MB are interposed. The dimension of each part is determined so that the gap G1 is formed and the base part 2 and the motor body MB are separated from each other.

Further, the fastening force by the taper fitting between the taper portion 1c of the rotating portion 1 and the fitting portion 2c of the base portion 2 fixes the base portion 2 to the motor body MB using bolts 2f as shown in FIG. It is adjusted to be smaller than the fastening force of the bolt 2f at the time.
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the rotating portion 1 and the base portion 2 are fitted to the tapered surface 1 d of the rotating portion 1 and the base portion 2 when the base portion 2 is fixed to the motor body MB. A gap G2 is formed between the surface 2e and the dimensions of each part are determined so that they are separated from each other.

As shown in FIG. 1, the light source holding part 2d of the accommodating part 2a of the base part 2 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and can be held in a state where the light source part 3 is opposed to the detection part 4 via the rotary code plate 1e. Is provided.
The light source unit 3 mainly includes a main body 3a fixed to the light source holding unit 2d, a light source 3b fixed to the main body 3a, and a light emitted from the light source 3b, which is fixed to the main body 3a. And an optical lens 3c that condenses and irradiates a predetermined area of the rotary code plate 1e.

  The detection unit 4 includes a substrate 4b on which an optical sensor 4a and electronic components are mounted, and a main body 4c to which the substrate 4b is fixed and supports the substrate 4b. The optical sensor 4a is disposed at a position facing the light source unit 3 so as to detect light emitted from the light source 3b and transmitted through the optical pattern of the rotary code plate 1e. The detection unit 4 is configured to seal the end of the base 2 opposite to the motor M by fixing the main body 4c to the base 2 with, for example, bolts. An opening 4d through which a bolt 1k (see FIG. 3) for fixing the rotating unit 1 to the drive shaft MS of the motor M is inserted and removed is provided at the center of the substrate 4b of the detecting unit 4.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the encoder EC of the present embodiment is used in a state where the rotating unit 1 is fixed to the drive shaft MS of the motor M and the base unit 2 is fixed to the motor body MB. When the drive shaft MS of the motor M rotates in this state, the rotating unit 1 fixed to the drive shaft MS rotates integrally with the drive shaft MS. When the rotating unit 1 rotates, the rotation code plate 1e fixed to the rotating unit 1 also rotates in the same manner. Here, the light L emitted from the light source 3b of the light source unit 3 enters the optical lens 3c, is collimated / condensed, and is irradiated onto a predetermined region of the rotary code plate 1e. When the rotary code plate 1e rotates together with the drive shaft MS, the optical pattern of a predetermined region irradiated with the light L emitted from the light source 3b changes.

  Due to the change in the optical pattern of the rotary code plate 1e in a predetermined area irradiated with the light L, the pattern of the light L that is transmitted through the optical pattern and detected by the optical sensor 4a changes. The optical sensor 4a outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the detected light L pattern. The detection unit 4 transmits an electrical signal corresponding to the change in the pattern of the light L output by the optical sensor 4a to the electronic component provided on the substrate 4b, and the rotational angle position, rotational speed, rotational speed, etc. of the drive shaft MS. Is calculated. As described above, the encoder EC of the present embodiment can measure the rotational angle position, rotational speed, rotational speed, and the like of the drive shaft MS.

Next, a method for attaching the encoder EC to the motor M will be described.
When the encoder EC is attached to the motor M, first, as shown in FIG. 2, the end surface of the base portion 2 of the encoder EC on the flange portion 2b side is opposed to the motor body MB, and the drive shaft MS of the motor M is set to the encoder. Insert into the insertion hole 1 a of the rotating part 1.

  Here, in the encoder EC of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the taper portion 1 c of the rotating portion 1 is provided so as to be able to fit with the fitting portion 2 c of the base portion 2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the taper portion 1c and the fitting portion 2c can be fitted, and the rotating portion 1 and the base portion 2 can be handled integrally. Thereby, the base part 2 of the encoder EC and the motor main body MB are positioned only by inserting the drive shaft MS of the motor M into the insertion hole 1a of the rotating part 1.

  Specifically, a key is provided on the drive shaft MS, and a key groove is provided at a predetermined position of the insertion hole 1a of the rotating unit 1. Thus, just by inserting the drive shaft MS of the motor M into the insertion hole 1a of the rotating part 1, the alignment of the bolt hole of the flange part 2b of the base part 2 and the bolt hole (not shown) of the motor body MB is completed. To do. At this time, the spigot part MI of the motor M may be supplementarily fitted into the recess 2m of the base part 2.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the bolt 1k is disposed in the bolt hole 1b of the rotating unit 1 through the opening 4d provided in the substrate 4b of the detecting unit 4, and the rotating unit 1 and the drive shaft MS of the motor M are connected. Fasten with bolt 1k.
Next, the bolt 2f is disposed in the bolt hole 2g of the flange portion 2b of the base portion 2, and the base portion 2 and the motor main body MB are fastened by the bolt 2f.

  Here, the fastening force by taper fitting between the taper portion 1c of the rotating portion 1 and the fitting portion 2c of the base portion 2 fixes the base portion 2 to the motor body MB using bolts 2f as shown in FIG. It is adjusted so as to be smaller than the fastening force of the bolt 2f at the time. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the base portion 2 and the motor body MB are fastened by the bolt 2 f, so that the fitting between the tapered portion 1 c of the rotating portion 1 and the fitting portion 2 c of the base portion 2 is released. .

  Then, the end surface of the base portion 2 on the motor M side and the motor body MB are in close contact with each other, and a gap G2 is formed between the tapered surface 1d of the tapered portion 1c and the tapered fitting surface 2e of the fitting portion 2c. 1 and the base part 2 will be in the state spaced apart. Thereby, the rotating part 1 becomes movable relative to the base part 2 and is in a state of being rotatably accommodated in the accommodating part 2a of the base part 2. Thus, the attachment of the encoder EC to the motor M is completed.

  In the encoder EC and its mounting method of the present embodiment, after fixing the rotating part 1 to the drive shaft MS of the motor M to be measured in a state where the rotating part 1 and the base part 2 are fitted as described above, By fastening the rotating part 1 and the motor main body MB with the bolt 2f, the rotating part 1 and the base part 2 are separated using the fastening force of the bolt 2f.

  That is, the process of separating the rotating part 1 and the base part 2 and the process of fixing the base part 2 to the motor body MB can be performed collectively. Therefore, unlike the conventional encoder, the encoder EC is compared with the case where the rotating portion and the base portion are fastened by the screw portion, and the screw portion is loosened when attached to the motor and the base portion and the motor body are fastened. Can be easily installed. Further, the encoder EC can be easily attached as compared with the case where the base portion 2 and the rotating portion 1 are separately arranged at predetermined positions of the motor M.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
The encoder of this embodiment is different from the encoder EC described in the above-described embodiment in that a fitting part is provided in the rotating part and a taper part is provided in the base part. Since the other points are the same, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an encoder EC2 according to the second embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 5, on the motor M side of the base portion 2A, a taper portion 2h is provided around the drive shaft MS of the motor M so as to protrude toward the rotating portion 1A. The tapered portion 2h is formed in a tapered shape whose diameter gradually decreases as it approaches the rotating portion 1A, and opposed surfaces (surfaces opposite to each other at 180 °) of the outer peripheral surface are inclined tapered surfaces (base portion). Side inclined surface) 2k. The tapered portion 2h is formed in a trapezoidal conical shape.

  The taper surface 2k is continuously provided over the circumference of the drive shaft MS, and is inclined so that the distance from the rotation axis R to the taper surface 2k decreases as the rotation portion 1A is approached. The taper surface 2k is preferably inclined at an inclination angle α1 of, for example, about 30 ° or less with respect to a direction parallel to the rotation axis R of the rotating unit 1A. The tapered surface 2k of the present embodiment is inclined at an inclination angle α1 of about 5 ° with respect to a direction parallel to the rotation axis R of the rotating portion 1A.

  On the motor M side of the rotating part 1A, a concave fitting part 1m is formed around the drive shaft MS of the motor M. 1 m of fitting parts have the taper fitting surface (rotating part side inclined surface) 1n provided inclining with respect to the direction parallel to the rotating shaft R of 1 A of rotation parts. The tapered fitting surface 1n is provided over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction of the rotating portion 1A, corresponds to the trapezoidal conical shape of the tapered portion 2h of the base portion 2A, and accepts the tapered portion 2h. Is forming. The inclination angle β1 of the taper fitting surface 1n with respect to the direction parallel to the rotation axis R of the rotation portion 1A is determined according to the inclination angle α1 of the taper surface 2k of the taper portion 2h of the base portion 2A. The following is desirable. In the present embodiment, the inclination angle β1 of the taper fitting surface 1n is set to be equal to or slightly larger than the inclination angle α1 of the taper surface 2k.

  Further, the taper surface 2k of the base portion 2A and the taper fitting surface 1n of the rotating portion 1A are arranged such that the taper portion 2h of the base portion 2A is disposed inside the fitting portion 1m of the rotating portion 1A and pushed into the rotating portion 1A. By applying a predetermined force to the taper portion 2h and the fitting portion, a surface pressure and a frictional force act between the taper surface 2k of the taper portion 2h and the taper fitting surface 1n of the fitting portion 1m by the wedge effect. 1 m is fitted so that the rotating portion 1 </ b> A and the base portion 2 </ b> A are fastened. Further, in a state where the rotating part 1A and the base part 2A are integrally fastened, a predetermined force is applied so that the tapered fitting surface 1n of the rotating part 1A and the tapered surface 2k of the base part 2A are separated from each other. The surface pressure and frictional force between the taper surface 2k of the taper portion 2h and the taper fitting surface 1n of the fitting portion 1m are reduced, so that the rotating portion 1A and the base portion 2A are separated and separated. ing.

  Further, the rotating portion 1A and the base portion 2A are a state in which the fitting portion 1m of the rotating portion 1A and the tapered portion 2h of the base portion 2A are fitted, and the rotating portion 1A and the base portion 2A are fastened and integrated. Then, similarly to the encoder EC of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, when the drive shaft MS of the motor M is inserted into the insertion hole 1a of the rotating portion 1A, the end surface on the motor M side of the base portion 2A and the motor main body MB. A gap G <b> 1 is formed between the base portion 2 </ b> A and the size of each portion is determined so that the base portion 2 </ b> A and the motor body MB are separated from each other.

Further, the fastening force by the taper fitting between the fitting part 1m of the rotating part 1A and the taper part 2h of the base part 2A is similar to the encoder EC of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The bolt 2f is adjusted to be smaller than the fastening force of the bolt 2f.
Further, as with the encoder EC of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the rotating portion 1A and the base portion 2A are tapered when the base portion 2A is fixed to the motor body MB. A gap G2 is formed between the surface 1n and the tapered surface 2k of the base portion 2A, and the dimensions of the respective portions are determined so that they are separated from each other.

  According to the encoder EC2 of the present embodiment, as in the encoder EC of the first embodiment, the step of separating the rotating portion 1A and the base portion 2A and the step of fixing the base portion 2A to the motor body MB are collectively performed. Can be done. Therefore, the same effect as the encoder EC of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  It should be noted that the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and modifications can be made as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the taper surface of the taper portion and the taper fitting surface of the fitting portion are not limited to shapes in which the opposing surfaces (surfaces opposite to the 180 °) of the outer peripheral surface are inclined in contrast. For example, one side may be a parallel surface provided parallel to the rotation axis, and an asymmetric shape in which a surface opposite to the parallel surface is inclined may be used. Further, the taper surface and the taper fitting surface may be partially provided in a protruding shape. Moreover, the structure by which only the taper surface was provided in either the rotation part or the base part, or the structure by which only the taper fitting surface was provided may be sufficient.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1A ... Rotary part, 1d ... Tapered surface (rotating part side inclined surface), 1n ... Tapered fitting surface (rotating part side inclined surface), 2, 2A ... Base part, 2e ... Tapered fitting surface (base part side) (Inclined surface), 2f ... Bolt (fastening member), 2k ... Tapered surface (base side inclined surface), 4 ... Detector, EC, EC2 ... Encoder, MB ... Motor body (fixed part), MS ... Drive shaft (Measurement) Target), R ... Rotation axis, α, α1, β, β1 ... Inclination angle

Claims (9)

A rotation unit having a pattern, a detection unit for detecting the pattern, and a base unit for housing the rotation unit,
An encoder characterized in that at least a part of the rotating part and at least a part of the base part can be fitted and separated. The encoder according to claim 1, wherein
The encoder is characterized in that at least a part of the rotating part and at least a part of the base part are symmetrically inclined with respect to each other. The encoder according to claim 1 or 2,
The encoder is characterized in that the rotating part has a rotating part-side inclined surface that is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the rotating part and can be fitted to at least a part of the base part. The encoder according to claim 3,
The encoder according to claim 1, wherein the rotating portion side inclined surface has an inclination angle of 30 ° or less with respect to a direction parallel to the rotation axis. In the encoder according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The base portion has a base portion-side inclined surface that is inclined with respect to a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the rotating portion and is provided so as to be able to be fitted and separated from at least a part of the rotating portion. Encoder. In the encoder according to claim 5,
The encoder characterized in that the base portion side inclined surface has an inclination angle of 30 ° or less with respect to a direction parallel to the rotation axis. The encoder according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a fixing portion to which the base portion is fixed.
In a state where the base portion and the rotating portion are fitted, the fixed portion and the base portion are provided so as to be separated from each other,
In the state where the base portion is fixed to the fixed portion, the base portion and the rotating portion are provided so as to be separated from each other. An encoder mounting method using the encoder according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Fixing the rotating part to a measurement object in a state in which the rotating part and the base part are fitted;
And a step of separating the rotating portion and the base portion in a state in which the rotating portion is fixed to the measurement target. A method for attaching an encoder according to claim 8, comprising:
The step of separating the rotating part and the base part is performed using a fastening force of a fastening member that fastens the base part and a fixing part to which the base part is fixed. Method.

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