JP2011039660A - Memory controller, image processing system and control method for memory access - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the access efficiency of a semiconductor memory to/from which image data is written and read. <P>SOLUTION: An access cost calculation part calculates the number of cycles necessary for at least either readout access or write access for each of a plurality of memory maps as access costs. A memory map selection part selects the memory map whose access costs are the lowest from the memory maps. A parameter conversion part converts an access address based on the memory map selected by the memory map selection part. An access control part generates a control signal for performing access to a semiconductor memory based on the converted access address, Thus, it is possible to improve the access efficiency of a semiconductor memory by performing access to the semiconductor memory by using the memory map whose access costs are low. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a memory controller, an image processing system, and a memory access control method.

  Since moving image data has an enormous amount of information, it is not realistic to handle it as it is. For example, moving image data is H.264. The data is compressed and encoded in accordance with international standards such as H.264 and MPEG-2 (Moving Picture Experts Group-2) and handled as a bit stream. In this type of compression encoding, a motion vector is detected for each macroblock constituting a frame, and a predicted image is generated from the motion vector and a reference image that is image data of the previous frame. Then, difference image data that is a difference between the predicted image and the compression processing target image is generated and compressed and encoded. Compression encoding is performed on a macroblock basis. The difference image data before compression coding is added with the predicted image data in order to generate a reconstructed image. The reference image and the reconstructed image are held in a semiconductor memory such as a frame memory as frame data.

  For example, in detecting a motion vector, a reference image is read from a semiconductor memory. The reconstructed image is written into the semiconductor memory for each macroblock. For this reason, the access frequency of the semiconductor memory in the encoding process is high. Similarly, in the decoding process, the access frequency of the semiconductor memory is high.

  In order to reduce the access frequency to the semiconductor memory, a method has been proposed in which a buffer memory is provided in the encoding processing unit, and only pixel data not held in the buffer memory is read from the semiconductor memory (for example, Patent Document 1-2). reference.). In addition, there has been proposed a technique for improving the detection accuracy of the motion amount by detecting the motion amount using image data of a plurality of hierarchies (see, for example, Patent Document 3). In a semiconductor memory device, a method for improving access efficiency by simultaneously selecting memory cells in a plurality of rows has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 4). Further, a motion vector of a reduced image obtained by reducing image data. A method for detecting a motion vector of an original image using the method has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 5).

JP 2008-271292 A JP 2006-340139 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-222169 JP 2001-312885 A JP 2004-193906 A

  A semiconductor memory such as a DRAM used as a frame memory has a plurality of pages selected by row addresses. Each page has a plurality of storage areas selected by column addresses. The semiconductor memory is accessed according to a memory map assigned in advance. In general, a memory map of a semiconductor memory is assigned so as to improve access efficiency at the time of so-called horizontal access used when displaying each frame image. However, this memory map does not improve the access efficiency at the time of so-called rectangular access used in the encoding process and the decoding process.

  For example, when a rectangular reference image used for motion vector detection is held in one page, the access efficiency is high. On the other hand, when the reference image is held across a plurality of pages, the access efficiency is lowered. Even if the reference image is held in one page, the access efficiency is low if the storage area of the reference image is not along the boundary of the column address.

  An object of the present invention is to improve the access efficiency of a semiconductor memory that reads and writes image data.

  A memory controller that performs read access or write access to a semiconductor memory according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an access cost calculation unit that calculates the number of cycles required for at least one of read access and write access as an access cost for each of a plurality of memory maps. A memory map selection unit that selects a memory map having the lowest access cost from the memory map, a parameter conversion unit that converts an access address based on the memory map selected by the memory map selection unit, and a converted access address And an access control unit that generates a control signal for accessing the semiconductor memory.

  Access efficiency of the semiconductor memory can be improved by accessing the semiconductor memory using a memory map with a low access cost.

2 illustrates an example of a memory controller in one embodiment. The example of the image processing system in another embodiment is shown. 3 shows an example of the internal configuration of the DRAM shown in FIG. An example of horizontal access of the DRAM shown in FIG. 3 is shown. An example of rectangular access of the DRAM shown in FIG. 3 is shown. 4 shows another example of rectangular access of the DRAM shown in FIG. 4 shows another example of rectangular access of the DRAM shown in FIG. 3 shows an example of a memory map selected by a memory map selection unit shown in FIG. 3 shows another example of a memory map selected by the memory map selection unit shown in FIG. 3 shows another example of a memory map selected by the memory map selection unit shown in FIG. 3 shows another example of a memory map selected by the memory map selection unit shown in FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an encoding processing circuit in the moving image processing unit illustrated in FIG. 2. 3 illustrates an example of a decoding processing circuit in the moving image processing unit illustrated in FIG. 2. 3 shows an example of moving image shooting and playback operations by the image processing system shown in FIG. FIG. 4 shows another example of moving image shooting and reproduction operations by the image processing system shown in FIG. 2. FIG. FIG. 4 shows another example of moving image shooting and reproduction operations by the image processing system shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 13 shows an example of motion vector detection by the encoding processing circuit shown in FIG. 14 shows an example of the operation of the decoding processing circuit shown in FIG. 3 shows an example of the operation of the image processing system shown in FIG. An example of a state change of the memory map storage memory shown in FIG. 2 is shown. 3 shows an example of operation timing of the image processing system shown in FIG. The example of the image processing system in another embodiment is shown. The example of operation | movement of the moving image process part shown in FIG. 22 is shown. 23 shows an example of the operation of the image processing system shown in FIG. The example of the operation | movement timing of the image processing system shown in FIG. 22 is shown. 3 shows another example of an image processing system. 3 shows another example of an image processing system.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, but extends to the matters described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of a memory controller in one embodiment. For example, the memory controller includes an access cost calculation unit, a memory map selection unit, a parameter conversion unit, and an access control unit in order to perform read access or write access to a semiconductor memory such as a DRAM. The access cost calculation unit receives access information necessary for accessing the DRAM. The access information is included in the access request AREQ supplied to the memory controller. The access cost calculation unit calculates the number of cycles required for at least one of read access and write access as the access cost for each of the plurality of memory maps MAP (MAP1-3 in this example). The access cost calculation unit outputs the access cost ACST obtained for each memory map MAP.

  The memory map selection unit selects the memory map MAP having the lowest access cost from the memory maps MAP1-3. The parameter conversion unit converts the access address based on the memory map MAP selected by the memory map selection unit, and outputs it as a part of the access parameter APRM. The access address is included in the access request AREQ supplied to the memory controller. For example, the parameter conversion unit converts the access address to access the current frame data using the memory map MAP selected based on the access cost calculated for the past frame. Alternatively, the parameter conversion unit converts an access address to access corresponding frame data using a memory map MAP selected based on an access cost calculated in advance for a frame that will occur in the future.

  The access control unit generates a control signal CNT for accessing the DRAM based on the converted access address. The control signal CNT includes information for causing the DRAM to perform an access operation (read operation or write operation) such as a command COM, a bank address BA, a row address RA, and a column address CA. When the DRAM is read-accessed, the DRAM outputs read data from the data terminal DQ. When the DRAM is write-accessed, it receives write data at the data terminal DQ.

  As described above, the write data can be written into the DRAM using the memory map having the highest access efficiency. Read data can also be read from the DRAM using a memory map with the highest access efficiency. In this way, access efficiency of the DRAM can be improved by accessing the DRAM using a memory map having a low access cost.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of an image processing system SYS in another embodiment. The same elements as those described in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. For example, the image processing system SYS shown in FIG. 2 shows a part of a digital video camera. The image processing system SYS may be applied to a mobile phone, a digital still camera, a video recorder, a video player, and the like in order to realize at least one of an image data encoding function and an image data decoding function. Here, the image data indicates data for displaying one frame (one screen) or data of a plurality of macroblocks included in one frame. A moving image is generated by sequentially reproducing a plurality of frames of image data.

  The image processing system SYS includes, for example, a memory controller 100, a moving image processing unit 200, a camera module 300, a DRAM 400, and a storage unit 500. The memory controller 100 includes an arbitration unit 10, an access cost calculation unit 12, an access cost storage memory 14, a memory map selection unit 16, a memory map storage memory 18, a parameter conversion unit 20, an access control unit 22, an input switching unit 24, and an output switching. A unit 28 and a write buffer 26.

  The moving image processing unit 200 includes an encoding processing circuit 210 and a decoding processing circuit 240. The encoding processing circuit 210 reads image data captured by the camera module 300 and held in the DRAM 400 from the data terminal DQ of the DRAM 400 as read data RDD0 in units of macroblocks. The encoding processing circuit 210 is an H.264 signal. A bit stream is generated by performing compression coding processing according to a compression coding standard such as H.264 or MPEG-2 (Moving Picture Experts Group-2). When the compression encoding of one macro block is completed, the encoding processing circuit 210 reads the image data of the next macro block from the DRAM 400 and performs compression encoding. Thereafter, the encoding processing circuit 210 performs compression encoding on all macroblocks included in the frame. The generated bit stream is written into the DRAM 400 via the input switching unit 24 as write data WRD0. Note that the bitstream may be written in the storage unit 500. The input switching unit 24 selects the write data WRD0 and outputs it to the write buffer 26 when the arbitrating unit 10 outputs the arbitration signal ARBS0. The input switching unit 24 selects the write data WRD1 and outputs it to the write buffer 26 when the arbitration unit 10 outputs the arbitration signal ARBS1.

  The moving image processing unit 200 outputs a plurality of access requests AREQ0 to the memory controller 100 for each compression encoding process of one macroblock. For example, read access for reading a macroblock of a compression encoding target frame is performed, and read access of a reference image used by the motion compensation unit 226 and the motion detection unit 228 shown in FIG. 12 is performed. Further, a write access of the reconstructed image output from the deblocking filter unit 222 is performed. The moving image processing unit 200 outputs a frame synchronization signal SYSC to the memory controller 100 when starting processing of one frame of image data.

  The camera module 300 includes an image sensor that captures a moving image. The camera module 300 outputs the captured moving image data WRD1 to the input switching unit 24 in order to write it into the DRAM 400. The camera module 300 receives the image data RDD1 in the DRAM 400 via the output switching unit 28 and displays it on a display device such as a liquid crystal display LCD. The storage unit 500 includes a recording disk such as a DVD medium or a Blu-ray medium, and a disk drive device. Alternatively, the storage unit 500 is a hard disk drive device or a flash memory. The decoding processing circuit 240 decodes the bit stream in the DRAM 400 or the storage unit 500 to generate image data.

  The memory controller 100 generates an access control signal CNT for accessing the DRAM 400 in response to an access request AREQ0-1 from the moving image processing unit 200 and the camera module 300. The access request AREQ0 includes a read / write type RW0, an access coordinate XY0, an access size SIZE0 (horizontal size XSIZE and vertical size YSIZE), and an access frame number FNO0. The access request AREQ1 includes a read / write type RW1, an access coordinate XY1, an access size SIZE1 (horizontal size XSIZE and vertical size YSIZE), and an access frame number FNO1.

  Upon receiving the access request AREQ0, the arbitration unit 10 outputs an arbitration signal ARBS0 indicating acceptance of the access request AREQ0 to the moving image processing unit 200. However, when executing the process in response to the access request AREQ1 from the camera module 300, the arbitration unit 10 holds the output of the arbitration signal ARBS0 until the process in response to the access request AREQ1 is completed. Similarly, the arbitration unit 10 that has received the access request AREQ1 outputs an arbitration signal ARBS1 indicating acceptance of the access request AREQ1 to the camera module 300. However, when the arbitration unit 10 is executing a process in response to the access request AREQ0 from the moving image processing unit 200, the arbitration unit 10 holds the output of the arbitration signal ARBS1 until the process in response to the access request AREQ0 is completed. The arbitration unit 10 outputs the information included in the access request AREQ0 or AREQ1 to the access cost calculation unit 12 and the parameter conversion unit 20 as the access parameter APRM0.

  The parameter converter 20 reads map information MINF indicating a memory map corresponding to the access frame number FNO (FNO0 or FNO1) included in the access parameter APRM0 from the memory map storage memory 18. The parameter conversion unit 20 converts the access coordinates XY (XY0 or XY1) included in the access parameter APRM0 into access coordinates XY ′ corresponding to the read map information MINF. The parameter conversion unit 20 outputs the converted access coordinates XY ′ to the access control unit 22 as the access parameter APRM1 together with the access size SIZE (SIZE0 or SIZE1) and the access frame number FNO. Accordingly, the DRAM 400 is accessed using the access coordinates XY ′ converted by the parameter conversion unit 20 instead of the access coordinates XY output from the moving image processing unit 200 and the camera module 300.

  Based on the access coordinates XY ′, the read / write type RW (RW0 or RW1), the access size SIZE0 (or SIZE1), and the access frame number FNO0 (or FNO1) from the parameter conversion unit 20, the access control unit 22 Is output to the DRAM 400. The control signal CNT includes information for causing the DRAM 400 to perform an access operation (write operation or read operation) such as a command COM, a bank address BA, a row address RA, and a column address CA.

  When the read / write type RW included in the access parameter ARRM1 indicates a read operation, image data is read from the area corresponding to the access frame number FNO in the DRAM 400. For example, as for the image data, a rectangular area designated by the access coordinates XY ′ and the access size SIZE0 (or SIZE1) is read by rectangular access, or is read by frame unit by horizontal access. The read image data is supplied to the output switching unit 28 as read data RDD. The output switching unit 28 outputs the read data RDD0 to the moving image processing unit 200 in response to the access request AREQ0, and outputs the read data RDD1 to the camera module 300 in response to the access request AREQ1.

  On the other hand, when the read / write type RW included in the access parameter ARRM1 indicates a write operation, the write buffer 26 temporarily stores the write data WRD (WRD0 or WRD1) received via the input switching unit 24. The write buffer 26 outputs the stored write data WRD to the data terminal DQ of the DRAM 400 as write data WRD in synchronization with the control signal CNT generated for each of a plurality of write accesses. The write data WRD only needs to be written in the DRAM 400 until the next read. Therefore, the access efficiency is improved by reducing the frequency of write access to the DRAM 400 by the write buffer 26.

  In general, in an image processing system using an image memory such as the DRAM 400, the transfer rate of the image memory that also operates as a frame memory is set faster than the writing rate to the display device necessary for the screen display operation. Thus, new frame data can be read and written by rectangular access while image data read from the image memory by horizontal access is displayed on the screen. Therefore, the creation of frame data and the output of frame data can be performed without interruption. Thus, horizontal access and rectangular access are mixed in an actual image processing system.

  The access cost calculation unit 12 receives the access coordinates XY and the access size SIZE of the rectangular access area included in the parameters of the access request AREQ. The access cost calculation unit 12 accesses the DRAM 400 by using a plurality of preset memory maps MAPj (for example, j = 1, 2, 3, 4; MAP1-4 shown in FIGS. 8 to 11). Calculate the access cost when. Specifically, the access cost calculation unit 12 calculates the sum of the access cost required when reading data necessary for encoding or decoding one frame from the DRAM 400 and the access cost required for writing. A value Nj (j = 1, 2, 3, 4) is calculated for each memory map MAP1-4.

  Although not particularly limited, the access cost is the number of clock cycles necessary for accessing the DRAM 400. For example, the access cost may be calculated based on the number of active commands and the number of read / write commands. The access cost calculation unit 12 writes the total access cost value N1-4 calculated for each memory map MAP1-4 in the access cost storage memory 14 in association with the frame number FNO. An example of a specific operation of the access cost calculation unit 12 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The memory map selection unit 16 reads the total value N1-4 of access costs held in the access cost storage memory 14 corresponding to the frame number FNO0. The memory map selection unit 16 uses the map information MINF indicating the memory map MAP (any one of MAP1-4) for obtaining the minimum access cost based on the total value N1-4, and the memory map MAP of the frame to be processed next. Is written in the memory map storage memory 18.

  In this embodiment, the access cost calculation unit 12 calculates the access cost based on the access parameter APRM0 of the processing target frame. Therefore, the memory map MAP selected based on the obtained access cost is not used for accessing the processing target frame. The selected memory map MAP is used for accessing a frame to be processed in the future. In other words, the access cost calculation unit 12 calculates an access cost for a past processing frame. For this purpose, the memory map selection unit 16 writes the selected memory map MAP in the memory map storage memory 18 in association with the future processing target frame number.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of the internal configuration of the DRAM 400 shown in FIG. For example, the DRAM 400 is an SDRAM that operates in synchronization with a clock, and is a large-capacity and high-speed semiconductor memory in which an integrated circuit is formed on a semiconductor substrate. The DRAM 400 may be designed as a macro (IP) mounted on a system LSI or the like, or may be designed as a semiconductor memory device enclosed in a package. The DRAM 400 has a plurality of banks BK (four banks BK0-3 in FIG. 3). Each bank BK0-3 has a plurality of blocks BLK, and each block BLK has a plurality of word lines WL, bit lines BL, and memory cells MC arranged at the intersections thereof. Memory cell MC has a MOS transistor whose gate is connected to word line WL, and a capacitor connected to the MOS transistor.

  In the example of FIG. 3, four banks BK0-3 are associated with bank addresses BA (BA0-BA3). The word line WL is associated with the row address RA (RA0-RA7), and the bit line BL is associated with the column address CA (CA0-CA127). One of the banks BK0-3 is selected by the bank address BA. One of the word lines WL in the selected bank BK is selected by the row address RA. A bit line in the selected bank BK is selected by the column address CA.

  With the bank address BA, the row address RA, and the column address CA, data of 4 bytes BY0-3 is accessed by one read command or one write command. Since one byte is 8 bits, data of 4 bytes, that is, 4 × 8 = 32 bits, is read or written in association with the data input / output terminal DQ of the DRAM 400 by one access. That is, in this example, the data terminal DQ of the DRAM 400 is 32 bits.

Display image data in the image processing system SYS shown in FIG. 2 is stored in the DRAM 400 for each frame. The display image data includes data such as a luminance signal Y and color difference signals Cb and Cr of each pixel and an RGB gradation signal of each pixel, and each signal includes, for example, 8-bit (1 byte) data. Thus, when the information amount of one pixel is 1 byte (8 bits), data of 4 pixels can be input or output by one access. Thereby, the bandwidth for the DRAM 400 can be increased. Here, the bandwidth means the number of pixels that can be read or written per unit time. In the memory map shown in FIG. 3, page areas PAGE specified by the bank address BA and the row address RA are arranged in a matrix. One page area PAGE has 128 memory unit areas specified by column addresses CA0-127. Each memory unit area stores 4-byte data BY0-3. The 4-byte data BY0-3 is input or output via the 32-bit data input / output terminals DQ0-7, DQ8-15, DQ16-23, and DQ24-31 of the DRAM 400. The 8-bit data of each byte corresponds to the pixel signal data.

  The memory map shown in FIG. 3 is suitable for operating an image memory such as a DRAM 400 having a plurality of banks BK at high speed. The DRAM 400 drives the selected word line WL in the selected bank BK in response to the active command ACT given together with the bank address BA and the row address RA. Then, the DRAM 400 reads data in the memory cell MC onto the bit line BL, and performs an active operation of activating the sense amplifier associated with the bit line BL to amplify the bit line potential. Thereafter, in response to a read command given together with the column address CA, a read operation for reading data from the selected bit line BL is performed. Alternatively, the DRAM performs a write operation for writing the write data to the selected bit line BL in response to a write command given together with the column address CA and the write data after the active operation. After the read operation or the write operation, a precharge operation by a precharge command is performed, and the active operation, the read operation, or the write operation is performed again. As described above, in the DRAM 400, each bank can independently perform an active operation, a read operation, and a write operation.

  According to the memory map of FIG. 3, different bank addresses BA0-3 are associated with page areas PAGE that are adjacent vertically and horizontally. That is, bank addresses BA0-1 are alternately arranged in odd rows of the memory map, and bank addresses BA2-3 are alternately arranged in even rows. Further, the row address RA0-7 is incremented by two in the raster direction (row direction; horizontal direction in the figure) of the memory map. Each row of the memory map is folded at four row addresses RA0-3 and RA4-7.

  As described above, the page area PAGE on the frame image is allocated on the DRAM 400 so that the page area PGAE of the same bank BK is not adjacent in either the row direction or the column direction. By adopting such memory mapping, in the horizontal access, the two banks BK can be accessed while simultaneously executing the active operation and the read operation or the write operation, and the access efficiency can be improved. Here, the horizontal access is a typical access to an image memory such as the DRAM 400, and is an access for moving and selecting the page area PAGE in the row direction. Similarly, the access efficiency can be improved when accessing in the vertical direction. The memory map shown in FIGS. 3 to 7 is an example for explaining the operation of the DRAM 400 in an easy-to-understand manner, and is different from the memory map shown in FIGS. 8-11 for explaining the operation of the embodiment.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of horizontal access of the DRAM 400 shown in FIG. The horizontal access is an access that frequently occurs when a video frame image is input and output, and corresponds to a raster scan in which the image is accessed in the horizontal direction (the horizontal direction in FIG. 4) from the upper left to the lower right. In horizontal access, scanning is performed in the horizontal direction, so that memory access can be efficiently performed while simultaneously activating adjacent banks.

  For example, the access to the memory area indicated by the black thick frame in FIG. 4 is an access that exceeds the boundary of the memory unit area (4-byte area) selected by the column address CA. As described above, the page area PAGE specified by the bank address BA and the row address RA is divided into a plurality of memory unit areas selected by the column addresses CA0-127, and 4 bytes BY0-3 by one column address CA. Are simultaneously accessed. For this reason, the horizontal access is performed with relatively little waste.

  Specifically, when accessing a memory area indicated by a black thick frame, first, the memory controller 100 issues an active command ACT that designates the page area BA2 / RA5. Next, the memory controller 100 issues four read commands RD together with the column addresses CA0-3. Then, 4-byte data BY0-3 respectively corresponding to the column addresses CA0-3 are continuously input or output. In this case, the memory area indicated by the black thick frame includes the bytes BY2-3 of the column address CA0 to the bytes BY0-1 of the column address CA3. For this reason, of the 4-byte input / output data DQ corresponding to the column address CA0, the data of the bytes BY0-1 is not necessary. Of the 4-byte input / output data DQ corresponding to the column address CA3, the data of the bytes BY2-3 is not necessary. Therefore, the valid output data is 12 bytes / 16 bytes.

  FIG. 5 shows an example of rectangular access of the DRAM 400 shown in FIG. Rectangle access is MPEG2 or H.264. The access frequently occurs in the encoding process and decoding process of an image such as H.264, and corresponds to an operation in which a rectangular area having an arbitrary aspect ratio is accessed from the upper left to the lower right. The rectangular area is MPEG2 or H.264. H.264 motion vector detection target macroblock regions, reference regions, and the like.

  For example, each rectangular area indicated by a black thick frame in FIG. 5 is along the boundary of the memory unit area (4-byte area) selected by the column address CA. When accessing the memory area indicated by the thick black frame, first, the memory controller 100 issues an active command ACT that designates the page area BA2 / RA5. Next, the memory controller 100 issues four read commands RD together with column addresses CA6, 7, 10, and 11. Then, 4-byte data BY0-3 respectively corresponding to the column addresses CA6, 7, 10, 11 is continuously input or output. In FIG. 5, since all data in the accessed area is input or output, valid output data is 16 bytes / 16 bytes.

  As described above, in the rectangular access, the position of the accessed rectangular area is set so as not to exceed the single bank BK, and further, the page area PAGE in the bank BK is not exceeded. Memory access can be performed. This is because the data in the rectangular area can be accessed by one active operation that designates the bank address BA and the row address RA.

  FIG. 6 shows another example of rectangular access of the DRAM 400 shown in FIG. For example, the access to the rectangular area indicated by the thick black frame in FIG. 6 is an access that exceeds the boundary of the memory unit area (4-byte area) selected by the column address CA. When accessing the memory area indicated by the thick black frame, first, the memory controller 100 issues an active command ACT that designates the page area BA2 / RA5. Next, the memory controller 100 issues six read commands RD together with column addresses CA0, 1, 4, 5, 8, and 9. Then, 4-byte data BY0-3 corresponding to the column addresses CA0, 1, 4, 5, 8, and 9 is continuously input or output.

  However, the rectangular area indicated by the thick black frame does not coincide with the boundary of the memory unit area (4-byte area) selected by the column address CA and exceeds the boundary of the 4-byte area. For this reason, half of each 4-byte data BY0-3 is unnecessary data. That is, the valid output data is 12 bytes / 24 bytes. FIG. 6 shows the worst case when one page area PAGE is rectangularly accessed.

  Thus, even with the same number of bytes of data, the access efficiency may differ between rectangular access and horizontal access. Specifically, in the rectangular access of FIG. 6, it is necessary to input or output 24 bytes of data by six read commands RD. On the other hand, in the horizontal access of FIG. 4, 16 bytes of data may be input or output by four read commands RD. Therefore, when accessing a rectangular area that exceeds the boundary of a 4-byte area (memory unit area) selected by one column address CA, the effective bandwidth decreases.

  FIG. 7 shows another example of rectangular access of the DRAM shown in FIG. Since the rectangular access is an access to an arbitrary rectangular area, the rectangular area may exceed the boundary of adjacent page areas PAGE. For example, in the access of the rectangular area indicated by the thick black frame in FIG. 7, the rectangular area is a 16-byte area extending over four adjacent page areas BA3 / RA2, BA2 / RA3, BA1 / RA6, and BA0 / RA7.

  When accessing the memory area indicated by the thick black frame, first, the memory controller 100 issues four active commands ACT for the page areas BA3 / RA2, BA2 / RA3, BA1 / RA6, and BA0 / RA7. Next, the memory controller 100 issues four read commands RD for the column addresses CA127 (BA3), CA124 (BA2), CA3 (BA1), and CA0 (BA0). Then, 4-byte data BY0-3 respectively corresponding to the column addresses CA127, 124, 3, 0 are continuously input or output. As described above, when the rectangular area to be accessed includes the adjacent page area PAGE, the active command ACT must be issued a plurality of times in order to activate different banks BK. Therefore, the amount of data that can be accessed per unit time is reduced, and the effective bandwidth is reduced.

  When the rectangular area indicated by the black thick frame in FIG. 7 is partitioned in the middle of the memory unit area (4-byte area) selected by the column address CA, as shown in FIG. 6, 4-byte data BY0 At least one of −3 is unnecessary data. In this case, the effective bandwidth is further reduced. As described above, the rectangular access straddling the bank BK or the rectangular access straddling the memory unit area where the rectangular area is a data input / output unit causes a reduction in the access efficiency of the image memory. In this embodiment, the current rectangular access is analyzed, a memory map that does not lower the access efficiency in the subsequent rectangular access is selected, and image data is written into the DRAM 400 according to the selected memory map. Thereby, the access efficiency of the DRAM 400 in the image processing system SYS can be improved.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of a memory map selected by the memory map selection unit 16 shown in FIG. A memory map MAP1 indicated by a thick frame in the drawing indicates an area for holding one frame of pixel data for displaying one screen, and indicates a relationship with an address assigned to each pixel. In the memory map MAP1 shown in FIG. 8, for example, the page PAGE specified by the bank address BA2 and the row address RA495 holds pixel data having an x coordinate of 0 to 63 and a y coordinate of 1072 to 1087. . Further, in the area specified by the column address CA240 of this page PAGE, 4-byte BY0-3 pixel data whose x coordinate is 0 to 3 and whose y coordinate is 1087 is held. A small hatched frame in FIG. 8 shows an example of an access area of access coordinates XY0 ((X, Y) = (62, 16)) and access size SIZE ((XSIZE, YSIZE) = (8, 2)). In this case, the access is made across the page PAGE adjacent to the left and right.

  FIG. 9 shows another example of the memory map selected by the memory map selection unit 16 shown in FIG. A memory map MAP2 indicated by a thick frame in the figure indicates an area for holding one frame of pixel data and indicates a relationship with an address assigned to each pixel. The memory map MAP2 illustrated in FIG. 9 is a mapping in which the storage position of each pixel is shifted by +32 in the x direction as compared with the memory map MAP1. The page region PAGE that holds the leftmost pixel of the frame FL has 32 columns of pixel data from 0 to 31 in the x coordinate, CAn (n = 16m + 8, 16m + 9, 16m + 10,..., 16m + 15 However, hold using m = 0, 1, 2,..., 15). In the remaining left half column, the pixel data is not held and is set as an empty area. Similarly, the page area PAGE that holds the pixel at the right end of the frame has pixel data for 32 columns with x coordinates from 1888 to 1919 as CAn (n = 16 m, 16 m + 1, 16 m + 2,... 16m + 7, where m = 0, 1, 2,. The remaining right half of the column does not hold pixel data and is a free area. A small hatched frame in FIG. 9 shows an example of an access area of access coordinates XY0 ((X, Y) = (62, 16)) and access size SIZE ((XSIZE, YSIZE) = (8, 2)). In this case, access is completed within one page PAGE.

  FIG. 10 shows another example of the memory map selected by the memory map selection unit 16 shown in FIG. A memory map MAP3 indicated by a thick frame in the drawing shows an area for holding one frame of pixel data, and shows a relationship with an address assigned to each pixel. The memory map MAP3 illustrated in FIG. 10 is a mapping in which the storage position of each pixel is shifted by +8 in the y direction compared to the memory map MAP1. The page area PAGE that holds the pixel at the upper end of the frame FL has pixel data for eight rows with y coordinates from 0 to 7 as the lower half column CAn (n = 128, 129, 130,... 255). The remaining upper half of the column does not hold pixel data and is a free area. Similarly, the page holding the pixel at the lower end of the frame has the pixel data for eight rows with y coordinates from 1080 to 1087, CAn (n = 0, 1, 2,..., 127) as upper half columns. ) To hold. In the remaining lower half of the column, pixel data is not retained and is set as an empty area.

  FIG. 11 shows another example of the memory map selected by the memory map selection unit 16 shown in FIG. A memory map MAP4 indicated by a thick frame in the drawing shows an area for holding one frame of pixel data, and shows a relationship with an address assigned to each pixel. In the memory map MAP4 shown in FIG. 11, the page PAGE designated by the bank address BA2 and the row address RA480 holds pixel data having an x coordinate of 0 to 31 and a y coordinate of 1056 to 1087. Further, the area specified by the column address CA248 of this page PAGE holds 4-byte BY0-3 pixel data whose x coordinate is 0 to 3 and whose y coordinate is 1087.

  FIG. 12 illustrates an example of the encoding processing circuit 210 in the moving image processing unit 200 illustrated in FIG. The encoding processing circuit 210 includes an error image generation unit 212, an orthogonal transform / quantization unit 214, an entropy encoding unit 216, an inverse quantization / inverse orthogonal transform unit 218, a reconstructed image generation unit 220, a deblocking filter unit 222, An in-screen prediction unit 224, a motion compensation unit 226, a motion detection unit 228, and a switching unit 230 are included. In this example, the encoding processing circuit 210 has the H.264 format. The moving image encoding process in H.264 is performed, but the moving image encoding process in MPEG-2 or the like may be performed. The encoding processing circuit 210 performs, for example, motion detection, motion compensation, intra prediction, error image generation, orthogonal transformation / quantization, for each macroblock composed of 16 pixels in the horizontal direction and 16 pixels in the vertical direction. Inverse quantization / inverse orthogonal transformation, reconstructed image generation, filtering for deblocking, and entropy encoding are performed to generate a bit stream obtained by compression encoding image data.

  The motion detection unit 228 uses the image data of the frame for which the encoding process has been completed as a reference image, detects which position in the reference image the macroblock (current image) to be processed corresponds to, and a motion vector Calculate as The motion compensation unit 226 generates a predicted image between screens (between frames) from a macroblock and a motion vector in a reference image corresponding to the target macroblock (current image).

  The intra-screen prediction unit 224 uses the image data of the adjacent macroblocks that have already been encoded in the frame including the macroblock to be processed, to calculate the predicted image in the screen of the macroblock to be processed. Generate. H. In compression encoding by H.264 / AVC, either an intra-screen prediction method or an inter-screen prediction method can be selected as a prediction image generation method for each macroblock. The switching unit 230 selects an inter-screen prediction image when the motion compensation unit 226 operates, and selects an intra-screen prediction image when the intra-screen prediction unit 224 operates. The switching unit 230 outputs the selected predicted image to the error image generation unit 212 and the reconstructed image generation unit 220.

  The error image generation unit 212 calculates a difference between the macro block (original image) to be processed and the predicted image, and generates an error image. The orthogonal transform / quantization unit 214 performs quantization processing after orthogonally transforming the error image, and obtains a quantized transform coefficient. The entropy encoding unit 216 performs encoding processing on the quantized transform coefficient in order to generate a bit stream that is image information in which the information amount is compressed.

  The inverse quantization / inverse orthogonal transform unit 218 performs inverse quantization on the quantized transform coefficient, performs inverse orthogonal transform, and restores an error image. The reconstructed image generation unit 220 generates a reconstructed image from the restored error image and the predicted image used by the error image calculation unit 212. The deblocking filter unit 222 performs a process of reducing block distortion generated in the reconstructed image by the processes in the orthogonal transform / quantization unit 214 and the inverse quantization / inverse orthogonal transform unit 218. The reconstructed image with reduced block distortion is written to the frame memory (DRAM 400) as image data of the target frame. In practice, reading of the reference image from the DRAM 400 and writing of the reconstructed image to the DRAM 400 are performed via the memory controller 100.

  The stored image data is used as a reference image for the encoding process of the next frame. Although not particularly limited, the DRAM 400 also functions as a frame memory. That is, the DRAM 400 has a frame image area that holds image data of a predetermined number of frames (for example, 15 frames). In the frame image area, the access cost calculation unit 12 shown in FIG. 2 calculates an access cost for each frame in order to select a memory map with high access efficiency.

  FIG. 13 shows an example of the decoding processing circuit 240 in the moving image processing unit 200 shown in FIG. The decoding processing circuit 240 includes an entropy decoding unit 242, an inverse quantization / inverse orthogonal transform unit 244, a reconstructed image generation unit 246, a deblocking filter unit 248, a motion compensation unit 250, an intra-screen prediction unit 252 and a switching unit 254. is doing. The moving image decoding process is performed in units of macroblocks as in the encoding process. In the decoding of one macroblock, entropy decoding, inverse quantization / inverse orthogonal transformation, error image generation, motion compensation, intra prediction, and deblocking filtering are performed, and a reconstructed image is generated from the bitstream.

  The motion compensation unit 250 receives the motion prediction information (motion vector) and macroblock type that have been decompressed and decoded by the entropy decoding unit 242. The motion compensation unit 250 issues an access request with the coordinates specified by the motion vector as the access coordinates and the block size specified by the macroblock type as the access size to the frame memory (DRAM 400). A reference image necessary for generating a predicted image is received from the frame memory. Then, the motion compensation unit 250 generates a predicted image between screens from the received reference image.

  The intra-screen prediction unit 252 receives the intra-screen prediction information that has been decompressed and decoded by the entropy decoding unit 242. The in-screen prediction unit 252 receives image data of adjacent macroblocks that have already been decoded in a frame including the macroblock to be processed. Then, the intra-screen prediction unit 252 generates an intra-screen prediction image from the intra-screen prediction information and the received image data.

  The switching unit 254 receives, from the entropy decoding unit 242, information on whether the encoding process of the processing target macroblock has been performed by the intra prediction method or the inter prediction method. Such information is included in the bitstream. When encoding is performed using the intra-screen prediction method, the switching unit 254 selects a predicted image within the screen from the intra-screen prediction unit 252. When the encoding is performed using the inter-screen prediction method, the switching unit 254 selects the inter-screen prediction image from the motion compensation unit 250. The switching unit 254 outputs the selected predicted image to the reconstructed image generation unit 246.

  The entropy decoding unit 242 decodes a bit stream that is image information in which the information amount is compressed, and generates a quantized transform coefficient. The operations of the inverse quantization / inverse orthogonal transform unit 244, the reconstructed image generation unit 246, and the deblocking filter unit 248 are the same as the inverse quantization / inverse orthogonal transform unit 218, the reconstructed image generation unit 220, and the deblocking shown in FIG. The operation is the same as that of the filter unit 222. The reconstructed image that has been subjected to the deblocking filter processing is written into the frame memory (DRAM 400). The reconstructed image is read as a reference image for generating a predicted image between screens in the subsequent frame decoding process. In practice, an access request to the DRAM 400 is made via the memory controller 100 shown in FIG. Reading of the reference image from the DRAM 400 and writing of the reconstructed image to the DRAM 400 are also performed via the memory controller 100.

  FIG. 14 shows an example of moving image shooting and reproduction operations by the image processing system SYS shown in FIG. The black thick frame indicates the H.264 in each frame FL (FLt, FLt + 1, etc.). The time required for processing a moving image such as H.264 or MPEG2 is shown. For example, when a moving image every 30 frames / second is to be processed, each frame FL must be completed in 1/30 seconds (approximately 0.033 seconds). When shooting a moving image, the camera module drives the shutter SHT every 1/30 seconds.

  In this example, in the encoding process at the time of shooting, an effective bandwidth of memory access necessary for the process is sufficiently secured, and all the frames are completed within 1/30 second. The encoded image data (bit stream) is written in the storage medium SM, for example. The decoding process when reading the image data from the storage medium SM and reproducing the moving image is completed within 1/30 second. For this reason, in the display process for displaying the moving image on the display device, all the frames are sequentially reproduced.

  FIG. 15 shows another example of moving image shooting and playback operations by the image processing system SYS shown in FIG. In this example, an effective band is insufficient in the frame FLt + 1 in the encoding process at the time of shooting. Due to insufficient bandwidth, the encoding process is not completed in 1/30 seconds. For this reason, the processing of the frame FLt + 1 is continuously performed at the time when the processing of the frame FLt + 2 should be originally performed. In this case, the encoding process of the frame FLt + 2 is skipped. The encoded image data (bit stream) from which the frame FLt + 2 is missing is written, for example, in the storage medium SM.

  In the decoding process for reproducing the moving image, the image data of the frame FLt + 2 does not exist in the storage medium SM. For this reason, in the decoding process, no process is originally performed during the time for decoding the frame FLt + 2. In the display process for displaying the moving image on the display device, the frame FL + 1 is reproduced twice. The display / reproduction time is changed from the original 1/30 second to 2/30 second only for the frame FLt + 1, and it becomes an image in which the viewer feels uncomfortable.

  FIG. 16 shows another example of moving image shooting and reproduction operations by the image processing system SYS shown in FIG. In this example, in the decoding process for reproducing a moving image, an effective band is insufficient in the frame FLt + 1. Decoding processing is not completed in 1/30 seconds due to insufficient bandwidth. For this reason, the processing of the frame FLt + 1 is continuously performed at the time when the processing of the frame FLt + 2 should be originally performed. In this case, the decoding process after the frame FLt + 2 is sequentially delayed.

  In the display process for displaying the moving image on the display device, the decoding process for the frame FL + 1 is not completed when the display of the frame FLt is completed. For this reason, the frame FLt is reproduced twice. As a result, as in FIG. 15, the display / reproduction time is changed from the original 1/30 second to 2/30 second only for the frame FLt, and an image that is uncomfortable when viewed is generated.

  FIG. 17 shows an example of motion vector detection by the encoding processing circuit 210 shown in FIG. In the moving image encoding process, motion detection requires the most bandwidth with the frame memory (DRAM 400). In detecting a motion vector, first, a reference area is set in a reference frame. The reference frame can be freely set from frames that have already been encoded. Next, a rectangular area most similar to the processing target macroblock is detected in the reference area. The relative coordinates of the upper left pixel of the detected rectangular area as viewed from the upper left pixel of the processing target macroblock are the motion vector. Since the image data of the reference area is necessary to determine the similarity, a read access to the reference frame stored in the frame memory occurs.

  For example, in order to reduce the access frequency of the frame memory, the reference area is fetched from the frame memory to the memory for the reference area provided in the motion detection unit 228, and then the similarity with the macro block to be processed is determined. Referenced for calculation. The processing shown in FIG. 17 is sequentially performed for all the macroblocks in the processing target frame FLt.

  For example, H.M. In Level 4.0 of H.264, the vector output by motion detection can be encoded from -2048 to +2047.75 in the x direction and from -512 to +511.75 in the y direction. From the viewpoint of the image quality of the encoded image, it is desirable to determine the similarity at all the coordinates in the above range and calculate the coordinate with the highest similarity. However, the reference area to be read from the frame memory is limited based on the amount of calculation of the motion detection process and the bandwidth necessary for reading the reference area from the frame memory, and the most similar coordinates are calculated in the limited area. The method is common.

  FIG. 18 shows an example of the operation of the decoding processing circuit 240 shown in FIG. FIG. 18 shows the relationship between the motion vector restored by the entropy decoding unit 242 and the read access of the reference area. The size of the read access in the reference area is (16 pixels, 16 pixels), and the access coordinates are points (MVx, MVy) indicated by the motion vector. Here, when the relationship between the memory map of the reference area and the memory access is within the same page PAGE as shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, when the relationship between the memory map of the reference area and the memory access crosses the page PAGE boundary or the bank BK boundary, the access becomes inefficient.

  FIG. 19 shows an example of the operation of the image processing system SYS shown in FIG. In this example, H.264 of a moving image shot by the camera module 300 is shown. The encoding process by H.264 etc. is shown. Times T1 to T4 indicate the processing time of each frame.

  For example, the camera module 300 writes the image data (original image) of the frame FLt + s (s is an integer of 2 or more) into the DRAM 400 via the memory controller 100 during the processing time T1 of one frame. During the processing time T1, the moving image processing unit 200 reads the macroblock of the frame FLt + 1 from the DRAM 400 for encoding. In addition, the moving image processing unit 200 reads a reference image of the previous frame FLt from the DRAM 400 in order to detect a motion vector. Then, the moving image processing unit 200 writes the reconstructed image generated by the deblocking filter unit 222 in the DRAM 400 as a reconstructed image of the corresponding macroblock of the frame FLt + 1.

  Here, the image data of the frame FLt is written in the DRAM 400 by the camera module using a memory map MAP (for example, MAP1) designated in advance. On the other hand, the access cost calculation unit 12 calculates the number of read cycles Nj (j = 0, 1, 2, 3) when it is assumed that the frame FLt is held in each of the memory maps MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, and MAP4. To the access cost storage memory 14.

  The memory map selection unit 16 determines the one having the smallest value among the values of Nj (j = 0, 1, 2, 3) and maps information MINF indicating the memory map MAP (MAP3 in this example). Are written in the memory map storage memory 18 as the memory map MAP when the future frame FLt + 2 is accessed. The parameter conversion unit 20 uses the access coordinates XY included in the access request AREQ based on the memory map MAP specified by the memory map storage memory 18 corresponding to the frame to be accessed as the access coordinates XY for actually accessing the DRAM 400. Convert to '.

  In the processing time T2, the macro block of the frame FLt + 2 is encoded. The original image data of FLt + 2 is read using the memory map MAP because the camera module has written in the DRAM 400 using a memory map MAP (for example, MAP1) specified in advance. The reconstructed image after the encoding process is written using the memory map MAP3 having the lowest access cost calculated in advance. Similarly to the above, the memory map MAP (MAP1 in this example) having the lowest access cost is obtained for the frame FLt + 1 read as the reference image. The memory map selection unit 16 stores the map information MINF indicating the memory map MAP1 when the reconstructed image of the frame FLt + 3 is written and accessed at the processing time T3 and when it is read and accessed as the reference image at the processing time T4. Write to the memory map storage memory 18 as MAP. Thereby, at the processing time T3, the frames FLt + 2 and FLt + 3 can be accessed with the memory map MAP having the lowest access cost. Similarly, the subsequent frame processing can be accessed with the memory map MAP having the lowest access cost.

  Note that the access cost calculation unit 12 may calculate not only the read access cost but also the write access cost. Specifically, the access cost calculation unit 12 may calculate an access cost for the frame FL in which the reconstructed image is written and write it in the access cost storage memory 14. That is, the access cost for writing the reconstructed image of the frame FLt + 1 may be calculated at the processing time T1. In this case, the memory map selection unit 16 selects the memory map MAP having the smallest average value of the access cost for the read access and the write access for the frame FLt + 1 at the processing time T2. The selected memory map MAP is used as a memory map when accessing the frame FLt + 3. Alternatively, the access cost calculation unit 12 may calculate only the cost of write access.

  In accessing the hatched frame of the memory map MAP1-2 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the number of cycles required for the access is as follows. In FIG. 8, the memory controller 100 outputs an active command of BA = 2, RA = 0 and BA = 3, RA = 0 to the DRAM 400 until n1 cycle from the completion of access to the last column address CA. is there. In FIG. 9, n2 cycles from when the memory controller 100 outputs the active command of BA = 3 and RA = 0 to the DRAM 400 until the access to the last column address CA is completed.

  The access cost calculation unit 12 calculates the number of access cycles n1-2 in the memory maps MAP1-2. Similarly, the access cost calculation unit 12 calculates the access cycle numbers n3 to n4 in the memory maps MAP3 to MAP4. The calculated access cycle numbers n1 to n4 in each of the memory maps MAP1 to MAP4 are cumulatively added to all access requests generated in the processing of one frame FL. While the moving image processing unit 200 performs processing of one frame FL, m access requests are transmitted to the arbitration unit 10, and the number of access cycles when the i-th access request is made to the memory maps MAP1 to MAP4. Let n1 (i), n2 (i), n3 (i), and n4 (i), respectively. The total value Nj of the number of cycles required for all access requests generated in the processing of one frame in the memory map MAPj is Nj = nj (1) + nj (2) +... + Nj (m). However, j = 1, 2, 3, and 4.

  Note that, also in the decoding process by the decoding processing circuit 240 shown in FIG. 13, the memory map MAP having the lowest access cost can be specified for the frame FL to be accessed in the same manner as described above. The operation of the image processing system SYS during the decoding process is the same as that in FIG. 19 except that there is no processing of the camera module 300 and no macroblock reading. For example, when decoding the bit stream of the frame FLt + 1, the reference image of the previous frame FLt is read from the DRAM 400. Then, the reconstructed image of the decoded frame FLt + 1 is written into the DRAM 400 in units of macro blocks. The operations of the access cost calculation unit 12 and the memory map selection unit 16 are the same as in the encoding process.

  FIG. 20 shows an example of a state change of the memory map storage memory 18 shown in FIG. In the initial state, while the moving image processing unit 200 processes the frame FLt + 1, read access to the frame FLt and write access to the frame FLt + 1 occur. For this reason, the memory map storage memory 18 stores information indicating the memory maps MAP1 and MAP2 for two frames of the frame FLt and the frame FLt + 1. When the processing of the frame FLt + 1 is completed, access to the frame FLt does not occur in the subsequent processing. Therefore, the memory map selection unit 16 indicates the memory map MAP3 of the frame FLt + 2 in the area where the memory map of the frame FLt is stored. Overwrite information.

  According to the above procedure, the memory map MAP3 of the frame FLt + 2 is selected so that the cycle necessary for the read access of the frame FLt generated in the frame FLt + 1 is minimized. For this reason, it cannot be guaranteed that the moving image processing unit 200 selects a memory map that minimizes the number of memory access cycles that occur when the frame FLt + 2 is processed. However, in moving image processing, it can be expected that the correlation of image features is high between frames that are close in time. Therefore, it can be expected that the memory access generated in the process is very similar. That is, the characteristics of the memory access that occurs in the process of the frame FLt + 1 are similar to the characteristics of the memory access that occurs in the process of the frame FLt + 2 and the characteristics of the memory access that occur in the process of the frame FLt + 3. For this reason, in this embodiment, the effect of reducing the number of access cycles is not impaired.

  FIG. 21 shows an example of the operation timing of the image processing system SYS shown in FIG. FIG. 21 shows an operation at the time of encoding processing when shooting a moving image. Before starting the processing of each frame, the moving image processing unit 200 outputs a synchronization signal SYNC in order to reset the access cost held in the access cost calculation unit 12 (RESET). The camera module 300 writes the captured image data for one frame into the DRAM 400 in m times via the memory controller during the processing period of one frame (WR1-WRm). The moving image processing unit 200 performs a macroblock encoding process (CODE1-CODEp) in order to generate stream data from the captured image.

  The arbitration unit 10 arbitrates access from the camera module 300 and access from the moving image processing unit 200. The access cost calculation unit 12 obtains an access cost for each macroblock when using the memory map MAP1-4 according to the access parameter APRM0 from the parameter conversion unit 20, and cumulatively adds the access cost (CALC). The parameter conversion unit 20 reads the type of the corresponding memory map MAP from the memory map storage memory 18 based on the access frame number FL included in the access parameter APRM0. The parameter conversion unit 20 converts the access parameter APRM0 into the access parameter APRM1 according to the type of the read memory map MAP (PCNV) and outputs it to the access control unit 22.

  At the beginning of the processing of the next frame, the access cost calculation unit 12 outputs the access cost of the previous frame to the access cost storage memory 14 for each memory map MAP in response to the synchronization signal SYNC (COST). The memory map selection unit 16 selects map information MINF indicating the memory map MAP indicating the minimum cost among the access costs written in the access cost storage memory 14. The memory map selection unit 16 writes the selected map information MINF into the memory map storage unit 18. Thereby, the access efficiency of the DRAM 400 can be improved.

  It should be noted that in the conventional encoding method using the same memory map for all frames, the number of cycles required for memory access is the maximum when all macroblocks require a misaligned position as a reference area ( Cworst0). Here, “alignment deviation” means that the access area crosses the boundary of the memory unit area (4-byte area), or the access area crosses the boundary of the page area PAGE.

  On the other hand, when switching between the two types of memory maps MAP1-2, if all the macroblocks in the memory map MAP1 are misaligned, this can be avoided by selecting the memory map MAP2. When all the macroblocks in the memory map MAP2 are misaligned, this can be avoided by selecting the memory map MAP1. For this reason, in both of the memory maps MAP1-2, the number of access cycles is maximized when the alignment of the reference areas required by half of the macroblocks is shifted.

  Therefore, when two types of memory maps MAP1-2 are used, the worst cycle number of memory access is (Cworst1 + Cbest2) / 2 or (Cbest1 + Cworst2) / 2. Here, Cworst1 is the worst number of access cycles in the memory map MAP1. Cworst2 is the worst number of access cycles in the memory map MAP2. Cbest1 is the number of access cycles when the alignment is matched in the memory map MAP1. Cbest2 is the number of access cycles when the alignment is matched in the memory map MAP2. For example, Cbest2 is half of Cworst1, and Cbest2 = 50 cycles and Cworst1 = 100 cycles. At this time, the worst cycle number of memory access ((Cworst1 + Cbest2) / 2) is 75 cycles. That is, by applying this embodiment, the number of access cycles can be reduced by 25%. By selectively using the four memory maps MAP1-4, the number of access cycles can be further reduced.

  As described above, also in this embodiment, the same effect as that of the above-described embodiment can be obtained. Furthermore, by calculating the access cost for each memory map MAP1-4 corresponding to each frame constituting the moving image, it is possible to obtain optimum access efficiency for each frame. Furthermore, by calculating the access cost for each macroblock and accumulating, the memory map MAP with high access efficiency can be obtained on average even when encoding processing or decoding processing is performed for each fine block. .

  The access efficiency of the DRAM 400 can be improved by using the calculated access cost in the selection of a memory map of a frame to be generated in the future in the encoding process or decoding process of a moving image having a high correlation between frames. Thereby, the performance of the image processing system SYS can be improved. Specifically, by improving the access efficiency, the encoding processing time and the decoding processing time can be shortened, and the problems shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 can be prevented. Alternatively, a low-speed image memory can be employed by improving access efficiency. As a result, power consumption can be reduced and system cost can be reduced.

  As described above, in the image processing in which the access size and the access coordinates are adaptively changed, the access efficiency can be improved and the number of access cycles can be minimized. In particular, MPEG and H.264. It is useful when applied to an apparatus that frequently generates rectangular accesses, such as H.264 encoding processing and decoding processing. Further, as described above, a reduction in the number of access cycles of 25% can always be guaranteed even under the worst conditions.

  FIG. 22 shows an example of an image processing system SYS in another embodiment. The same elements as those described in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The image processing system SYS of this embodiment has a memory controller 100A instead of the memory controller 100 of FIG. The memory controller 100A has an access cost calculation unit 12A instead of the access cost calculation unit 12 of FIG. Further, the image processing system SYS has a preprocessing unit 600. Other configurations of the image processing system SYS are the same as those in FIG.

  Prior to the encoding process by the moving image processing unit 200, the preprocessing unit 600 removes high-frequency components by using a low-pass filter and subsampling, or applies a low-pass filter to an original image and a reference image captured by the camera module 300. Reduced images are generated only by sub-sampling without using them. Here, the original image is an image taken at a certain time, and the reference image is a part of an image taken before the certain time. For example, when an encoding target image composed of 1920 pixels in the horizontal direction and 1088 pixels in the vertical direction is reduced at a reduction ratio of 1/4 in the vertical direction and 1/4 in the horizontal direction, the reduced image has 480 pixels in the horizontal direction and 272 pixels in the vertical direction. In the reduced image, the number of pixels constituting the macroblock is 4 horizontal pixels and 4 vertical pixels. The reduction ratio of the reduced image may be other than 1/4 in the vertical and horizontal directions.

  The preprocessing unit 600 performs motion detection between the reduced original image and the reduced reference image to obtain a reduced motion vector. In this example, the reduction ratio is 1/4 in the x direction and 1/4 in the y direction with respect to the resolution of the original image. For this reason, by detecting a motion vector in a reduced image, a reference area to be subjected to motion detection processing in the original image is set to 7 pixels in the x direction (a range of ± 3 centering on the x component of the reduced motion vector), and the y direction It can be limited to 7 pixels (range of ± 3 around the y component of the reduced motion vector). By performing motion vector detection hierarchically in this way, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of computation and bandwidth while searching for motion vectors in a wide reference region. Note that the motion detection processing of the macroblock of the reduced image is the same as that in FIG. 17 except that the number of pixels handled is different.

  Further, the preprocessing unit 600 generates access pattern information APINF corresponding to the access parameter APRM0 that will occur in the future frame processing in the moving image processing unit 200 based on the detected reduced motion vector, and the access cost calculation unit 12A Output to. Similar to the access parameter APRM0, the access pattern information APINF includes a read / write type RW1, an access coordinate XY1, an access size SIZE1, and an access frame number FNO1.

  Based on the input access pattern information APINF, the access cost calculation unit 12A calculates the number of access cycles in the memory map MAP1-4 and writes the total value N1-4 to the access cost storage memory 14. The operations of the memory map selection unit 16 and the memory map storage unit 18 are the same as those in FIG.

  Thereafter, the moving image processing unit 200 reads out the macroblock to be processed and the corresponding reference image from the DRAM 400 in order to encode the image data of the frame FL for which the reduced motion vector has already been obtained. Specifically, the moving image processing unit 200 outputs an access request AREQ0 to the memory controller 100 in order to read a macroblock and a reference image from the DRAM 400. The arbitration unit 10 outputs the access request AREQ0 as the access parameter APRM0.

  The parameter conversion unit 20 reads map information MINF indicating the memory map MAP corresponding to the access frame number FNO0 included in the access parameter APRM0 from the memory map storage memory 18. The parameter conversion unit 20 converts the access coordinates XY0 included in the access parameter APRM0 into access coordinates XY ′ corresponding to the read map information MINF. The access control unit 22 accesses the DRAM 400 based on the converted access coordinates XY ′. Then, the moving image processing unit 200 obtains a motion vector of the processing target macroblock. Here, as shown in FIG. 23, the motion vector is detected only in the vicinity of the coordinates corresponding to the reduced motion vector calculated using the reduced image.

  FIG. 23 shows an example of the operation of the moving image processing unit 200 shown in FIG. For example, the encoding processing unit 210 reads the reference area from the DRAM 400 based on the detection result of the reduced motion vector in the reduced image, and detects the actual motion vector. In this example, the pseudo motion vector corresponding to the reduced motion vector is generated by multiplying the reduced motion vector by four. In the image processing system SYS illustrated in FIG. 22, the reduced motion vector is detected by the preprocessing unit 600 before the moving image processing unit 200 detects the motion vector. For this reason, the size of the reference area required for obtaining the motion vector of the macroblock to be processed is significantly smaller than that in FIG.

  In the motion detection shown in FIG. 23, image data from −3 to +3 in the x direction and from −3 to +3 in the y direction is required centering on the reference image (broken frame in the figure) corresponding to the pseudo motion vector. is there. For this reason, in order to read the reference area from the DRAM 400, memory access of the access size SIZE (22, 22) and the access coordinates XY (MVx-3, MVy-3) is required. Here, the coordinates (MVx, MVy) are points indicated by the pseudo motion vector. When the relationship between the memory map of the reference area and the memory access is within the same page PAGE as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, when the relationship between the memory map of the reference image and the memory access crosses the page PAGE boundary and the bank BK boundary, the access is inefficient.

  FIG. 24 shows an example of the operation of the system SYS shown in FIG. In this example, H.264 of a moving image shot by the camera module 300 is shown. The encoding process by H.264 etc. is shown. Times T1 to T4 indicate the processing time of each frame. Since operations of the camera module 300, the moving image processing unit 200, and the memory map selection unit 16 are the same as those in FIG. 19, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In this example, the pre-processing unit 600 analyzes a memory access pattern that will occur when performing an encoding process in the future, based on the detected reduced motion vector. Based on the analyzed access pattern, the access cost calculation unit 12A calculates the number of access cycles required for reading data of a frame generated in the future for each memory map MAP1-4, and writes it in the access cost storage memory 14. . The operation of the access cost storage memory 14 is the same as that in FIG.

  Thereafter, the moving image processing unit 200 supplies an access request AREQ0 (write access request and read access request) to the arbitrating unit 10 when performing the encoding process. The arbitration unit 10 outputs the access request AREQ0 as an access parameter APRM0 to the parameter conversion unit 20. The parameter conversion unit 20 converts the access parameter APRM0 into the access parameter APRM1 using the memory map MAP with the lowest access cost. Then, the access control unit 22 accesses the DRAM 400 using the converted access parameter APRM1.

  The access pattern analysis is performed on a frame that is two frames or more ahead of the frame to be encoded. For example, in the processing time T1 when the moving image processing unit 200 reads and encodes the macroblock of the frame FLt + 1, the preprocessing unit 600 performs the reduced motion vector detection of the frame FLt + 3, and uses the access pattern information APINF as the access cost calculation unit. 12A is notified. The access cost calculation unit 12A calculates the number of cycles of read access to the frame FLt + 2 that will occur when the frame FLt + 3 is encoded in the future, and writes it in the access cost storage memory 14. The memory map selection unit 16 calculates the total number of read access cycles of the frame FLt + 2 stored in the access cost storage memory 14 for each of the MAPs 1-4, and determines the memory map MAP that minimizes the number of cycles. Write to the memory map storage memory 18. At the processing time T2, the frame FLt + 2 is encoded by the moving image processing unit 200, and the reconstructed image of the frame FLt + 2 is written to the DRAM 400. At the processing time T1, the memory map selection unit 16 writes to the memory map storage memory 18. It is written using the memory map MAP. At the processing time T3, in the encoding process of the frame FLt + 3, the frame FLt + 2 is read as a reference image, but the reconstructed image of the frame FLt + 2 is written in the memory map MAP that minimizes the number of read access cycles generated at the processing time T3. Therefore, the number of cycles required for access is reduced.

  Note that the access cost calculation unit 12A may calculate not only the read access cost but also the write access cost. Specifically, the access cost calculation unit 12 </ b> A may calculate an access cost for the frame FL into which the reconstructed image is written, and write it in the access cost storage memory 14. That is, the access cost for writing the reconstructed image of the frame FLt + 2 generated at the processing time T2 may be calculated at the processing time T1. In this case, the memory map selection unit 16 has the smallest average value of the access cost of the write access for the reconstructed image of the frame FLt + 2 at the processing time T2 and the access cost of the read access for the reference image of the frame FLt + 2 at the processing time T3. Select MAP. The selected memory map MAP is used as a memory map when the reconstructed image of the frame FLt + 2 is written and accessed at the processing time T2. Since the reconstructed image is written in units of macroblocks, the access size SIZE is (16, 16) and the access coordinates XY are (16m, 16n). However, (m = 0, 1, 2, 3,..., N = 0, 1, 2, 3,...).

  FIG. 25 shows an example of the operation timing of the image processing system SYS shown in FIG. The operations of the camera module 300 and the moving image processing unit 200 are the same as those in FIG.

  The preprocessing unit 600 detects a reduced motion vector for each macroblock (DETV). The access pattern information APINF is calculated from the pseudo motion vector obtained by the detection of the reduced motion vector, and is output to the access cost calculation unit 12A. Specifically, since the reference area is read, the read / write type RW1 is read access. As shown in FIG. 23, the access coordinate XY1 is (MVx-3, MVy-3), where (MVx, MVy) is the detected reduced motion vector. The access size SIZE1 is (22, 22), and the access frame number FNO1 is “(frame number of detection target of reduced motion vector) −1”. For example, when the process target frame for detecting the reduced motion vector is the frame FLt, the access frame number FNO1 is “t−1”. The access cost calculation unit 12A operates in the same manner as the access cost calculation unit 12 except that the access cost is calculated using the access pattern information APINF input from the preprocessing unit 600.

  In this embodiment, the memory map MAP used for writing the reconstructed image of the frame FLt is determined and selected using the information of the memory access generated for the frame FLt directly. However, the memory map MAP that minimizes the number of access cycles can be selected more accurately. Specifically, H.C. In the encoding process using H.264 or the like, a reduced motion vector in a reduced image is detected as preprocessing, and access pattern information APINF is generated based on the reduced motion vector. Since the access size and access coordinates of the read access of the reference area generated in the frame encoding process can be accurately known from the motion vector in the reduced image, the number of read access cycles generated in the encoding process of each frame Can be estimated accurately.

  H. When applied to decoding processing by H.264 or the like, the memory map is selected at the timing shown in FIG. 25 as in the encoding processing. H. In the decoding processing such as H.264, the processing performed by the entropy decoding unit 242 among the processing described with reference to FIG. The entropy decoding unit 242 performs entropy decoding on the stream data, and generates a motion vector and a macroblock type as access pattern information APINF. The access size SIZE1 and access coordinates XY1 of the read access of the reference image generated in the frame decoding process can be accurately known by the motion vector and the macroblock type. Therefore, it is possible to accurately estimate the number of read access cycles generated in the decoding process of each frame. For example, at the processing time T1 when the moving image processing unit 200 is performing the decoding process of the frame FLt + 1, the preprocessing unit 600 performs the entropy decoding process of the frame FLt + 3 and notifies the access pattern information APINF to the access cost calculation unit 12A. The access cost calculation unit 12A calculates the number of cycles of read access to the frame FLt + 2 that will occur when the frame FLt + 3 is decoded in the future, and writes it in the access cost storage memory 14. The memory map selection unit 16 calculates the total number of read access cycles of the frame FLt + 2 stored in the access cost storage memory 14 for each of the MAPs 1-4, and determines the memory map MAP that minimizes the number of cycles. Write to the memory map storage memory 18. At the processing time T2, the frame FLt + 2 is decoded by the moving image processing unit 200, and the reconstructed image of the frame FLt + 2 is written into the DRAM 400, but the memory that the memory map selection unit 16 has written into the memory map storage memory 18 at the processing time T1. Written using map MAP. At the processing time T3, in the decoding process of the frame FLt + 3, the frame FLt + 2 is read as a reference image, but the reconstructed image of the frame FLt + 2 is written in the memory map MAP that minimizes the number of read access cycles generated at the processing time T3. Therefore, the number of cycles required for access is reduced.

  As described above, also in this embodiment, the same effect as that of the above-described embodiment can be obtained. Furthermore, in an image processing system that performs encoding processing using a reduced image, the access efficiency of the DRAM 400 can be improved, and the performance of the image processing system can be improved.

  In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the memory controller 100 accesses the DRAM 400 has been described. However, for example, the memory controller 100 may access other semiconductor memories such as SRAM, pseudo SRAM, flash memory, and ferroelectric memory.

  The above-described embodiment has described an image processing system that handles image data encoding or decoding. However, the data encoded and decoded according to the above-described embodiment may not be image data as long as the data is handled in time series in units of blocks.

  The encoding processing circuit 210 illustrated in FIG. 12 may include a memory map type writing unit that writes map information MINF indicating the type of the memory map MAP selected by the memory map selection unit 16 into the bitstream. In this case, the decoding processing circuit 240 illustrated in FIG. 13 may include a memory map type reading unit that reads map information MINF indicating the type of the memory map MAP written in the bit stream. At this time, the memory map storage memory 18 stores the type of the memory map MAP read by the memory map type reading unit. The parameter conversion unit 20 converts the access address based on the memory map MAP stored in the memory map storage memory 18.

  The above-described embodiments may be applied to the image processing system shown in FIGS. The memory controller shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 has the function of the memory controller 100 shown in FIG. 2 or the memory controller 100A shown in FIG.

  FIG. 26 shows a digital video camera that compresses and encodes digital image data and records / stores it. Digital input image data photographed by the camera is stored in the DRAM via the memory controller. The encoding processing unit reads the digital image data stored in the DRAM via the memory controller, and performs MPEG-2 or H.264. An encoding process is performed according to an international standard such as H.264, and a bit stream is generated as compressed data of digital image data. The generated bit stream is written and stored in a storage medium such as an SD card, a hard disk drive, or a DVD-R. A reconstructed image that is generated during the encoding process and needs to be referred to in the subsequent image data encoding process is written to the DRAM via the memory controller, and is read out during the subsequent image data encoding process. It is.

  FIG. 27 shows a digital image data reproducing apparatus that decompresses and decodes a compression-encoded bit stream and reproduces / displays digital image data. A bit stream written and stored in a storage medium such as an SD card, a hard disk drive, or a DVD is input to the decoding processing unit. In the decoding processing unit, MPEG-2 or H.264 is used. The decoding process is performed according to a standard such as H.264, in which a bitstream is encoded, and a reconstructed image that is digital image data is restored and generated. The generated reconstructed image is stored in the DRAM via the memory controller. The restored reconstructed image stored in the DRAM is read from the decoding processing unit via the memory controller because it is necessary for the subsequent bitstream restoration processing. In addition, a display device such as a display or a television monitor also reads a reconstructed image from the DRAM via a memory controller for reproduction display.

The invention described in the above embodiments is organized and disclosed as an appendix.
(Appendix 1)
A memory controller for read access or write access to a semiconductor memory,
An access cost calculator that calculates the number of cycles required for at least one of read access and write access as an access cost for each of the plurality of memory maps;
A memory map selection unit for selecting a memory map having the lowest access cost from the memory map;
A parameter converter that converts an access address based on the memory map selected by the memory map selector;
An access control unit for generating a control signal for accessing the semiconductor memory based on the converted access address;
A memory controller comprising:
(Appendix 2)
In the memory controller described in Appendix 1,
The semiconductor memory holds image data for each frame for displaying one screen,
The access cost calculation unit calculates an access cost when accessing a processing target frame for each of the plurality of memory maps,
The memory map selection unit is configured to access any of the memory maps used for accessing the processing target frame based on the access cost calculated by the access cost calculation unit for a frame to be processed before the processing target frame. A memory controller characterized by selecting whether or not.
(Appendix 3)
In the memory controller described in Appendix 1,
The semiconductor memory holds image data for each frame for displaying one screen,
The access cost calculation unit receives access pattern information related to access to the semiconductor memory of a frame to be processed after a frame to be processed, and is necessary for at least one of read access and write access based on the access pattern information Calculate the number of cycles as the access cost for each memory map,
The memory controller, wherein the memory map selection unit selects one of the memory maps used for accessing a corresponding frame to be processed based on the access cost calculated by the access cost calculation unit.
(Appendix 4)
In the memory controller described in Appendix 3,
A memory controller, comprising: a preprocessing unit that generates the access pattern information based on a motion vector in a reduced image.
(Appendix 5)
In the memory controller according to appendix 3 or appendix 4,
The memory controller, wherein the preprocessing unit generates the access pattern information based on the motion vector and a macroblock type.
(Appendix 6)
In the memory controller according to any one of appendix 2 to appendix 5,
The access cost calculation unit calculates the access cost for each memory map corresponding to each of the frames,
The memory controller, wherein the memory map selection unit selects a memory map having the lowest access cost from the memory map for each frame.
(Appendix 7)
In the memory controller according to any one of appendix 2 to appendix 6,
The access cost calculation unit calculates the access cost for each block obtained by dividing each frame into a plurality of the plurality of memory maps, and accumulates the access cost for each frame,
The memory controller, wherein the memory map selection unit selects a memory block having the smallest accumulated access cost.
(Appendix 8)
In the memory controller according to any one of appendices 1 to 7,
A memory controller having a write buffer for temporarily storing write data at the time of write access, and performing write access to the semiconductor memory for each of a plurality of write accesses.
(Appendix 9)
The memory controller according to any one of appendix 2 to appendix 8, and
An image processing system comprising: an encoding processing circuit that encodes image data.
(Appendix 10)
In the image processing system according to attachment 9,
The image processing system, wherein the encoding processing circuit includes a memory map type writing unit that writes a type of the memory map selected by the memory map selection unit into a bitstream.
(Appendix 11)
In the image processing system according to attachment 10,
A decoding processing circuit for decoding the compression-encoded image data;
The decoding processing circuit includes a memory map type reading unit that reads a type of a memory map written in the bitstream,
The memory controller includes a memory map storage memory for storing a memory map type read by a memory map type reading unit,
The parameter conversion unit converts an access address based on a memory map stored in a memory map storage memory.
(Appendix 12)
The memory controller according to any one of appendix 2 to appendix 8, and
An image processing system comprising: a decoding processing circuit that decodes compression-encoded image data.
(Appendix 13)
A memory access control method for read access or write access to a semiconductor memory,
Calculate the number of cycles required for at least one of read access and write access as the access cost for each memory map,
Select the memory map with the lowest access cost from the memory map,
Based on the selected memory map, the access address is converted,
A method for controlling memory access, comprising: generating a control signal for accessing the semiconductor memory based on the converted access address.

  From the above detailed description, features and advantages of the embodiments will become apparent. This is intended to cover the features and advantages of the embodiments described above without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. Further, any person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field should be able to easily come up with any improvements and modifications, and there is no intention to limit the scope of the embodiments having the invention to those described above. It is also possible to rely on suitable improvements and equivalents within the scope disclosed in.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Arbitration part; 12 ... Access cost calculation part; 14 ... Access cost preservation | save memory; 16 ... Memory map selection part; 18 ... Memory map preservation | save memory; 20 ... Parameter conversion part; 22 ... Access control part; , 26 output switching unit, 26 write buffer, 100 memory controller, 200 moving image processing unit, 210 encoding circuit, 212 error image generation unit, 214 orthogonal transform / quantization unit, 216 entropy 218. Inverse quantization / inverse orthogonal transform unit; 220. Reconstructed image generation unit; 222. Deblocking filter unit; 224 .. In-screen prediction unit; 226 ... Motion compensation unit; ...... Switching unit; 240, decoding processing circuit; 242, entropy decoding unit; 244, inverse quantization / inverse orthogonal transform unit; 246, reconstructed image generation ; 248 ‥ deblocking filter unit; 250 ‥ motion compensator; 252 ‥ intra prediction unit; 254 ‥ switching unit; 300 ‥ camera module; 400 ‥ DRAM; 500 ‥ storage unit

Claims (8)

A memory controller for read access or write access to a semiconductor memory,
An access cost calculator that calculates the number of cycles required for at least one of read access and write access as an access cost for each of the plurality of memory maps;
A memory map selection unit for selecting a memory map having the lowest access cost from the memory map;
A parameter converter that converts an access address based on the memory map selected by the memory map selector;
An access control unit for generating a control signal for accessing the semiconductor memory based on the converted access address;
A memory controller comprising: The memory controller of claim 1, wherein
The semiconductor memory holds image data for each frame for displaying one screen,
The access cost calculation unit calculates an access cost when accessing a processing target frame for each of the plurality of memory maps,
The memory map selection unit is configured to access any of the memory maps used for accessing the processing target frame based on the access cost calculated by the access cost calculation unit for a frame to be processed before the processing target frame. A memory controller characterized by selecting whether or not. The memory controller of claim 1, wherein
The semiconductor memory holds image data for each frame for displaying one screen,
The access cost calculation unit receives access pattern information related to access to the semiconductor memory to be processed after a frame to be processed, and is a cycle necessary for at least one of read access and write access based on the access pattern information Calculate the number as the access cost for each memory map,
The memory controller, wherein the memory map selection unit selects one of the memory maps used for accessing a corresponding frame to be processed based on the access cost calculated by the access cost calculation unit. The memory controller of claim 3,
A memory controller, comprising: a preprocessing unit that generates the access pattern information based on a motion vector in a reduced image. The memory controller according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
The access cost calculation unit calculates the access cost for each block obtained by dividing each frame into a plurality of the plurality of memory maps, and accumulates the access cost for each frame,
The memory controller, wherein the memory map selection unit selects a memory block having the smallest accumulated access cost. A memory controller according to any one of claims 2 to 5,
An image processing system comprising: a code processing circuit that encodes image data. A memory controller according to any one of claims 2 to 5,
An image processing system comprising: a decoding processing circuit that decodes compression-encoded image data. A memory access control method for read access or write access to a semiconductor memory,
Calculate the number of cycles required for at least one of read access and write access as the access cost for each memory map,
Select the memory map with the lowest access cost from the memory map,
Based on the selected memory map, the access address is converted,
A method for controlling memory access, comprising: generating a control signal for accessing the semiconductor memory based on the converted access address.

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