JP2011084420A - Compost - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To promote utilization of waste produced during pearl culture so as to maintain a pearl oyster culturing environment enabling sustainable business that does not cause pollution of ocean, thereby reducing mortality of pearl oyster, promoting favorable growth of pearl oyster and preventing reduction in pearl yield. <P>SOLUTION: Compost is produced using pearl oyster flesh residue and matters attached to pearl oyster as raw materials so as to improve the pearl oyster culturing environment, provided that the pearl oyster flesh residue is the part remaining after removing ligaments and extracting at least one chosen from collagen, glycogen, taurine, phospholipid sterols and ceramides. The compost of higher quality can be obtained by further adding pearl oyster shell to the raw materials. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention is an environment for pearl oyster pearl farming in which there is no marine pollution, and therefore the mortality rate of pearl oysters is reduced, and the good growth of pearl oysters and the yield of pearls can be continued continuously. It is related with the compost which contributes to the production of agricultural products by obtaining good quality compost.

In pearl culture, pearl oysters are cultivated to remove pearls, and after nucleation, they are cultured in the sea for months to years, and then the pearls are removed. During this time, the cultivated Akoya oysters are tentacles such as bryozoans (Fusakokemushi, Chigomushimushi, Kobukomushimushi, etc.), mollusc bivalves (Musclei mussels, oysters, Namimagashiwa, etc.), arthropods, Sarasna barnacles, European barnacles, American barnacles, Sankaku barnacles, etc., annelids, polychaetes (Kasane Kanzashi, Uzumakigokai, etc.), chordate squirts (Shiroboya, Eboya, Yuleiboya, Nenekiboya, Shirosuboya, etc.), seaweeds A wide variety of organisms such as Fukuronori, Kagomenori, Aosa) are attached.
These attach to Akoya oysters, and some organisms puncture Akoya oyster shells, restrict feeding behavior, suppress Akoya oyster activity, and moribund. Clean the shell to remove it about 1 to 4 times a month.
In addition, when taking out a pearl from an pearl oyster shell, various methods are taken, but it is finally divided into a pearl, shellfish, a scallop, and a shell.

Of these, pearls are of course commercialized for the purpose of aquaculture, but they are also very tasty, whether they are raw or smoked, so they are traded at a high price and make up part of the cost of pearl culture.
In addition, shells are used as calcium preparations and calcium fertilizers and as cosmetic raw materials, but only a part of shells generated by pearl farming are used.
Shellfish other than scallops are used in sterols, mucopolysaccharides, collagen, etc., but the current situation is that they are used very little compared to the amount generated by pearl culture.
Furthermore, the use of organisms that attach to pearl oysters during the aquaculture process has not been used at all.
Among them, the octopus attached organisms that tend to accumulate on the seabed of shellfish and farms have a high rate of polluting the ocean and the surrounding environment.
Estimating the amount of waste generated in Ago Bay in Mie Prefecture in 2004 from Mie Prefecture survey, it was found that 2-year-old shellfish were 4.81 million shellfish and 3rd-year shellfish were 18.12 million shellfish. Assuming that the average wet weight is 75g, the waste generated from pearl farming in this year is estimated to be 775t of shells, 70t of shells, and 534t of shellfish other than shells. It is difficult to grasp the amount of waste because the organisms attached to the pearl oysters vary greatly depending on the conditions of the farm, and it is difficult to grasp the amount of waste because a substantial part is actually abandoned by the ocean when cleaning the shells. Therefore, it is estimated that a hundred and ten kilograms are generated during the period up to 10,000 days after raising 10,000 shellfish, and in 2004, the waste of pearl oysters attached to the oyster shellfish culture that exceeds 200 tons is generated. .
As a result, most of the waste generated in such a large amount was not used, resulting in marine pollution.

JP 63-057507 A JP 02-169509 A JP 2003-095854 A

The present inventors aim at a pearl farming method that increases the utilization of low-utility pearl oyster shellfish and pearl oyster deposits during aquaculture and is free from marine contamination, and studies on effective utilization methods using these Went.

  As a result of diligent studies to solve the above problems, Akoya pearl culturing is performed by using as a compost the shellfish except for the scallops that are generated when flying the pearls, which are not used efficiently in pearl culturing, and the oyster shell deposits that are generated during culturing. All the aquaculture waste generated in Japan can be used, and if this method is pushed forward without contaminating the sea and the land, like conventional pearl oyster pearl farming, it will flow from the land. Phosphorus and nitrogen can be fixed in the form of shellfish and pearl oysters and removed from seawater.

Some of the shellfish are already known methods, but sterols, mucopolysaccharides, collagen, glycogen, taurine, etc. can be extracted and highly utilized in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods. If you use it for composting, you can use most of the shellfish generated by pearl farming.
Needless to say, the shell can be used as a part of the compost, and can be used as a calcium agent, and can also be used as a disinfectant by firing.

First, Akoya mussel, but scallops are of high value for food use, so shells other than scallops are used.
In the case of pearl farming, consider the efficiency when taking out the pearls, put lime etc. to reduce the viscosity, and separate the pearls and shellfish with a shell crusher, but when shellfish is used for compost, depending on the amount of lime If the pH becomes too high and compost is used, fermentation or the like may be suppressed, so a lime use amount is required, or a step of removing (or reducing) this in a later step is necessary.
Further, when ethanol or the like is used, there are few problems when composting, and these may be used.
In either case, if the moisture is too high, composting will not be successful, so it is necessary to keep the moisture as low as possible, depending on the other compost materials to be mixed and the use ratio.
As the method, a known method may be used, but it is also effective to place it on a net or cloth and leave it until water flows out to some extent, or to reduce the water by squeezing the cloth. It is also possible to dehydrate using centrifugal force or the like.
It is also effective to wash with fresh water such as tap water to remove salt.

  Shellfish contains many substances that are useful as raw materials for foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, so using shellfish after extracting these leads to more effective use of resources, so glycogen, taurine, phospholipids It is also effective to use pearl oyster shellfish after extracting one or more sterols, ceramides and the like. The extraction method for glycogen and the like is not particularly limited, and the extraction method may be selected according to the purpose.

Some organisms attach to the mother shellfish during the pearl farming process, and if left untreated, the mother shellfish will die or become unhealthy mother shellfish, so it is necessary to clean it regularly. However, these are greatly related to aquaculture, ie marine pollution.
As mentioned above, there are a variety of organisms that attach to the organisms, and it has been found that the effectiveness increases when composted.
Needless to say, the pearl oyster shell deposits include those other than the above-mentioned attached organisms, and the pearl oyster shell deposits vary greatly depending on the season and place.
These attached organisms look at the state of the pearl oysters during the culturing of pearl oysters, and remove high-pressure seawater by spraying them on the pearl oyster shells and cultured troughs. Also, this is the same as shellfish, and it is also effective to use fresh water such as tap water or rain exposure to remove salt.
It is also effective to add a pulverization step when the mussel, oyster, barnacle, or the like has a shell.
In addition, depending on the situation, if a drying step is included, the range of subsequent operations and selection of formulations may be expanded. Drying may be natural drying or heat drying.

Combining this pearl oyster shellfish and pearl oyster shell deposits, but with only these two ingredients, the amount of nitrogen is too high and the C / N ratio is too low, so rice straw, straw, rice straw, sawdust, humus, fallen leaves, cutting Grass, bark, etc. are added and blended so that the C / N ratio finally becomes 10 to 25 although it varies depending on the blending of other raw materials.
These combinations significantly affect the fermentation / ripening period. When bark and sawdust are used, it is better to use them as compost after 3 months to 1 year or more.

It is also effective to add pearl oyster shells, one of the wastes generated from pearl farming. This is very effective for crops as shellfish has been used for a long time as a slow-acting calcium. However, since it is necessary to grind, it grinds to the required size.
In addition to this, animal dung such as cow dung, chicken dung and pig dung, fish meal, oil cake, bone meal, rice bran and the like can be added. Of course, household and commercial garbage can be used as a raw material.
In order to accelerate the progress of composting, it is also effective to use a fermentation accelerator containing microorganisms.
Compost is made from these materials as usual.

  Although a manufacturing example is shown below, it is not limited to this. Moreover, all manufacture examples were measured on the basis of capacity.

Compost production example 1
Akoya shellfish that had been intubated and cultivated for 6 to 15 months were fried and sorted into shellfish, shellfish, and shellfish other than shellfish (hereinafter simply referred to as shellfish).
Shellfish was put into a shellfish crusher (Sasaki Shoko Co., Ltd., trade name: Separe), and the same amount of seawater and ethanol were added so that the final alcohol concentration would be 0.004 to 0.008%.
The remaining shellfish from which the pearls have been collected is allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and then a portion of the shellfish is collected with a net, etc., and the submersible pump (stock) The supernatant liquid was extracted with Terada Pump Co., Ltd. (model SG-150C), and the remaining mantle, folds, legs, muscles, gonads, digestive cecum, etc. were collected.
The sawdust and pearl oyster deposits were mixed with the recovered crushed shellfish so that the ratio of shellfish: sawdust: pearl oyster deposits was 10: 4: 2.
The oyster shell deposits were obtained when the pearl oyster shells were cleaned using a washer shell cleaner, hand cleaner, grinder, shell cleaning blade, etc. during the cultivation. is there.
This was cut back once every two weeks while preventing the fertilizer components from being washed away due to rainfall, etc., and deposition and ripening management were carried out for 3 months.

Compost production example 2
Akoya shellfish that had been intubated and cultivated for 6 to 15 months were fried and sorted into shellfish, shellfish, and shellfish other than shellfish (hereinafter simply referred to as shellfish).
Shellfish was put into a shellfish crusher (Sasaki Shoko Co., Ltd., trade name Separe), ethanol was added so that the same amount of tap water and final alcohol concentration would be 0.004 to 0.008%, crushed, and pearls were collected.
The remaining shellfish from which the pearls have been collected is allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and then a portion of the shellfish is collected with a net, etc., and the submersible pump (stock) The supernatant liquid was extracted with Terada Pump Co., Ltd. (model SG-150C), and the remaining mantle, folds, legs, muscles, gonads, digestive cecum, etc. were collected.
The sawdust and pearl oyster deposits were mixed with the recovered crushed shellfish so that the ratio of shellfish: sawdust: pearl oyster deposits was 10: 4: 2.
The oyster shell deposits were obtained when the pearl oyster shells were cleaned using a washer shell cleaner, hand cleaner, grinder, shell cleaning blade, etc. during the cultivation. is there.
This was cut back once every two weeks while preventing the fertilizer components from being washed away due to rainfall, etc., and deposition and ripening management were carried out for 3 months.

Compost production example 3
Akoya shellfish that had been intubated and cultivated for 6 to 15 months were fried and sorted into shellfish, shellfish, and shellfish other than shellfish (hereinafter simply referred to as shellfish).
Shellfish was put into a shellfish crusher (Sasaki Shoko Co., Ltd., trade name: Separe), and the same amount of seawater and ethanol were added so that the final alcohol concentration would be 0.004 to 0.008%.
The remaining shellfish from which the pearls have been collected is allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and then a portion of the shellfish is collected with a net, etc., and the submersible pump (stock) The supernatant liquid was extracted with Terada Pump Co., Ltd. (model SG-150C), and the remaining mantle, folds, legs, muscles, gonads, digestive cecum, etc. were collected.
Ogakuzu and Akoya shellfish deposits and crushed Akoya shellfish shells were mixed into the recovered shellfish crushed material so that the ratio of shellfish: sawdust: Akoya shellfish deposits: crushed Akoya shellfish shell = 10: 4: 2: 1 .
The oyster shell deposits were obtained when the pearl oyster shells were cleaned using a washer shell cleaner, hand cleaner, grinder, shell cleaning blade, etc. during the cultivation. is there. The crushed pearl oyster shell was crushed so as to be 36 mesh or less.
This was cut back once every two weeks while preventing the fertilizer components from being washed away due to rainfall, etc., and deposition and ripening management were carried out for 3 months.

The properties of Production Examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1.

Effectiveness confirmation test 1
Osaki 923, Sakoko Hamajima-cho, Shima-shi, Mie Pref. Chemical fertilizer (made by Komeri, trade name flower and vegetable fertilizer 8-8) for 1 liter of air-dried soil dried with 2 mm sieve after drying the soil in Mikimoto Tokutoba Co., Ltd. -8) 0.625 g was added and stirred. Three of these were made, one as it was (control), and the other was added with 10.0 g of Production Example 1 and stirred. (Test 1) Further, 10.0 g of Production Example 2 was added to the remaining one, and the mixture was stirred. (Test 2)
These soils were put in two resin pots each having an inner diameter of 12 cm and a height of 10 cm, and 25 seeds of Komatsuna (Tokita Seedling Co., Ltd., Shosai Komatsuna) were sown as directed.
After 3 weeks, germination rate, body weight, and leaf length were measured. (Body weight was measured for the weight of the ground part of all germinated individuals, and leaf length was measured for 5 individuals in order of increasing pots.)
The results are shown in Table 2. (Body weight and leaf length described mean and standard deviation)

Effect confirmation test 2
Sakoko Osaki 923, Hamajima-cho, Shima-shi, Mie Prefecture Mikimoto Co., Ltd. made three sections of 1.0 x 4.0m in the Tokuba area, and the control section is a chemical fertilizer (made by Komeri, trade name flower and vegetable fertilizer 8-8 -8 and the same) 500 g, Manufacture Example 1 was fertilized with 2326 g of Manufacture Example 1 and 250 g of chemical fertilizer, and Manufacture Example 2 was fertilized with 2899 g of Manufacture Example 2 and 250 g of compound fertilizer.
In each of these districts, 10 seedlings of Hamayu were planted. The stock height and leaf length were measured after 3 months. Table 3 shows the results of the average value and standard deviation.

These are photographs of test 1 (manufacturing example 1 fertilization) of confirmation test 1 for effect, and 3 weeks after sowing. These are the photographs of test 2 (manufacturing example 2 fertilization) of confirmation test 1 of the effect and 3 weeks after sowing. Is a control of effect confirmation test 1, 3 weeks after sowing.

Claims (4)

  Compost made from Akoya shellfish and Akoya shell deposits.   Compost made from the residue obtained by extracting one or more of collagen, glycogen, taurine, phospholipids, sterols, and ceramides from pearl oyster shellfish except scallops and pearl oyster shell deposits.   Furthermore, the compost of Claim 1 thru | or 2 which added the pearl oyster shell.   The compost according to claims 1 to 3, which has been fermented to have a C / N ratio of 10 to 25 and a nitrogen content of 1.0 to 2.0%.