JP2010514446A5 - - Google Patents

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JP2010514446A5
JP2010514446A5 JP2009544166A JP2009544166A JP2010514446A5 JP 2010514446 A5 JP2010514446 A5 JP 2010514446A5 JP 2009544166 A JP2009544166 A JP 2009544166A JP 2009544166 A JP2009544166 A JP 2009544166A JP 2010514446 A5 JP2010514446 A5 JP 2010514446A5
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以下の図は、本明細書の一部を構成するものであって、本発明の特定の態様をさらに説明するために用意されている。本発明を、これらの図のうちの１つ以上を本明細書に提示される具体的な実施の形態の詳細な説明と組み合わせて参照することによって、よりよく理解できるであろう。
本発明は、例えば以下の項目を提供する。
（項目１）
水容器によって囲まれた１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバを備えており、光合成微生物を成長させることができる、閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目２）
フォトバイオリアクタチャンバが、可撓であって透明であるプラスチックフィルムまたは複合フィルムを含んでいる、項目１に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目３）
フォトバイオリアクタチャンバへと拡散光をもたらすことによって光合成の効率を高めるように設計されている、項目１に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目４）
光へと暴露されるフォトバイオリアクタチャンバの表面積が、該フォトバイオリアクタによって覆われる地面の表面積よりも大きい、項目１に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目５）
フォトバイオリアクタチャンバへの構造的な支持が、水容器の水、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内の空気ポケットの正の浮力、ならびに／あるいはプラスチックフィルムまたは複合フィルムの構造的な熱溶着部によってもたらされる、項目２に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目６）
藻類および成長培地をチャンバを通して循環させるための低せん断ポンプをさらに備えている、項目１に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目７）
低せん断フィルタをさらに備えている、項目１に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目８）
フォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内に成長培地および光合成微生物をさらに含んでいる、項目１に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目９）
チャンバが、互いにある角度で配置されて、上部および下部において隣のチャンバへと取り付けられ、断面図においてアコーディオン形状を生み出している、項目５に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目１０）
水容器からの水の喪失を少なくするために、水容器を囲む周壁と、水容器の下方の底部ライナーと、水容器の上方のプラスチックの上部層とをさらに備えている、項目１に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目１１）
水容器の水が、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバの温度の変動を少なくするための熱質量をもたらしている、項目１０に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目１２）
光合成微生物が、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｉｓ ｏｃｕｌａｔａ、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｉｓ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｉｓ ｓｐ．、Ｔｅｔｒａｓｅｌｍｉｓ ｓｕｅｃｉｃａ、Ｔｅｔｒａｓｅｌｍｉｓ ｃｈｕｉｉ、Ｂｏｔｒｙｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｂｒａｕｎｉｉ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｅｌｌｉｐｓｏｉｄｅａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｅｍｅｒｓｏｎｉｉ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｍｉｎｕｔｉｓｓｉｍａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｐｒｏｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｉｄｅｓ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｐｙｒｅｎｏｉｄｏｓａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｓｏｒｏｋｉｎｉａｎａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ、Ｃｈｒｏｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｃｙｃｌｏｔｅｌｌａ ｃｒｙｐｔｉｃａ、Ｃｙｃｌｏｔｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．、Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａ ｂａｒｄａｗｉｌ、Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａ ｔｅｒｔｉｏｌｅｃｔａ、Ｅｕｇｌｅｎａ ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ、Ｇｙｍｎｏｄｉｎｉｕｍ ｎｅｌｓｏｎｉ、Ｈａｅｍａｔｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｐｌｕｖｉａｌｉｓ、Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓ ｇａｌｂａｎａ、Ｍｏｎｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉｕｍ ｍｉｎｕｔｕｍ、Ｍｏｎｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉｕｍ ｓｐ．、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｓ ｓｐ．、Ｎｅｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｓ ｏｌｅｏａｂｕｎｄａｎｓ、Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａ
ｌａｅｖｉｓ、Ｏｎｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉｕｍ ｓｐ．、Ｐａｖｌｏｖａ ｌｕｔｈｅｒｉ、Ｐｈａｅｏｄａｃｔｙｌｕｍ ｔｒｉｃｏｒｎｕｔｕｍ、Ｐｏｒｐｈｙｒｉｄｉｕｍ ｃｒｕｅｎｔｕｍ、Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓ ｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓ、Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓ ｑｕａｄｒｉｃａｕｌａ、Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓ ｓｐ．、Ｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｅｍａ、Ｓｔｉｃｈｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｂａｃｉｌｌａｒｉｓ、Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａ ｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ、およびＴｈａｌａｓｓｉｏｓｉｒａ ｓｐ．からなる群より選択される微細藻類または藍色細菌である、項目８に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目１３）
フォトバイオリアクタチャンバが、互いに接合されたプラスチックフィルムの下部層および上部層を備え、正の浮力をもたらすためのチャンバの上部の空気ポケットを有しており、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバの形状が、構造的な張力によって維持される、項目２に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目１４）
空気ポケットが、光合成によって生成された酸素を集め、酸素豊富な空気が、発電プラントまたは燃焼室の燃焼の効率の向上をもたらすために集められる、項目５に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目１５）
プラスチックの上部層が、紫外光または赤外光の一部またはすべての透過を阻止する一方で、光合成を支援するように可視光の透過を許す染料、コーティング、または添加剤を含んでいる、項目１０に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目１６）
１つ以上のセンサポートをさらに備えており、各センサポートが、溶存二酸化炭素センサ、溶存酸素センサ、ｐＨセンサ、温度センサ、濁度センサ、溶存固体センサ、および蛍光分析センサからなる群より選択される１つ以上のセンサを備えており、１つ以上のセンサからの信号が、中央制御ユニットへと送られる、項目１に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目１７）
中央制御ユニットが、センサ信号に応答してフォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内の１つ以上の環境条件を制御するために、１つ以上の制御ユニットの機能を調節する、項目１６に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目１８）
収穫された微生物を移して、脂質の生成を促進するための条件へとさらすことができる二次バイオリアクタ
をさらに備えている、項目１に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目１９）
フォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内の流体の量を、チャンバが新たな培養物で接種されるときに増加または減少させることができる、項目１に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目２０）
複数種の藻類が、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内に維持される、項目１２に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目２１）
フォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内の圧力を、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバのサイズおよび形状を制御するように調節することができる、項目２に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目２２）
可撓であって透明であるプラスチックフィルムまたは複合フィルムで構成された１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバを備えており、プラスチックフィルムで構成された空気チューブが、チャンバへとスパージング気泡をもたらすために各フォトバイオリアクタチャンバの底部に位置している、閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目２３）
空気チューブへと供給される空気が、大気二酸化炭素、二酸化炭素キャニスタ、発電プラントの排気ガス、または燃焼室の排気ガスから選択される供給元からの二酸化炭素を含んでいる、項目２２に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目２４）
フォトバイオリアクタの成長培地から溶存酸素を取り除くために、空気チューブに酸素含有量が０〜２体積％の間であるガスが供給される、項目２２に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目２５）
二酸化炭素の濃度を、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバの成長培地のｐＨを調節するように制御することができる、項目２３に記載のフォトバイオリアクタ。
（項目２６）
バイオ燃料の生成方法であって、
ａ．水容器によって囲まれた１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバを備えている閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタの成長培地において、光合成微生物を成長させるステップ、ｂ．連続、半連続、またはバッチモードのプロセスにて、光合成微生物を収穫するステップ、および
ｃ．光合成微生物からの脂質または炭水化物を、バイオ燃料へと変換するステップ
を含んでいる、方法。
（項目２７）
光合成微生物が、藻類である、項目２６に記載の方法。
（項目２８）
藻類に、脂質の生成を増すために環境ストレスが加えられる、項目２７に記載の方法。
（項目２９）
藻類に、脂質の生成を増すために、２つ以上の異なる環境ストレスの組み合わせが加えられる、項目２８に記載の方法。
（項目３０）
環境ストレスが、二酸化炭素の枯渇である、項目２８に記載の方法。
（項目３１）
二酸化炭素が、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバへと供給されない、項目２９に記載の方法。
（項目３２）
環境ストレスが、チッ素の枯渇である、項目２８に記載の方法。
（項目３３）
環境ストレスが、光への暴露の減少または増加である、項目２８に記載の方法。
（項目３４）
光合成の効率を高めるためにフォトバイオリアクタチャンバへと拡散光をもたらすステップ
をさらに含んでいる、項目２６に記載の方法。
（項目３５）
光合成微生物が、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｉｓ ｏｃｕｌａｔａ、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｉｓ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｉｓ ｓｐ．、Ｔｅｔｒａｓｅｌｍｉｓ ｓｕｅｃｉｃａ、Ｔｅｔｒａｓｅｌｍｉｓ ｃｈｕｉｉ、Ｂｏｔｒｙｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｂｒａｕｎｉｉ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｅｌｌｉｐｓｏｉｄｅａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｅｍｅｒｓｏｎｉｉ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｍｉｎｕｔｉｓｓｉｍａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｐｒｏｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｉｄｅｓ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｐｙｒｅｎｏｉｄｏｓａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｓｏｒｏｋｉｎｉａｎａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ、Ｃｈｒｏｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｃｙｃｌｏｔｅｌｌａ ｃｒｙｐｔｉｃａ、Ｃｙｃｌｏｔｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．、Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａ ｂａｒｄａｗｉｌ、Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａ ｔｅｒｔｉｏｌｅｃｔａ、Ｅｕｇｌｅｎａ ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ、Ｇｙｍｎｏｄｉｎｉｕｍ ｎｅｌｓｏｎｉ、Ｈａｅｍａｔｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｐｌｕｖｉａｌｉｓ、Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓ ｇａｌｂａｎａ、Ｍｏｎｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉｕｍ ｍｉｎｕｔｕｍ、Ｍｏｎｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉｕｍ ｓｐ．、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｓ ｓｐ．、Ｎｅｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｓ ｏｌｅｏａｂｕｎｄａｎｓ、Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａ ｌａｅｖｉｓ、Ｏｎｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉｕｍ ｓｐ．、Ｐａｖｌｏｖａ ｌｕｔｈｅｒｉ、Ｐｈａｅｏｄａｃｔｙｌｕｍ ｔｒｉｃｏｒｎｕｔｕｍ、Ｐｏｒｐｈｙｒｉｄｉｕｍ ｃｒｕｅｎｔｕｍ、Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓ ｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓ、Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓ ｑｕａｄｒｉｃａｕｌａ、Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓ ｓｐ．、Ｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｅｍａ、Ｓｔｉｃｈｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｂａｃｉｌｌａｒｉｓ、Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａ ｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ、およびＴｈａｌａｓｓｉｏｓｉｒａ ｓｐ．からなる群より選択される微細藻類または藍色細菌である、項目２６に記載の方法。
（項目３６）
光合成微生物が、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｐｒｏｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｉｄｅｓまたはＴｅｔｒａｓｅｌｍｉｓ ｓｕｅｃｉｃａである、項目２６に記載の方法。
（項目３７）
複数種の藻類が、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内に維持される、項目２７に記載の方法。
（項目３８）
フォトバイオリアクタチャンバが、可撓であって透明であるプラスチックフィルムまたは複合フィルムを含んでいる、項目２６に記載の方法。
（項目３９）
フォトバイオリアクタチャンバが、チャンバへとスパージング気泡をもたらすために、プラスチックフィルムで構成された空気チューブを各フォトバイオリアクタチャンバの底部に備えている、項目３８に記載の方法。
（項目４０）
空気チューブへと供給される空気が、大気二酸化炭素、二酸化炭素キャニスタ、発電プラントの排気ガス、または燃焼室の排気ガスから選択される供給元からの二酸化炭素を含んでいる、項目３７に記載の方法。
（項目４１）
二酸化炭素の濃度を、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバの成長培地のｐＨを調節するように制御することができる、項目４０に記載の方法。
（項目４２）
水容器の水が、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバの温度の変動を少なくするための熱質量をもたらしている、項目２６に記載の方法。
（項目４３）
閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタへの加熱または冷却の外部の供給元を用意するステップ
をさらに含んでいる、項目４２に記載の方法。
（項目４４）
空気チューブからの余剰ガスおよび光合成によって生成された酸素が、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバの上部の空気ポケットに集まる、項目３９に記載の方法。
（項目４５）
発電プラントまたは燃焼室の燃焼の効率を向上させるために、酸素豊富なガスを空気ポケットから取り出すステップ
をさらに含んでいる、項目４４に記載の方法。
（項目４６）
閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタの一端において、空気ポケットからガスを排出するステップをさらに含んでいる、項目４４に記載の方法。
（項目４７）
成長培地の酸素濃度を下げるために、閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタの全長にわたって空気ポケットからガスを排気するステップ
をさらに含んでいる、項目４４に記載の方法。
（項目４８）
排気ガスが、水の中に排出される、項目４６に記載の方法。
（項目４９）
閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタチャンバのガス圧を、水面を下回る排気ガスの排出の深さによって調節するステップ
をさらに含んでいる、項目４８に記載の方法。
（項目５０）
成長培地をフォトバイオリアクタチャンバを通してポンプで動かすステップ
をさらに含んでおり、
成長培地が、フォトバイオリアクタチャンバを通過する一方向の流れを生成するために、一端においてフォトバイオリアクタを出て、フォトバイオリアクタの他端へとポンプで動かされる、項目２６に記載の方法。 The following drawings form part of the present specification and are provided to further illustrate certain aspects of the present invention. The invention may be better understood by reference to one or more of these drawings in combination with the detailed description of specific embodiments presented herein.
For example, the present invention provides the following items.
(Item 1)
A closed photobioreactor comprising one or more closed photobioreactor chambers surrounded by a water container and capable of growing photosynthetic microorganisms.
(Item 2)
Item 2. The photobioreactor of item 1, wherein the photobioreactor chamber comprises a plastic film or composite film that is flexible and transparent.
(Item 3)
Item 2. The photobioreactor of item 1, wherein the photobioreactor is designed to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis by providing diffuse light to the photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 4)
Item 2. The photobioreactor of item 1, wherein the surface area of the photobioreactor chamber exposed to light is greater than the surface area of the ground covered by the photobioreactor.
(Item 5)
The structural support to the photobioreactor chamber is provided by water in the water container, positive buoyancy of the air pockets in the photobioreactor chamber, and / or structural thermal welds of plastic film or composite film 2. The photobioreactor according to 2.
(Item 6)
Item 2. The photobioreactor of item 1, further comprising a low shear pump for circulating algae and growth medium through the chamber.
(Item 7)
Item 2. The photobioreactor of item 1, further comprising a low shear filter.
(Item 8)
Item 2. The photobioreactor of item 1, further comprising a growth medium and photosynthetic microorganisms in the photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 9)
Item 6. The photobioreactor of item 5, wherein the chambers are arranged at an angle to each other and attached to the next chamber at the top and bottom, producing an accordion shape in cross-sectional view.
(Item 10)
Item 1. The item according to item 1, further comprising a peripheral wall surrounding the water container, a bottom liner below the water container, and a plastic top layer above the water container to reduce loss of water from the water container. Photobioreactor.
(Item 11)
Item 11. The photobioreactor of item 10, wherein the water in the water container provides a thermal mass to reduce temperature fluctuations in the photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 12)
Photosynthetic microorganisms such as Nannochloropsis occulta, Nannochloropsis salina, Nannochloropsis sp. Tetraselmis suecica, Tetraselmis chuii, Botrycoccus braunii, Chlorella sp. , Chlorella ellipsoidea, Chlorella emersonii, Chlorella minutissima, Chlorella protothecoides, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella salina, Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella vulgaris, Chroomonas salina, Cyclotella cryptica, Cyclotella sp. , Dunaliella salina, Dunaliella bardawil, Dunaliella teriolecta, Euglena gracilis, Gymnodinium nelsoni, Haematococcus plumibis, Isochrysumumisumumisumumisumisumisumisumisumisi , Nannochloris sp. , Neochloris oleoabundans, Nitzschia
laevis, Onorapidium sp. , Pavlova lutheri, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Porphyridium cruentum, Scenedesmus obliquus, Scenedesmus quadricula, Scenedesmus sp. , Skeletonema, Stichiococcus bacilaris, Spirulina platensis, and Thalassiosira sp. Item 9. The photobioreactor according to item 8, which is a microalgae or cyanobacteria selected from the group consisting of:
(Item 13)
The photobioreactor chamber comprises a plastic film lower layer and an upper layer joined together and has an air pocket at the top of the chamber for providing positive buoyancy, and the shape of the photobioreactor chamber is structural Item 3. The photobioreactor according to item 2, maintained by an appropriate tension.
(Item 14)
Item 6. The photobioreactor of item 5, wherein the air pocket collects oxygen produced by photosynthesis and oxygen-enriched air is collected to provide increased efficiency of combustion in the power plant or combustion chamber.
(Item 15)
The plastic top layer contains a dye, coating, or additive that blocks the transmission of some or all of the ultraviolet or infrared light while allowing the transmission of visible light to support photosynthesis, 10. The photobioreactor according to 10.
(Item 16)
One or more sensor ports are further provided, each sensor port being selected from the group consisting of a dissolved carbon dioxide sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pH sensor, a temperature sensor, a turbidity sensor, a dissolved solid sensor, and a fluorescence analysis sensor. A photobioreactor according to item 1, wherein one or more sensors are provided and signals from the one or more sensors are sent to the central control unit.
(Item 17)
Item 17. The photobioreactor of item 16, wherein the central control unit adjusts the function of the one or more control units to control one or more environmental conditions in the photobioreactor chamber in response to the sensor signal.
(Item 18)
A secondary bioreactor that can transfer harvested microorganisms and expose them to conditions to promote lipid production
The photobioreactor according to item 1, further comprising:
(Item 19)
Item 2. The photobioreactor of item 1, wherein the amount of fluid in the photobioreactor chamber can be increased or decreased when the chamber is inoculated with a new culture.
(Item 20)
Item 13. The photobioreactor of item 12, wherein the plurality of species of algae are maintained in the photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 21)
Item 3. The photobioreactor of item 2, wherein the pressure in the photobioreactor chamber can be adjusted to control the size and shape of the photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 22)
In order to have one or more closed photobioreactor chambers composed of a plastic film or composite film that is flexible and transparent, so that the air tube composed of the plastic film brings sparging bubbles into the chamber A closed photobioreactor located at the bottom of each photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 23)
23. Item 22 wherein the air supplied to the air tube comprises carbon dioxide from a source selected from atmospheric carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide canisters, power plant exhaust gases, or combustion chamber exhaust gases. Photobioreactor.
(Item 24)
Item 23. The photobioreactor of item 22, wherein a gas having an oxygen content between 0 and 2% by volume is supplied to the air tube to remove dissolved oxygen from the growth medium of the photobioreactor.
(Item 25)
24. The photobioreactor of item 23, wherein the concentration of carbon dioxide can be controlled to adjust the pH of the growth medium in the photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 26)
A method for producing biofuel, comprising:
a. Growing photosynthetic microorganisms in a growth medium of a closed photobioreactor comprising one or more closed photobioreactor chambers surrounded by a water container; b. Harvesting photosynthetic microorganisms in a continuous, semi-continuous, or batch mode process; and
c. Converting lipids or carbohydrates from photosynthetic microorganisms into biofuels
Including the way.
(Item 27)
27. The method according to item 26, wherein the photosynthetic microorganism is an algae.
(Item 28)
28. A method according to item 27, wherein the algae is subjected to environmental stress in order to increase lipid production.
(Item 29)
29. A method according to item 28, wherein a combination of two or more different environmental stresses is applied to the algae to increase lipid production.
(Item 30)
29. A method according to item 28, wherein the environmental stress is carbon dioxide depletion.
(Item 31)
30. The method of item 29, wherein carbon dioxide is not supplied to the photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 32)
29. A method according to item 28, wherein the environmental stress is nitrogen depletion.
(Item 33)
29. A method according to item 28, wherein the environmental stress is a decrease or increase in exposure to light.
(Item 34)
Bringing diffuse light into the photobioreactor chamber to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis
The method of item 26, further comprising:
(Item 35)
Photosynthetic microorganisms such as Nannochloropsis occulta, Nannochloropsis salina, Nannochloropsis sp. Tetraselmis suecica, Tetraselmis chuii, Botrycoccus braunii, Chlorella sp. , Chlorella ellipsoidea, Chlorella emersonii, Chlorella minutissima, Chlorella protothecoides, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella salina, Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella vulgaris, Chroomonas salina, Cyclotella cryptica, Cyclotella sp. , Dunaliella salina, Dunaliella bardawil, Dunaliella teriolecta, Euglena gracilis, Gymnodinium nelsoni, Haematococcus plumibis, Isochrysumumisumumisumumisumisumisumisumisumisi , Nannochloris sp. Neochloris oleoabundans, Nitzschia laevis, Onorapidium sp. , Pavlova lutheri, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Porphyridium cruentum, Scenedesmus obliquus, Scenedesmus quadricula, Scenedesmus sp. , Skeletonema, Stichiococcus bacilaris, Spirulina platensis, and Thalassiosira sp. 27. A method according to item 26, wherein the method is a microalgae or cyanobacteria selected from the group consisting of:
(Item 36)
27. A method according to item 26, wherein the photosynthetic microorganism is Chlorella protothecoides or Tetraselmis suicica.
(Item 37)
28. A method according to item 27, wherein the plurality of species of algae are maintained in the photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 38)
27. A method according to item 26, wherein the photobioreactor chamber comprises a plastic film or composite film that is flexible and transparent.
(Item 39)
39. The method of item 38, wherein the photobioreactor chamber comprises an air tube comprised of a plastic film at the bottom of each photobioreactor chamber to provide sparging bubbles to the chamber.
(Item 40)
40. Item 37, wherein the air supplied to the air tube comprises carbon dioxide from a source selected from atmospheric carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide canister, power plant exhaust, or combustion chamber exhaust. Method.
(Item 41)
41. The method of item 40, wherein the concentration of carbon dioxide can be controlled to adjust the pH of the growth medium of the photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 42)
27. A method according to item 26, wherein the water in the water container provides a thermal mass to reduce the temperature variation of the photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 43)
Providing an external source of heating or cooling to a closed photobioreactor
45. The method of item 42, further comprising:
(Item 44)
40. The method of item 39, wherein surplus gas from the air tube and oxygen produced by photosynthesis collect in an air pocket at the top of the photobioreactor chamber.
(Item 45)
Removing oxygen-rich gas from the air pocket to improve the efficiency of combustion in the power plant or combustion chamber
45. The method of item 44, further comprising:
(Item 46)
45. The method of item 44, further comprising venting gas from the air pocket at one end of the closed photobioreactor.
(Item 47)
Exhausting gas from the air pocket over the entire length of the closed photobioreactor to reduce the oxygen concentration in the growth medium
45. The method of item 44, further comprising:
(Item 48)
47. A method according to item 46, wherein the exhaust gas is discharged into water.
(Item 49)
Adjusting the gas pressure in the closed photobioreactor chamber by the depth of exhaust gas exhaust below the water surface
49. The method of item 48, further comprising:
(Item 50)
Pumping the growth medium through the photobioreactor chamber
Further including
27. The method of item 26, wherein the growth medium exits the photobioreactor at one end and is pumped to the other end of the photobioreactor to generate a unidirectional flow through the photobioreactor chamber.

Claims (23)

水によって少なくとも部分的に囲まれた１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバを備えており、光合成微生物を成長させることができる、閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 Water thus comprises at least in part on one or more closed photobioreactor chamber enclosed, it can be grown photosynthetic microorganisms, closed system photobioreactor. 前記１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバが、可撓であるフィルムを含んでいる、請求項１に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 Wherein the one or more closed photobioreactor chamber includes a flexible full Irumu, closed system photobioreactor of claim 1. 前記可撓であるフィルムが実質的に透明である、請求項２に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。The closed photobioreactor of claim 2, wherein the flexible film is substantially transparent. 前記１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイトリアクタチャンバのそれぞれが、正の浮力をもたらすためにそれぞれのチャンバの上部に気体ポケットを有しており、それぞれのチャンバの形状が、前記可撓であるフィルムにおける構造的な張力によって維持される、請求項２に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。Each of the one or more closed photobite reactor chambers has a gas pocket at the top of each chamber to provide positive buoyancy, and the shape of each chamber is a structure in the flexible film 3. A closed photobioreactor according to claim 2, which is maintained by dynamic tension. 前記１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内の圧力を、該１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバのサイズおよび形状を制御するように調節することができる、請求項２に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。The closed photobioreactor of claim 2, wherein the pressure in the one or more closed photobioreactor chambers can be adjusted to control the size and shape of the one or more closed photobioreactor chambers. Reactor. 前記１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバへの構造的な支持が、水、および該１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内の１つ以上の正の浮力の気体ポケットによってもたらされる、請求項２に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 The structural support to one or more closed photobioreactor chambers, water, and the one or more closed photo provided depending on the gas pocket of the one or more positive buoyancy bioreactor chamber, wherein Item 3. A closed photobioreactor according to item 2. 前記１つ以上の正の浮力の気体ポケットのそれぞれが、光合成によって生成された酸素を集め、酸素豊富な気体が、発電プラントまたは燃焼室の燃焼の効率の向上をもたらすために該１つ以上の正の浮力の気体ポケットから集められる、請求項６に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 Wherein each of the one or more positive buoyancy gas pockets, collect oxygen produced by photosynthesis, oxygen-rich gas, in order to bring about an improvement in the efficiency of combustion of the power plant or combustion chamber the one or more 7. A closed photobioreactor according to claim 6 , collected from a positive buoyancy gas pocket . 前記１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバが、拡散光を受けることによって光合成の効率を高めるように配置されている、請求項１に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 Wherein the one or more closed photobioreactor chambers are arranged so as to increase the efficiency of things Therefore photosynthesis receiving diffused light, closed system photobioreactor of claim 1. 光へと暴露される前記１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバの表面積が、該１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバによって覆われる地面の表面積よりも大きい、請求項１に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 Surface area of the one or more closed photobioreactor chamber that is exposed to the light is larger than the surface area of the ground covered by the one or more closed photobioreactor chamber, closed system photo bio according to claim 1 Reactor. 前記１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内に成長培地および光合成微生物をさらに含んでいる、請求項１に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 It said one or more closed photobioreactor chamber further comprises a growth medium and photosynthetic microorganisms, closed system photobioreactor of claim 1. 前記光合成微生物が、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｉｓ ｏｃｕｌａｔａ、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｉｓ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｉｓ ｓｐ．、Ｔｅｔｒａｓｅｌｍｉｓ ｓｕｅｃｉｃａ、Ｔｅｔｒａｓｅｌｍｉｓ ｃｈｕｉｉ、Ｂｏｔｒｙｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｂｒａｕｎｉｉ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｅｌｌｉｐｓｏｉｄｅａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｅｍｅｒｓｏｎｉｉ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｍｉｎｕｔｉｓｓｉｍａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｐｒｏｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｉｄｅｓ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｐｙｒｅｎｏｉｄｏｓａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｓｏｒｏｋｉｎｉａｎａ、Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ、Ｃｈｒｏｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｃｙｃｌｏｔｅｌｌａ ｃｒｙｐｔｉｃａ、Ｃｙｃｌｏｔｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．、Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａ ｓａｌｉｎａ、Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａ ｂａｒｄａｗｉｌ、Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａ ｔｅｒｔｉｏｌｅｃｔａ、Ｅｕｇｌｅｎａ ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ、Ｇｙｍｎｏｄｉｎｉｕｍ ｎｅｌｓｏｎｉ、Ｈａｅｍａｔｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｐｌｕｖｉａｌｉｓ、Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓ ｇａｌｂａｎａ、Ｍｏｎｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉｕｍ ｍｉｎｕｔｕｍ、Ｍｏｎｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉｕｍ ｓｐ．、Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｓ ｓｐ．、Ｎｅｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｓ ｏｌｅｏａｂｕｎｄａｎｓ、Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａ ｌａｅｖｉｓ、Ｏｎｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉｕｍ ｓｐ．、Ｐａｖｌｏｖａ ｌｕｔｈｅｒｉ、Ｐｈａｅｏｄａｃｔｙｌｕｍ ｔｒｉｃｏｒｎｕｔｕｍ、Ｐｏｒｐｈｙｒｉｄｉｕｍ ｃｒｕｅｎｔｕｍ、Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓ ｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓ、Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓ ｑｕａｄｒｉｃａｕｌａ、Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓ ｓｐ．、Ｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｅｍａ、Ｓｔｉｃｈｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｂａｃｉｌｌａｒｉｓ、Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａ ｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ、およびＴｈａｌａｓｓｉｏｓｉｒａ ｓｐ．からなる群より選択される微細藻類または藍色細菌である、請求項１０に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 The photosynthetic microorganisms may be Nannochloropsis occulta, Nannochloropsis salina, Nannochloropsis sp. Tetraselmis suecica, Tetraselmis chuii, Botrycoccus braunii, Chlorella sp. , Chlorella ellipsoidea, Chlorella emersonii, Chlorella minutissima, Chlorella protothecoides, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella salina, Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella vulgaris, Chroomonas salina, Cyclotella cryptica, Cyclotella sp. , Dunaliella salina, Dunaliella bardawil, Dunaliella teriolecta, Euglena gracilis, Gymnodinium nelsoni, Haematococcus plumibis, , Nannochloris sp. Neochloris oleoabundans, Nitzschia laevis, Onorapidium sp. , Pavlova lutheri, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Porphyridium cruentum, Scenedesmus obliquus, Scenedesmus quadricula, Scenedesmus sp. , Skeletonema, Stichiococcus bacilaris, Spirulina platensis, and Thalassiosira sp. The closed photobioreactor according to claim 10 , which is a microalgae or cyanobacteria selected from the group consisting of: 前記水が水容器に含まれ、前記閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタが、水の喪失を少なくするように、該水容器を囲む周壁と、該水容器の下方の底部ライナーと、プラスチックの上部層の１つ以上をさらに備える、請求項１に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 Wherein water is contained in the water container, said closure system photo bioreactions pin definition is, so as to reduce the loss of water, and a peripheral wall surrounding the water container, the lower the water container and the bottom liner, the top layer of plastic The closed photobioreactor of claim 1, further comprising one or more. 紫外光または赤外光の一部またはすべての透過を阻止する一方で、光合成を支援するように可視光の透過を許す染料、コーティング、または添加剤をさらに含んでいる、請求項２に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 While blocking some or all of the transmission of ultraviolet light or infrared light, dyes that allow transmission of visible light so as to support photosynthesis, and coatings, or additives to further comprise, according to claim 2 Closed-system photobioreactor. 光のスペクトルの光合成に有効でない部分の波長を光合成に有効な波長へとずらすための染料、コーティング、含浸物、または追加の特徴をさらに備える、請求項２に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。The closed photobioreactor of claim 2, further comprising a dye, coating, impregnation, or additional feature for shifting the wavelength of the ineffective portion of the spectrum of light to a wavelength that is effective for photosynthesis. １つ以上のセンサポートをさらに備えており、各センサポートが、溶存二酸化炭素センサ、溶存酸素センサ、ｐＨセンサ、温度センサ、濁度センサ、溶存固体センサ、および蛍光分析センサからなる群より選択される１つ以上のセンサを備えており、該１つ以上のセンサからの信号が、中央制御ユニットへと送られる、請求項１に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 One or more sensor ports are further provided, each sensor port being selected from the group consisting of a dissolved carbon dioxide sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pH sensor, a temperature sensor, a turbidity sensor, a dissolved solid sensor, and a fluorescence analysis sensor. The closed photobioreactor according to claim 1, wherein one or more sensors are provided and signals from the one or more sensors are sent to a central control unit. 前記中央制御ユニットは、前記１つ以上のセンサーからの信号に応答して前記１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内で１つ以上の環境条件を制御するための、１つ以上の制御ユニットの機能を調整する、請求項１５に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。The central control unit includes one or more control units for controlling one or more environmental conditions in the one or more closed photobioreactor chambers in response to signals from the one or more sensors. The closed photobioreactor according to claim 15, wherein the function is adjusted. 前記１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバへとスパージング気泡をもたらすために、該１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバの各々の内にプラスチックフィルムで構成された気体チューブをさらに備える、請求項１に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。2. The gas tube of claim 1 further comprising a gas tube comprised of a plastic film within each of the one or more closed photobioreactor chambers to provide sparging bubbles to the one or more closed photobioreactor chambers. A closed photobioreactor as described. 前記気体チューブへと供給される気体は、二酸化炭素を含む、請求項１７に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。The closed photobioreactor according to claim 17, wherein the gas supplied to the gas tube includes carbon dioxide. 前記二酸化炭素の濃度を、前記１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタチャンバの成長培地のｐＨを調節するように制御することができる、請求項１８に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 The concentration of the carbon dioxide may be controlled so as to adjust the pH of the growth medium of said one or more closed photobioreactor chamber, closed system photobioreactor of claim 18. 前記１つ以上の閉鎖フォトバイオリアクタの成長培地から溶存酸素を取り除くために、前記気体チューブへと供給される気体は、０〜２体積％の間の酸素含有量を有する、請求項１７に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 To remove dissolved oxygen from the growth medium of said one or more closed photobioreactor, gas supplied to the gas tube has an oxygen content of between 0-2% by volume, according to claim 17 Closed-system photobioreactor. 前記フォトバイオリアクタチャンバ内の流体の量を、該チャンバが新たな培養物で接種されるときに増加または減少させることができる、請求項１に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。 Wherein the amount of fluid in the photobioreactor chamber can be increased or decreased when the chamber is inoculated with a new culture, it closed system photobioreactor of claim 1. 水の温度に影響を及ぼすための熱交換システムをさらに備える、請求項１に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。The closed photobioreactor of claim 1, further comprising a heat exchange system for influencing the temperature of the water. 前記１つ以上の閉鎖バイオリアクタチャンバの形状が、静水圧または気体圧によって少なくとも部分的に維持される、請求項２に記載の閉鎖系フォトバイオリアクタ。The closed photobioreactor of claim 2, wherein the shape of the one or more closed bioreactor chambers is at least partially maintained by hydrostatic pressure or gas pressure.
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