JP2010520354A - メソ多孔性ポリマーコロイド - Google Patents
メソ多孔性ポリマーコロイド Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010520354A JP2010520354A JP2009552643A JP2009552643A JP2010520354A JP 2010520354 A JP2010520354 A JP 2010520354A JP 2009552643 A JP2009552643 A JP 2009552643A JP 2009552643 A JP2009552643 A JP 2009552643A JP 2010520354 A JP2010520354 A JP 2010520354A
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tfa trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.OC(=O)C(F)(F)F WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
a)多孔性微粒子鋳型材料を1またはそれを超えるモノマーを含む液体に浸漬し;
b)該鋳型材料の中および/または上で該1またはそれを超えるモノマーを重合させてポリマーを形成し;ついで
c)鋳型材料を除去して粒子材料を生成することを含み、ここに該粒子材料は該ポリマーを含んでいる。
d)粒子材料の粒子の表面に触媒基を導入するようにポリマーを反応させること、を含み得る。
a)多孔性無機微粒子鋳型材料を、1またはそれを超えるモノマーを含む液体に浸漬し;
b)鋳型材料の中および/または上で1またはそれを超えるモノマーを重合させてポリマーを形成し;ついで
c)鋳型材料を除去して粒子材料を生成することを含み、該粒子材料は該ポリマーを含む。
a)微粒子メソ多孔性珪質フォームを、1またはそれを超えるモノマーを含む液体に浸漬し;
b)該フォームの中および/または上で1またはそれを超えるモノマーを重合させてポリマーを形成し;ついで
c)該フォームを除去して粒子材料を生成することを含み、該粒子材料は該ポリマーを含む。
a)微粒子メソ多孔性珪質フォームを、1またはそれを超えるモノマーを含む液体に浸漬し;
b)該フォームの中および/または上で1またはそれを超えるモノマーを重合させてポリマーを形成させ;
c)該フォームを除去して粒子材料を生成し、ここに該粒子材料は該ポリマーを含み;ついで
d)粒子材料の粒子の表面に触媒基を導入するようにポリマーを反応させる
ことを含む。
a)微粒子メソ多孔性珪質フォームを、少なくとも2のモノマーを含む液体に浸漬し;
b)該フォームの中および/または上で少なくとも2のモノマーを重合させてポリマーを形成し;
c)該フォームを除去して粒子材料を生成し、ここに該粒子材料は該ポリマーを含み;ついで
d)粒子材料の粒子の表面に触媒基を導入するようにポリマーを反応させることを含み;
ここに、該モノマーの少なくとも1は架橋性モノマーであり、該モノマーの少なくとも1は触媒基に転化され得る官能基を含む。
本発明は、メソ多孔性ポリマー粒子(例えば、ポリマーコロイド)および支持された不斉有機触媒としてのその適用に関する。かくして、本発明は、メソ多孔性構造を有する多孔性ポリマー微粒子を含む粒子材料を提供する。
本明細書に示す例において、2−10μmの球形MCF微粒子を以前に記載されているように使用した(Han, Y., Lee, S. S., Ying, J. Y. Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 643)。微粒子は504m2/gのB.E.T.表面積および18nmのウィンドウによって連結された超大型セル様の小孔(30nm)を有する三次元の内部連結した孔構造を有する。
本発明者らは、イミダゾリウム連結を介してMPP上にピロリジンを固定化することによって多用途の触媒系を作成した。この系は、キラルピロリジン有機触媒(A)、キラリティー誘導源として保護したピロリジンを含むN−複素環カルベン(NHC)求核性触媒(B)、アミン−NHC二官能式有機触媒(C)、および有機金属触媒(D)のような異なる型の触媒に融通よく変換し得る(図2を参照されたい)。本願は、MPP−支持キラルピロリジンおよびニトロオレフィンに対する不斉ミカエル付加におけるその触媒適用を記載する。
一般情報
別段注記しない限り、全ての溶媒は、商業的供給業者から得られたものを使用した。遠心はエッペンドルフ遠心分離機5810R(4000rpm、10分)で行った。1H NMRスペクトルは、Brucker AV-400(400MHz)機器に記録した。1H NMRのデータは、化学シフト(σppm)、多重度(s=一重項、d=二重項、t=三重項、q=四重項、m=多重項)として記録した。PA−FTIRスペクトルは、光音響セル(MTEC モデル300)を用いるDigilab FTS 7000シリーズで得た。ガスクロマトグラフィー(GLC)は、Bodman Chiraldex γ-TAカラム(0.25mm×30cm)を用いて、スプリット式キャピラリー注入システムおよび水素炎イオン化型検出器を備えたAgilent 6890Nシリーズ・ガスクロマトグラフィー上で行った。C、H、N分析は、EAI CE-440 Elemental Analyzerを用いて得た。等温N2吸着は、Micromeritics ASAP 2020Mシステムを用いて77Kで得た。走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)像は、JOEL JSM-7400F電子顕微鏡(10kV)を用いて得た。
球形MCF微粒子をHan, Y., Lee, S. S., Ying, J. Y. Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 643に従って合成し、100℃で一晩真空脱気した後に使用した。スチレン(Aldrich、99%)およびDVB(Aldrich、98%)をアルミナカラム中で精製して重合インヒビターを除去した。典型的に、シリカ重量に実質的に等しいモノマー混合物を、溶媒としてDCMを用いた湿式含浸の後にMCFに添加した。典型的な合成には、3.0mlのDCM中に0.6mlのスチレン、0.6mlのDVBおよび0.05gのAIBN(全ビニル基に対して3%)(Aldrich、98%)を溶解することが含まれた。この溶液を1gの乾燥したMCFを含むフラスコに注射した。溶液で含浸させた後に粉体を−78℃で真空乾燥してDCMを4時間選択的に除去し、凍結−乾燥−解凍のサイクルに数回付した。試料を密封し、室温にて6時間平衡化し、ついで、60℃に4時間、80℃に3時間および100℃に2時間加熱することによって重合した。得られた材料をクロロホルムおよびエタノールでよく洗浄した。それを80℃にて乾燥し、白色粉体として収集した。ついで、粉体をエタノール(50ml)および水(50ml)中のNaOH(4g)と混合した。その混合物を90℃に維持し、一晩攪拌した。濾過した後、材料を水、メタノールおよびDCMでよく洗浄した。真空下で乾燥した後、白色粉体をMPPとして収集した。元素分析は、99%を超える炭化水素成分を示した。MPP−ClおよびMPP−COOHは、表1に掲載するような異なるモノマーを用いて同じ手法によって合成した。
DMF(30mL)、触媒前駆体F(126mg、0.5ミリモル)を連続して乾燥したMPP−Cl(1g)に添加した。その懸濁液を100℃にて24時間攪拌し、濾過した。得られた固形物をメタノールおよびDCMで順次洗浄した。真空下で乾燥した後に白色粉体を入手し、TFA(10mLのDCM中の50%)に一晩浸漬した。その懸濁液を濾過し、得られた固形物を重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液、メタノールおよびDCMで順次洗浄した。得られた淡黄色粉体を乾燥し、MPP−ピロリジン(1.02g)として収集した。MPPおよびMPP−Clと比較すると、MPPP−ピロリジンは強いPA−FTIR NHピーク(3300cm−1)および四級アンモニウムピーク(1000−1200cm−1)を示した。ピロリジンの負荷は、元素分析(C 81.83%、H 7.05%、N 1.12%)に基づいて0.26ミリモル/gのMPPであった。
典型的な実験において、MPP−ピロリジン(0.26ミリモルのピロリジン/MPP 1g、154mg、0.04ミリモル)を触媒として用いた(trans−β−ニトロスチレン(20mg、0.13ミリモル)に関して30モル%の負荷)。TFA(10モル%)を含有するシクロヘキサノン(3mL)を混合物に加え、室温にて22時間攪拌した。その反応混合物を濾過し、GLCによってモニターした(γ−TAカラム、多い方のエナンチオマーtr=16.0分、少ない方のエナンチオマー tr=16.5分、およびジアステレオマーtr=16.8、17.0分)。
Claims (29)
- メソ多孔性構造を有する多孔性ポリマー微粒子を含む粒子材料。
- ポリマー微粒子が架橋したポリマーを含む請求項1記載の粒子材料。
- 架橋性モノマー単位および非−架橋性モノマー単位を含む請求項2記載の粒子材料。
- 架橋したポリマーが、少なくとも約1:4の非−架橋性モノマー単位に対する架橋性モノマー単位のモル比を有する請求項3記載の粒子材料。
- 架橋したモノマー単位の少なくとも1の型がジビニルベンゼン由来である請求項3または4に記載の粒子材料。
- 非−架橋モノマー単位の少なくとも1の型がスチレンまたはその誘導体由来である請求項3ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の粒子材料。
- 官能基を有する少なくとも1のモノマー単位を含む請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の粒子材料。
- 官能基が触媒基および触媒基に転化され得る官能基よりなる群から選択される請求項7記載の粒子材料。
- 官能基を有するモノマー単位が非−架橋性モノマー単位である請求項7または8記載の粒子材料。
- 官能基がピロリジン基を含む請求項7ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の粒子材料。
- メソ多孔性構造が窒素吸着によって測定して二形態の分布の孔径を有する請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の粒子材料。
- 窒素吸着によって測定して、約1ないし約10nmの孔径と約10ないし約30nmの孔径とを有する請求項11記載の粒子材料。
- 約100ないし約1000m2/gのBET表面積を有する請求項1ないし12のいずれか1項に記載の粒子材料。
- 約0.1ないし約1ml/gの細孔容積を有する請求項1ないし13のいずれか1項に記載の粒子材料。
- 粒子が約5%未満の無機材料を含む請求項1ないし14のいずれか1項に記載の粒子材料。
- 該材料が通常の有機溶媒中、20℃にて1%未満膨潤する請求項1ないし15のいずれか1項に記載の粒子材料。
- 多孔性ポリマー微粒子を含む粒子材料の製造方法であって:
a)多孔性微粒子鋳型材料を1またはそれを超えるモノマーを含む液体に浸漬し;
b)鋳型材料の中および/または上で1またはそれを超えるモノマーを重合させてポリマーを形成し;ついで
c)鋳型材料を除去して粒子材料を生成することを含み、該粒子材料がポリマーを含む該製造方法。 - 微粒子鋳型材料が無機物である請求項17記載の方法。
- 微粒子鋳型材料がメソ多孔性珪質フォームである請求項17または18記載の方法。
- 液体が架橋性モノマーおよび非−架橋性モノマーを含む請求項17または18記載の方法。
- 非−架橋性モノマーに対する架橋性モノマーのモル比が少なくとも約1:4である請求項20記載の方法。
- 架橋性モノマーがジビニルベンゼンを含む請求項20または21記載の方法。
- 非−架橋性モノマーがスチレンまたはその誘導体を含む請求項20ないし22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1のモノマーが、触媒基および触媒基に転化され得る官能基よりなる群から選択される官能基を含む請求項17ないし23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 液体が熱重合開始剤を含み、工程b)がモノマー(または複数のモノマー)を重合するように、鋳型材料の中および/または上で液体を加熱することを含む請求項17ないしい24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程c)がポリマーを溶解しない溶媒に鋳型材料を溶解することを含む請求項17ないし25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- さらに、d)微粒子材料の粒子の表面に官能基を導入するようにポリマーを反応させることを含む請求項17ないし26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項17ないし27のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって生成した粒子材料。
- 出発材料を生成物に転化する方法であって、該出発材料を請求項1ないし16または28のいずれか1項記載の粒子材料に暴露することを含み、ここに該粒子材料の微粒子がその表面上に触媒官能基を有し、該官能基が生成物への出発材料の変換を触媒することができる該方法。
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JP2017082152A (ja) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-18 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 多孔性樹脂粒子およびその製造方法、並びに構造体 |
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US9180443B1 (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2015-11-10 | Stc.Unm | Imidazole-derived materials |
US9722256B1 (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2017-08-01 | Stc.Unm | Imidazole-derived materials |
US9847302B2 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2017-12-19 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Wafer surface conditioning for stability in fab environment |
US12017203B2 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2024-06-25 | Indufil BV | Method for removing a degraded component from a hydrocarbon fluid and a porous medium for achieving the same |
GB2583986A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-11-18 | Indufil BV | Method for removing a degraded component from a hydrocarbon fluid and a porous medium for achieving the same |
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