JP2010106615A - Low empty head type excavating device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low empty head type excavating device capable of enhancing the efficiency of a series of excavation work by sufficiently securing the placement of an excavator and a work range in the horizontal direction from an excavating position to an soil-removal position in a building such as a warehouse, a garage and the like or in a place such as a tunnel where a working space overhead is narrow and limited. <P>SOLUTION: An excavating device is arranged at a prescribed height position on a base machine 11 having an excavation base 12 via a frame 13, and is provided with a horizontal rack 14 having a pair of right and left movable rails 19 projected forward from the top of the excavation base 12, a carriage 16 movably arranged along in a direction to which the movable rail 19 extends, an actuator 21 horizontally driving the carriage 16, and an excavator 17 hanged and supported in a liftable manner by the carriage 16. In a state that the excavator 17 is hanged and supported in a liftable manner by the carriage, the carriage 16 can be reciprocated between the projected position of the movable rail 19 and the excavation base part 12. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a low-headed excavation apparatus for excavating a hole for placing a pile or a pipe in a narrow space in an empty space such as a building or a tunnel.

  In foundation pile construction work at a construction site, excavation work is performed using an excavator that combines a gantry and a swivel boring machine. Specifically, an all-casing method is used in which a boring machine is turned and pushed into the soil while rotating a casing tube, and excavation work is performed with a hammer grab suspended from the gantry in the casing.

  In such an all casing method, first, a clamping device, a turning motor, a drawing cylinder, and the like included in the boring machine are operated by a hydraulic device. As a result, the casing tube is clamped by the clamping device and is pushed into the soil by the drawing cylinder while being rotated by the turning motor. Next, the hammer grab suspended from the gantry is used to excavate the inside of the casing tube and discharge the soil after excavation to a place away from the casing tube (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  This excavation work is performed by dropping a hammer grab suspended from a gantry into a casing tube, and then releasing the winch from a certain height. As a result of this fall, the shell opened at the tip of the hammer grab pierces into the soil, and when the winch is rolled up from this state, the shell is closed and rolled up with earth and sand inside.

  The casing tube is excavated until it reaches a predetermined depth while being connected with a lock pin. Then, the hammer grab is removed from the frame, and the rebar is suspended from the frame again. Insert into. Next, a treme tube for placing ready-mixed concrete is set, and a pile is placed in the soil as the ready-mixed concrete hardens by pulling out the casing tube with the boring machine while placing ready-mixed concrete with this tremy tube. Complete. The excavation work is completed when the ready-mixed concrete is finished and the casing tube is drawn.

In the excavator, excavation and transportation are performed in a state where an excavator such as a hammer grab and a casing tube is suspended from a high place by a gantry, so that a wide space is required to perform the work. For this reason, there was a problem that the excavator cannot be used in places with roofs or places with height restrictions such as tunnels. As means for improving this, there has been disclosed a suspending and conveying apparatus that allows a casing tube, H steel, and the like to be transferred by sliding a gantry horizontally (Patent Document 3). This transfer device is placed on a carriage that can move by itself and moves to the vicinity of a narrow work place where the sky is limited. And the rail which suspended the digging pipe etc. in the front-end | tip part is slid to the left-right direction, and it is repeatedly performed to embed in a predetermined excavation place.
JP-A-10-205261 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-205263 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-48492

  As described above, in the conventional excavating apparatus as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the excavated soil and the excavator other than the installation and movement of the excavator such as a hammer grab and a casing tube A wide work space is required for rock removal work. Therefore, excavation work cannot be performed in places with roofs or in places where there are restrictions on the upper space such as in tunnels, and even if an excavator can be carried in, the work range is limited and excavation at a sufficient depth is not possible. There was a problem.

  On the other hand, in the suspension conveyance device disclosed in Patent Document 3, since the first and second rails corresponding to the conventional gantry are installed in the horizontal direction, there is a narrow space with an upper limit. It is possible to transport the object to be transported to a predetermined work place by sliding the object to be transported such as a digging pipe or H steel by the rail at the place. However, this suspension conveying apparatus is an apparatus intended to convey a conveyed object such as the digging pipe or H steel in a state where it is suspended in the horizontal direction. For this reason, it has a structure in which the object to be transported is suspended from the tip of the rail that expands and contracts, but because of its structure, it cannot project greatly from the apparatus main body, and the work range is limited. There is a case. Furthermore, since the hammer grab for digging up soil and rocks and the casing tube pushed into the ground are heavy, there is also a problem that the conveyance itself is not easy only with the rail.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to install an excavator such as a hammer grab or casing tube or a soil removal position from a drilling position in a building such as a warehouse or a garage where the work space is narrow and limited or in a tunnel. Thus, a low-headed excavation apparatus capable of improving the efficiency of a series of excavation work by sufficiently securing the horizontal work range up to the present invention is provided.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a low-headed excavation apparatus according to the present invention is disposed on a base machine having a drive source and an excavation pedestal portion at a predetermined height position via a frame, and from above the excavation pedestal portion. A horizontal frame having at least a pair of left and right rails protruding forward, a carriage disposed so as to be movable along the direction in which the rails extend, an actuator for horizontally driving the carriage, and a suspension support that can be lifted and lowered by the carriage An excavator that is capable of reciprocating between the protruding position of the rail and the excavation pedestal by the actuator in a state where the excavator is suspended and supported so that the excavator can be moved up and down. Features.

  According to the low-headed excavation apparatus of the present invention, the rail provided on the horizontal mount mounted on the base machine is projected in the forward direction from the center position of the excavation in a place where the work space in the sky is limited. Sufficient work area can be secured. In addition, the excavator is suspended and supported by a carriage arranged so as to be movable along the direction in which the rail extends, and the carriage is driven by an actuator. It is possible to move with high accuracy in a stable state between the distance to the earth removal position.

  Embodiments of a low-headed excavation device according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, FIG. 1 is a side view when the low-headed excavator of the present invention is installed, FIG. 2 is a side view during operation of the low-headed excavator, and FIG. 3 is a front view of the low-headed excavator. 4 is a plan view of the low-headed excavator.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a low-headed excavator (hereinafter referred to as an excavator) 10 according to the present invention is installed on a excavation base 12 provided in a base machine 11 capable of moving and traveling via a frame 13. A horizontal gantry 14, a carriage 16 movably disposed along a rail 15 provided on the horizontal gantry 14, and an excavator 17 supported by the carriage 16 so as to be lifted and lowered. It is configured. The rail 15 includes a first rail (fixed rail) 18 fixed to the frame 13 and a second rail (movable rail) 19 disposed so as to be able to protrude from the fixed rail. Since the excavator 10 of the present invention can be used in a building such as a warehouse or a garage where the work space in the sky is limited or in a tunnel, the horizontal excavator 10 is placed on the base machine 11. The height H from the ground surface of the gantry 14 is set within a maximum of 5 m.

  The base machine 11 is a heavy machinery vehicle for construction work, an excavation base 12 on which the frame 13 is placed, an actuator 21 for moving and raising / lowering the carriage 16 and the excavator 17, and the actuator 21 And a drive source 22 for driving the motor. A tubing portion 34 for pushing in a casing tube 33 described later is installed in advance at the excavation place, and the base machine 11 is moved so that the excavation base portion 12 is placed directly above the tubing portion 34.

  The frame 13 is disposed on the excavation pedestal 12, and is erected on the four main support legs 23 that horizontally support the fixed rail 18 and on the operation unit 11 a side of the base machine 11. The actuator 21 has a pair of left and right rear support legs 24a to which one end of the actuator 21 is fixed. In addition, a pair of left and right front support legs 24b that support the distal end F side of the movable rail 19 are provided as necessary. The front support leg 24b is supported so as to follow the slide of the movable rail 19 in the horizontal direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the fixed rails 18 are arranged in a pair of left and right parallel on the frame 13, and movable rails 19 are slidably supported by the fixed rails 18, respectively. ing. Further, guide grooves 20 for mounting the carriage 16 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction are formed on the opposing inner side surfaces of the pair of movable rails 19, respectively.

  FIG. 1 shows a state when the excavator 10 is installed in a base machine 11. Here, the rear end B of the movable rail 19 is brought close to the operation unit 11 a side of the base machine 11, and the front end F is set in a short accommodated state so as not to protrude from the front end of the fixed rail 18. This is also the case when traveling to the excavation site with the horizontal mount 14 mounted on the base machine 11.

  FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of the excavator 10 during excavation work. Here, the front end F of the movable rail 19 protrudes from the front end of the fixed rail 18 to the right in the figure, and the rear end B is supported so as to be accommodated in the fixed rail 18. The movable rail 19 is fixed to the fixed rail 18 by a fastening member such as a bolt at the protruded position. In order to make the movable rail 19 protrude in a stable state, it is desirable that the length of the tip portion protruding from the fixed rail 18 is suppressed to half or less of the length of the rear end portion held by the fixed rail 18.

  When the movable rail 19 is slid, the actuator 21 connected to the carriage 16 is driven while the carriage 16 is fixed to the movable rail 19 as shown in FIG. . The carriage 16 is temporarily fixed to the front end F side of the movable rail 19 in advance by a stopper member or the like, and the actuator 21 is driven from this fixed position to push the carriage 16 forward. As a result, the movable rail 19 slides forward together with the carriage 16. This sliding movement is possible up to a position where the rear end B of the movable rail 19 substantially coincides with the rear end of the fixed rail 18, whereby a part of the movable rail 19 is moved from the front end of the fixed rail 18. Protrudes forward. In this state, the movable rail 19 is fixed to the fixed rail 18 by a fastening member such as a bolt. In this way, after the movable rail 19 is fixed in a state protruding by a predetermined length, the carriage 16 can be moved along the protruding direction of the movable rail 19 by removing the stopper member. Become.

  When returning to the state shown in FIG. 1, the carriage 16 is again fixed to the front end F side of the movable rail 19 via a stopper member, and the fastening member between the fixed rail 18 is removed and the carriage 16 is removed. The actuator 21 is driven to retract to the operation unit 11a side. In the present embodiment, since the front support leg 24b is provided between the front end F of the movable rail 19 and the frame 13 or the base machine 11 to support following the sliding movement of the movable rail 19, the movable rail 19 The protruding tip portion F of 19 can be stably supported in a horizontal state, and sliding movement within the fixed rail 18 can be performed smoothly.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the carriage 16 is provided at a central portion of the main body 25 and a main body 25 that is movably disposed between a pair of left and right movable rails 19. , A pulley unit 26 for hanging and supporting the excavator 17, and traveling wheels 27 provided on the left and right side surfaces of the main body unit 25 for guiding the traveling along the guide grooves 20 of the respective movable rails 19. . In addition to the traveling wheel 27, the auxiliary wheel 28 for preventing the carriage 16 from tilting in the left-right direction and smoothly running in the front-rear direction is configured to make light contact with the inner side surfaces of the left and right movable rails 19. Is provided.

  The pulley section 26 includes a first pulley 26a at the center and a pair of second pulleys 26b on the left and right sides of the first pulley 26a. As shown in FIG. 3, a wire 30a for operating an opening / closing mechanism provided in the excavator 17 is hung on the first pulley 26a. Further, a pair of wires 30b for hanging an annular attachment / detachment member 29 to which the upper end portion of the excavator 17 is detachably attached are hung on the second pulley 26b.

  As shown in FIG. 7, a hammer grab 32 is directly suspended from the first pulley 26a. On the other hand, the hammer pulley 32 and the casing tube 33 as shown in FIG. 8 that are mounted via the detachable member 29 are suspended and supported on the second pulley 26b. The wires 30a and 30b hung on the first pulley 26a and the second pulley 26b are driven up and down via winches 37 provided in the base machine 11, respectively. The hammer grab 32 includes a main body portion 32a, a pair of shells 32b provided at the front end portion of the main body portion 32a so as to be openable and closable, and a fitting portion 32c fitted to the detachable member 29. The wire 30a is connected to the shell 32b through the main body 32a. When the wire 30a is wound up and driven by a winch 37, the shell 32b is closed. The hammer grab 32 is lifted above the excavation work position by the wire 30b in a state where the fitting portion 32c is mounted on the detachable member 29, and is separated from the detachable member 29 and dropped at a predetermined height position. The shell 32b is in an open state when dropped and pierces into the ground as it is. From this state, the wire 30a is wound up by the winch 37, so that the shell 32b is closed while holding an excavated material such as soil or rock, and the wire 30a is further pulled up so that the main body portion 32a moves the fitting portion 32c. It is attached to the detachable member 29 via.

  An actuator 21 is attached to the carriage 16 having the above-described configuration, and the actuator 21 can advance and retract in the front-rear direction along the guide grooves 20 provided in the pair of movable rails 19. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the actuator 21 is constituted by a hydraulic cylinder 31. One end of the hydraulic cylinder 31 is fixed to the upper end portion of the rear support leg 24 a erected on the operation portion 11 a side of the base machine 11, and the other end is attached to the main body portion 25 of the carriage 16. In the present embodiment, a pair of the hydraulic cylinders 31 are attached along the direction in which the movable rail 19 extends. The hydraulic cylinder 31 is driven to extend and contract by a drive source 22 provided in the base machine 11.

  As another embodiment of the actuator 21, as shown in FIG. 9, a chain belt 41 spanned between both ends of a guide groove 20 provided in each movable rail 19, and a travel roller 27 of the carriage 16. There is a chain belt drive provided with a gear portion 42 composed of a plurality of small gears provided instead of the gear portion 42. In this chain belt drive, the carriage 16 is arranged so that the gear portion 42 meshes with the chain belt 41, and the pair of rotary shafts 43 and 44 at both ends where the chain belt 41 is bridged are rotated forward or reverse. By doing so, the chain belt 41 moves forward or backward, and the carriage 16 can be moved forward or backward along with this movement. In the case where the gear portion 42 is composed of a plurality of small gears, and the chain belt 41 meshes with each of the small gears so that appropriate braking performance can be obtained, and the heavy excavator 17 is supported by being suspended. Can be stably stopped at a predetermined position.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, a rack 51 made up of a plurality of teeth extending linearly along the upper and lower sides of the guide groove 20 in each movable rail 19 is provided, while the carriage 16 is replaced with a travel roller 27. It is also possible to adopt a direct drive configuration in which a pinion 52 that meshes with the rack 51 is provided. The pinion 52 can be rotated forward, reverse, or stopped by a rotation drive mechanism (not shown) provided in the main body of the carriage 16, and can freely advance, retreat, or move along the direction in which the guide groove 20 extends. It is possible to stop at the position. Both the chain belt drive and the direct drive are performed by a power system drive source provided in the base machine 11.

  As the excavator 17 supported by being suspended by the carriage 16, a hammer grab 32, a casing tube 33, or the like can be used as shown in FIGS. These excavators 17 are suspended and supported by wires 30a and 30b from a winch 37 installed in the base machine 11 via a pulley portion 26 provided in the carriage 16 so as to be lifted and lowered. The hammer grab 32 is used for deep hole excavation and root cutting of a building foundation, and includes a cylindrical main body 32a and a pair of shells 32b provided at the front end of the main body 32a so as to be opened and closed. The body portion 32a incorporates a mechanism for opening and closing the shell 32b by a hanging portion of the wire 30a and a winding operation of the wire 30a. The casing tube 33 protects the hole wall to be excavated. The casing tube 33 is made of a steel plate having a diameter suitable for the size of the hole to be excavated, and has a cylindrical main body 33a and a plurality of special steels provided at the tip of the main body 33a. And the cutting edge 33b. The casing tube 33 is sequentially pushed into the ground while adding several pieces. Since the excavator 10 of the present invention has a structure in which the maximum height of the horizontal gantry 14 is lowered to be within about 5 m, the overall length of the hammer grab 32 is shorter than that of the conventional one. As a result, the entire weight of the hammer grab 32 is reduced. Therefore, measures such as increasing the thickness of the steel plate material of the main body portion 32a or adding a separate weight to the main body portion 32a are taken so as to obtain a predetermined weight. It is done.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the casing tube 33 is suspended from the tip portion F of the movable rail 19 to the excavation place on the excavation base 12 in a state where the casing tube 33 is suspended by the wire 30 b via the pulley portion 26. Moving. Then, by operating the winch 37, the wire 30 b is lowered, and the casing tube 33 is set in the tubing portion 34 provided below the excavation base 12. The casing tube 33 set in the tubing part 34 is tightened on the outer periphery of the main body part 33a. In this state, the casing tube 33 is gradually pushed into the ground from the tip part where the cutting edge 33b is provided by a pushing cylinder (not shown). It is.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 12, the hammer grab 32 is suspended from the pulley portion 26 via the detachable member 29, the carriage 16 is moved along the movable rail 19, and the casing is driven by the tubing portion 34. Position and fix directly above the tube 33. Then, the hammer grab 32 is separated from the detachable member 29 from this position, dropped into the casing tube 33, and the tip of the open shell 32b is driven into the ground. Thereafter, the winch 37 is wound up to close the shell 32b and dig up the ground. After this excavation work, the hammer grab 32 is pulled up from the casing tube 33, and the carriage 16 is advanced along the movable rail 19 while being attached to the detachable member 29, and is separated from the excavation base 12 in the horizontal direction. It moves to the vicinity of the front end F of the movable rail 19. At this position, by opening the shell 32b, excavated materials such as excavated soil and rock can be discharged. In this way, the hammer grab 32 is reciprocated in the horizontal direction by the carriage 16 from the casing tube 33 to the place where the earth is discharged, thereby excavating and discharging the earth in a place where the space is limited. Can be performed easily and efficiently. The casing tube 33 is buried in the ground by digging with the hammer grab 32, and the casing tubes for connection are sequentially added to the predetermined depth position.

  In the present embodiment, the configuration using the hammer grab 32 and the casing tube 33 is shown, but other excavators can also be used, and if it is intended for transportation, it is used for excavation. It can also be applied to general construction equipment other than equipment.

  The drive source 22 that drives the actuator 21 and the winch 37 includes an engine unit, a hydraulic unit, and a power unit. In this driving source, the carriage 16 and the movable rail 19 are slid through the hydraulic cylinder, the casing tube 33 is tightened and pushed in, and the winch 37 necessary for the lifting operation of the excavator 17 is controlled. The base machine 11 including the drive source 22 is provided with an operation unit for operating the carriage 16, the movable rail 19, and the winch 37, and a traveling device that can move and turn to a predetermined excavation site. It is equipped.

  The excavation apparatus 10 of this embodiment has a structure that is installed on a base machine 11 via a frame 13. For this reason, the horizontal base 14 can be set on the frame 13 in advance, and can be installed on the excavation base 12 of the base machine 11 with the carriage 16 and the excavator 17 set as necessary. Further, the rails 15, carriage 16, excavator 17, etc. constituting the frame 13 and the horizontal frame 14 are individually conveyed, and the horizontal frame 14 is assembled from the frame 13 on the excavation base 12 of the base machine 11 at the excavation site. Can also be installed. The excavator 10 may be integrated with the base machine 11.

  As described above, the excavation apparatus 10 of the present invention has the horizontal frame 14 having the above-described configuration installed on the base machine 11 having a drive source and an operation unit, and in that state, travels to the excavation site or turns. Therefore, it is possible to perform excavation work by directly entering a building such as a warehouse or a garage with a limited overhead space or a tunnel. In addition, a wide working area in the horizontal direction can be secured by the protrusion of the movable rail 19 constituting the horizontal mount 14, and the carriage 16 that can move along the movable rail 19 is provided. The excavator 17 such as the casing tube 33 can be easily attached and moved.

It is a side view which shows the state at the time of installation of the low sky head type excavation equipment which concerns on this invention. It is a side view which shows the state at the time of use of the said low head type excavation apparatus. It is a front view of the said low head type excavator. It is a top view of the said low head type excavation apparatus. It is sectional drawing of the front direction of the carriage arrange | positioned at the said horizontal mount. It is a top view of the said carriage. It is a front view when a hammer grab is suspended and supported on the carriage. It is a front view when a casing tube is suspended and supported on the carriage. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 2nd example of a drive of the said carriage. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 3rd example of a drive of the said carriage. It is explanatory drawing which shows the conveyance and pushing method of a casing tube. It is explanatory drawing which shows the conveyance and excavation method of a hammer grab.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Excavator 11 Base machine 11a Operation part 12 Excavation base seat part 13 Frame 14 Horizontal mount 15 Rail 16 Carriage 17 Excavator 18 Fixed rail (1st rail)
19 Movable rail (second rail)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 Guide groove 21 Actuator 22 Drive source 23 Main support leg 24a Back support leg 24b Front support leg 25 Main body part 26 Pulley part 26a 1st pulley 26b 2nd pulley 27 Traveling wheel 28 Auxiliary wheel 29 Detachable member 30a, 30b Wire 31 Hydraulic cylinder 32 Hammer grab 32a Body portion 32b Shell 32c Fitting portion 33 Casing tube 33a Body portion 33b Cutting edge 34 Tubing portion 37 Winch 41 Chain belt 42 Gear portion 43, 44 Rotating shaft 51 Rack 52 Pinion

Claims (11)

A horizontal gantry having at least a pair of left and right rails that are disposed on a base machine having a drive source and an excavation pedestal through a frame and project forward from the excavation pedestal;
A carriage arranged to be movable along a direction in which the rail extends;
An actuator for horizontally driving the carriage;
An excavator supported by the carriage so as to be lifted and lowered,
A low-headed excavation apparatus characterized in that the excavator is capable of reciprocating between the position where the rail protrudes and the excavation pedestal while the carriage suspends and supports the excavator. . The rail is fixed on the frame and extends in parallel with a pair of left and right first rails, and a pair of left and right second rails mounted in parallel to the first rail and on which the carriage is disposed. The low-headed excavator according to claim 1, wherein the second rail can protrude from the first rail in a horizontal direction. 3. The low-headed excavator according to claim 2, wherein the second rail is arranged to be slidable in a horizontal direction with respect to the first rail. 4. The low-headed excavator according to claim 2, wherein a guide groove that guides the carriage so as to be movable in a horizontal direction is formed in the second rail. 5. The carriage includes a main body portion movably disposed between a pair of left and right second rails extending in parallel, a pulley portion provided at a central portion of the main body portion for supporting the excavator by hanging, 5. The low-headed excavator according to claim 1, further comprising traveling wheels that are provided on the left and right side surfaces of the main body and are fitted in the respective guide grooves provided on the second rail. The low-headed excavator according to claim 1, wherein the actuator is a hydraulic cylinder connected to one end of the carriage. The said actuator is comprised by the gear belt provided in the said carriage, and the chain belt which is provided so that a loop drive is possible along the said 2nd rail, and rotates, engaging with the said gear. Low head drilling rig. The actuator includes a pinion provided on the carriage with a drive mechanism, and a rack that extends along the second rail and that has a plurality of teeth that mesh with the gear. Item 3. The low-headed excavator according to item 1 or 2. The low excavation type excavator according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the excavator is supported by being hung up and down by a wire extending from the base machine via a drive source and a pulley unit. 2. The low-headed excavator according to claim 1, wherein the excavator is at least one of a hammer grab having a shell that can be opened and closed at a distal end and a casing tube having a blade edge at the distal end. The pulley portion includes a first pulley on which a wire connected to the shell of the hammer grab is hung and a pair of wires on which a wire for hanging and supporting the hammer grab or the casing tube is hung in the left-right direction across the first pulley. And a hammer grab or casing tube is driven to move up and down by a wire hanging on the second pulley, the hammer grab shell being opened and closed by a wire hanging on the first pulley. The low-headed excavator according to any one of claims 10 to 10.

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