JP2010530473A - 燃料ガスの深度脱硫のための方法、システム、および装置 - Google Patents
燃料ガスの深度脱硫のための方法、システム、および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010530473A JP2010530473A JP2010513370A JP2010513370A JP2010530473A JP 2010530473 A JP2010530473 A JP 2010530473A JP 2010513370 A JP2010513370 A JP 2010513370A JP 2010513370 A JP2010513370 A JP 2010513370A JP 2010530473 A JP2010530473 A JP 2010530473A
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- based adsorbent
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、米国エネルギー省によって与えられた契約DE-AC0576RLO1830の下で政府の支援によってなされた。政府は、本発明において特定の権利を有する。
石炭またはバイオマスのガス化によって発生される合成ガスは、炭化水素輸送燃料、化学物質(水素を含む)、および電力の生成を含む、多くの想定し得る用途を有する。殆どの合成ガスは、それを様々な最終用途に適さないようにしうる不純物を含有する。硫黄を含有する分子、主にH2SおよびCOSは、燃料および化学物質の生成において10億分の1のレベルまで除去されなければならない特に厄介な触媒毒である。これらの硫黄種を除去するための技術的アプローチは存在するが、これらのアプローチは、一般に、かなり費用がかかるとともに、温度変動を必要とし、多くの場合に補助的な犠牲吸着媒を必要とする傾向がある。燃料および化学物質の生成のための触媒プロセスは、一般に225〜300℃の範囲で作動するため、合成ガスの冷却およびその後の再加熱を必要とするプロセスは、エネルギー効率が悪い。合成工程の温度でまたはそれを幾分上回る温度で硫黄ガスを50ppbレベルまで除去できるプロセスが非常に好ましい。
以下の説明は、本発明の一つの態様の好ましい最良の様式を含んでいる。本発明のこの説明から明らかなように、本発明はこれらの図示の態様に限定されず、本発明は様々な変形およびその態様も含む。したがって、本説明は、例示的と見なされるべきであり、限定的と見なされるべきではない。本発明は様々な変形および別の構成が可能であるが、本発明を、開示された特定の形態に限定しようとする意図はなく、それどころか、特許請求の範囲で規定される本発明の精神および範囲内に入る全ての変形、別の構成、および等価物を本発明が網羅しようとするものであることは言うまでもない。
酸化:Ni2S + 2O2 = 2NiO + SO2 (2)
2Ni2S + 5O2 = 2NiSO4 + 2NiO (3)
2NiO + 2SO2 + O2 = 2NiSO4 (4)
2Ni(バルク) + O2 = 2NiO(バルク) (5)
還元:NiSO4 + H2 = NiO + H2O + SO2 (6)
2NiSO4 + 6H2 = Ni2S + SO2 + 6H2O (7)
NiO(バルクおよび表面) + H2 = Ni(バルクおよび表面) + H2O (8)
3H2 + SO2 = H2S + 2H2O (9)
H2S + 2Ni = Ni2S + H2 (10)
酸化工程中、吸着された硫黄および任意の非硫化ニッケルの両方が酸化される。酸化された硫黄はSO2として部分的に解放されるが、一部の硫酸ニッケルは、表面Ni2Sの直接酸化によってあるいは酸素の存在下でのその後のSO2とNiOとの組み合わせ反応によって残存する。その後の還元工程中、硫酸ニッケルは、直接還元によってまたは還元されたNi部位上での中間体H2S再吸着によって生成される硫化ニッケルと共に、Ni、SO2および水へ変換される。吸着媒床の下流側では硫黄元素は観察されなかった。前記反応スキームは、使用済みの吸着媒を完全に再生するために幾つかの酸化還元サイクルを必要とする。全体的に、この酸化還元再生は、反応の全てが熱力学的に有利であるため、単純な還元再生よりも効果的である。これらの反応を示すグラフが図5に示されている。
酸化(700℃):NixS +(1 + x/2)O2 = xNiO + SO2 (11)
CuxS +(1 + x/2)O2 = xCuO + SO2 (12)
還元(500℃):NiO + H2 = Ni + H2O (13)
CuO + H2 = Cu + H2O (14)
前述したニッケル・銅を詰め込む形態では、SBA-16のメソポーラス構造中にかなりの割合の空隙が残存する。これは、材料中に金属をより多く詰め込むことができることを示唆し、硫黄吸着容量を増大させるための手段を提供する。より高い容量では、上流側の酸化亜鉛床を必要とすることなく、Ni-Cu-SBA-16吸着剤を独立型の装置として作動させることができる。
Claims (10)
- 多孔質基材上に分散している活性金属ベースの吸着剤を特徴とする、ウォーム(warm)燃料ガスの深度脱硫のためのシステム。
- 金属ベースの吸着剤が、基材に対して0.1〜100重量パーセントの金属を含む、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 金属ベースの吸着剤が、Cr、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Pt、Au、およびそれら合金の群より選択される遷移金属(transient metal)を含む、請求項1記載のシステム。
- シリカベースの材料がメソポーラスシリカである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 金属ベースの吸着剤が、「酸化還元」処理の組み合わせによって再生可能である、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 多孔質基材上に分散している活性金属ベースの吸着剤上にわたって、ウォーム燃料ガスを通過させる工程を特徴とする、ウォーム燃料ガスを深度脱硫するための方法。
- ウォーム燃料ガスが、天然ガス、合成ガス、H2、CO、および炭化水素ガス、炭化水素ガスの混合物、および炭化水素ガスと不活性ガスとの混合物を含み、かつ前記ウォーム燃料ガスが20〜900℃の温度を有する、請求項6記載の方法。
- 金属ベースの吸着剤を再生する工程を更に含む、請求項6記載の方法。
- 金属ベースの吸着剤を再生する工程が、金属硫化物を酸化させる酸化性ガスおよび金属酸化物を還元する還元性ガスストリームを用いた「酸化還元」プロセスに対して、前記金属ベースの吸着剤を供することを含む、請求項8記載の方法。
- 「酸化還元」再生プロセスが100℃〜900℃の温度で実施される、請求項8記載のシステム。
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US94462107P | 2007-06-18 | 2007-06-18 | |
US12/140,798 US8158545B2 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2008-06-17 | Methods, systems, and devices for deep desulfurization of fuel gases |
PCT/US2008/067298 WO2008157580A1 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2008-06-18 | Methods, systems, and devices for deep desulfurization of fuel gases |
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US20110039686A1 (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-02-17 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Fast regeneration of sulfur deactivated Ni-based hot biomass syngas cleaning catalysts |
US8308848B1 (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2012-11-13 | Tda Research, Inc. | High temperature gas desulfurization sorbents |
US8480793B2 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2013-07-09 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Method and apparatus for removing contaminant from fluid |
US8879275B2 (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2014-11-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Anti-corrosion conformal coating comprising modified porous silica fillers for metal conductors electrically connecting an electronic component |
EP2684856A1 (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2014-01-15 | Paul Scherrer Institut | A method for methanation of gasification derived producer gas on metal catalysts in the presence of sulfur |
US8946118B2 (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2015-02-03 | Red Lion Chem Tech, Llc | Removal of hydrophobic contaminants |
CN104084041B (zh) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-08-17 | 北京三聚创洁科技发展有限公司 | 一种氧化锌脱硫废剂的再生方法 |
US9790442B2 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2017-10-17 | Uop Llc | Selective hydrogenation method |
CN111569624B (zh) * | 2019-02-19 | 2022-06-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 含硫醇的恶臭气的处理装置及处理方法 |
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JPS5836620A (ja) * | 1981-08-07 | 1983-03-03 | ヴェーエーヘー―ハスインスチッート エヌヴェー | イオウ化合物の除去方法 |
JPH11104432A (ja) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-20 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | ガス処理方法及び装置 |
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US6930219B2 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 2005-08-16 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Mesoporous material with active metals |
EP1447124A1 (en) | 2003-02-04 | 2004-08-18 | Gastec N.V. | Supported catalyst system for removing sulfur compounds from gases |
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US7897538B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2011-03-01 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Process for removing sulfur compounds from hydrocarbon streams and adsorbent used in this process |
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JPS5836620A (ja) * | 1981-08-07 | 1983-03-03 | ヴェーエーヘー―ハスインスチッート エヌヴェー | イオウ化合物の除去方法 |
JPH11104432A (ja) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-20 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | ガス処理方法及び装置 |
JPH11147039A (ja) * | 1997-11-18 | 1999-06-02 | Tonen Corp | 水素化処理用触媒および該水素化処理用触媒を使用する水素化脱硫方法 |
JP2006506224A (ja) * | 2002-11-20 | 2006-02-23 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニー | 触媒の製造方法 |
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