CN116983905A - Self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device and method - Google Patents
Self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116983905A CN116983905A CN202311252917.6A CN202311252917A CN116983905A CN 116983905 A CN116983905 A CN 116983905A CN 202311252917 A CN202311252917 A CN 202311252917A CN 116983905 A CN116983905 A CN 116983905A
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001744 Polyaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention provides a self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device, which relates to the technical field of environmental protection energy, and comprises a hydrothermal reaction device, a pressure control system and a gas source medium control system, wherein the hydrothermal reaction device comprises a reaction kettle and a heating device for heating the reaction kettle; the air source medium control system can charge air into the reaction kettle before the test; the pressure control system is communicated with the reaction kettle, and can be used for releasing pressure to the reaction kettle to the pressure required by the test when the pressure in the reaction kettle exceeds the pressure required by the test. The scheme provided by the invention can ensure a certain solid-to-liquid ratio in the reaction system, change the reaction balance, influence the selectivity of the product and regulate and control the reaction environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environment-friendly energy, in particular to a self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device and method.
Background
Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass is a process that converts biomass into carbonaceous products. Compared with the traditional biomass carbonization technology, the hydrothermal carbonization technology can effectively treat biomass with high water content, and reduces energy consumption. The hydrothermal carbonization technology refers to that under subcritical water environment, biomass is subjected to hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, polycondensation, aromatization and other processes to form a product with high carbon content, and the product has higher heat value and stable combustion characteristics.
Temperature and pressure are important parameters in the hydrothermal reaction process, and have significant influence on the reaction process and the products. The increase in temperature increases the reaction rate of the reactants and promotes the diffusion rate of the solvent; increasing the pressure increases the solubility of the gas and the density of the solution, and changing the pressure also changes the equilibrium constant of the reaction and the selectivity of the product.
Temperature and pressure regulation are interrelated during the hydrothermal reaction, and patent document CN109721476a discloses "a method of changing the selectivity of an oxidation product by the reaction pressure", and the ratio of monoaldehydes and polyaldehydes in the oxidation product is adjusted by increasing the reaction pressure. Patent document CN109351297a discloses "a hydrothermal reaction system and its operation method" in which the temperature and pressure in the hydrothermal reaction apparatus are decoupled by supplying and maintaining the pressure required for the test through a pressure regulating apparatus. Patent document CN105861003a discloses a "biomass pre-pressurizing hydrothermal carbonization method" in which a reaction kettle is pre-pressurized by using a specific gas, so that the heating time is shortened, the element doping and the protective atmosphere are realized, but the pressure stabilization and the pressure control cannot be realized in the hydrothermal reaction process.
The existing pressure regulating device can not ensure the ratio of the reaction materials to the solvent in the hydrothermal reaction system, and the solid-liquid ratio is an important reaction parameter in the hydrothermal reaction process, which can influence the reaction rate and the selectivity of the product. Based on this, a new scheme is urgently needed to ensure stable progress of the reaction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device and a self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization method, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, ensure a certain solid-liquid ratio in a reaction system, change reaction balance, influence the selectivity of products and regulate and control the reaction environment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device, which comprises a hydrothermal reaction device, a pressure control system and a gas source medium control system, wherein the hydrothermal reaction device comprises a reaction kettle and a heating device for heating the reaction kettle;
the gas source medium control system can charge gas into the reaction kettle before the test;
the pressure control system is communicated with the reaction kettle, and can be used for releasing pressure to the reaction kettle to the pressure required by the test when the pressure in the reaction kettle exceeds the pressure required by the test.
Preferably, the pressure control system comprises a high-pressure tank and an overflow valve, wherein the high-pressure tank is communicated with the reaction kettle, and the overflow valve is communicated with the high-pressure tank; before the test, pre-storing water in the high-pressure tank, and when the pressure in the reaction kettle exceeds the pressure required by the test, discharging the water in the high-pressure tank through the overflow valve to release the pressure of the reaction kettle.
Preferably, the pressure control system further comprises a water storage tank, a water suction pump, a buffer tank, a back pressure valve and a one-way valve, wherein the water storage tank, the water suction pump, the high-pressure tank, the buffer tank and the reaction kettle are sequentially communicated, the high-pressure tank, the back pressure valve, the one-way valve and the water storage tank are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop, the water suction pump is used for pumping water in the water storage tank into the high-pressure tank, the buffer tank is communicated with the air source medium control system, and the water suction pump is always in a working state during a test.
Preferably, a cooling buffer coil is arranged on a pipeline between the buffer tank and the reaction kettle in series.
Preferably, the gas source medium control system can charge different kinds of gases into the reaction kettle before the test, and at least can charge one or more of nitrogen, ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Preferably, the reaction kettle is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, on-off valves are arranged on the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is communicated with the pressure control system and the air source medium control system.
Preferably, a recycling bin is arranged below the water outlet of the overflow valve, and the lower part of the buffer tank is connected with a drainage channel through a clamping sleeve ball valve.
The invention also provides a self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, adding materials and liquid into the reaction kettle according to the solid-liquid ratio designed by the test before the test;
step two, filling gas with specific pressure into the reaction kettle by utilizing a gas source medium control system according to the pressure required by the test, and enabling the pressure in the reaction kettle to reach a set value;
step three, heating reaction is carried out by using a heating device, and in the reaction process, the pressure in the reaction kettle is controlled to be always the pressure required by the test by the pressure control system;
and step four, when the reaction time is up, closing an air inlet valve and a heating device of the reaction kettle, cooling the temperature of the reaction kettle to room temperature, opening an air outlet valve to discharge the pressure in the reaction kettle, opening the reaction kettle, and collecting a reaction product.
Preferably, the pressure control system comprises a high-pressure tank, an overflow valve, a water storage tank, a water pump, a buffer tank, a back pressure valve and a one-way valve;
before the second step, the air source medium control system fills air into the buffer tank so that the pressure in the high-pressure tank and the pressure in the buffer tank are both the pressures required by the test;
the back pressure valve pressure is regulated to the maximum, the overflow valve pressure is regulated to the test pressure, the water suction pump is started, the liquid level height in the high pressure tank is judged through the pressure transmitter, when the liquid position reaches the set height, the water suction flow is regulated down, the air source medium control system is started, the pressure reducing valve is regulated to reduce the air pressure to the required pressure, air is introduced into the buffer tank and the reaction kettle, the pressure gauge of the reaction kettle is observed, and when the pressure in the reaction kettle reaches the test pressure, the air inlet valve of the air source medium control system is closed;
in the third step, along with the rise of the temperature, the pressure in the reaction kettle is larger than the pressure set by the overflow valve, namely the test pressure, at the moment, the liquid flows out from the water outlet of the overflow valve, the back pressure valve is rotated to release pressure until the liquid does not flow out from the water outlet any more, and the back pressure valve is stopped rotating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device provided by the invention, the gas medium is introduced into the reaction kettle in advance to enable the reaction kettle to reach the test pressure, the gas is positioned above the reaction materials, and when the pressure becomes large after heating, the aim of pressure release is achieved through gas release, so that liquid is prevented from being released, and the solid-liquid ratio in the reaction kettle is not influenced in the pressure control process.
2. The effect of the gas in the hydrothermal reaction is various, besides providing pressure, the reaction balance can be changed, the selectivity of the product is influenced, the reaction environment is regulated and controlled, and the like. In addition, the influence on the reaction process under different reaction atmospheres can be compared.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1-a pressure control system; 11-an overflow valve; 12-a buffer tank; 13-a high pressure tank; 14-a pressure transmitter; 15-a one-way valve; 16-back pressure valve; 17-a water suction pump; 18-a water storage tank; 2-an air source medium control system; 21-an air inlet valve of an air source medium control system; 3-a hydrothermal reaction unit; 31-an air inlet valve of the reaction kettle; 32-exhaust valve; 33-a reaction kettle; 34-heating means; 4-three-way valve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device and a self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization method, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, ensure a certain solid-liquid ratio in a reaction system, change reaction balance, influence the selectivity of products and regulate and control the reaction environment.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device, which is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a hydrothermal reaction device 3, a pressure control system 1 and a gas medium control system 2, wherein the hydrothermal reaction device 3 comprises a reaction kettle 33 and a heating device 34 for heating the reaction kettle 33;
the gas source medium control system 2 can charge gas into the reaction kettle 33 before the test;
the pressure control system 1 is communicated with the reaction kettle 33, and can be used for releasing pressure of the reaction kettle 33 to the pressure required by the test when the pressure in the reaction kettle 33 exceeds the pressure required by the test.
The method for carrying out self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization by using the device provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, adding materials and liquid into a reaction kettle 33 according to the solid-liquid ratio designed by the test before the test; the solid-liquid ratio is 1:10-1: 20, a step of;
step two, filling gas with specific pressure into the reaction kettle 33 by utilizing the gas source medium control system 2 according to the pressure required by the test, and enabling the pressure in the reaction kettle 33 to reach a set value;
step three, heating reaction is carried out by utilizing a heating device 34, and in the reaction process, the pressure in the reaction kettle 33 is controlled by the pressure control system 1 to be the pressure required by the test all the time;
and step four, when the reaction time is up, closing the air inlet valve 31 and the heating device 34 of the reaction kettle, cooling the reaction kettle 33 to room temperature, opening the air outlet valve 32 to discharge the pressure in the reaction kettle 33, opening the reaction kettle 33, and collecting the reaction product.
Wherein, the pressure control system 1 is communicated with the upper part of the reaction kettle 33 to decompress and pressurize the gas in the reaction kettle 33, thereby avoiding the leakage of the reaction materials and ensuring the solid-liquid ratio in the reaction kettle 33.
In this embodiment, the gas source medium control system 2 is used to supply gas, and besides providing pressure and pressure relief in the hydrothermal reaction, the reaction balance can be changed by changing the type of the gas medium, so as to influence the selectivity of the product or regulate the reaction environment. In addition, the influence on the reaction process under different reaction atmospheres can be compared.
Thus, the gas source medium control system 2 is capable of charging different kinds of gases, at least one or more of nitrogen, ammonia and carbon dioxide, into the reaction vessel 33 prior to the test.
The pressure control system 1 is a pressure control system, the types of the pressure control system are various, the embodiment provides a specific implementation manner, in the specific embodiment, the pressure control system 1 comprises a high-pressure tank 13 and an overflow valve 11, the high-pressure tank 13 is communicated with a reaction kettle 33, and the overflow valve 11 is communicated with the high-pressure tank 13; before the test, water is pre-stored in the high-pressure tank 13, when the pressure in the reaction kettle 33 exceeds the pressure required by the test, the water in the high-pressure tank 13 flows out through the overflow valve 11 to release the pressure of the reaction kettle 33, and before the heating, the overflow pressure of the overflow valve 11 is adjusted to release the pressure of the reaction kettle 33 in a way of overflowing the liquid in the high-pressure tank 13 after the pressure in the reaction kettle 33 exceeds the set test pressure.
In order to further improve the pressure control effect of the pressure control system 1, in some embodiments, the pressure control system 1 further includes a water storage tank 18, a water pump 17, a buffer tank 12, a back pressure valve 16 and a one-way valve 15, where the water storage tank 18, the water pump 17, the high pressure tank 13, the buffer tank 12 and the reaction kettle 33 are sequentially communicated, the high pressure tank 13, the back pressure valve 16, the one-way valve 15 and the water storage tank 18 are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop, the water pump 17 is used for pumping water in the water storage tank 18 into the high pressure tank 13, the buffer tank 12 is communicated with the air source medium control system 2, and the water pump 17 is always in a working state during a test.
The application method of the embodiment is as follows: the air source medium control system 2 firstly fills air into the buffer tank 12 so that the pressure in the high-pressure tank 13 and the buffer tank 12 are all the pressures required by the test; and the back pressure valve 16 is regulated to the maximum, the overflow valve 11 is regulated to the test pressure, the water suction pump 17 is started, the liquid level in the high pressure tank 13 is judged through the pressure transmitter 14, when the liquid position reaches the set height, the water suction flow is regulated down, the air source medium control system 2 is started, the pressure reducing valve is regulated to reduce the air pressure to the required pressure, the buffer tank 12 and the reaction kettle 33 are filled with air, the pressure gauge of the reaction kettle 33 is observed, and when the pressure in the reaction kettle 33 reaches the test pressure, the air inlet valve 21 of the air source medium control system is closed.
The buffer tank 12 is provided to prevent the liquid in the high-pressure tank 13 from flowing into the reaction vessel 33 after being fully loaded to affect the solid-liquid ratio thereof, and the pressure in the system is in an up-and-down fluctuation state rather than a constant pressure-increasing state during the test, so that the flow rate of the water pump 17 is regulated down during the test, and the water pump 17 is always in an operating state (a low-flow water pumping state) to pressurize the reaction vessel 33 to achieve the test required pressure when the pressure in the reaction vessel 33 is lower than the test required pressure.
The maximum pressure of the back pressure valve 16 is not less than the test design pressure, the flow speed range of the water suction pump 17 is 1-9 mL/min, the control pressure range of the overflow valve 11 is 1-20 MPa, the gas pressure range of the gas source medium control system 2 is 1-15 MPa, the heating temperature range of the heating device 34 is set to be 180-260 ℃, and the filling amount of materials and water is limited to 50% -80% of the volume of the cavity of the reaction kettle 33.
In some embodiments, a cooling buffer coil is arranged in series on the pipeline between the air source medium control system 2 and the hydrothermal reaction device 3, and the cooling buffer coil is used for cooling high-temperature gas.
In some embodiments, the reaction kettle 33 is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, on-off valves are arranged on the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is communicated with the pressure control system 1 and the air source medium control system 2.
In some embodiments, a recycling bin is arranged below the water outlet of the overflow valve 11, and the lower part of the buffer tank 12 is connected with a drainage channel through a clamping sleeve ball valve.
Example two
The embodiment provides a self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, adding materials and liquid into a reaction kettle 33 according to the solid-liquid ratio designed by the test before the test;
step two, filling gas with specific pressure into the reaction kettle 33 by utilizing the gas source medium control system 2 according to the pressure required by the test, and enabling the pressure in the reaction kettle 33 to reach a set value;
step three, heating reaction is carried out by utilizing a heating device 34, and in the reaction process, the pressure in the reaction kettle 33 is controlled by the pressure control system 1 to be the pressure required by the test all the time;
and step four, when the reaction time is up, closing the air inlet valve 31 and the heating device 34 of the reaction kettle, cooling the reaction kettle 33 to room temperature, opening the air outlet valve 32 to discharge the pressure in the reaction kettle 33, opening the reaction kettle 33, and collecting the reaction product.
In some embodiments, the pressure control system 1 comprises a high pressure tank 13, an overflow valve 11, a water storage tank 18, a water pump 17, a buffer tank 12, a back pressure valve 16 and a one-way valve 15;
before the second step, the air source medium control system 2 fills air into the buffer tank 12 to make the pressure in the high-pressure tank 13 and the buffer tank 12 be the pressure required by the test;
the back pressure valve 16 is regulated to the maximum pressure, the overflow valve 11 is regulated to the test pressure, the water suction pump 17 is started, the liquid level height in the high pressure tank 13 is judged through the pressure transmitter 14, when the liquid position reaches the set height, the water suction flow is regulated down, the air source medium control system 2 is started, the pressure reducing valve is regulated to reduce the air pressure to the required pressure, air is introduced into the buffer tank 12 and the reaction kettle 33, the pressure gauge of the reaction kettle 33 is observed, and when the pressure in the reaction kettle 33 reaches the test pressure, the air inlet valve 21 of the air source medium control system is closed;
in step three, as the temperature increases, the pressure in the reaction kettle 33 will be greater than the pressure set by the overflow valve 11, that is, the test pressure, at this time, the liquid will flow out from the drain port of the overflow valve 11, the back pressure valve 16 is rotated to release pressure until the liquid does not flow out from the drain port, and the back pressure valve 16 is stopped rotating.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a self-pressure-regulating living beings hydrothermal carbomorphism device which characterized in that: the device comprises a hydrothermal reaction device, a pressure control system and a gas source medium control system, wherein the hydrothermal reaction device comprises a reaction kettle and a heating device for heating the reaction kettle;
the gas source medium control system can charge gas into the reaction kettle before the test;
the pressure control system is communicated with the reaction kettle, and can be used for releasing pressure to the reaction kettle to the pressure required by the test when the pressure in the reaction kettle exceeds the pressure required by the test.
2. The self-pressure regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure control system comprises a high-pressure tank and an overflow valve, wherein the high-pressure tank is communicated with the reaction kettle, and the overflow valve is communicated with the high-pressure tank; before the test, pre-storing water in the high-pressure tank, and when the pressure in the reaction kettle exceeds the pressure required by the test, discharging the water in the high-pressure tank through the overflow valve to release the pressure of the reaction kettle.
3. The self-pressure regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device according to claim 2, wherein: the pressure control system further comprises a water storage tank, a water suction pump, a buffer tank, a back pressure valve and a one-way valve, wherein the water storage tank, the water suction pump, the high-pressure tank, the buffer tank and the reaction kettle are sequentially communicated, the high-pressure tank, the back pressure valve, the one-way valve and the water storage tank are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop, the water suction pump is used for pumping water in the water storage tank into the high-pressure tank, the buffer tank is communicated with the air source medium control system, and the water suction pump is always in a working state during test.
4. A self-pressure regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device according to claim 3, wherein: and a cooling buffer coil is arranged on a pipeline between the buffer tank and the reaction kettle in series.
5. The self-pressure regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein: the gas source medium control system can charge different kinds of gases into the reaction kettle before the test, and at least can charge one or more of nitrogen, ammonia and carbon dioxide.
6. The self-pressure regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein: the reaction kettle is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, on-off valves are arranged on the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is communicated with the pressure control system and the air source medium control system.
7. A self-pressure regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device according to claim 3, wherein: and a recycling bin is arranged below the water outlet of the overflow valve, and the lower part of the buffer tank is connected with a drainage channel through a clamping sleeve ball valve.
8. A self-pressure-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprising the following steps:
step one, adding materials and liquid into a reaction kettle according to the solid-liquid ratio designed by a test before the test;
step two, filling gas with specific pressure into the reaction kettle by utilizing a gas source medium control system according to the pressure required by the test, and enabling the pressure in the reaction kettle to reach a set value;
step three, heating reaction is carried out by using a heating device, and in the reaction process, the pressure in the reaction kettle is controlled to be always the pressure required by the test by a pressure control system;
and step four, when the reaction time is up, closing an air inlet valve and a heating device of the reaction kettle, cooling the temperature of the reaction kettle to room temperature, opening an air outlet valve to discharge the pressure in the reaction kettle, opening the reaction kettle, and collecting a reaction product.
9. The self-pressure regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization method according to claim 8, wherein: the pressure control system comprises a high-pressure tank, an overflow valve, a water storage tank, a water pump, a buffer tank, a back pressure valve and a one-way valve;
before the second step, the air source medium control system fills air into the buffer tank so that the pressure in the high-pressure tank and the pressure in the buffer tank are both the pressures required by the test;
the back pressure valve pressure is regulated to the maximum, the overflow valve pressure is regulated to the test pressure, the water suction pump is started, the liquid level height in the high pressure tank is judged through the pressure transmitter, when the liquid position reaches the set height, the water suction flow is regulated down, the air source medium control system is started, the pressure reducing valve is regulated to reduce the air pressure to the required pressure, air is introduced into the buffer tank and the reaction kettle, the pressure gauge of the reaction kettle is observed, and when the pressure in the reaction kettle reaches the test pressure, the air inlet valve of the air source medium control system is closed;
in the third step, along with the rise of the temperature, the pressure in the reaction kettle is larger than the pressure set by the overflow valve, namely the test pressure, at the moment, the liquid flows out from the water outlet of the overflow valve, the back pressure valve is rotated to release pressure until the liquid does not flow out from the water outlet any more, and the back pressure valve is stopped rotating.
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