JP2010189438A - 壊死の治療および予防のための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
壊死の治療および予防のための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】壊死を起こしつつある細胞内で活性化された細胞内エラスターゼの酵素活性を阻害することができるエラスターゼ阻害剤と、製薬上許容される賦形剤とを含んでなる、細胞壊死およびそれを伴う疾患の治療および/または予防のための医薬組成物及びそれを含む製剤を提供する。
【選択図】図5A
Description
1.in vitroでの壊死のモデル
スタウロスポリン(Staurosporine)および抗Fas誘発性壊死
対数期のヒト前単球U-937細胞を4×105/mlの濃度で播いた。ついで該細胞を2回洗浄し、1時間にわたり2mMピルビン酸(Beit Haemek, Israel)および10% 透析FCS(Gibco, BRL)を添加したグルコース不含RPMI-1640培地(Beit Haemek, Israel)に再び播いた。
完全RPMI-1640培地で培養されたU-937培地およびPC-12細胞を洗浄し、前記のとおりにグルコース非含有RPMI-1640培地に播き、U-937細胞では7時間、PC-12細胞では5時間にわたり0.5mM KCN(Merck, Germany)で又はそれ無しで処理した。
200μM エラスターゼ阻害剤III(Calbiochemから入手したMeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CMK)を(それを添加する場合には)該誘発剤の添加の30分前に加えた。該阻害剤は100mMの濃度になるようDMSOに溶解された。該系におけるDMSOの最終濃度は0.2%であり、それをすべての処理に加えた。別の実験においては、該誘発剤の添加の30分前に200μMのエラスターゼ阻害剤(Cortech Inc.により製造されたCE1037)を加えた。該阻害剤はPBSに溶解されていた。
トリパンブルー排除
各時点で、トリパンブルー排除法(Daniel CP, Parreira A.ら, Leukemia Res. 11:191-196 (1987))により細胞生存性を測定した。アッセイは二回重複して行った。
アポトーシス性または壊死性細胞死に関連した形態学的変化を受けている細胞を、McGahonら [Methods Cell Biol, 46: p. 153-85 (1995)]により記載されているようにしてモニターした。簡潔に説明すると、1mlの該細胞を集め、遠心分離した。そのペレットを色素混合物(PBS中に含まれる100μg/ml アクリジンオレンジおよび100μg/ml 臭化エチジウムから構成される)の20倍希釈液に再懸濁させ、スライドガラス上に載せ、倒立蛍光顕微鏡で観察した。各サンプルにつき少なくとも200個の細胞を評価した。
種々の誘発剤で処理されたまたは未処理の4×107個のU-937細胞を、3時間のインキュベーションの後で集め、氷冷PBSで2回洗浄し、氷冷細胞溶解バッファー(50 nM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 0.1% NP-40, 1 mM DTT, 100μl ロイペプチンおよび100μM TLCK)となるよう108/mlで再懸濁させた。氷上でポリトロン装置(それぞれ7秒間を4サイクル)を使用して該細胞を破壊し、超遠心機における120,000×g、4℃で30分間の遠心分離により細胞破片をペレット化した。上清を更なる研究に使用するか、または-70℃で保存した。各サンプルのタンパク質含量をタンパク質アッセイ(BioRad)により測定した。
ゼラチン基質ゲル上での電気泳動を、既に記載されているとおり(Distefano J. F., Cotto C. A.ら, Cancer Invest. 6, 487-498, (1988))に行った。200μgのタンパク質を含有する該細胞ライセートの100μl アリコートを、2.5% SDS、10% スクロースおよび0.03% フェノールレッドを加えた50μlの0.625M Tris-HClバッファー(pH 6.8)に加えることにより、プロテアーゼを可逆的に不活化した。ついで、11% ポリアクリルアミドゲル中に共重合した0.1% ゼラチンを使用して、サンプルを電気泳動した。電気泳動後、SDSを除去しプロテアーゼを再活性化するために、該ゲルを、2.5%(V/V)Triton-x-100を含有する0.1M Tris-HClバッファー(pH 7.0)中に3回反復して液浸した。該ゲルを薄片にし、0.1M グリシン-NaOHバッファー(pH 7.0)中、100μM TPCK(キモトリプシン様セリンプロテアーゼ阻害剤)および100μM エラスチナール(エラスターゼ様セリンプロテアーゼ阻害剤)を加えるかまたは加えないで、37℃で一晩インキュベートした。プロテアーゼ活性のバンドをアミドブラック染色で発色させた。
1.U-937細胞における抗Fas誘発性アポトーシス/壊死
図1は、抗Fasでの処理が、対照と比較して約60%のアポトーシス誘導したことを示している。オリゴマイシンはそれ単独では不活性だが、オリゴマイシンに100ng/mlの抗Fasを加えると、アポトーシス細胞死を壊死細胞死に切り替えさせた。これらの条件下、約70%の壊死が生じ、アポトーシスは対照レベルに戻った。アクリジンオレンジおよび臭化エチジウムでの二重染色の後、蛍光顕微鏡で核の形態を判定し分析した。
1μM オリゴマイシンを加えてまたは加えずに45分間プレインキュベートしたグルコース不含培地でU-937細胞を維持し、さらに100ng/ml 抗Fasで又はそれ無しで3時間処理した。この後、細胞ライセートを「実験プロトコール」に記載のとおりに調製し、ゼラチン基質ゲル電気泳動に供した。図2に示す結果は、抗Fasおよびオリゴマイシンでの処理がプロテアーゼ活性のバンド(レーンD)の出現を引き起こしたことを示しており、これは未処理対照細胞(レーンA)、抗Fas処理細胞(レーンB)またはオリゴマイシン処理細胞(レーンC)のいずれにおいても見出されなかった。このバンドは100μM エラスチナールの存在下(レーンD)では消失したが、100μM TPCKの存在下(レーンD)では消失せず、このことは、抗Fasおよびオリゴマイシンでの処理がエラスターゼ様活性を誘発したがキモトリプシン様活性を誘発しなかったことを示している。
U-937細胞を0.5mM KCNで又はそれ無しで3時間処理し、ついで細胞ライセートを「実験プロトコール」に記載のとおりに調製し、ゼラチン基質ゲル電気泳動に供した。図3に示す結果は、KCNでの処理がプロテアーゼ活性のバンド(レーンB)の出現を引き起こしたことを示しており、これは未処理対照細胞(レーンA)においては見出されなかった。このバンドは100μM エラスチナールの存在下(レーンB)では消失したが、100μM TPCKの存在下(レーンB)では消失せず、このことは、KCNでの処理がエラスターゼ様活性を誘発したがキモトリプシン様活性を誘発しなかったことを示している。
U-937細胞を5mM KCNで又はそれ無しで処理した。200μM エラスターゼ阻害剤(Cortech)を3時間加え、ついで細胞ライセートを「実験プロトコール」に記載のとおりに調製し、ゼラチン基質ゲル電気泳動に供した。結果を図4に示す。KCNでの処理はプロテアーゼ活性のバンド(レーンB)の出現を引き起こしたと理解されうるが、これは未処理対照細胞(レーンA)においては見出されなかった。このバンドは、200μM エラスターゼ阻害剤の存在下でKCNが加えられた場合(レーンC)には消失した。
0.5mM KCNに対するPC-12細胞の曝露は、対照と比較して著しく壊死細胞死を誘発した。それ単独では不活性であるエラスターゼ阻害剤IIIの添加は、KCNにより誘発される壊死を顕著に阻害した(図5)。トリパンブルー排除により同じ条件下で細胞生存を判定した場合にも、エラスターゼ阻害剤IIIの保護効果が見られた(図5A)。
KCNでの処理は95%の壊死を引き起こしたが、対照では10%であった。KCNと共にエラスターゼ阻害剤IIIを加えると、壊死細胞死が21%へと著しく減少し、壊死細胞死の22%がアポトーシス細胞死に移行した。この阻害剤により該細胞の52%が壊死細胞死から保護された。エラスターゼ阻害剤IIIは細胞損傷を何ら引き起こさなかった(図6)。
図7Aは抗Fas誘発性アポトーシス/壊死を示す。これらの条件下、細胞を透過性エラスターゼ阻害剤(Cortech Inc.)に曝露した。この曝露はアポトーシス性および壊死性細胞死を完全に妨げた(図7B)。非透過性エラスターゼ阻害剤であるエラスチナールはこの系において何ら影響を及ぼさなかった(図7C)。
図8は、1.25μM STSでの処理が、対照と比較して約73%のアポトーシスを誘発したことを示している。オリゴマイシンはそれ単独では不活性だが、オリゴマイシンにSTSを加えると、アポトーシス細胞死を壊死細胞死に切り替えさせた。これらの条件下、約70%の壊死が生じ、アポトーシスは対照レベルに戻った。アクリジンオレンジおよび臭化エチジウムでの二重染色の後、蛍光顕微鏡で核の形態を判定し分析した。
1.25μM STSに対するPC-12細胞の曝露は、対照と比較して著しくアポトーシス細胞死を誘発した。それ単独では不活性である200μM エラスターゼ阻害剤(Cortech Inc.)の添加は、STSにより誘発されるアポトーシスを顕著に阻害した(図9)。
図10Aに見られるとおり、1μM オリゴマイシンを加えた1.25μM STSは約70%の壊死を誘発した。200μM エラスターゼ阻害剤はそれ単独では不活性だが、STSにより誘発される壊死を完全に妨げた。同じ条件下、100μM エラスターゼ阻害剤は壊死細胞死を9%へと著しく減少させ、壊死細胞死の39%をアポトーシス細胞死に移行させた(図10B)。
0.5mM KCNに対するPC-12細胞の曝露は、対照と比較して著しく壊死細胞死を誘発した。それ自体は不活性である200μM エラスターゼ阻害剤の添加は、KCNにより誘発される壊死を顕著に阻害した(図11)。
図12に見られるとおり、オリゴマイシンの存在下でのSTSでの処理は、対照と比較して細胞生存を著しく減少させた。エラスターゼ阻害剤はそれ単独では僅かな効果しか示さないが、STSおよびオリゴマイシンにより誘発される細胞死滅を顕著に阻害した。該阻害効果は48時間の延長インキュベーション中に測定した。細胞生存度はトリパンブルー排除により測定した。アポトーシスについても同様の結果を得た(データは示さず)。
Claims (7)
- 細胞壊死およびそれを伴う疾患の治療および/または予防のための1種類以上の細胞透過性エラスターゼ阻害剤を含む医薬組成物の製剤であって、
前記医薬組成物の有効成分の投与量は、個々の患者の所望の治療応答を達成するのに有効な量のエラスターゼ阻害剤が得られるように変えることができ、
選択される剤形は、個々のエラスターゼ阻害剤の活性に応じて変えることができ、
前記エラスターゼ阻害剤が、1以上の製薬上許容される賦形剤とともに製剤化されたものであり、
前記1以上の製薬上許容される賦形剤は、無毒性であり不活性な固体、半固体または液体の充填剤または製剤化補助剤であり、
前記エラスターゼ阻害剤は、壊死を起こしつつある細胞内で活性化された細胞内エラスターゼの酵素活性を阻害することができる、医薬組成物製剤。 - 1つのアポトーシス阻害剤を更に含み、
前記エラスターゼ阻害剤の量が、細胞壊死を少なくとも部分的にアポトーシス細胞死に移行させ得る量であって、かつ前記アポトーシス阻害剤が用いられないときに細胞壊死を阻害する量より少ない量である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物製剤。 - 老化の治療および/または予防のための薬剤をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の医薬組成物製剤。
- 1以上のアポトーシス阻害剤または1以上の老化防止剤を更に含み、
前記エラスターゼ阻害剤の量が、細胞壊死を少なくとも部分的にアポトーシス細胞死に移行させ得る量であって、かつアポトーシス阻害剤が用いられないときに細胞壊死を阻害する量より少ない量である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物製剤。 - ニューロン細胞、プルキンエ細胞、海馬(hypocampal)錐体細胞、グリア細胞、造血細胞、リンパ球、マクロファージ、肝細胞、胸腺細胞、筋細胞、繊維芽細胞、心筋細胞、上皮細胞、気管支上皮細胞、糸球体、肺上皮細胞、ケラチノサイト、胃腸細胞、表皮細胞、骨細胞および軟骨細胞よりなる群から選ばれる細胞における細胞壊死の治療および/または予防のための医薬組成物を含む、請求項1乃至3何れかに記載の医薬組成物製剤。
- 細胞壊死を伴う疾患が、神経変性疾患、新生児呼吸窮迫、糖尿病、血管ジストロフィー、白血病、仮死、リンパ腫、嵌頓ヘルニア、結核、子宮内膜症、凍傷、鉄負荷(iron-load)合併症、ステロイド治療の合併症、虚血性心疾患、脳血管疾患または脳血管損傷、壊疽(足壊疽を除く。)、肝炎、ヘモグロビン尿症、高熱、小児脂肪便症、区画症候群、壊死性直腸結腸炎(necrotizing procolitis)、腎毒性、多発性硬化症、脊髄損傷、筋ジストロフィー、チロシン血症 (tyrosemia)、代謝性遺伝病、マイコプラズマ疾患、炭疽菌感染、他の細菌の感染、ウイルス感染、アンダーソン(Anderson)病、先天性ミトコンドリア疾患、フェニルケトン尿症、胎盤梗塞、梅毒、無菌壊死、虚血壊死、アルコール中毒ならびにコカイン、薬物、化学毒素、農薬および重金属の投与および/または自己投与および/または曝露に関連した壊死よりなる群から選ばれる、請求項1乃至3何れかに記載の医薬組成物製剤。
- 細胞壊死を伴う疾患が、乾癬、再灌流障害、とこずれ、膵炎、細菌敗血症、ウイルス敗血症、熱傷、クローン病、嚢胞性線維症、慢性関節リウマチ、糸球体腎炎、変形性関節症よりなる群から選ばれる、請求項1乃至3何れかに記載の医薬組成物製剤。
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IL148924A (en) * | 2002-03-26 | 2015-06-30 | Mor Research Applic Ltd | Use of substances that inhibit intracellular elastase activity in the preparation of a drug for the treatment and / or prevention of necrosis of cells and related diseases |
IL163453A0 (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2009-02-11 | Yeda Res & Dev | Enzyme inhibitor in leukemia |
EP2538961B1 (en) * | 2010-02-24 | 2016-10-12 | Ben Gurion University Of The Negev Research And Development Authority | Inhibition of necrosis |
CN107690429B (zh) | 2015-04-07 | 2022-02-25 | Ela制药有限公司 | 用于治疗和/或预防细胞或组织坏死的组合物,其特异性靶向组织蛋白酶c和/或cela1和/或cela3a和/或与其结构相关的酶 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN100569281C (zh) | 2009-12-16 |
KR20050058283A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
JP5427336B2 (ja) | 2014-02-26 |
ES2443990T3 (es) | 2014-02-21 |
EP1494698B1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
US20050288368A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
AU2003227309B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
IL148924A (en) | 2015-06-30 |
US20120289452A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
EP1494698A4 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
CA2480302C (en) | 2020-05-19 |
WO2003079969A3 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
JP2005526779A (ja) | 2005-09-08 |
IL148924A0 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
CA2480302A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
CN1655809A (zh) | 2005-08-17 |
EP1494698A2 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
AU2003227309A1 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
WO2003079969A2 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
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