JP2010115633A - Chemical reaction device by temperature and pressure, and treatment method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device which eliminates equipment cost problems of a boiler, and at the same time carries out a shared treatment of a simplification in a condition setting of control, an expansion treatment, a hydrothermal treatment, and a treatment of recovering an extraction liquid by the same machine. <P>SOLUTION: A chemical reaction by a temperature and pressure is carried out by an electric heating coil directly heating the lower half of a treatment container with radius R to the treatment container, a cooling coil lowering the temperature by circulating cooling water in the upper half of the treatment container with radius R, an operating mouth carrying out an injection of moisture, a pressurizing operation, or a depressurizing operation, before a reaction operation due to the heating, a stirring mechanism of stirring an object to be treated in the treatment container, a pressure control mechanism of finely controlling the pressure in the container by a control device, a negative pressure container of preventing a deterioration in the reaction extraction liquid, an inclined angle-variable mechanism of operating the inclined angle of a whole reactor system to make easy the discharge of the reaction extraction liquid in the treatment container, and a managed control device of carrying out an umbrella administration and controlling a historical management. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a reaction apparatus that changes the properties of an organic object to be treated by using a chemical reaction by temperature and pressure, and a treatment method using the reaction apparatus.

  A cannon that was no longer needed after the war was remodeled into a pressure kettle, rice was put into it, starch was gelatinized with high heat and high pressure, released into the atmosphere, and expanded to a rapid pressure change. Barley and buckwheat , A technique for treating straw, corn, soybeans, empty beans, ginkgo, macaroni, and the like, a solvent containing a low molecular weight alcohol as a main component, and a substance containing a polysaccharide substance in a sealed container, A hydrothermal treatment technique using a polysaccharide-based material treatment method in which the inside of a sealed container is pressurized and heated to a supercritical state of the low molecular weight alcohol is known.

  In Patent Document 1, animal and plant strips such as vegetable scraps and meat scraps are sealed in a pressure vessel, heated and pressurized at 144 to 175 ° C. in a wet state and 3 to 8 kg / cm 2 with a gauge pressure for 5 minutes. After the above steaming treatment, suddenly discharge from the pressure vessel to atmospheric pressure, instantaneously vaporize and explode the water in the animal and plant tissue, crush the animal and plant debris, and remove the water in it as water vapor A featured animal and plant strip processing method and processing apparatus have been proposed. This method is an optimal processing apparatus for performing the expansion treatment, but has a problem that it is not suitable for an apparatus for collecting a reaction extract by hydrothermal treatment.

  In Patent Document 2, organic waste is finely crushed by a crusher 7 and provided to reactors R1 to Rn, and steam decomposition is performed with steam from the boiler 3. The decomposition product B is discharged from the system as a liquid fertilizer by the solid-gas-liquid separator 4 and the solid component is supplied to the drying device 5 and dried. Thereafter, a part of the components is adjusted by the adjusting device 6, and the solid component of the decomposed product B formed into granules by the granulating device 7 is shipped to the outside as granular fertilizer. An organic waste treatment apparatus and method, and a reactor for steam cracking, which are left outside the system and used as a fertilizer raw material, have been proposed. This method is an apparatus specialized for performing steam decomposition with steam from a boiler, and has a problem that is not suitable for performing expansion treatment.

  In Patent Document 3, food residue, wood waste, and paper waste are hydrolyzed, pyrolyzed, dried, and carbonized with saturated steam at high temperature and high pressure to decompose organic compounds into glucose, amino acids, higher fatty acids, etc., or active carbonization. A raw material processing method, a feed manufacturing method, a fertilizer manufacturing method, and a raw material processing apparatus have been proposed. This method is an excellent treatment method in which steaming, hydrolysis, and thermal decomposition are performed in a time-sharing manner using a double-structured kettle composed of an inner treatment kettle and an outer heated and warming kettle, but the pressure is 11 kg / cm 2. In order to cope with a double structure kettle, the technical difficulty and the problem that the weight of the kettle body increases, and when moisture is instantly vaporized and explosively carbonized, consider the moisture contained in the steam from the boiler, There is a problem in that it is necessary to set the supply temperature and pressure high.

  Patent Document 4 discloses a steam processing apparatus that steam decomposes an object by supplying steam into a pressure vessel in which the object to be processed is stored, and the condensed liquid that is liquefied by the vapor adhering to the inner wall of the pressure container. There has been proposed a steam processing apparatus comprising a condensate recovery means for recovering water and an extract liquid recovery means for recovering an extract of a processing object obtained by steam decomposition. This method is an excellent processing method that can prevent dilution by moisture contained in the steam by providing the extract collecting means, but since it is a mechanism specialized for the extract collecting means, There is a problem in that the temperature distribution is uneven and not suitable for other purposes.

  In Patent Document 5, stirring means 82, 90, 92, 94, and 98 for stirring the organic waste 12 are provided in the container 14 in which the organic waste 12 is stored, and high-temperature and high-pressure heating steam is supplied. Heating steam supply means 68, 70, 72 for supplying the inside of the container are provided, and the high-temperature and high-pressure heating steam is supplied into the container 14 by the heating steam supply means 68, 70, 72. The pressure reducing means 75c, 78, 80 for reducing the pressure is provided, and in the container 14 in the reduced pressure state, the organic waste 12 accommodated in the container 14 is stirred and brought into contact with high-temperature high-pressure heating steam to boil heat treatment. An organic waste processing apparatus and a processing method configured as described above have been proposed. This method is an excellent treatment method that eliminates the factor that hindered the temperature rise by reducing the pressure inside the container before supplying steam and sucking the air trapped inside the organic waste. There is a problem that consideration for moisture contained in water vapor and means for collecting an extract are not provided.

  In Patent Document 6, a natural raw material is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction in the processing vessel 2 to reduce the molecular weight, and after cooling to a predetermined temperature, an inert gas is injected into the processing vessel 2 to inactivate positive pressure. Proposed are low-molecular-weight natural materials that are collected while being held in a gas atmosphere, methods for producing low-molecular-weight natural materials, and microbial preparations using these. This method is an excellent manufacturing method that prevents oxidation of low molecular weight natural materials and contamination of microorganisms. However, this method requires a replacement gas, resulting in complicated mechanisms and control. There is.

  In Patent Document 7, high-temperature and high-pressure steam of about 200 ° C./2 MPa is introduced into the processing chamber 110, and the object to be processed is treated with water in the processing chamber 110 by the water component of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam and the heat of the steam. When the heat treatment is performed, the steam heated by the boiler 120 is heated by the steam superheater 130. Prior to the introduction of water vapor, high-pressure air is introduced into the processing chamber 110 so that the inside of the processing chamber 110 is preliminarily set in a high-pressure environment, and the residual water vapor in the previous hydrothermal treatment is sprayed on the object to be treated before being subjected to the hydrothermal treatment. Then, the temperature of the object to be processed is raised in advance. Thus, a hydrothermal treatment apparatus and method for hydrothermally treating an object to be treated with the heat and water components of water vapor that maintain the treatment environment in the treatment chamber 110 at a high temperature and high pressure have been proposed. In this method, prior to the introduction of water vapor, high-pressure air is introduced into the processing chamber so as to obtain a high-pressure environment in advance, and the previous residual water vapor is sprayed on the object to be processed before hydrothermal treatment to raise the temperature of the object to be processed in advance. Although it is an excellent treatment method, the performance of 200 ° C / 2MPa is ensured by the boiler and the steam superheater, so the introduction of the compressor to shorten the pressure rise time makes the mechanism and control complicated and the cost increases Since the remaining water vapor after processing and ammonia contains volatile components derived from ammonia, terpenes and resins, there is a problem of contaminating the next processed product.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-168750 JP 2002-113444 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-047409 JP 2005-230726 A JP 2007-021410 A JP 2007-098367 A JP 2008-055285 A

  However, heating and pressurization by a boiler are expensive in equipment cost, and the pressure in the processing vessel is adjusted by the amount of high-pressure steam injected, and the temperature is determined in accordance with the pressure of this high-pressure steam. Although the maximum pressure of water vapor that can be generated by the boiler method is determined, the conventional processing pressure is about 2 MPa, and the water vapor of about 1.96 MPa contains about 8 to 11% of water. However, in order to obtain water vapor with a low water content, it was necessary to obtain water vapor in a dry state using a steam superheater, and there was a problem of reduction in equipment costs.

  In addition, conventional chemical reactors using temperature and pressure are expensive and costly for these incidental facilities, including the pressure vessel, as well as the equipment costs for boilers. There has been a demand for a device that simplifies setting of conditions for performing control, expands an expansion processing device, a hydrothermal treatment device, and an extract recovery processing device, and performs a shared process on the same machine.

  Therefore, the present invention applies a phenomenon in which air is expanded by heating the inside of a closed container, which is the principle of a cereal expander, which is a culmination of chemical reaction devices based on temperature and pressure, and is configured as a device that does not require a boiler. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device that solves the boiler facility cost problem and simplifies control condition setting, expands processing, hydrothermal processing, and extract recovery processing by the same machine.

  To achieve the above object, the temperature and pressure chemical reaction apparatus according to claim 1 is an apparatus for performing a chemical reaction in a processing vessel having an inlet and an outlet and having heat resistance and pressure resistance. In order to carry out a chemical reaction by temperature and pressure by heating, an electrothermal mechanism for directly heating the processing vessel to the lower half of the radius of the processing vessel R, and cooling to lower the temperature with circulating cooling water to the upper half of the radius of the processing vessel R A mechanism, an operation port for performing water injection, pressurization operation and decompression operation before the reaction operation by heating, an agitation mechanism composed of a motor, a rotating shaft and an agitator for agitating the processed material in the treatment container, Manipulates the pressure adjustment mechanism that finely adjusts the pressure with a management control device and a solenoid valve, the negative pressure vessel with the cooling mechanism that prevents the degradation of the low molecular weight product liquid generated by the reaction, and the tilt angle of the entire reaction device Place A tiltable mechanism to ease depolymerized product solution discharged in the container, is characterized in that a management control system for supervising and history management controlling them.

  The present invention uses the characteristic that warmed air rises and cooled air descends, and efficiently performs heating and cooling. A close-contact hot plate heater or silicon rubber heater is used as a processing vessel R radius. An electric heating mechanism that directly heats the processing vessel disposed in the lower half of the container, and a cooling mechanism that disposes an intimate water cooling unit in the upper half of the radius of the processing vessel R and indirectly cools the processing vessel with circulating cooling water. A chemical reaction process by pressure is performed.

  Also, in chemical reaction processing that collects low molecular weight processing liquid from various raw materials, the low molecular weight generated liquid generated by the reaction at the bottom of the processing vessel is discharged efficiently and hygienically without being exposed to high temperatures for a long time. Therefore, the tilting angle of the whole reaction apparatus is set to a lower position on the lower molecular weight product liquid collecting tube side by the tilt angle variable mechanism, and the lower molecular weight processing liquid is collected.

  The chemical reaction apparatus using temperature and pressure according to claim 2 is an apparatus for performing a chemical reaction in a processing vessel having an inlet and an outlet and having heat resistance and pressure resistance. In the hydrothermal treatment that requires a large amount of vaporized steam and a pressure reducing operation, water is injected from the operating port before the reaction operation by heating, and a high-concentration low molecular weight product solution that avoids an increase in moisture content It is characterized in that the characteristics of both the hydrothermal treatment machine and the cereal expansion machine are suitably used by using the moisture retained in the treated product in the process of collecting the potato, the carbonization process and the expansion process.

  This invention is supplied from a conventional boiler by injecting moisture from an operation port before a reaction operation by heating so that a hydrothermal treatment equivalent to a hydrothermal treatment that requires a large amount of vaporized vapor by a conventional boiler is performed. Hydrothermal treatment is performed by setting the inside of the processing container to a moisture content corresponding to the moisture to be generated. On the other hand, in the process of collecting a low-molecular-weight product with a high concentration that wants to avoid an increase in the moisture content, or in the carbonization process or expansion process, the moisture contained in the processed product is used to create a dry state using a steam superheater. Compared to the case, it shows significant savings in electricity bills.

  The chemical reaction apparatus using temperature and pressure according to claim 3 is an apparatus for performing a chemical reaction in a processing vessel having an inlet and an outlet and having heat resistance and pressure resistance. And an operation port for performing depressurization operation, pressurizing operation before reaction operation to set a high pressure environment higher than the volume expansion coefficient of air in heating from atmospheric pressure, or depressurizing operation before reaction operation from atmospheric pressure It is characterized by freely changing the processing environment inside the processing vessel by setting a high temperature environment higher than the temperature rise in heating of the chamber, or by depressurizing before the reaction operation and discharging the air in the processing object Yes.

  In order to realize a processing environment equivalent to the processing environment inside the processing vessel by the conventional boiler and steam superheater, the present invention performs a pressurizing operation before the reaction operation and is higher than the volume expansion coefficient of air in heating from atmospheric pressure It is carried out by setting a high-pressure environment or setting a high-temperature environment higher than the temperature rise in heating from atmospheric pressure by performing a pressure-reducing operation before the reaction operation, and enables a high-level setting by a simple operation. Furthermore, the pressure reduction operation is performed before the reaction operation, and the air in the processed material with poor thermal conductivity is discharged, thereby exhibiting the effect of reducing the temperature distribution unevenness in the processed material.

  The chemical reaction apparatus with temperature and pressure according to claim 4 is an apparatus for performing a chemical reaction in a processing vessel having an inlet and an outlet and having heat resistance and pressure resistance. By providing a negative pressure vessel at the rear end of the solenoid valve, reducing the pressure inside the negative pressure vessel and releasing the processing vapor into a negative pressure vessel in a reduced pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, the discharge pressure gradient of the processing vapor is drastically reduced, It is characterized by reducing the volatile components contained in the process steam by a cooling mechanism, increasing the vaporization and explosion conditions of moisture, and promoting gas-liquid separation.

  This invention is a technique for improving the processing efficiency in conventional carbonization processing and expansion processing, and a negative pressure vessel is provided at the rear end of the solenoid valve at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe provided at the top of the processing vessel, and the inside of the negative pressure vessel is depressurized. By discharging the processing steam into the negative pressure vessel cooled in a reduced pressure state lower than the atmospheric pressure, the exhaust pressure gradient of the processing steam is drastically lowered to promote the vaporization and explosion condition of moisture. Further, the volatile components contained in the processing steam are reduced by the cooling mechanism, and gas-liquid separation is also performed in the negative pressure vessel.

  The chemical reaction apparatus using temperature and pressure according to claim 5 is an apparatus for performing a chemical reaction in a processing vessel having a heat inlet and an outlet and having heat resistance and pressure resistance. A negative pressure container is provided at the rear end of the discharge valve at the outlet of the sampling tube, the inside of the negative pressure container is sterilized under reduced pressure, the low molecular weight product liquid is sucked into the negative pressure container under a reduced pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, and the temperature in the negative pressure container It is characterized by preventing microbial contamination from the atmosphere and deterioration of the low molecular weight product liquid by lowering the temperature with a cooling mechanism.

  The present invention is a technique for preventing oxidation of a low molecular weight product without using a replacement gas and preventing microbial contamination, and sterilizing the inside of a negative pressure vessel under reduced pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. The low molecular weight product liquid is sucked into the cooled negative pressure vessel from the low molecular weight product liquid collection tube, and the microorganisms are contaminated from the atmosphere and the low molecular weight product liquid is deteriorated due to the isolation conditions and the cooling effect. To prevent.

  The chemical reaction apparatus using temperature and pressure according to claim 6 is a device for performing a chemical reaction in a processing vessel having an inlet and an outlet and having heat resistance and pressure resistance. The phase delay caused by the change in the self-inductance (L) of the drive coil that changes due to the load fluctuation of the motor that drives the stirring mechanism obtained from the means and the means that drives the motor is compared with the phase of the commercial power supply that is supplied. The obtained numerical values are used as control information, and the control and control device judges and controls the fine adjustment of temperature and pressure in the processing vessel, protection of the motor, proper movement of the processing object, property change rate of the processing object, and processing completion operation, It has a circuit for storing these data, and is characterized in that operation data based on the stored management history is added to or deleted from the subsequent selection modes.

  The present invention is a technology that simplifies the condition setting for ideal control, and the manual operation is performed by the management control device that stores the entire manual operation in the storage device and the time change captured by each sensor and reproduces it. A data table that can perform ideal control by preparing multiple tables that temporarily store the proper movement and processing completion movement of the processed object by fine adjustment of the temperature and pressure in the processing container and forward / reverse rotation of the motor. Is left as operational data, and other data tables are deleted.

The processing method using the chemical reaction apparatus according to temperature and pressure according to claim 7, in collecting the low molecular weight processing solution from the plant raw material, the processing container is fixed in a horizontal state, and the plant raw material is placed in the processing container. The reaction vessel is vacuumed to 10 ⁻¹ Pa and then returned to atmospheric pressure, and the inside of the treatment vessel is restored to 150 ° C. to 190 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism. And the expansion pressure in the processing container is maintained within a range of 0.6 MPa to 1.6 MPa for a predetermined time, and after the low molecular weight treatment using the moisture contained in the plant raw material, the processing container is cooled by the cooling mechanism. The inside temperature of the reactor is lowered to 100 ° C. or less, the inside of the processing vessel is maintained at a positive pressure, and the inclination angle of the whole reaction apparatus is set to a low position by the inclination angle variable mechanism on the low molecular weight product liquid collecting tube side, Connected vacuum sterilization and cooling It sucked in behind vessel subjected to, to prevent microbial contamination from the atmosphere by positive 圧放 unloading and negative pressure suction, is characterized in that to prevent high temperature deterioration of the low molecular weight product solution.

The present invention is a technique for alleviating the hard-to-decompose characteristics of plant raw materials having a high lignin content, by sucking air from the operation port before the reaction operation by heating, and reducing the inside of the processing vessel to a degree of vacuum of 10 ⁻¹ Pa. The air layer in the plant raw material disappears and the plant raw material is liquefied, and the cell wall strength is lowered and the state is changed to a low molecular weight state. The air in the plant raw material with poor thermal conductivity is discharged. By doing this, in the subsequent treatment step, the effect of reducing the property change due to the applied pressure and the uneven temperature distribution in the plant raw material due to heating is exhibited.

  In the processing method using the chemical reaction apparatus according to temperature and pressure according to claim 8, when collecting the low molecular weight processing solution from the animal raw material, the processing container is fixed in a horizontal state, and the animal raw material is placed in the processing container. And the inside of the processing container is heated to a temperature of 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism, and the expansion pressure in the processing container is maintained within a range of 0.6 MPa to 1.8 MPa for a predetermined time. After the low molecular weight treatment using the internal water content, the temperature in the processing vessel is lowered to 130 ° C to 140 ° C by the cooling mechanism, the water vapor containing unnecessary volatile components is discharged from the branch exhaust pipe, and further, the cooling mechanism The temperature inside the processing vessel is lowered to 100 ° C. or lower, the inside of the processing vessel is maintained at a positive pressure, and the inclination angle of the entire reaction apparatus is set to a low position on the low molecular weight product liquid collecting tube side by the variable inclination angle mechanism. Reduction connected to the valve Sterilization and cooling is sucked in behind vessel subjected to not contain unwanted volatile components, it is characterized in that to prevent high temperature degradation of microbial contamination and low molecular weight product solution.

  This invention utilizes the temperature difference between the volatile component in water vapor changing to an aqueous solution due to the difference in specific gravity and the temperature at which the low molecular weight product solution in water vapor changes to an aqueous solution, which is slightly higher than the branch point temperature of both. The temperature immediately before the volatile component in the water vapor changes to an aqueous solution is set to 130 ° C. to 140 ° C., and after the water vapor containing unnecessary volatile components such as ammonia contained in the animal raw material is discharged from the branch exhaust pipe, This is a technique for collecting a low molecular weight product liquid that does not contain unnecessary volatile components by sucking the low molecular weight product liquid into a negative pressure vessel connected to a discharge valve.

  The processing method using the temperature and pressure chemical reaction apparatus according to claim 9, in collecting the low molecular weight processing liquid from the marine resources, the processing container is fixed in a horizontal state, and the marine resource raw material is placed in the processing container. The container is sealed, and 0.5% to 15% of water is injected from the operation port with respect to the weight of the charged raw material, and the inside of the processing container is heated to a temperature of 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism. Was maintained in the range of 0.6 MPa to 1.8 MPa for a predetermined time, and after the molecular weight reduction treatment, the temperature in the processing vessel was lowered to 120 ° C. to 130 ° C. by the cooling mechanism, and injected from the branch exhauster before the treatment. Water vapor corresponding to moisture is discharged, the temperature inside the processing vessel is lowered to 100 ° C. or less by the cooling mechanism, the inside of the processing vessel is maintained at a positive pressure, and the inclination angle of the entire reactor is lowered by the variable inclination angle mechanism. Molecularization product collection tube side is Is set to have a position, sucked in behind vessel which has been subjected to the connected vacuum sterile cooling and the exhaust valve, it is characterized in that to prevent high temperature degradation of microbial contamination and low molecular weight product solution.

  This invention is set at 120 ° C. to 130 ° C. at which the low molecular weight product solution in the water vapor completely changes to an aqueous solution and can also exist as water vapor, and the water vapor corresponding to the water injected before treatment from the branch exhaust This is a technique for collecting the low molecular weight product liquid that is not diluted with the injected water by sucking the low molecular weight product liquid into the negative pressure container connected to the discharge valve.

  In the processing method using the chemical reaction apparatus according to temperature and pressure according to claim 10, when collecting the low molecular weight processing liquid from various raw materials, the processing container is fixed in a horizontal state and various raw materials are put in the processing container. Seal, inject 0.5% to 15% of the weight of the charged raw material from the operation port, and install a negative pressure container at the rear end of the solenoid valve at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe provided at the top of the processing container. Pretreatment is performed in which the inside of the container is subjected to decompression and cooling, the inside of the processing container is heated to a temperature of 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism, and the expansion pressure in the processing container is in the range of 0.6 MPa to 1.8 MPa. The inside of the processing vessel is lowered to 140 ° C. to 150 ° C. by a cooling mechanism after being maintained for a predetermined time and subjected to a low molecular weight treatment. In the steam of the branch exhaust pipe It is characterized in that al extraction.

  The present invention is the same as the seventh, eighth, and ninth purposes for collecting the low molecular weight product liquid, but collects the low molecular weight product liquid that has completely changed from a water vapor state to an aqueous solution. Instead, the components in the water vapor whose processing vessel temperature is 140 ° C to 150 ° C are discharged from the branch exhaust pipe into the negative pressure vessel at once, and the moisture in the raw material structure is instantly vaporized. It is realized by detonating. At this time, a lower temperature in the processing vessel is advantageous for reducing the volume of the negative pressure vessel. However, since some components are liquefied at 140 ° C. or lower, the set temperature is set to 140 ° C. to 150 ° C. By subjecting the inside of the container to decompression and cooling, the discharge pressure gradient of the processing steam is drastically lowered and the temperature is also drastically lowered, thereby obtaining a volume reduction effect of the negative pressure container.

  In the processing method using the chemical reaction apparatus according to the temperature and pressure according to claim 11, in manufacturing fertilizer, the processing container is fixed in a horizontal state, food residue, organic sludge, feces as a nitrogen source, carbon Two or more kinds of raw materials including the pruned branches, wood chips, dead grass, and these nitrogen sources and carbon sources, which are the sources, are placed in a processing vessel and sealed, and 0.5% to 25% based on the weight of the input raw materials from the operation port. % Of water is injected, the inside of the processing container is heated to a temperature of 105 ° C. to 120 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism, the expansion pressure in the processing container is maintained within the range of 0.1 MPa to 0.4 MPa, and steam is supplied into the raw material. Then, the water vapor corresponding to the water injected from the branch exhaust pipe is gradually discharged, and the pressure reduced by the water vapor discharge from the operation port is compensated by the pump. Temperature between 190 ° C and 200 ° C After heating and maintaining the expansion pressure in the processing vessel within the range of 1.3 MPa to 1.9 MPa for a predetermined time for thermal decomposition, water vapor is discharged from the branch exhaust pipe at once, and moisture in the raw material structure is instantly vaporized. It is characterized by exploding.

  In the present invention, when organic sludge and pruned branches are fertilized at a high level, decomposition of refractory lignin is a very important factor. Since it is difficult with conventional methods, thermal decomposition and vaporization explosion are used. Prior to the treatment, 0.5% to 25% of water is injected with respect to the weight of the charged raw material, heated steam is permeated into the raw material by heating and pressurizing, and water vapor corresponding to the injected water is gradually discharged. The amount of pressure that was reduced due to the discharge was compensated by injecting from the pump, the temperature and the expansion pressure were maintained within the predetermined range for a predetermined time and thermally decomposed again by the electric heating mechanism, and then the steam was discharged at once to discharge the raw material structure The moisture inside is instantly vaporized and exploded to fertilize.

  The processing method using the chemical reaction apparatus according to temperature and pressure according to claim 12, when carbonizing garbage, the processing container is fixed in a horizontal state, the garbage is put in the processing container and sealed, and the processing container is sealed. The inside is heated to a temperature of 190 ° C. to 200 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism, and the expansion pressure in the processing container is maintained within a range of 1.3 MPa to 1.9 MPa for a predetermined time to be carbonized. It is characterized by instantly vaporizing and exploding water in the raw material structure.

  According to the present invention, from the treatment method according to the eleventh aspect, the moisture injecting operation in the pretreatment step, the action of permeating the heated steam into the raw material, the operation of gradually discharging the water vapor corresponding to the injected moisture, and the pressure compensation by the pump And is carbonized because of its low moisture content.

  In the processing method using the chemical reaction apparatus according to temperature and pressure according to claim 13, in producing the fermentation raw material by microorganisms by expanding the grain, the processing container is fixed in a horizontal state, and the grain is placed in the processing container. The inside of the vessel is decompressed and the negative pressure vessel whose temperature is lowered by the cooling mechanism is provided in the electromagnetic valve at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe provided at the upper part of the treatment vessel, and the inside of the treatment vessel is 140 ° C. to 150 ° C. by the electric heating mechanism. When the expansion pressure in the processing container reaches the range of 0.9 MPa to 1.1 MPa, the steam is immediately discharged into the negative pressure container in which the internal temperature is reduced along with the decompression via the branch exhaust pipe. Evaporate and explode the moisture in the raw material structure more efficiently than when it is discharged into the atmosphere, and then absorb the separated liquid obtained by cooling the negative pressure vessel in the expanded treatment material. , Loss of active ingredients It is characterized in that to prevent.

  The present invention has the same action as that of the eleventh and twelfth aspects of the present invention in that water vapor is discharged from the branch exhaust or the pipe at once, and the moisture in the raw material structure is instantly vaporized and exploded. A negative pressure vessel whose pressure is reduced by the cooling mechanism at the solenoid valve at the outlet of the exhaust pipe and the temperature is lowered by the cooling mechanism is provided, and water vapor is supplied into the negative pressure vessel whose internal temperature is lowered along with the pressure reduction via the branch exhaust pipe. Since the process steam is discharged to a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, the discharge pressure gradient of the process steam is drastically lowered and the vaporization explosion condition of the water can be increased. Even when heated to a temperature of ˜150 ° C. and the expansion pressure in the processing vessel is in the range of 0.9 MPa to 1.1 MPa, the water in the raw material structure can be efficiently vaporized and exploded.

  The processing method using the chemical reaction apparatus according to temperature and pressure according to claim 14 is arranged such that the processing container is horizontally disposed when destroying the polyphenol, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, which are carbon source constituent materials used for composting treatment. The state is fixed, and the pruned branches and wood chips, which are carbon sources, are placed in the processing container and sealed, and 0.5% to 25% of water is injected from the operation port with respect to the weight of the input raw material, and the processing container is electrically heated. The mechanism is heated to a temperature of 105 ° C. to 120 ° C., the expansion pressure in the processing vessel is maintained within the range of 0.1 MPa to 0.4 MPa, and the vapor is infiltrated into the raw material, and then injected from the branch exhaust pipe. The water vapor corresponding to the water is gradually discharged, and the pressure reduced by the water vapor discharged from the operation port is compensated by injection from the pump, and the inside of the processing container is again heated to a temperature of 190 ° C. to 200 ° C. by the electric heating mechanism. After heating and maintaining the expansion pressure in the processing vessel within a range of 1.3 MPa to 1.9 MPa for a predetermined time and thermally decomposing, water vapor is exhausted from the branch exhaust pipe at once and moisture in the carbon source constituent material structure is instantaneously It is characterized by vaporizing and exploding to convert all of the carbon source constituents into a form that can be used by microorganisms.

  The present invention is the same as the treatment method according to claim 11 except that the carbon source after the vaporization explosion treatment is used as a carbon source for the composting treatment, and polyphenol, lignin, cellulose in the conventional composting treatment is different. , Processing by a pulverizer to reduce the degradation resistance of hemicellulose, and processing to reduce the degradation resistance by swelling the cellulose with caustic soda and slaked lime to loosen the coating of the phenolic substance that becomes the degradation barrier by alkali treatment However, the process of decomposing a carbon source using wood-rotting fungi is replaced with a process that instantaneously vaporizes and explodes the water in the carbon source constituent material structure, so that even in a decomposing method using general microorganisms, carbon can be obtained within 2 days. All source components are available.

  As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the phenomenon that the air is expanded by heating the inside of the sealed container is applied, and the processing container is indirectly heated with the circulating cooling water. With the cooling mechanism for cooling, chemical reaction processing by temperature and pressure can be performed efficiently, and a boiler-free apparatus can be configured.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, by injecting moisture from the operation port before the reaction operation by heating, it is desired to avoid a hydrothermal treatment that requires a large amount of vaporized steam by a conventional boiler and, conversely, an increase in moisture content. In the carbonization treatment and expansion treatment, by using the moisture retained in the processed material, it is possible to provide a device that can share the hydrothermal treatment, carbonization treatment, and expansion treatment on the same machine, and configure equipment that does not require steam superheater equipment it can.

  According to the invention of claim 3, a pressure operation is performed before the reaction operation to set a high pressure environment higher than the volume expansion coefficient of air in the heating from the atmospheric pressure, or a pressure reduction operation is performed before the reaction operation from the atmospheric pressure. By setting a high temperature environment higher than the temperature rise during heating, it is possible to set an advanced environment by simple operation, and further, control is performed by discharging the air in the processed material by performing a decompression operation before the reaction operation. It is possible to simplify the environment setting and to reduce the temperature distribution unevenness in the processed material.

  According to the invention of claim 4, the negative pressure vessel is provided at the rear end of the solenoid valve at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe provided at the upper portion of the processing vessel, and the negative pressure vessel is depressurized and cooled in a reduced pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure. By discharging the processing steam into the pressure vessel, the discharge pressure gradient is drastically lowered, the moisture vaporization and explosion conditions are promoted, the working efficiency and the energy efficiency are improved, and the cost-effectiveness is improved.

  According to the invention of claim 5, the low molecular weight product liquid is sucked from the low molecular weight product liquid collecting tube into the negative pressure container cooled under a reduced pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure by sterilizing the inside of the negative pressure container, Due to the conditions isolated from the atmosphere and the cooling effect, the problem of preventing microbial contamination from the atmosphere and the degradation of the low molecular weight product liquid can be carried out without using a replacement gas.

  According to invention of Claim 6, it has a circuit which memorize | stores the information obtained from the means to manage temperature, the means to manage pressurization, and the means to drive a motor, and makes a data table according to the purpose operational data Thus, it is possible to configure a control device that can simplify the setting of conditions for performing ideal control.

According to the invention of claim 7, before the reaction operation by heating, air is sucked from the operation port, and the inside of the processing container is depressurized to a vacuum degree of 10 ⁻¹ Pa, thereby eliminating the air layer in the plant raw material and In the subsequent processing step, the pressure is increased in the subsequent processing step by forming a liquid layer in the raw material, changing the cell wall strength to a low molecular weight state, and discharging the air in the vegetable raw material with poor thermal conductivity. It exhibits the effect of reducing the unevenness of temperature distribution in the plant material due to the change in properties due to heating and heating.

  According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, a temperature difference in which a gas component in water vapor changes into an aqueous solution due to a difference in specific gravity of components to be collected is utilized, and the volatile component in water vapor changes into an aqueous solution upon discharge of water vapor. The temperature immediately before the operation is set to 130 ° C to 140 ° C, and after the water vapor containing unnecessary volatile components such as ammonia contained in the raw material is discharged from the branch exhaust pipe, it is reduced in the negative pressure vessel connected to the discharge valve. By aspirating the molecularization product solution, a low-molecularization product solution that does not contain unnecessary volatile components can be collected.

  According to the invention of claim 9, when steam is discharged, the low molecular weight product liquid in the steam is set to 120 ° C. to 130 ° C. where the water vapor corresponding to the water injected before the treatment is discharged from the branch exhaust. The low molecular weight product solution that is not diluted with the injected water can be collected by sucking the low molecular weight product solution into the negative pressure vessel connected to the discharge valve.

  According to the invention of claim 10, all the low-molecular-weight components that are present in the water vapor in a state where the temperature in the processing vessel is 140 ° C. to 150 ° C. and does not cause the liquefaction separation reaction are contained in the negative pressure vessel. The low-molecular-weight product liquid liquefied in the negative pressure vessel is obtained via the branch exhaust pipe by instantly discharging from the branch exhaust pipe and instantly vaporizing and exploding the moisture in the raw material structure. The remaining processed product can be taken out in a dry state.

  According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, prior to the treatment, 0.5% to 25% of water is injected with respect to the weight of the charged raw material, and the heat steam is allowed to penetrate into the raw material by heating and pressurizing, and the temperature and expansion pressure. Is maintained within a specified range for a specified period of time, and is thermally decomposed to accelerate the decomposition of refractory lignin, which has low degradability and is difficult to become microbial nutrients, and instantly vaporizes and explodes water in the raw tissue to produce fertilizer Thus, a fertilizer that can be used as a nutrient source for microorganisms and plants can be produced.

  According to the invention of claim 12, the inside of the processing container is heated to a temperature of 190 ° C. to 200 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism, and the expansion pressure in the processing container is maintained within a range of 1.3 MPa to 1.9 MPa for a predetermined time, Since treatment is performed using internal moisture, carbonization with high energy efficiency can be realized.

  According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the electromagnetic valve at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe provided at the upper part of the processing container is provided with the negative pressure container in which the inside of the container is depressurized and the temperature is lowered by the cooling mechanism. By discharging water vapor into the negative pressure container at once, the temperature in the processing container is 140 ° C. to 150 ° C. and the expansion pressure is in the range of 0.9 MPa to 1.1 MPa. It is possible to efficiently vaporize and explode water in the raw material structure.

  According to the invention of claim 14, the process of decomposing the carbon source using the conventional composting wood decay fungus is replaced by a process in which the moisture in the carbon source constituent material structure is instantly vaporized and exploded. In the decomposition method using microorganisms, all the carbon source constituent materials can be used within two days.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a perspective view to which an internal perspective line showing the structure of a chemical reaction apparatus according to temperature and pressure of the present invention is added, and FIG. 2 is an internal perspective line showing the structure of a negative pressure vessel that prevents the reaction extract from deteriorating. FIG. 3 is a perspective view, FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the load factor determination unit, and FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of the load factor determination unit.

  The chemical reaction apparatus using temperature and pressure shown in FIG. 1 is an electric heating that directly heats the lower half of the radius of the processing vessel R to a processing vessel 3 having a charging port 1 and an outlet 2 and having a heat resistance and pressure resistance of 1570 liters in volume. A mechanism 4 is disposed, and a cooling mechanism (A) 5 for lowering the temperature with circulating cooling water is disposed in the upper half of the radius of the processing vessel R, and an operation port 6 for performing water injection, pressurization operation, and decompression operation before a reaction operation by heating. A stirring mechanism including a motor 7 with a speed reducer that stirs an object to be processed in the processing container 3, a rotating shaft 8 connected to the speed reducer, and a stirring hand 9 connected to the rotating shaft 8, and the processing container 3. Pressure adjustment mechanism that finely adjusts the internal pressure by a solenoid valve 11 connected to the management controller and the branch exhauster 10, and a reaction extraction attached in place of the discharge valve (A) 13 attached to the low molecular weight product liquid collecting pipe 12 Negative pressure to prevent liquid deterioration 14, and the angle of the movable plate 17 that is rotatably moved via the rotating body 16 attached to the fixed plate 15 with the tilt angle of the whole reaction apparatus is operated by the variable mechanism 18 to generate a low molecular weight in the processing vessel 3. An inclination angle variable mechanism that facilitates liquid discharge and a management control device (not shown) that performs overall management and history management control of these are provided.

  In addition to the processing vessel 3 having the inlet 1 and the outlet 2 and having heat resistance and pressure resistance, an operation valve 20 and a branch exhaust 10 are provided in the opening / closing port 19 and the operation port 6 that constitute the processing vessel 3 separately. On the other hand, a pressure sensor 22, an upper temperature sensor 23, and a lower temperature sensor 24 are provided on the safety valve (A) 21 and the main body of the processing vessel 3.

  An inclined plate 25 is provided inside the negative pressure container 14 shown in FIG. 2, a cooling mechanism (B) 26 for lowering the temperature with circulating cooling water is disposed, and a suction pipe 27, an exhaust pipe (A) 28, and the other are disposed above the negative pressure container 14. The exhaust pipe (B) 29 is provided, a drainage collecting pipe 30 is provided at the lower part of the negative pressure vessel 14, a safety valve (B) 31 is provided in the exhaust pipe 28, and a hydraulic / pneumatic operation valve 32 is provided in the exhaust pipe 29. A discharge valve (B) 33 is attached to the discharge liquid collecting pipe 30.

  The negative pressure container 14 shown in FIG. 2 includes a negative pressure container 14 having a capacity of 1570 liters and a capacity of 20 liters indicated by the same symbol having the same configuration, and the large capacity negative pressure container 14 is connected to the branch exhauster 10 side. The small-pressure negative pressure vessel 14 is connected to the low molecular weight product liquid collecting tube 12 side.

  In the chemical reaction apparatus with temperature and pressure shown in FIG. 1, it is possible to share the hydrothermal treatment, the extract recovery process, and the expansion process with the same machine, the control method, the electromagnetic valve 11 and the discharge valve (A). Depending on the opening operation of 13 and the presence / absence of the negative pressure vessel 14, a combined hydrothermal treatment, extraction liquid recovery treatment, and expansion treatment can be performed.

  Hydrothermal treatment is a technology that utilizes a hydrothermal reaction that renders various raw materials harmless and lowers the molecular weight, and the temperature and pressure range is heated to a temperature of 150 ° C to 200 ° C in consideration of the shape of the raw material and the input amount. Then, the expansion pressure in the processing container 3 is set in the range of 0.6 MPa to 1.8 MPa.

  The extraction liquid recovery process recovers the low molecular weight product liquid generated by the hydrothermal reaction. There are two methods, and the first extraction liquid recovery process is within the range of the temperature and pressure of the hydrothermal treatment. After maintaining for a predetermined time and reducing the molecular weight, the temperature in the processing vessel 3 is lowered to 100 ° C. or less by the cooling mechanism (A) 5 and the inside of the processing vessel 3 is maintained at a positive pressure, so that the inclination angle of the whole reaction apparatus is increased. The low molecular weight product liquid collection tube 12 side is set at a low position by the variable tilt angle mechanism, and is sucked into the negative pressure vessel 14 connected to the discharge valve (A) 13 and subjected to vacuum sterilization and cooling, and positive pressure released. The extract recovery processing method according to claim 7, 8, 9 or the like, wherein microbial contamination from the atmosphere is prevented by negative pressure suction and high temperature deterioration of the low molecular weight product liquid is prevented.

  The second extraction liquid recovery process recovers the low molecular weight product liquid using hydrothermal reaction and vaporization explosion, and is applied to the rear end of the electromagnetic valve 11 at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe 10 provided at the upper part of the processing vessel 3. A negative pressure vessel 14 is provided, a pretreatment is performed in which the negative pressure vessel 14 is depressurized and cooled, and is maintained within a temperature and pressure range of hydrothermal treatment for a predetermined period of time to reduce the molecular weight. A) The temperature in the processing vessel 3 is lowered to 140 ° C. to 150 ° C. by 5 and water vapor is discharged at once into the negative pressure vessel 14 provided at the rear end of the electromagnetic valve 11 at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe 10, and the low molecular weight product liquid Is extracted from the steam discharged from the branch exhaust pipe 10.

  The expansion process instantaneously vaporizes and explodes moisture in the raw tissue, and utilizes two methods of disintegration by crushing. There are two methods, and the first expansion process is performed in the processing container 3 by the electric heating mechanism 4. After heating to a temperature of 190 ° C. to 200 ° C. and maintaining the expansion pressure in the processing vessel 3 within a range of 1.3 MPa to 1.9 MPa for a predetermined time to allow a predetermined treatment, water vapor is discharged from the branch exhaust pipe 10 at once. Then, the expansion treatment method according to claim 11, 12 or the like, wherein the moisture in the raw material structure is vaporized and exploded instantaneously.

  The second expansion process is an addition of the extraction liquid recovery process. The inside of the container is depressurized by the electromagnetic valve 11 at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe 10 provided at the top of the processing container 3 and the cooling mechanism (B) 26 is used. A negative pressure vessel 14 having a reduced temperature is provided, the inside of the processing vessel 3 is heated to a temperature of 140 ° C. to 150 ° C. by the electric heating mechanism 4, and the expansion pressure in the processing vessel 3 is in the range of 0.9 MPa to 1.1 MPa. Then, water vapor is discharged at once into the negative pressure vessel 14 whose internal temperature has been reduced along with pressure reduction via the branch exhaust pipe 10, and the water in the raw material structure is vaporized and exploded more efficiently than when discharged into the atmosphere. The expansion treatment method according to claim 13 or the like, wherein after the expansion, the separation material obtained by cooling the inside of the negative pressure vessel 14 is absorbed by the treatment material subjected to the expansion treatment and the loss of the active ingredient is prevented.

  When various processes are performed by the temperature and pressure chemical reaction apparatus shown in FIG. 1, after the control command to turn on the power of the management control apparatus (not shown), the control for keeping the processing container 3 in the horizontal state is started. , And the charging ready lamp lights up.

  After the throw-in lamp is lit, the manual operation memory switch is pressed, the motor 7 is rotated while the organic workpiece is thrown in from the slot 1, and the workpiece is moved in the direction of the outlet 2 by the agitator 9. After charging a predetermined amount of the object to be processed into the processing container 3, the operation valve 20 is opened as necessary to inject moisture from the operation port 6, a pressurizing operation is performed, or a pressure reducing operation is performed. 1 is closed and the inside of the processing container 3 is shut off from the atmosphere.

  The purpose of injecting moisture from the operation port 6 is to hydrothermally treat the object to be treated having a low moisture content, and is carried out when hydrothermally treating dry wood, dried weeds and the like efficiently. In addition, when the low molecular weight product liquid is extracted along with the hydrothermal treatment, the product liquid is diluted with the injected water, so that 0.5% to 15% of the water is injected with respect to the weight of the input raw material. preferable.

  The purpose of pressurizing operation and depressurizing operation from the operation port 6 is to set the high pressure environment higher than the volume expansion coefficient of air in heating from atmospheric pressure by performing the pressurizing operation, or in heating from atmospheric pressure by performing the depressurizing operation. The purpose is to freely change the processing environment inside the processing container 3 by setting a high temperature environment higher than the temperature rise or discharging the air in the processing object.

  Subsequently, an operation switch for starting energization of the electric heating mechanism 4 is pushed, the inside of the processing container 3 is heated to a temperature of 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. by the electric heating mechanism 4, and the expansion pressure in the processing container 3 is set to 0.6 MPa to 1.MPa. Predetermined treatment is performed for a predetermined time within a range of 9 MPa.

  The time at which the temperature of the upper temperature sensor 23 and the lower temperature sensor 24 attached to the processing container 3 coincides with each other due to the heating of the electric heating mechanism 4 is stored in the memory as the temperature at which heat is conducted in the processing object, and at the same time the elapsed time is To be recorded. Thereafter, the temperature and pressure are maintained at a specified temperature and pressure by a temperature controller and a timer circuit for a predetermined time.

  When trouble occurs during the heating operation of the electric heating mechanism 4, an alarm is generated when the internal temperature of the processing container 3 exceeds 203 ° C., and the internal pressure of the processing container 3 exceeds 1.96 MPa by the signal of the pressure sensor 22. In this case, an alarm is generated and the safety valve (A) 21 is operated to release the pressure to the atmosphere.

  When the temperature and pressure are maintained within a range for a predetermined time and the predetermined processing is completed, in the extraction liquid recovery process for recovering the low molecular weight product liquid using the hydrothermal reaction according to claims 7, 8, and 9, The temperature of the reactor is lowered to 100 ° C. or less by the cooling mechanism (A) 5, the inside of the processing vessel 3 is maintained at a positive pressure, and the inclination angle of the whole reaction apparatus is low on the low molecular weight product liquid collecting tube 12 side by the inclination angle variable mechanism. The discharge valve (A) 13 is gradually opened in the negative pressure vessel 14 which is set by the control device and connected to the discharge valve (A) 13 and subjected to vacuum sterilization and cooling. By sucking, positive pressure release and negative pressure suction prevent microbial contamination from the atmosphere, and prevent high temperature degradation of the low molecular weight product.

  When the temperature and pressure are maintained within a range for a predetermined time and the predetermined process is completed, the extract recovery process for recovering the low molecular weight product liquid using the hydrothermal reaction and vaporization explosion according to claim 10 The temperature is lowered to 140 ° C. to 150 ° C. by the cooling mechanism (A) 5, and the inside of the negative pressure vessel 14 is subjected to decompression and cooling treatment at the rear end of the electromagnetic valve 11 at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe 10 provided at the top of the treatment vessel 3. The negative pressure container 14 is provided, the solenoid valve 11 is fully opened, the water vapor from the branch exhaust pipe 10 is discharged into the negative pressure container 14 at once, and the low molecular weight product liquid is extracted from the exhausted steam from the branch exhaust pipe 10. To do.

  When the temperature and pressure are maintained within the range for a predetermined time and the predetermined processing is completed, in the expansion processing according to claims 11, 12, and 14, the electromagnetic valve 11 is fully opened and water vapor from the branch exhaust pipe 10 is exhausted at once. Moisture in the raw tissue is instantly vaporized and exploded, and the tissue is decomposed by crushing.

  When the temperature and pressure are maintained within the range for a predetermined time and the predetermined processing is completed, in the expansion processing according to claim 13, the inside of the container is depressurized by the electromagnetic valve 11 at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe 10 provided at the upper part of the processing container 3. At the same time, a negative pressure vessel 14 whose temperature is lowered by the cooling mechanism (B) 26 is provided, the electromagnetic valve 11 is fully opened, and water vapor from the branch exhaust pipe 10 is discharged into the negative pressure vessel 14 at a stretch and discharged into the atmosphere. Efficiently vaporizes and explodes water in the raw material structure, and then absorbs the separated liquid obtained by cooling the negative pressure vessel 14 in the expanded treatment material to prevent loss of active ingredients. To do.

  When ideal processing has been performed after a series of processing steps has been completed, the stored data is recalled by manual operation, and operational data based on the stored management history is added to the subsequent selection modes. If the process cannot be executed, the condition setting can be simplified by recalling and deleting the data stored by manual operation.

  Note that the inside of the negative pressure vessel 14 connected to the electromagnetic valve 11 and the discharge valve (A) 13 via the suction pipe 27 is subjected to decompression and cooling processing, and the separated liquid is cooled simultaneously with the suction, and the expansion coefficient Therefore, the negative pressure vessel 14 attached to the discharge valve (A) 13 corresponds sufficiently to the capacity of the recovered separation liquid, and the negative pressure vessel 14 attached to the electromagnetic valve 11 is treated. The same capacity as that of the container 3 can be adequately dealt with, and the separated liquid can be collected from all of the sucked water vapor, so that the separated liquid can be collected more efficiently than a collecting method such as a cold trap.

  The negative pressure container 14 is connected to the electromagnetic valve 11 or the discharge valve (A) 13 and the suction pipe 27, and is depressurized in a state where the hydraulic / pneumatic operation valve 32 is opened, and the hydraulic / pneumatic operation valve is reached when a predetermined vacuum pressure is reached. After closing 32, the cooling mechanism (B) 26 is used for cooling. The component sucked into the negative pressure container 14 via the suction pipe 27 is guided to the inclined plate 25 and taken out from the discharge valve (B) 33 via the drainage liquid collecting pipe 30. Further, when the pressure in the negative pressure container 14 changes due to troubles such as depressurization of the negative pressure container 14, the safety valve (B) 31 operates to release excess pressure from the processing container 3 to the atmosphere.

  As for the operation of the previous tilt angle variable mechanism, the angle of the rotating body 16 fixed to the movable plate 17 changes as the tip of the variable mechanism 18 expands or contracts, and the movable plate 17 moves relative to the fixed plate 15. The tilt angle changes. The purpose of changing the inclination angle is to facilitate the discharge of the low molecular weight product liquid in the processing vessel 3, and the variable mechanism 18 may be a mechanism having a structure such as a pantograph type, a gear type, a cylinder type, It does not specify the mechanism.

  Further, a means for driving the motor 7 used in the present invention to convert a phase change caused by a difference in load factor into information as a time change is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-41761 previously proposed by the inventor. Using the circuit disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. Gazette, the proper movement of the processing object and the processing completion determination by forward / reverse rotation of the motor 7 are performed based on the information obtained by the difference in load factor.

  The circuit of the load factor determination means in FIG. 3 is composed of a voltage transformation transformer 34 provided so that an AC voltage of a commercial power supply can be isolated and input to an electronic circuit, and a self-inductance detection transformer 35 connected in series to the motor 7. Has been. In the voltage transformation transformer 34, the same phase as that of the commercial power supply, which is adjusted to a value suitable for the input voltage of the electronic circuit, appears at the output 1. However, a magnetic flux corresponding to the load factor is generated in the drive coil of the motor 7, and the number of interlinkage magnetic fluxes Φ = the self-inductance L of the drive coil × the circuit current I is established, so that if the load factor changes. The self-inductance L of the drive coil also changes, and a waveform 37 having a small load and a waveform 38 having a large load appear that have a phase difference compared to the original waveform 36 of the output 1.

  In response to a change in AC current, the drive coil of the motor 7 acts to prevent the change in the number of magnetic fluxes. This can be known from the generation of the voltage across the drive coil of the motor 7, but only the phase of the AC power supply can be detected when the motor 7 is connected to the AC power supply. Therefore, if the primary coil of the self-inductance detection transformer 35 is operated as a part of the coil of the motor 7, a voltage generated by the self-induction can be secured on the secondary side of the self-inductance detection transformer 35, and the voltage is generated by the self-induction. Since the voltage waveform is in phase with the voltage waveform generated at both ends of the drive coil of the motor 7, it can be understood as the phase of the output waveform of the isolated motor 7.

  The waveform 1 of the AC voltage output 1 of the commercial power source isolated by the voltage transformation transformer 34 of FIG. 3 is the original waveform 36 shown in FIG. 4 and the output 2 of the AC voltage isolated by the self-inductance detection transformer 35 of the motor 7 is shown. These waveforms are a waveform 37 having a small load and a waveform 38 having a large load as shown in FIG. The phase change caused by the difference in load factor can be replaced with a time change such as T1 or T2.

The perspective view which added the internal perspective line which shows the structure of the chemical reaction apparatus by the temperature and pressure of this invention. The perspective view which added the internal perspective line which shows the structure of the negative pressure container which prevents deterioration of the reaction extract of this invention. The circuit diagram of the load factor determination means of this invention. The wave form diagram of the load factor determination means of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Input port 2 Discharge port 3 Processing container 4 Electric heating mechanism 5 Cooling mechanism (A)
6 Operation port 7 Motor 8 Rotating shaft 9 Stirring hand 10 Branch exhaust pipe 11 Solenoid valve 12 Low molecular weight product liquid collection pipe 13 Discharge valve (A)
14 Negative pressure vessel 15 Fixed plate 16 Rotating body 17 Movable plate 18 Variable mechanism 19 Opening and closing port 20 Operation valve 21 Safety valve (A)
22 Pressure sensor 23 Upper temperature sensor 24 Lower temperature sensor 25 Inclined plate 26 Cooling mechanism (B)
27 Intake pipe 28 Exhaust pipe (A)
29 Exhaust pipe (B)
30 Drainage collection pipe 31 Safety valve (B)
32 Hydraulic / pneumatic control valve 33 Drain valve (B)
34 Voltage transformer 35 Self-inductance detection transformer 36 Original waveform 37 Waveform with small load 38 Waveform with large load

Claims (14)

  In an apparatus that performs a chemical reaction in a processing container having a heat inlet and a discharge outlet and having heat resistance and pressure resistance, a chemical reaction by temperature and pressure is performed by directly heating the sealed container. An electric heating mechanism that directly heats the lower half of the radius, a cooling mechanism that lowers the temperature with circulating cooling water in the upper half of the radius of the processing vessel, and an operation port that performs water injection, pressurization operation, and decompression operation before the reaction operation by heating, , A stirring mechanism composed of a motor, a rotating shaft, and a stirring hand for stirring the processed material in the processing container, a pressure adjusting mechanism for finely adjusting the pressure in the container by a management control device and a solenoid valve, and a low pressure generated by the reaction. The negative pressure vessel equipped with a cooling mechanism that prevents the degradation of the molecularized product liquid, the variable tilt angle mechanism that makes it easy to discharge the low molecular weight product solution inside the processing vessel by manipulating the tilt angle of the entire reactor Manage and wear Chemical reactor according to temperature and pressure, characterized in that a management controller for managing and controlling.   In an apparatus that performs chemical reaction in a heat-resistant and pressure-resistant processing vessel equipped with an inlet and outlet, an operation port for performing water injection, pressurization operation, and decompression operation is provided before the reaction operation by heating, and a large amount of vaporized vapor is generated. In the required hydrothermal treatment, water is injected from the operation port before the reaction operation by heating, and in the process of collecting a low-molecular-weight product with a high concentration that wants to avoid an increase in the moisture content, or in the carbonization process or expansion process, The chemical reaction apparatus according to temperature and pressure according to claim 1, wherein the internal moisture is used, and the characteristics of both the hydrothermal treatment machine and the cereal expander are suitably used.   In an apparatus that has an inlet and outlet and performs chemical reaction in a heat-resistant and pressure-resistant processing vessel, an operation port for injecting moisture, pressurizing operation, or depressurizing operation is provided before the reaction operation by heating. Set the high pressure environment higher than the volume expansion coefficient of air in heating from atmospheric pressure by performing pressure operation, set the high temperature environment higher than the temperature rise in heating from atmospheric pressure by performing pressure reduction operation before reaction operation, or react 3. The temperature and pressure according to claim 1, wherein the processing environment inside the processing container is freely changed by performing a decompression operation before the operation and discharging the air in the processing object. Chemical reactor.   In an apparatus that has an inlet and outlet and performs a chemical reaction in a heat-resistant and pressure-resistant processing vessel, a negative pressure vessel is provided at the rear end of the electromagnetic valve at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe provided at the top of the processing vessel. The process steam is discharged into a negative pressure vessel under a reduced pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, so that the discharge pressure gradient of the process steam is drastically lowered, or the volatile components contained in the process steam are lowered by the cooling mechanism to The chemical reaction apparatus by temperature and pressure according to claim 1, wherein the vaporization explosion condition of the gas is increased or gas-liquid separation is promoted.   In a device that performs a chemical reaction in a processing container having a heat inlet and a discharge outlet and having heat resistance and pressure resistance, a negative pressure container is provided at the rear end of the discharge valve at the outlet of the low molecular weight product liquid collecting pipe provided at the lower part of the processing container. By sterilizing the inside of the negative pressure container and sucking the low molecular weight product liquid into the negative pressure container under a reduced pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, the temperature inside the negative pressure container is lowered by a cooling mechanism, thereby preventing microbial contamination from the atmosphere. The chemical reaction apparatus using temperature and pressure according to claim 1, wherein deterioration of the low molecular weight product liquid is prevented.   Drives the stirring mechanism obtained from the means for managing the temperature, the means for managing the pressurization, and the means for driving the motor in the apparatus that performs the chemical reaction in the heat-resistant and pressure-resistant processing vessel having the inlet and outlet. The control delay is the numerical value obtained by comparing the phase delay caused by the change in the self-inductance (L) of the drive coil, which changes due to the load fluctuation of the motor, with the phase of the commercial power supply to be supplied. Control and control of the fine adjustment of the motor, protection of the motor, proper movement of the processed material, rate of property change of the processed material, processing completion operation by the management control device, and storage of these data The operation data based on the history is added to or deleted from the subsequent selection mode, and the chemical reaction apparatus using temperature and pressure according to claim 1. When collecting the low molecular weight treatment liquid from plant raw materials, the processing vessel is fixed in a horizontal state, the plant raw material is placed in the processing vessel and sealed, and air is sucked from the operation port before the reaction operation by heating. The inside of the vessel is reduced to a vacuum of 10 ⁻¹ Pa and then returned to atmospheric pressure, the inside of the processing vessel is heated to a temperature of 150 ° C. to 190 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism, and the expansion pressure in the processing vessel is set to 0.6 MPa to 1.6 MPa. After maintaining for a predetermined time within the range of, and reducing the molecular weight using the moisture retained inside the plant raw material, the temperature in the processing vessel is lowered to 100 ° C. or less by the cooling mechanism, and the inside of the processing vessel is maintained at a positive pressure. The inclination angle of the whole reaction apparatus is set to a low position on the low molecular weight product liquid collecting tube side by a variable tilt angle mechanism, and is sucked into a negative pressure vessel connected to a discharge valve and subjected to vacuum sterilization and cooling. From the atmosphere by pressure release and negative pressure suction To prevent microbial contamination, treatment method using the chemical reactor according to the temperature and pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that to prevent high temperature deterioration of the low molecular weight product solution.   In collecting the low molecular weight treatment solution from the animal raw material, the processing container is fixed in a horizontal state, the animal raw material is placed in the processing container and sealed, and the inside of the processing container is heated to a temperature of 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism. After heating, maintaining the expansion pressure in the processing container within a range of 0.6 MPa to 1.8 MPa for a predetermined time, and reducing the molecular weight using the moisture contained in the animal raw material, the temperature in the processing container is cooled by a cooling mechanism. Is lowered to 130 ° C to 140 ° C, water vapor containing unnecessary volatile components is discharged from the branch exhaust pipe, and the temperature in the processing vessel is lowered to 100 ° C or less by the cooling mechanism, and the inside of the processing vessel remains at a positive pressure. Maintaining the whole reactor, the low-molecular-weight product liquid collecting tube side is set to a low position by the variable-tilt-angle mechanism, and it is sucked into a negative pressure vessel that has been sterilized and cooled and connected to a discharge valve. Contains unnecessary volatile components The processing method using the chemical reactor according to the temperature and pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that to prevent high temperature degradation of microbial contamination and low molecular weight product solution.   When collecting low molecular weight processing liquid from marine resources, fix the processing container in a horizontal state, put the marine resource raw material in the processing container and seal it, 0.5% to 15% with respect to the weight of the input raw material from the operation port Water is injected, the inside of the processing container is heated to a temperature of 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism, and the expansion pressure in the processing container is maintained within a range of 0.6 MPa to 1.8 MPa for a predetermined time, thereby reducing the molecular weight. After the processing, the temperature in the processing container is lowered to 120 ° C. to 130 ° C. by the cooling mechanism, the water vapor corresponding to the water injected before the processing is discharged from the branch exhaust, and the temperature in the processing container is further decreased by the cooling mechanism. Reduced to 100 ° C. or lower, maintained the positive pressure in the processing vessel, and set the tilt angle of the whole reaction apparatus to a low position by the tilt angle variable mechanism on the low molecular weight product liquid collection tube side, and connected to the discharge valve. Sterilized and cooled shade Sucked into the container, the processing method using the chemical reactor according to the temperature and pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that to prevent high temperature degradation of microbial contamination and low molecular weight product solution.   In collecting the low molecular weight processing solution from various raw materials, the processing vessel is fixed in a horizontal state, and various raw materials are placed in the processing vessel and hermetically sealed, and 0.5% to 15% of the weight of the input raw material from the operation port. Water is injected, a negative pressure vessel is provided at the rear end of the solenoid valve at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe provided at the upper part of the processing vessel, pretreatment for performing decompression and cooling processing in the negative pressure vessel is performed, and the inside of the processing vessel is After heating to a temperature of 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism, maintaining the expansion pressure in the processing vessel within a range of 0.6 MPa to 1.8 MPa for a predetermined time, and reducing the molecular weight, The temperature is reduced to 140 ° C. to 150 ° C., water vapor is discharged at once into a negative pressure vessel provided at the rear end of the solenoid valve at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe, and the low molecular weight product liquid is extracted from the steam of the branch exhaust pipe. The chemical reaction by temperature and pressure according to claim 1 characterized by Processing method using the apparatus.   In manufacturing fertilizer, the processing container is fixed horizontally, and food sources, organic sludge and feces as nitrogen sources, pruned branches, wood chips and dead grass as carbon sources, and these nitrogen sources and carbon sources. Two or more kinds of raw materials are put in a processing vessel and sealed, and 0.5% to 25% of water is injected from the operation port with respect to the weight of the charged raw material. The inside of the processing vessel is heated to 105 ° C. to 120 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism. After heating to a temperature and maintaining the expansion pressure in the processing vessel within a range of 0.1 MPa to 0.4 MPa and allowing the steam to penetrate into the raw material, water vapor corresponding to the water injected from the branch exhaust pipe is gradually added. Then, the pressure of the amount reduced with the discharge of water vapor from the operation port is compensated by injection, and the inside of the processing vessel is again heated to a temperature of 190 ° C. to 200 ° C. by the electric heating mechanism, and the expansion pressure in the processing vessel is set to 1. Within the range of 3 MPa to 1.9 MPa The temperature and pressure chemical reaction device according to claim 1, wherein after the thermal decomposition is maintained for a predetermined time, water vapor is discharged from the branch exhaust pipe at once, and the moisture in the raw material structure is instantaneously vaporized and exploded. The processing method used.   When carbonizing garbage, the processing container is fixed in a horizontal state, the garbage is put in the processing container and sealed, and the inside of the processing container is heated to a temperature of 190 ° C. to 200 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism. After the expansion pressure is maintained within a range of 1.3 MPa to 1.9 MPa for a predetermined time and carbonized, water vapor is discharged at once from the branch exhaust or pipe, and moisture in the raw material structure is instantaneously vaporized and exploded. The processing method using the chemical reaction apparatus by the temperature and pressure of Claim 1.   In the production of fermented raw materials by microorganisms by expanding the grain, the processing container is fixed horizontally, the grain is placed in the processing container and sealed, and the container is placed in the solenoid valve at the outlet of the branch exhaust pipe provided at the top of the processing container. A negative pressure vessel having a reduced pressure inside and a temperature lowered by a cooling mechanism is provided, the inside of the processing vessel is heated to a temperature of 140 ° C. to 150 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism, and the expansion pressure in the processing vessel is 0.9 MPa to 1.MPa. When the pressure reaches the range of 1 MPa, water vapor is discharged at once in a negative pressure vessel whose internal temperature is reduced along with decompression via the branch exhaust pipe, and the moisture in the raw material structure is vaporized more efficiently than when discharged into the atmosphere. The explosion-expanded treatment material absorbs the separated liquid obtained by cooling the inside of the negative pressure vessel to prevent loss of the active ingredient. Chemical reaction by temperature and pressure Processing method using the apparatus.   When destroying the hard-degradable substances such as polyphenol, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which are carbon source constituent materials used for composting treatment, the processing container is fixed in a horizontal state, and pruned branches and wood chips that are carbon sources are placed in the processing container Seal the container, inject 0.5% to 25% of water to the weight of the charged raw material from the operation port, heat the inside of the processing container to a temperature of 105 ° C to 120 ° C by an electric heating mechanism, and adjust the expansion pressure in the processing container. After maintaining the pressure in the range of 0.1 MPa to 0.4 MPa and infiltrating the steam into the raw material, the water vapor corresponding to the water injected from the branch exhaust pipe was gradually discharged, and decreased with the water vapor discharge from the operation port. The amount of pressure is compensated by injection from the pump, and the inside of the processing vessel is again heated to a temperature of 190 ° C. to 200 ° C. by an electric heating mechanism, and the expansion pressure in the processing vessel is within the range of 1.3 MPa to 1.9 MPa. After maintaining for a certain period of time and pyrolyzing, water vapor is exhausted from the branch exhaust pipe at once, and the water in the carbon source constituent material structure is instantly vaporized and exploded to convert all of the carbon source constituent material into a form that can be used by microorganisms. The processing method using the chemical reaction apparatus by temperature and pressure according to claim 1.

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