JP2010112583A - Device and method of waste oil combustion - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device and method of waste oil combustion, effective for environmental purification as waste oil is burned in three stages of high temperature state without generating smoke and soot dust while eliminating harmful substances such as dioxin, having high heat efficiency, and significantly saving on fuel costs as the waste oil is utilized as the fuel in a heat source of a boiler and the like. <P>SOLUTION: A waste oil combustion mechanism 1 for burning the waste oil is composed of a waste coil heat chamber 2, an ignition heater 3, a fuel supply device 4, a nozzle-shaped heat chamber 5 having a number of combustion gas blow-off holes 5C on its peripheral face, and a gas guide chamber 6. A combustion air supply mechanism 11 for supplying the combustion air to the waste oil combustion mechanism 1 is composed of a lower air supply duct 13 for supplying the combustion air to the waste oil heat chamber 2 and the nozzle-shaped heat chamber 5, and an air supply fan 16. A combustion gas released from the gas guide chamber 6 is reburned in a gas reheat chamber 21 sucking the outside air, and released in a cleaned state. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention burns various waste oils such as engine oil and other waste oils such as glycerin by oil tank washing of oil tank ships, tempura oil, etc. to a state where no smoke or soot is produced, The present invention relates to a waste oil combustion apparatus and a waste oil combustion method that can be used as a heat source and reduce fuel costs.

  Conventional boilers and stoves that burn liquid fuel such as various types of waste oil and kerosene supply fuel to the combustion chamber from a fuel discharge hole disposed on one side of the combustion chamber, and the combustion air is an air that is disposed in an annular inward direction. The combustion gas is ejected from the ejection hole, and the combustion gas is discharged to the outside from an exhaust cylinder provided on the upper side of the combustion cylinder.

  However, in the above-described configuration of the prior art, the fuel is supplied from one side position of the combustion chamber and burned there, so the heat balance in the combustion chamber is lost and the waste oil burns incompletely, so that smoke and soot are discharged. There is a disadvantage that. In addition, since the combustion air is simply injected inward in the annular shape, it is not sufficiently mixed with the vaporized gas of the fuel, so that a part of it is discharged in the state of unburned gas, and the combustion temperature is sufficiently high. There is also a problem that the harmful substances cannot be burned off because they do not rise.

Therefore, the present applicant firstly mixes the fuel vaporized gas and the combustion air evenly in the burner and raises and lowers the combustion gas in the combustion cylinder to completely burn even the waste oil fuel having a high ignition temperature. The waste oil combustion apparatus which can be used was proposed (patent document 1).
Japanese Patent No. 4032148

  Although the above-mentioned prior art exhibits many excellent effects as a waste oil combustion device, from the aspect of improving the thermal efficiency and environmental purification based on the demands of the times, smoke and soot are emitted by combusting the waste oil more completely. There is a need for a waste oil combustion apparatus that can burn and detoxify harmful substances.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned unsolved problems of the prior art. By burning waste oil at a high temperature and in multiple stages, no smoke or soot is produced and no harmful substances such as dioxin are generated. Waste oil combustion apparatus and waste oil combustion method that are effective for environmental purification, have excellent thermal efficiency, and can significantly reduce fuel costs because waste oil can be used as fuel for boilers and other heat sources. The purpose is to provide.

Means for constituting the invention according to claim 1 of the present application for solving the above-mentioned problems are a waste oil combustion mechanism for burning waste oil, a combustion air supply mechanism for supplying combustion air to the waste oil combustion mechanism, and the waste oil combustion The waste oil combustion mechanism is composed of a bottomed cylinder having an open top, and a waste oil combustion cylinder having a number of air ejection holes on the peripheral surface. An ignition heater provided on the lower side of the waste oil combustion cylinder, a fuel supply device for supplying waste oil fuel in the vicinity of the ignition heater, and a conical cone with a top and bottom opening, and a large number on the circumferential surface A nozzle-like combustion cylinder disposed above the waste oil combustion cylinder with a combustion gas blowing hole, and a gas induction cylinder which is open at the top and bottom and has a gap above the nozzle-like combustion cylinder; The combustion air supply mechanism is composed of the nozzle An upper annular duct provided to surround the combustion cylinder and a combustion air provided to surround the waste oil combustion cylinder and communicated with the upper annular duct are supplied to the waste oil combustion cylinder and the nozzle-like combustion cylinder. A lower air supply duct that is connected to the upper annular duct, and an air supply fan that supplies combustion air from the upper annular duct to the waste oil combustion cylinder and the nozzle-like combustion cylinder via the lower air supply duct. The gas re-combustion cylinder is formed of a cylinder body having an outside air suction hole on the peripheral surface that is substantially the same height as the discharge port of the gas induction cylinder, and is arranged on the upper side of the gas induction cylinder. Become.

  And as for the said waste oil combustion cylinder, it is good to form the bottom plate upper surface in the waste oil reservoir of concave curved surface shape.

  Moreover, the said waste oil combustion cylinder is good to comprise the said air blowing hole in a surrounding surface along a tangential direction, and to comprise so that combustion air may flow as a swirl flow.

The gas guide tube may be formed in a truncated conical shape having an upper and lower opening.

  Furthermore, the nozzle-shaped combustion cylinder may be configured to surround the outer periphery with an annular guide plate.

  Furthermore, the said air supply apparatus is good to connect a ventilation pipe | tube along a tangential direction with respect to the said upper annular duct.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a nozzle-like combustion cylinder having a plurality of combustion gas injection holes for burning the waste oil by heating and supplying outside air into the waste oil combustion cylinder. The combustion gas ejected from the nozzle-like combustion cylinder is guided into the gas recombustion cylinder by the gas induction cylinder, and the combustion gas is again burned by mixing outside air in the gas recombustion cylinder. Become.

  The combustion air blown into the waste oil combustion cylinder may flow as a swirl flow.

  The heated combustion air may be supplied to the nozzle-like combustion cylinder and mixed with the combustion gas.

  Further, the combustion gas ejected from the combustion gas ejection hole may be guided upward by an annular guide plate provided on the outer periphery of the nozzle-like combustion cylinder.

Further, the combustion gas ejected from the combustion gas ejection hole may be guided upward by a gas guide cylinder formed in a conical truncated cone shape having an open top and bottom.

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Waste oil is burned in three stages: primary combustion using a waste oil combustion cylinder, secondary combustion using a nozzle combustion cylinder, and tertiary combustion using a gas recombustion cylinder. Therefore, it does not pollute the atmosphere, has excellent thermal efficiency, and can solve problems such as labor and cost of treating industrial waste oil as industrial waste.
(2) Since the nozzle-like combustion cylinder is disposed above the waste oil combustion cylinder so that the combustion gas is burned at a higher temperature, the unburned gas is burned as far as possible without smoke and soot. In addition, harmful substances such as dioxins can be removed with high heat.
(3) Since the gas re-combustion cylinder is arranged above the nozzle-like combustion cylinder and the outside air is mixed so that the combustion gas is further combusted, the remaining unburned gas and soot can be completely combusted. It can be discharged in a clean state without smoke or soot. In addition, since there is no need for smoke exhausting equipment, there is a high degree of freedom in installation in factories and the like.
(4) Since the waste oil combustion cylinder is formed such that the bottom plate upper surface is formed into a concavely curved oil sump and combusts the waste oil, it is possible to prevent the combusted waste oil from being dispersed and becoming unburned.
(5) Since the waste oil combustion cylinder has an air blowing hole formed in a tangential direction with respect to the peripheral surface so that the combustion air flows in a swirling flow state in the waste oil combustion cylinder, the combustion air is a combustion gas. To achieve a more complete combustion state.
(6) The outer periphery of the nozzle-shaped combustion cylinder is surrounded by an annular guide plate, and the combustion gas is concentrated by guiding the combustion gas ejected in all directions from the combustion gas ejection holes of the nozzle-shaped combustion cylinder toward the gas recombustion cylinder. Since it did in this way, the fall of combustion temperature can be prevented and combustion of unburned gas can be accelerated | stimulated.
(7) Combustion efficiency can be further improved by supplying heated combustion air to the nozzle-shaped combustion cylinder and mixing it with combustion gas.
(8) Combustion gas ejected from the combustion gas ejection hole is guided upward by a gas guide cylinder formed in a conical cone shape with a narrow top and bottom opening, concentrating the combustion gas and increasing the temperature. Therefore, the combustion of unburned gas can be promoted.
(9) Since the combustion air supply mechanism is configured to supply the waste oil combustion cylinder while heating the outside air by disposing an upper annular duct on the outer periphery of the nozzle-like combustion cylinder, unburned gas due to a decrease in combustion temperature Can be prevented as much as possible, and a reduction in combustion efficiency can be prevented.
(10) The air supply fan connects the blast pipe to the upper annular duct in a tangential direction, and causes the combustion air to flow into the waste oil combustion cylinder while swirling in the upper annular duct, so that the waste oil combustion cylinder The combustion air can be uniformly mixed with the vaporized gas of the waste oil.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the figure, 1 is a waste oil combustion mechanism constituting the waste oil combustion apparatus, and 2 is a waste oil combustion cylinder constituting the waste oil combustion mechanism 1. Waste oil combustion liner 2 and disk-shaped bottom portion 2A having an upper surface becomes the oil reservoir 2A ₁ of the concave curved surface, upstanding from the outer edge of the bottom portion 2A, a cylindrical portion 2B of the upper is open, of the cylindrical part 2B A plurality of air blowing holes 2C are formed on the peripheral surface, and each air blowing hole 2C is inclined along the tangential direction of the cylindrical portion 2B. .

  An ignition heater 3 is disposed in the vicinity of the bottom 2A of the waste oil combustion cylinder 2. The ignition heater 3 uses an electrothermal heater having a known configuration. Reference numeral 4 denotes a fuel supply device that supplies waste oil fuel to the vicinity of the ignition heater 3. The fuel supply device 4 is provided with a pressurized supply type waste oil tank 4 A, a kerosene tank 4 B, and one end disposed in the vicinity of the ignition heater 3. The oil supply pipe 4C is connected to the waste oil tank 4A and the kerosene tank 4B. The direction switching valve 4D is provided in the oil supply pipe 4C and switches the supply of waste oil and kerosene to the waste oil combustion cylinder 2. The oil amount can be adjusted by the direction switching valve 4D.

  Reference numeral 5 denotes a nozzle-like combustion cylinder disposed above the waste oil combustion cylinder 2. The nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5 has a mounting plate 5A made of a doughnut-shaped flat plate whose inside is opened to the same diameter as the waste oil combustion cylinder 2, and a conical cone with an upper and lower side that is provided on the mounting plate 5A. And a plurality of combustion gas ejection holes 5C, 5C,... Dispersed on the peripheral surface of the nozzle cylinder 5B. The opening area is set to 25 to 35% of the surface area of the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 13 so that the flame is ejected uniformly and stably.

  Reference numeral 6 denotes a gas induction cylinder disposed above the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5. The gas induction cylinder 6 has a cylindrical main body 6A formed in a conical cone shape with a top and bottom opening, and the cylindrical main body 6A. It consists of a cylindrical discharge cylinder part 6B provided at the upper end, and the upper end opening of the discharge cylinder part 6B is a gas discharge port 6C. The gas guide tube 6 is supported in a state of being mounted on an upper annular duct 12 which will be described later and spaced above the nozzle-like combustion tube 5.

  Thus, the waste oil combustion mechanism 1 includes the waste oil combustion cylinder 2, the ignition heater 3, the fuel supply device 4, the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5, and the gas induction cylinder 6, and the waste oil combustion cylinder 2, the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5 and The gas induction tube 6 is formed of a heat resistant material such as a casting or ceramics.

  Next, the combustion air supply mechanism 11 that supplies combustion air to the waste oil combustion mechanism 1 will be described. Reference numeral 12 denotes an upper annular duct constituting the combustion air supply mechanism 11, and the upper annular duct 12 is formed of an annular cylinder having a substantially square cross section. Reference numeral 13 denotes a lower air supply duct positioned below the upper annular duct 12 so as to surround the waste oil combustion cylinder 2, and the lower air supply duct 13 is formed by bending the lower end side into a substantially L shape. The plate 13A is formed in an annular shape. The lower air supply duct 13 communicates with the upper annular duct 12 via a plurality of air inflow holes 14 formed in the bottom plate 12A of the upper annular duct 12 so as to be circumferentially separated from each other. The cylindrical combustion cylinder 5 communicates with the mounting plate 5A via a plurality of air supply holes 15, 15,. Each air inflow hole 14 is formed to be inclined obliquely downward along the swirling direction of the heated air so that the heated air smoothly flows into the waste oil combustion cylinder 2 in a swirling state.

Reference numeral 16 denotes an air supply fan connected to the upper annular duct 12, and the air supply fan 16 includes a fan main body 16A and an air delivery pipe 16B extending from the fan main body 16A to the upper annular duct 12. The air delivery pipe 16B is tangentially connected to the annular side plate 12B of the upper annular duct 12 so that the combustion air flows in the duct 12 as a swirling flow.

  Reference numeral 17 denotes an annular guide plate provided so as to surround a substantially lower half of the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5, and the annular guide plate 17 is a combustion gas ejection hole 5C, 5C, .. from which combustion gas is ejected in all directions and diffused to guide it upwards.

  The waste oil combustion mechanism 1 and the combustion air supply mechanism 11 according to the present embodiment have the above-described configuration and are supported by a gantry 18.

  Reference numeral 21 denotes a gas recombustion cylinder that is fitted to the upper side of the gas induction cylinder 6. The gas re-combustion cylinder 21 includes a large-diameter re-combustion cylinder part 21A opened at the bottom, a small-diameter exhaust cylinder part 21B provided at the upper end of the re-combustion cylinder part 21A and having an upper end opening as an exhaust port, It is composed of outside air suction holes 21C, 21C,. Each of the outside air intake holes 21C is set to be substantially the same height as the gas discharge port 6C of the gas guide cylinder 6, so that the outside air is sucked into the gas recombustion cylinder 21 and mixed with the combustion gas. It promotes combustion.

  The present embodiment has the above-described configuration. Next, the operation will be described. First, the kerosene for ignition is supplied from the fuel supply device 4 into the waste oil combustion cylinder 2 and burned by the ignition heater 3, and the air supply fan 16 is started to the lower air supply duct 13 through the upper annular duct 12. Supply outside air. A plurality of air inflow holes 14 are formed in the upper annular duct 12 in the circumferential direction, and the air supplied from the air supply fan 16 turns from the air inflow holes 14 to the lower air supply duct 13 while turning in the duct 12. By being uniformly fed into the inside, the combustion in the waste oil combustion cylinder 2 can be made uniform. When the waste oil combustion cylinder 2 is sufficiently heated by the burning of kerosene, the direction switching valve 4D is operated to supply the waste oil to the waste oil combustion cylinder 2 and burn it instead of kerosene.

The outside air supplied to the upper annular duct 12 disposed on the outer periphery of the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5 is heated to about 300 ° C. while flowing in the upper annular duct 12 by heating the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5. Then, the air flows into the lower air supply duct 13 from each air inlet hole 14. The combustion air flows in a swirl flow in the lower air supply duct 13, flows in from the air blowing hole 2 </ b> C formed in the tangential direction to the waste oil combustion cylinder 2, and is uniformly mixed with the vaporized gas of the waste oil while swirling. To promote combustion. In this way, the combustion gas in the waste oil combustion cylinder 2 burns more completely, so that the internal temperature rises to about 600 degrees. Further, since the outside air is heated and supplied to the waste oil combustion cylinder 2, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the waste oil combustion cylinder 2 from being lowered and the combustion temperature from being lowered, and to prevent generation of unburned gas in an incomplete combustion state. To do.

On the other hand, a part of the heated combustion air flows into the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5 from the upper annular duct 12 through the air supply hole 15 and mixes with the unburned gas to promote the combustion.

  The combustion gas rises vigorously from the waste oil combustion cylinder 2 and flows into the nozzle combustion cylinder 5, so that the nozzle combustion cylinder 5 is in a burned ball state. In addition, since the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5 has a conical shape with a constricted top, the inflowing combustion gas once stays, and heated combustion air flowing into the nozzle through the air supply hole 15 is retained. Combustion gas is further burned by mixing, and the combustion in the unburned gas in the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5 is promoted by raising the inside of the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5 to about 1,000 to 1,200 degrees,有害 It can also burn toxic substances.

The combustion gas in the nozzle-like combustion cylinder 5 is ejected in four directions from the upper opening and each combustion gas ejection hole 5C, but is concentrated upward and guided into the gas induction cylinder 6 while being guided upward by the annular guide plate 17. The combustion gas that has flowed into the gas induction cylinder 6 is further collected and discharged to the gas recombustion cylinder 21, and the outside air sucked from each outside air intake hole 21C is mixed, so that the remaining unburned gas is also completely burned. Released into the atmosphere in a clean state without smoke or soot.

  Since the exhaust heat from the gas recombustion cylinder 21 is a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher, the waste oil combustion apparatus can function as a hot water boiler by disposing a water pipe above.

1 is a plan view of a waste oil combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a waste oil combustion apparatus partially shown in cross section. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a waste oil combustion apparatus. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows a part of waste oil combustion mechanism by fracture. It is a VV arrow direction sectional view in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow state of the combustion air and combustion gas of a waste oil combustion apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste oil combustion mechanism 2 Waste oil combustion cylinder 2A ₁ Oil reservoir 2C Air blowing hole 3 Ignition heater 4 Fuel supply device 5 Nozzle combustion cylinder 5C Combustion gas ejection hole 6 Gas induction cylinder 11 Combustion air supply mechanism 12 Upper annular duct 13 Lower supply Air duct 14 Air inflow hole 15 Air supply hole 16 Air supply fan 17 Annular guide plate 21 Gas recombustion cylinder 21C Outside air intake hole

Claims (11)

A waste oil combustion mechanism for combusting waste oil, a combustion air supply mechanism for supplying combustion air to the waste oil combustion mechanism, and a gas recombustion cylinder for further combusting the combustion gas released from the waste oil combustion mechanism,
The waste oil combustion mechanism includes a bottomed cylinder having an open top, a waste oil combustion cylinder having a large number of air blowing holes on a peripheral surface, an ignition heater provided on a lower side of the waste oil combustion cylinder, and the ignition heater A fuel supply device for supplying waste oil fuel in the vicinity of the upper part of the waste oil combustion cylinder having a conical cone shape with a constricted top and bottom opening, and a large number of combustion gas injection holes on the peripheral surface A nozzle-shaped combustion cylinder, and a gas induction cylinder that is open at the top and bottom and disposed with a gap above the nozzle-shaped combustion cylinder,
The combustion air supply mechanism includes an upper annular duct that is provided to surround the nozzle-like combustion cylinder, and is provided to surround the waste oil combustion cylinder, and combustion air supplied from the upper annular duct is supplied to the waste oil combustion cylinder and A lower air supply duct that supplies the nozzle-like combustion cylinder, and an upper annular duct that is connected to the upper annular duct, and supply combustion air from the upper annular duct to the waste oil combustion cylinder and the nozzle-like combustion cylinder via the lower air supply duct. Consisting of an air supply fan and
The gas recombustion cylinder is a cylinder having an outer air suction hole having a substantially same height as the discharge port of the gas induction cylinder on the peripheral surface, and is disposed on the upper side of the gas induction cylinder. .   The waste oil combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste oil combustion cylinder has a bottom plate upper surface formed into a concavely curved surface waste oil reservoir.   2. The waste oil combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste oil combustion cylinder has the air blowing hole formed in a tangential direction with respect to a peripheral surface so that the combustion air flows as a swirl flow. .   The waste oil combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle-like combustion cylinder is surrounded by an annular guide plate. 2. The waste oil combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas guide cylinder is formed in a truncated conical shape having an open top and bottom.   The waste oil combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air supply device has a blower pipe connected to the upper annular duct along a tangential direction.   A combustion gas that heats and supplies outside air into a waste oil combustion cylinder that burns waste oil, recombusts the rising combustion gas in a nozzle combustion cylinder having a plurality of combustion gas ejection holes, and is ejected from the nozzle combustion cylinder Is a waste oil combustion method in which gas is introduced into a gas recombustion cylinder by a gas induction cylinder, and outside air is mixed in the gas recombustion cylinder to burn the combustion gas again.   The waste oil combustion method according to claim 7, wherein the combustion air blown into the waste oil combustion cylinder flows in a swirl flow.   The waste oil combustion method according to claim 7, wherein heated combustion air is supplied to the nozzle-like combustion cylinder and mixed with combustion gas.   The waste oil combustion method according to claim 7, wherein the combustion gas ejected from the combustion gas ejection hole is guided upward by an annular guide plate provided on an outer periphery of the nozzle-like combustion cylinder. 8. The combustion of waste oil according to claim 7, wherein the combustion gas ejected from the combustion gas ejection hole is guided upward by a gas guide cylinder formed in a conical cone shape with a narrow upper and lower opening. Method.

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