JP2010538140A - 脂肪酸と脂肪酸エステルの製造方法 - Google Patents
脂肪酸と脂肪酸エステルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008172 hydrogenated vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002313 glycerolipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUKUFMFMCZIRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methanol;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OC FUKUFMFMCZIRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002646 long chain fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/02—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from salts of carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
- C11B13/02—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials from soap stock
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/02—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils
- C11C1/025—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils by saponification and release of fatty acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
- C11D13/30—Recovery of soap, e.g. from spent solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
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Abstract
Description
チルエステル)が石鹸から得られる。また、本発明により、その他のエステルも製造することができる。この点に関連して、不純なグリセロールフラクション中の石鹸成分は、バイオディーゼル燃料用原料として有利であることが既に知られている。従って、石鹸は、その他の成分からほぼ定量的に分離させることができる。石鹸を含有しない残存するグリセロール溶液は別個に利用することができる。
(i)脂肪酸から形成される水溶性又は水分散性石鹸を、金属イオン生成剤を用いることによって、水不溶性石鹸の形態へ変換させ、次いで
(ii)脂肪酸から形成される水不溶性石鹸を、アルコールを用いて脂肪酸のアルコールエステルへエステル化するか、又は酸処理に付すことによって遊離脂肪酸へ変換させる。
(i)所望により、出発原料へ酸、好ましくは有機酸、より好ましくは酢酸、蟻酸又は乳酸を添加することによって、pHの値を3〜8、好ましくは6〜8に調整し、
(ii)固体又は水性溶液としての混合物へ、石鹸の少なくとも40%を沈殿させる量(好ましくは石鹸の量に対して化学量論量の金属イオンが生成する量、最も好ましくは化学量論的に5〜10重量%過剰量)の金属イオン生成剤、例えばアルカリ土類金属の無機塩、好ましくはCa2+又はMg2+を生成する該無機塩、より好ましくは塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム(最も適切には、塩化カルシウム)を添加することによって、不溶性相と液相を生成させ [この場合、該不溶性相は石鹸を含有し、液相は多価アルコール(好ましくはグリセロールである)及び一価アルコール(好ましくはメタノール、エタノール若しくは1−プロパノール又はこれらの混合物であり、最も適切にはメタノールである)] 、
(iii)好ましくは濾過法、デカント法又は沈殿物の回収のために一般的に使用されているその他の方法によって、第1の液相から不溶性相(該不溶性相中においては、石鹸は不溶性石鹸に変換されている)を分離させ、
(iv)不溶性相へ酸(好ましくは、塩酸又は硫酸)を添加することによって、脂肪酸又は脂肪酸混合物を生成させ、
(v)所望により、酸性触媒(好ましくは塩酸又は硫酸)とアルコールとの混合物を用いて酸処理をおこなうことによって、脂肪酸エステル又は脂肪酸エステル混合物を含有する有機相及び水と無機塩を含有する水性相を生成させ、次いで
(vi)有機相を捕集する。
ナタネ油を使用するバイオディーゼル燃料の製造において得られた副次的フラクションであって、グリセロールと石鹸を含有する該フラクション0.5リットルを計量し、次いで撹拌下において、沈殿物が生成しなくなるまで固体状の塩化カルシウムを該フラクション中へ添加した(0.9モル)。石鹸沈殿物を、濾過処理によって液状のグリセロールフラクションから分離させ、該沈殿物を水洗処理に付した後、乾燥処理に付すことによって、実質的に乾燥した沈殿物(171g)を得た。
上記のようにして得られた沈殿物を塩酸で処理することによって、水性層のpHの値を酸性値(pH=2)に調整した。得られた混合物を62℃まで加熱し、脂肪酸を含有する表面層を分離させた。該表面層を水洗処理に付すことによって、塩を該表面層から除去した。該水洗処理後に該表面層中に残存する水及び脂肪酸と共に生成した水は、脱水剤を用いる乾燥処理により除去することによって、脂肪酸混合物を該表面層中に残存させた。
Claims (16)
- 石鹸含有出発原料から脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル又はこれらの混合物を製造する方法であって、下記の工程(i)〜(iii)を含む該方法:
(i)金属イオン生成剤を該出発原料へ添加することによって、不溶性相と液相を含む混合物を生成させ、
(ii)該不溶性相を該液相から分離させ、
(iii)a)酸を該不溶性相へ添加して脂肪酸を生成させるか、又は、一価アルコールと酸性触媒を該不溶性相へ添加して脂肪酸エステルを生成させ、これによって水性相と有機相から成る2相を生成させるか、あるいは、b)最初に酸を該不溶性相へ添加し、次いで、生成する脂肪酸の少なくとも一部へ一価アルコールと酸性触媒を添加して該脂肪酸をエステル化する。 - 出発原料が、石鹸のほかに、アルコール、好ましくは一価アルコール(最も適切にはメタノール、エタノール、1−プロパノール)若しくは多価アルコール(最も適切にはグリセロール)又は数種類のアルコールの混合物を含有する請求項1記載の方法。
- 出発原料が、脂質のエステル交換反応の結果として生成されるフラクションである請求項1記載の方法。
- 金属イオン生成剤が塩化カルシウム又は塩化マグネシウム、好ましくは塩化カルシウムである請求項1記載の方法。
- 金属イオン生成剤を固体又は液体として(好ましくは固体として)添加する請求項1から4いずれかに記載の方法。
- 出発原料中の石鹸の少なくとも40モル%を沈殿させる量の金属イオン生成剤、好ましくは、石鹸の量に対して化学量論的な量の金属イオンを生成する量、最も好ましくは、化学量論的に10モル%過剰量の金属イオン生成剤を添加する請求項1から5いずれかに記載の方法。
- 不溶性相が石鹸を含有する請求項1から6いずれかに記載の方法。
- 液相が多価アルコール若しくは一価アルコール又は数種類のアルコールの混合物を含有する請求項1から7いずれかに記載の方法。
- 不溶性相中へ酸、好ましくは塩酸又は硫酸を添加して脂肪酸又は脂肪酸混合物を生成させる請求項1から8いずれかに記載の方法。
- 不溶性相へ一価アルコールと酸性触媒(好ましくは塩酸又は硫酸)を添加して脂肪酸エステルを生成させる請求項1から9いずれかに記載の方法。
- 最初に不溶性相へ酸を添加して脂肪酸を生成させ、次いで、生成した脂肪酸の少なくとも一部へ一価アルコールと酸性触媒を添加して脂肪酸をエステル化する請求項1から9いずれかに記載の方法。
- 有機物のモル量に対する一価アルコールのモル量が少なくとも40%(好ましくは当量)である請求項10又は11記載の方法。
- 有機相が脂肪酸エステル又は脂肪酸エステル混合物を含有し、水性相が水と無機塩を含有することによって特徴付けられる請求項1から12いずれかに記載の方法。
- 有機相と水性相を相互に分離させた後、これらを捕集する請求項1から13いずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項1から14いずれかに記載の方法によって製造される脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル又は脂肪酸と脂肪酸エステルとの混合物の(i)脂肪酸のエステル化又は(ii)脂質の水素処理における供給原料としての使用。
- バイオディーゼル燃料の製造において生成されるアルコール混合物の使用であって、請求項1から14いずれかに記載の方法によって脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル又はこれらの混合物を製造するための該使用。
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US99301407P | 2007-09-07 | 2007-09-07 | |
FI20075619 | 2007-09-07 | ||
US60/993,014 | 2007-09-07 | ||
FI20075619A FI20075619L (fi) | 2007-09-07 | 2007-09-07 | Rasvahapon ja rasvahappoesterin tuottaminen |
PCT/FI2008/050495 WO2009030820A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2008-09-05 | Production of fatty acid and fatty acid ester |
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JPH09235573A (ja) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-09-09 | Someya Shoten:Kk | 廃食用油を原資源として精製するディーゼル燃料、グリセリン、重油バーナー用燃料およびディーゼル燃料、グリセリン、重油バーナー用燃料の精製方法。 |
JP2002531637A (ja) * | 1998-12-10 | 2002-09-24 | アワド、アジズ、チャフィック | 動物性無水脂肪中の遊離脂肪酸及びコレステロールの低減方法 |
JP2007176973A (ja) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-12 | Lion Corp | 軽油代替燃料用の脂肪酸低級アルキルエステルの製造方法 |
JPWO2006088123A1 (ja) * | 2005-02-21 | 2008-07-03 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | バイオディーゼル燃料の精製方法 |
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US2327569A (en) * | 1941-03-29 | 1943-08-24 | Refining Inc | Process of refining |
US6855838B2 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2005-02-15 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Lipid rich compositions, production of lipid rich compositions, production of fatty acid alkyl esters from heterogeneous lipid mixtures |
CA2436650A1 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-02-06 | Naturia Inc. | Conjugated linolenic acid (clnatm) compositions: synthesis, purification and uses |
EP1637582B1 (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2007-05-16 | Linde AG | A process for recovering tall oil or tall oil fuel |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH09235573A (ja) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-09-09 | Someya Shoten:Kk | 廃食用油を原資源として精製するディーゼル燃料、グリセリン、重油バーナー用燃料およびディーゼル燃料、グリセリン、重油バーナー用燃料の精製方法。 |
JP2002531637A (ja) * | 1998-12-10 | 2002-09-24 | アワド、アジズ、チャフィック | 動物性無水脂肪中の遊離脂肪酸及びコレステロールの低減方法 |
JPWO2006088123A1 (ja) * | 2005-02-21 | 2008-07-03 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | バイオディーゼル燃料の精製方法 |
JP2007176973A (ja) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-12 | Lion Corp | 軽油代替燃料用の脂肪酸低級アルキルエステルの製造方法 |
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MX2010002615A (es) | 2010-07-06 |
CN101896590A (zh) | 2010-11-24 |
EA201070258A1 (ru) | 2010-10-29 |
BRPI0816733A2 (pt) | 2017-06-06 |
FI20075619L (fi) | 2009-03-08 |
KR101512375B1 (ko) | 2015-04-16 |
CN101896590B (zh) | 2014-07-30 |
CA2698642A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
AP2831A (en) | 2014-01-31 |
AU2008294648A8 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
KR20100074172A (ko) | 2010-07-01 |
AU2008294648B2 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
JP5620818B2 (ja) | 2014-11-05 |
WO2009030820A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
MY152941A (en) | 2014-12-15 |
EA020085B1 (ru) | 2014-08-29 |
AP2010005210A0 (en) | 2010-04-30 |
EP2188356A1 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
FI20075619A0 (fi) | 2007-09-07 |
AU2008294648A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
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