JP5267195B2 - Microwave extraction device for plant-derived essential oil - Google Patents

Microwave extraction device for plant-derived essential oil Download PDF

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JP5267195B2
JP5267195B2 JP2009037365A JP2009037365A JP5267195B2 JP 5267195 B2 JP5267195 B2 JP 5267195B2 JP 2009037365 A JP2009037365 A JP 2009037365A JP 2009037365 A JP2009037365 A JP 2009037365A JP 5267195 B2 JP5267195 B2 JP 5267195B2
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extraction
essential oil
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鉱一 伊藤
陽子 梅田
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Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a microwave extractor of vegetable-derived essential oil continuously and efficiently extracting essential oil from vegetable-based biomass using microwaves. <P>SOLUTION: The microwave extractor 10 extracts the essential oil from the vegetable-based biomass A by an extracting solvent S, and is provided with a microwave irradiation device 1, an essential oil extraction tank 2 including a rod-like or a tube-like structure 3 formed of a microwave permeable heat resistant material for transmitting the microwaves radiated from the device 1, and an extract storing tank 4 storing the extracting solvent S containing the essential oil discharged from the essential oil extraction tank 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、植物由来精油のマイクロ波抽出装置に関する。詳細には、マイクロ波を用いて、植物系バイオマスから該植物由来の精油を抽出する装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a microwave extraction apparatus for plant-derived essential oil. In detail, it is related with the apparatus which extracts the essential oil derived from this plant from plant-type biomass using a microwave.

地球温暖化対策の一環として、バイオマスを燃料に用いた発電技術がある。バイオマスとしては、都市ごみ、食品残渣、下水汚泥などの産業系バイオマスと、家畜糞尿などの動物系バイオマスと、栽培植物、伐採木や農作物残渣などの植物系バイオマスとがあり、植物系バイオマスは、粉砕物、炭化物、液化物、ガス化物などに加工された後、燃料として用いられる。   As part of global warming countermeasures, there is power generation technology that uses biomass as fuel. Biomass includes industrial biomass such as municipal waste, food residues, sewage sludge, animal biomass such as livestock manure, and plant biomass such as cultivated plants, felled trees, and crop residues. After being processed into a pulverized product, carbide, liquefied product, gasified product, etc., it is used as a fuel.

これら上記のバイオマスは固体であり、嵩高く、収集・運搬に多くのエネルギーが必要とされるため、大量に調達して、バイオマスの発生源より遠方にて用いるには不向きな燃料である。そこで、この問題を解消するために、固体バイオマスを変換して、液化またはガス化することが行われており、液化では、バイオマスを醗酵させてエタノールに変換する、あるいは熱化学的にDMEに変換する、またガス化では、水蒸気と反応させて合成ガスに変換する等の技術開発が行われている。   These biomasses described above are solid, bulky, and require a lot of energy for collection and transportation, and are therefore unsuitable for procuring in large quantities and using them far away from the source of biomass. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, solid biomass is converted and liquefied or gasified. In liquefaction, biomass is fermented and converted to ethanol, or thermochemically converted to DME. In addition, in gasification, technological developments such as reacting with water vapor and converting it into synthesis gas have been carried out.

しかしながら、植物系バイオマスは様々な成分を含み、その中には付加価値の高い精油成分も存在するが、植物系バイオマスを燃料として利用する場合には、こうした付加価値の高い精油成分を取り出すことはせず、一括して燃料に変換され消費されてしまっているのが現状である。   However, plant-based biomass contains various components, and some high-value-added essential oil components exist in it. However, when plant-based biomass is used as fuel, it is not possible to take out such high-value-added essential oil components. Instead, it is currently converted into fuel and consumed.

一方、植物系バイオマスからの微量成分の抽出は、香料や精油、染料等の抽出、利用として、従来行われてきた。植物系バイオマスから精油等を抽出する方法としては、水蒸気蒸留法、圧搾法、拭き取り法、油脂吸着法、温浸法(マセラション)、冷浸法(アンフルラージュ)、パーコレーション法、超臨界二酸化炭素抽出法、液化二酸化炭素抽出法などがある。   On the other hand, extraction of trace components from plant biomass has been conventionally performed as extraction and use of fragrances, essential oils, dyes and the like. Extraction methods of essential oils from plant biomass include steam distillation, pressing, wiping, fat adsorption, digestion (maseration), cold immersion (enfleage), percolation, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction And liquefied carbon dioxide extraction method.

しかし、水蒸気蒸留法、拭き取り法、油脂吸着法、温浸法(マセラション)、冷浸法(アンフルラージュ)、パーコレーション法は、一般に抽出に長時間を要し、そのために抽出された精油の劣化や手間暇を要し、大量処理し難い等という問題点がある。圧搾法は、抽出に時間はかからないが、精油含有量の低い樹木、葉、花などには適用できない問題点がある。超臨界二酸化炭素抽出法、液化二酸化炭素抽出法は、特殊な装置が必要であるため抽出コストが高くなる問題点がある。   However, the steam distillation method, wiping method, fat and oil adsorption method, digestion method (maseration), cold immersion method (enflurage), and percolation method generally require a long time for extraction, which causes deterioration and labor of the extracted essential oil. There is a problem that it takes time and is difficult to process in large quantities. Although the pressing method does not take time to extract, there is a problem that it cannot be applied to trees, leaves, flowers and the like having a low essential oil content. The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method and the liquefied carbon dioxide extraction method have a problem that the extraction cost is high because a special apparatus is required.

上記の問題点を一挙に解決しうる方法として、マイクロ波を加熱源に用いる抽出法がある(例えば、特許文献1〜6を参照)。   As a method that can solve the above problems all at once, there is an extraction method using a microwave as a heating source (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 6).

具体的には、エタノールやグリセリンなどの抽出溶媒と粉砕した植物の混合液を、ガラスチューブに入れてマイクロ波を照射した後、濾過することにより、経時安定性が良く着色の少ない植物抽出物を得る方法(特許文献1参照)、あるいは、凍結粉砕した動植物由来の材料を溶剤抽出する際に、熱エネルギーとしてマイクロ波を利用する方法(特許文献2参照)などが提案されている。しかし、特許文献1の方法は、植物バイオマスをガラスチューブに入れその外側からマイクロ波を照射するものであり少量の植物抽出物を得るには良い方法であるが、大量の植物系バイオマスを処理するために装置を大きくすることは困難であり、大量の植物抽出物を得るのに適した方法とは言い難い。また、特許文献2は、バイオマス原料を、凍結してから粉砕し、しかる後に加熱して溶剤抽出するものであり、工程が煩雑であり、また一連の処理に大きなエネルギーコストを必要とする。   Specifically, a mixed solution of an extraction solvent such as ethanol or glycerin and a pulverized plant is placed in a glass tube, irradiated with microwaves, and then filtered to obtain a plant extract that is stable over time and less colored. There have been proposed a method of obtaining (see Patent Document 1), a method of using microwaves as thermal energy (see Patent Document 2), etc., when solvent-extracting a frozen and ground material derived from animals and plants. However, although the method of patent document 1 puts plant biomass in a glass tube and irradiates a microwave from the outside and is a good method for obtaining a small amount of plant extract, it processes a large amount of plant biomass. Therefore, it is difficult to enlarge the apparatus, and it is difficult to say that the method is suitable for obtaining a large amount of plant extract. In Patent Document 2, a biomass raw material is frozen and then pulverized, and then heated to extract a solvent. The process is complicated, and a series of treatments require a large energy cost.

一方、抽出溶剤をリサイクル使用する抽出法として、ヘキサンなどのマイクロ波透過性の有機溶剤と水分含有率25%以上の植物とを混合し、該混合物にマイクロ波を照射した後、処理済みの混合物を分離し、さらに分離した溶液から抽出溶剤を分離する方法が提案されている(特許文献3参照)。しかし、この方法では、マイクロ波の照射装置に特段の工夫がなく、処理量を多くするために装置を単に相似的に大きくした場合に、マイクロ波の均一照射が困難になるため、大量の植物系バイオマスを処理するのに適した方法とは言い難い。   On the other hand, as an extraction method in which the extraction solvent is recycled, a microwave permeable organic solvent such as hexane and a plant having a moisture content of 25% or more are mixed, the mixture is irradiated with microwaves, and then the mixture is processed. And a method of separating the extraction solvent from the separated solution has been proposed (see Patent Document 3). However, in this method, there is no special device in the microwave irradiation apparatus, and when the apparatus is simply enlarged in order to increase the amount of processing, uniform irradiation of microwaves becomes difficult. It is difficult to say that this is a suitable method for treating biomass.

さらに、特許文献4〜6に開示されている、マイクロ波を用いて植物系バイオマスから精油を抽出する方法は、基本的には水溶媒を用いて、水蒸気蒸留する方式であるため、植物系バイオマスは水の沸点程度まで加熱される。そのため、長時間の抽出を行った場合には、精油が熱劣化する、植物系バイオマスが焦げるなどの問題点を有している。   Furthermore, since the method of extracting essential oil from plant-type biomass using the microwave currently disclosed by patent documents 4-6 is a system which carries out steam distillation using a water solvent, plant-type biomass is used. Is heated to the boiling point of water. Therefore, when extraction is performed for a long time, there are problems such that the essential oil is thermally deteriorated and the plant biomass is burnt.

特開2004−089786号公報JP 2004-089786 A 特表昭63−502090号公報JP-T 63-502090 特開平4−183796号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-183796 特開2007−231196号公報JP 2007-231196 A 特開2007−098383号公報JP 2007-098383 A 特開2007−313442号公報JP 2007-31442 A

本発明は、上記のような課題を解決するためになされたものであり、マイクロ波を用いて、植物系バイオマスから効率よく精油を抽出することができる、植物由来精油のマイクロ波抽出装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a microwave extraction apparatus for plant-derived essential oil that can efficiently extract essential oil from plant-based biomass using microwaves. The purpose is to do.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、下記の装置を提供する。   In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following apparatus.

(1)植物系バイオマスから抽出溶剤により精油を抽出するためのマイクロ波抽出装置であって、マイクロ波照射装置と、該装置から照射されるマイクロ波を伝達するためのマイクロ波透過性耐熱材料で形成された棒状または管状の構造体を備えた精油抽出槽と、該精油抽出槽から排出された精油を含む抽出溶剤を貯留する抽出物貯留槽と、を有し、精油抽出槽は抽出物貯留槽内に配置されており、該精油抽出槽から排出された精油を含む抽出溶剤は、該精油抽出槽の側管を通して抽出物貯留槽に排出され、該抽出物貯留槽にはマイクロ波が照射されないように構成されているマイクロ波抽出装置。
)精油を含む抽出溶剤から精油と抽出溶剤を分離するための蒸発装置と、蒸発した抽出溶剤を凝縮するための凝縮装置と、凝縮した抽出溶剤を貯蔵する抽出溶剤槽と、抽出溶剤槽から精油抽出槽へ抽出溶剤を供給するための抽出溶剤供給手段をさらに有する(1)に記載のマイクロ波抽出装置。
)抽出溶剤がプロトン性極性溶剤である(1)または(2)に記載のマイクロ波抽出装置。
(1) A microwave extraction device for extracting essential oil from plant biomass with an extraction solvent, comprising a microwave irradiation device and a microwave permeable heat-resistant material for transmitting microwaves emitted from the device and essential oils extracted vessel equipped the formed rod-like or tubular structure, possess the extract reservoir tank for storing the extraction solvent containing the essential oil discharged from the purified oil extract tank, the essential oil extraction vessel extract reservoir The extraction solvent that is disposed in the tank and contains the essential oil discharged from the essential oil extraction tank is discharged to the extract storage tank through the side pipe of the essential oil extraction tank, and the extract storage tank is irradiated with microwaves. Microwave extraction device configured not to be .
( 2 ) An evaporation device for separating the essential oil and the extraction solvent from the extraction solvent containing the essential oil, a condensing device for condensing the evaporated extraction solvent, an extraction solvent tank for storing the condensed extraction solvent, and an extraction solvent tank The microwave extraction device according to (1), further comprising extraction solvent supply means for supplying the extraction solvent from the oil to the essential oil extraction tank.
( 3 ) The microwave extraction apparatus according to (1) or (2) , wherein the extraction solvent is a protic polar solvent.

本発明のマイクロ波抽出装置は、マイクロ波照射装置から発振されたマイクロ波が効率よく植物系バイオマスに伝達、照射されるため、植物系バイオマスから低温で一度に大量の植物由来精油を抽出することが可能になると共に、抽出した精油を含む溶剤は、マイクロ波が当たらない抽出物貯留槽に排出されるため、抽出した精油が熱劣化するおそれが無い。   The microwave extraction device of the present invention extracts a large amount of plant-derived essential oil at a low temperature from plant biomass at a time because the microwave oscillated from the microwave irradiation device is efficiently transmitted and irradiated to the plant biomass. In addition, since the solvent containing the extracted essential oil is discharged to an extract storage tank that is not exposed to microwaves, there is no possibility that the extracted essential oil is thermally deteriorated.

本発明に係るマイクロ波抽出装置の概略を示す構成図(正面図)である。It is a lineblock diagram (front view) showing the outline of the microwave extraction device concerning the present invention. 精油抽出槽の上面図である。It is a top view of an essential oil extraction tank. 本発明に係るマイクロ波抽出装置の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example of the microwave extraction apparatus which concerns on this invention.

以下、本発明に係るマイクロ波抽出装置の好ましい実施形態を、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a microwave extraction apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図1は、本発明に係るマイクロ波抽出装置の好ましい一例を示す概略構成図である。図1において、マイクロ波抽出装置(10)は、マイクロ波照射装置(1)と、該装置から照射されるマイクロ波を伝達するためのマイクロ波透過性耐熱材料で形成された棒状または管状の構造体(3)を備えた精油抽出槽(2)と、該精油抽出槽から排出された精油を含む抽出溶剤を貯留する抽出物貯留槽(4)と、を有するものである。   FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a preferred example of a microwave extraction apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, a microwave extraction device (10) is a rod-like or tubular structure formed of a microwave irradiation device (1) and a microwave-permeable heat-resistant material for transmitting microwaves emitted from the device. An essential oil extraction tank (2) provided with a body (3) and an extract storage tank (4) for storing an extraction solvent containing the essential oil discharged from the essential oil extraction tank.

前記精油抽出槽(2)は、植物系バイオマス(A)および抽出溶剤(S)を収容すると共に、これらにマイクロ波を照射して植物系バイオマスおよび抽出溶剤を加熱し、加熱された抽出溶剤により、短時間で植物系バイオマスから植物由来精油を抽出する槽である。精油抽出槽(2)は、単数または複数の前記構造体(3)を備えている。そのため、前記マイクロ波照射装置(1)から発振されたマイクロ波は、該構造体の上部に照射された後、該構造体の内部を伝達(伝播)し、その後、構造体周辺の植物系バイオマスに照射される。   The essential oil extraction tank (2) contains the plant biomass (A) and the extraction solvent (S) and irradiates them with microwaves to heat the plant biomass and the extraction solvent. It is a tank that extracts plant-derived essential oil from plant biomass in a short time. The essential oil extraction tank (2) includes one or a plurality of the structures (3). Therefore, after the microwave oscillated from the microwave irradiation device (1) is irradiated on the upper part of the structure, it is transmitted (propagated) inside the structure, and then the plant biomass around the structure Is irradiated.

図1において、ステンレス製の精油抽出槽(2)には、植物系バイオマスの細片(A)が充填されている。精油抽出槽(2)には、マイクロ波を透過する耐熱性材料で形成された棒状の構造体(3)が、その一部が植物系バイオマス(A)の充填層から突出するように分散して配置されている。この構造体の存在により、マイクロ波照射装置から発振されたマイクロ波が植物系バイオマスの隅々まで伝達される効果がある。   In FIG. 1, a stainless steel essential oil extraction tank (2) is filled with strips of plant biomass (A). In the essential oil extraction tank (2), a rod-like structure (3) formed of a heat-resistant material that transmits microwaves is dispersed so that a part thereof protrudes from the packed bed of plant biomass (A). Are arranged. The presence of this structure has an effect of transmitting the microwave oscillated from the microwave irradiation device to every corner of the plant biomass.

構造体(3)の形状は、特に限定されるものではなく、棒状または管状が好ましいが、ファイバー状或いはこれらの組合せであって良い。また、構造体の内部は中空でも良い。構造体(3)の大きさや配置の形態、配置数も任意であるが、マイクロ波を万遍なく植物系バイオマスに届かせるようにするためには、図2に示すように、複数の構造体を配置し、各構造体のマイクロ波到達円が六方細密充填になるように配置することが好ましい。   The shape of the structure (3) is not particularly limited and is preferably a rod or tube, but may be a fiber or a combination thereof. The inside of the structure may be hollow. The size of the structure (3), the form of arrangement, and the number of arrangements are arbitrary, but in order to allow the microwave to reach the plant biomass uniformly, as shown in FIG. It is preferable that the microwave reaching circles of each structure are arranged in a hexagonal close packing.

上記の構造体(3)の材質は、特に限定されるものではなく、マイクロ波を透過する材質であれば、セラミック;テフロン(登録商標)、ポリフェニレンサルファイド(PPS)、ポリフェニレンサルフォン(PPSU)、ポリアリレート(PAR)、ポリサルフォン(PSF)、ポリエーテルサルフォン(PES)、ポリエーテルイミド(PEI)、ポリアミドイミド(PAI)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、液晶ポリエステル(LCP)、液晶ポリマー(LCP)、ポリアセタール(POM)、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、変性ポリフェニレンエーテル等の耐熱性樹脂;ガラス等の双極子を持たない材料或いは双極子モーメントが小さい材料;等を用いることができる。   The material of the structure (3) is not particularly limited, and may be ceramic; Teflon (registered trademark), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), as long as the material transmits microwaves. Polyarylate (PAR), Polysulfone (PSF), Polyethersulfone (PES), Polyetherimide (PEI), Polyamideimide (PAI), Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Liquid crystalline polyester (LCP), Liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) ), Polyacetal (POM), polyamide (PA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polycarbonate (PC), modified polyphenylene ether, or other heat-resistant resin; glass or other material having no dipole or a small dipole moment; Etc. Can.

精油抽出槽(2)の下部には、セラミック製またはガラス製またはテフロン(登録商標)製の多孔板(5)などを設置しておくと、植物系バイオマスと精油を含む抽出溶剤とが分離されやすくなる。   If a perforated plate (5) made of ceramic, glass or Teflon (registered trademark) is installed at the bottom of the essential oil extraction tank (2), the plant biomass and the extraction solvent containing the essential oil are separated. It becomes easy.

本発明のマイクロ波抽出装置を用いて植物由来精油の抽出を行う場合は、先ず、精油抽出槽(2)に植物系バイオマスの細片(A)を充填する。該細片は、植物系バイオマスをそのまま、もしくは乾燥後のものを、ミキサーなどを用いて、適当な大きさに切断または粉砕したものであれば良い。一度、抽出に用いられた植物系バイオマスの廃物を用いることもできる。植物系バイオマスの細片を用いることで、抽出溶剤との接触面積が大きくなり、精油の抽出効率が高められることで短時間に抽出を終了することができる。好ましい植物系バイオマスは、植物の実、葉、茎、幹、根、花等である。   When extracting plant-derived essential oil using the microwave extraction device of the present invention, first, the essential oil extraction tank (2) is filled with strips (A) of plant-based biomass. The strip may be obtained by cutting or pulverizing plant-based biomass as it is or after drying into a suitable size using a mixer or the like. It is also possible to use plant biomass waste once used for extraction. By using the strips of plant biomass, the contact area with the extraction solvent is increased, and the extraction efficiency of the essential oil is increased, so that the extraction can be completed in a short time. Preferred plant biomass is plant nuts, leaves, stems, trunks, roots, flowers and the like.

次いで、植物系バイオマスの細片が充填された精油抽出槽(2)に、抽出溶剤を供給する。抽出溶剤の供給は、例えば、精油抽出槽(2)の上部に設けた開口(8)を通して、供給管(9)を介して行うことができる。抽出溶剤の供給量は、植物系バイオマスの細片が浸る程度の量とする。   Next, the extraction solvent is supplied to the essential oil extraction tank (2) filled with plant biomass strips. The supply of the extraction solvent can be performed, for example, through the supply pipe (9) through the opening (8) provided in the upper part of the essential oil extraction tank (2). The supply amount of the extraction solvent is such an amount that the strip of plant biomass is immersed.

次いで、マイクロ波照射装置(1)より、植物系バイオマスの細片および抽出溶剤にマイクロ波を照射することによって、これらが加熱されることで、植物系バイオマスから精油が抽出される。   Next, the microwave irradiation apparatus (1) irradiates the strips of the plant biomass and the extraction solvent with microwaves, and these are heated to extract the essential oil from the plant biomass.

精油抽出槽(2)に導入された抽出溶剤および植物系バイオマスの細片は、マイクロ波照射装置から照射されるマイクロ波によって加熱されるため、加熱された溶剤分子は、加熱された植物系バイオマスの細片(A)の間を通過しながら、流下する間に精油を抽出する。充填された植物系バイオマスは、平衡水分量に近い水分を保有しているので、保有水分がマイクロ波によって活性化され、水と抽出溶剤とが混ざりやすくなりかつ、活性化された水がバイオマス繊維や組織を内側から膨潤させるため、植物系バイオマスに含まれる精油が、通常の溶剤抽出よりも抽出されやすくなる。   Since the extraction solvent introduced into the essential oil extraction tank (2) and the strips of plant biomass are heated by the microwave irradiated from the microwave irradiation device, the heated solvent molecules are heated by the plant biomass. The essential oil is extracted while flowing down while passing between the strips (A). The filled plant biomass has moisture close to the equilibrium moisture content, so that the retained moisture is activated by the microwave, and the water and the extraction solvent are easily mixed, and the activated water is the biomass fiber. Since the tissue is swollen from the inside, the essential oil contained in the plant biomass is more easily extracted than the normal solvent extraction.

精油抽出の際は、精油抽出槽(2)の温度(すなわち、抽出溶剤の温度)は、抽出溶剤の沸点未満に保持するのが良い。抽出溶剤の温度を低く保持することにより、精油成分の分解を防止することができる。また、抽出溶剤の蒸気圧を低く保持することによって、供給管(9)から供給される抽出溶剤が逆流するのを防止することができる。   During the essential oil extraction, the temperature of the essential oil extraction tank (2) (that is, the temperature of the extraction solvent) is preferably kept below the boiling point of the extraction solvent. By keeping the temperature of the extraction solvent low, decomposition of essential oil components can be prevented. Further, by keeping the vapor pressure of the extraction solvent low, it is possible to prevent the extraction solvent supplied from the supply pipe (9) from flowing backward.

マイクロ波を照射しながら、抽出溶剤を連続的に供給して行く。抽出溶剤の供給量が、精油抽出槽(2)の側管(6)の高さを超えると、精油を含む抽出溶剤は、精油抽出槽から溢れ出て抽出物貯留槽(4)に溜められる。この抽出物貯留槽(4)には、マイクロ波は照射されないため、抽出溶剤に含まれる精油が熱劣化するおそれが無い。   The extraction solvent is continuously supplied while irradiating microwaves. When the supply amount of the extraction solvent exceeds the height of the side pipe (6) of the essential oil extraction tank (2), the extraction solvent containing the essential oil overflows from the essential oil extraction tank and is stored in the extract storage tank (4). . Since the extract storage tank (4) is not irradiated with microwaves, there is no possibility that the essential oil contained in the extraction solvent is thermally deteriorated.

抽出溶剤は、マイクロ波照射による植物系バイオマスの焦げおよび精油の分解防止、ならびに、精油の溶剤への移行を円滑にするため、水より沸点の低い極性プロトン性有機溶剤を用いることが好ましい。この極性プロトン性有機溶剤は、誘電率が高いほどマイクロ波吸収性が高い。   As the extraction solvent, it is preferable to use a polar protic organic solvent having a boiling point lower than that of water in order to prevent burning of plant biomass and decomposition of essential oil by microwave irradiation and to facilitate the transition of the essential oil to the solvent. The polar protic organic solvent has higher microwave absorbability as the dielectric constant is higher.

好ましい有機溶剤としては、沸点および誘電率の点から、1−プロパノール(沸点97℃、誘電率20)、2−プロパノール(沸点82℃、誘電率18)、アセトニトリル(沸点82℃、誘電率37)エタノール(沸点79℃、誘電率24)、メタノール(沸点65℃、誘電率33)、アセトン(沸点56℃、誘電率21)などがあげられる。なかでも、安全面から言えば、1−プロパノール、2−プロパノール、エタノール、メタノール、アセトンがより好ましい。これらの有機溶剤は、水(誘電率78.5)に比べると誘電率は低いが、ヘキサンなどの非極性溶剤とは異なり水との相溶性があるため、精油の抽出速度は大きい。   Preferred organic solvents are 1-propanol (boiling point 97 ° C., dielectric constant 20), 2-propanol (boiling point 82 ° C., dielectric constant 18), acetonitrile (boiling point 82 ° C., dielectric constant 37) in terms of boiling point and dielectric constant. Examples include ethanol (boiling point 79 ° C., dielectric constant 24), methanol (boiling point 65 ° C., dielectric constant 33), acetone (boiling point 56 ° C., dielectric constant 21), and the like. Of these, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethanol, methanol, and acetone are more preferable from the viewpoint of safety. These organic solvents have a dielectric constant lower than that of water (dielectric constant 78.5), but, unlike non-polar solvents such as hexane, are compatible with water, so that the extraction speed of essential oils is high.

次いで、抽出物貯留槽(4)の精油を含む抽出溶剤を、開口(7)を通して、抽出物貯留槽(4)の外に取り出し、通常の方法にて、精油と抽出溶剤を分離した後、分離した抽出溶剤を必要に応じて精製した後、再度精油抽出槽(2)に供給すれば良い。これにより、抽出溶剤のリサイクル使用、および、植物系バイオマスからの連続抽出が可能になる。   Next, the extraction solvent containing the essential oil in the extract storage tank (4) is taken out of the extract storage tank (4) through the opening (7), and the essential oil and the extraction solvent are separated by a normal method, What is necessary is just to refine | purify the isolate | separated extraction solvent as needed, and just to supply an essential oil extraction tank (2) again. Thereby, the recycle use of an extraction solvent and the continuous extraction from plant biomass are attained.

本発明のマイクロ波抽出装置を用いた抽出法では、マイクロ波発生装置から照射するマイクロ波の出力、周波数および照射方法は、特に限定されないが、マイクロ波を連続的または間欠的に照射しながら、溶剤抽出温度が所定の範囲に保持できるよう、電気的に制御可能な方法が好ましく採用される。   In the extraction method using the microwave extraction device of the present invention, the output, frequency and irradiation method of the microwave irradiated from the microwave generator are not particularly limited, while continuously or intermittently irradiating the microwave, An electrically controllable method is preferably employed so that the solvent extraction temperature can be maintained within a predetermined range.

マイクロ波の出力は、電気的に制御しながら10W〜20kWの範囲とすることが望ましい。マイクロ波の周波数は0.5〜10GHzが望ましい。0.5GHz未満の周波数では溶媒分子が電界の向きに追従可能で加熱効率が悪くなるため加熱不十分となり、10GHzを超える周波数では、出力が高すぎて植物系バイオマスの焦げ、溶媒の突沸や急激な蒸発が起こることがあり好ましくない。   The output of the microwave is desirably in the range of 10 W to 20 kW while being electrically controlled. The microwave frequency is preferably 0.5 to 10 GHz. At frequencies below 0.5 GHz, the solvent molecules can follow the direction of the electric field and the heating efficiency is poor, resulting in insufficient heating. At frequencies above 10 GHz, the output is too high, scorching of plant biomass, sudden boiling of the solvent, Evaporation may occur, which is not preferable.

マイクロ波発振器としては、マグネトロン等のマイクロ波発振器や、固体素子を用いたマイクロ波発振器等を適宜用いることができる。   As the microwave oscillator, a microwave oscillator such as a magnetron, a microwave oscillator using a solid element, or the like can be used as appropriate.

本発明のマイクロ波抽出装置を用いた抽出法では、植物系バイオマスに元々含まれる水分の存在によって、マイクロ波エネルギーが優先的に植物系バイオマスの加熱に用いられる。そのため、通常の溶剤抽出法に比べて精油の抽出効率が高い。また、プロトン性極性溶剤を用いることで、従来の水蒸気蒸留法に比べて、抽出エネルギーを7割以下にすることができる。   In the extraction method using the microwave extraction apparatus of the present invention, microwave energy is preferentially used for heating the plant biomass due to the presence of moisture originally contained in the plant biomass. Therefore, the extraction efficiency of the essential oil is higher than that of a normal solvent extraction method. Moreover, extraction energy can be made 70% or less by using a protic polar solvent compared with the conventional steam distillation method.

本発明に係るマイクロ波抽出装置は、新しい抽出溶剤を供給しながら精油を抽出する、連続式精油抽出を可能にする装置である、また、最初に必要量の抽出溶剤を入れて抽出した後、精油を含む抽出溶剤を回収する、バッチ式精油抽出を可能にする装置でもある。精油抽出装置内に充填可能な量の植物系バイオマスを入れれば、一度に大量の植物系バイオマスを処理することが可能となり、抽出の効率化が望める。特に、葉などの水分が多く柔らかい植物系バイオマスに適した装置である。   The microwave extraction apparatus according to the present invention is an apparatus that enables continuous essential oil extraction, extracting essential oil while supplying a new extraction solvent, and after first extracting by adding a necessary amount of extraction solvent, It is also an apparatus that enables batch-type essential oil extraction to recover the extraction solvent containing the essential oil. If an amount of plant-based biomass that can be filled in the essential oil extraction device is put in, a large amount of plant-based biomass can be processed at one time, and the efficiency of extraction can be expected. In particular, the apparatus is suitable for plant-based biomass with a lot of moisture such as leaves.

図3は、本発明に係るマイクロ波抽出装置を用いて得られた精油を含む抽出溶剤のリサイクル使用を可能にする抽出装置の一例を示す図である。   FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an extraction device that enables recycling of the extraction solvent containing the essential oil obtained by using the microwave extraction device according to the present invention.

図3に示す抽出装置は、前記のマイクロ波抽出装置(10)と、精油を含む抽出溶剤から精油と抽出溶剤を分離するための蒸発装置(20)と、蒸発した抽出溶剤を凝縮するための凝縮装置(30)と、凝縮した抽出溶剤を貯蔵する抽出溶剤槽(40)と、抽出溶剤槽から精油抽出槽へ抽出溶剤を供給するための供給手段(12)と、を有するものである。   The extraction apparatus shown in FIG. 3 includes the microwave extraction apparatus (10), an evaporation apparatus (20) for separating the essential oil and the extraction solvent from the extraction solvent containing the essential oil, and a condenser for condensing the evaporated extraction solvent. It has a condensing device (30), an extraction solvent tank (40) for storing the condensed extraction solvent, and a supply means (12) for supplying the extraction solvent from the extraction solvent tank to the essential oil extraction tank.

精油を含む抽出溶剤を、抽出物貯留槽(4)の下部に設けられた開口(7)を通して、循環ポンプ(11)を介し、精油と抽出溶剤とを分離するための蒸発装置(20)に導入する。そして、該蒸発装置(20)により精油と抽出溶剤を分離する。次いで、蒸発した抽出溶剤は、凝縮装置(30)で凝縮される。凝縮された抽出溶剤は、抽出溶剤槽(40)に貯蔵される。そして、ポンプなどの汎用の溶剤供給手段(12)を介して、精油抽出槽(2)の上部開口(8)を通し、供給管(9)から、精油抽出槽(2)へ抽出溶剤を供給する。これにより、精油と抽出溶剤との分離、および抽出溶剤のリサイクル使用が可能になる。   The extraction solvent containing the essential oil passes through the opening (7) provided in the lower part of the extract storage tank (4), and is passed through the circulation pump (11) to the evaporation device (20) for separating the essential oil and the extraction solvent. Introduce. And an essential oil and an extraction solvent are isolate | separated by this evaporator (20). Then, the evaporated extraction solvent is condensed in the condensing device (30). The condensed extraction solvent is stored in the extraction solvent tank (40). The extraction solvent is supplied from the supply pipe (9) to the essential oil extraction tank (2) through the upper opening (8) of the essential oil extraction tank (2) through a general-purpose solvent supply means (12) such as a pump. To do. This makes it possible to separate the essential oil from the extraction solvent and to recycle the extraction solvent.

以上、本発明の実施例を説明したが、本発明は上記実施例に限定されることなく、特許請求の範囲に記載した発明の範囲内で、種々の変形が可能であり、それらの本発明の範囲内に含まれるものであることは言うまでもない。   Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention described in the claims. It goes without saying that it is included in the range of.

本発明のマイクロ波抽出装置によれば、植物系バイオマスから様々な植物由来精油を抽出でき、抽出した精油を製薬、化粧品、食品、芳香剤、染色剤などの様々な産業分野で利用することが可能となる。本発明のマイクロ波抽出装置によれば、マイクロ波の均一照射が可能となるので、装置の大きさを適宜設計することにより、小規模の抽出試験はもとより、大量の植物系バイオマスからの精油抽出まで実施することができ、抽出処理後の植物系バイオマスは燃料として利用される。   According to the microwave extraction apparatus of the present invention, various plant-derived essential oils can be extracted from plant-based biomass, and the extracted essential oils can be used in various industrial fields such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, fragrances, and dyes. It becomes possible. According to the microwave extraction apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to uniformly irradiate microwaves. Therefore, by appropriately designing the size of the apparatus, essential oil extraction from a large amount of plant-based biomass as well as small-scale extraction tests is possible. The plant biomass after the extraction treatment is used as fuel.

A 植物系バイオマス
S 抽出溶剤
1 マイクロ波照射装置
2 精油抽出槽
3 構造体
4 抽出物貯留槽
5 多孔板
6 側管
7,8 開口
9 供給管
10 マイクロ波抽出装置
12 抽出溶剤供給手段
20 蒸発装置
30 凝縮装置
40 抽出溶剤槽
A plant-based biomass S extraction solvent 1 microwave irradiation device 2 essential oil extraction tank 3 structure 4 extract storage tank 5 perforated plate 6 side pipes 7, 8 opening 9 supply pipe 10 microwave extraction apparatus 12 extraction solvent supply means 20 evaporation apparatus 30 Condenser 40 Extraction solvent tank

Claims (3)

植物系バイオマスから抽出溶剤により精油を抽出するためのマイクロ波抽出装置であって、マイクロ波照射装置と、該装置から照射されるマイクロ波を伝達するためのマイクロ波透過性耐熱材料で形成された棒状または管状の構造体を備えた精油抽出槽と、該精油抽出槽から排出された精油を含む抽出溶剤を貯留する抽出物貯留槽と、を有し、精油抽出槽は抽出物貯留槽内に配置されており、該精油抽出槽から排出された精油を含む抽出溶剤は、該精油抽出槽の側管を通して抽出物貯留槽に排出され、該抽出物貯留槽にはマイクロ波が照射されないように構成されているマイクロ波抽出装置。 A microwave extraction device for extracting essential oil from plant-based biomass with an extraction solvent, which is formed of a microwave irradiation device and a microwave-permeable heat-resistant material for transmitting microwaves irradiated from the device and essential oils extracted vessel having a structure of rod-like or tubular, possess the extract reservoir tank for storing the extraction solvent containing the essential oil discharged from the purified oil extract tank, and the essential oil extraction vessel extracts storage tank The extraction solvent containing the essential oil discharged from the essential oil extraction tank is discharged to the extract storage tank through the side pipe of the essential oil extraction tank so that the microwave is not irradiated to the extract storage tank. Configured microwave extraction device. 精油を含む抽出溶剤から精油と抽出溶剤を分離するための蒸発装置と、蒸発した抽出溶剤を凝縮するための凝縮装置と、凝縮した抽出溶剤を貯蔵する抽出溶剤槽と、抽出溶剤槽から精油抽出槽へ抽出溶剤を供給するための抽出溶剤供給手段をさらに有する請求項1に記載のマイクロ波抽出装置。 Evaporation device for separating essential oil and extraction solvent from extraction solvent containing essential oil, condensing device for condensing evaporated extraction solvent, extraction solvent tank for storing condensed extraction solvent, and extraction of essential oil from extraction solvent tank The microwave extraction apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an extraction solvent supply means for supplying the extraction solvent to the tank. 抽出溶剤がプロトン性極性溶剤である請求項1または2に記載のマイクロ波抽出装置。
The microwave extraction apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the extraction solvent is a protic polar solvent.
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