JP2010013097A - 宇宙航行機用の極低温液体貯蔵システム - Google Patents
宇宙航行機用の極低温液体貯蔵システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010013097A JP2010013097A JP2009159956A JP2009159956A JP2010013097A JP 2010013097 A JP2010013097 A JP 2010013097A JP 2009159956 A JP2009159956 A JP 2009159956A JP 2009159956 A JP2009159956 A JP 2009159956A JP 2010013097 A JP2010013097 A JP 2010013097A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- storage system
- liquid storage
- cryogenic
- cryogenic liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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Abstract
【解決手段】外側ケーシング1Bを有する少なくとも1つのタンク1A及びタンクと外側ケーシングとの間に配置された排気空間を有する。システムは、熱の良導体である材料で作られていて、微小重力中に存在しているときにタンク内の液体を局所化するよう極低温冷凍機11によって冷却される推進剤管理装置14と、タンクが地上に置かれているときに底部のところに存在するタンクの部分内に位置すると共に排気断熱二重壁によって包囲されているフィラーパイプ21と、タンクを外側ケーシングに連結すると共にタンクの直径の半分以上の内部長さを備えるパージパイプ22Aを更に有する。
【選択図】図4
Description
・貯蔵物の乾燥重量パーセント値は、化学的推進方式の場合よりも高いこと。
・タンクとスラスタとの間に高圧弁及びエキスパンダを設ける必要があり、それにより、部品数が増加するので重量が増大すると共に信頼性が低下すること。
・タンクの安全係数は、一般に、非常に低いので、スタッフが、タンクを充填した後、制約なくそこに存在することができないこと。
・密度が高くなり(一立方メートルあたり1200キログラム(kg/m3)〜1600キログラム(kg/m3)に対して、3057キログラム(kg/m3))、それによりタンク容量を小さくすることができるということが示唆される。
・貯蔵圧力を制御してこれをスラスタの供給圧力に一致させることができ、それにより高圧エキスパンダの使用を回避することができる。
・供給圧力に急激な変動が生じない。
・タンク(低圧タンク)の重量は、超臨界状態での貯蔵に必要な重量よりも小さい。
・超臨界タンクを充填するには1日又は2日以上が必要であるが、タンクを迅速に充填することができる。キセノンガス、及び複合材料で作られた壁の両方とも、熱伝導率が低く、その結果、超臨界タンクの充填が早すぎると、キセノンが、準断熱圧縮により過度に加熱される。
・貯蔵状態の液体の密度は、超臨界貯蔵技術を用いた場合よりも高い。
・タンク/エキスパンダ組立体の重量は、超臨界貯蔵技術を用いた場合よりも小さい(というのは、図10の先行技術のシステムの高圧火工弁105及びエキスパンダ106は、液体が低圧で貯蔵されることを条件として、省かれているからである)。
・高圧は存在せず、したがって、打ち上げを準備しているオペレータにとって出入りに関する制約がない。
・タンクは、要件に合った容積を提供するように円筒形断面を追加することによって容易に改造可能である。高圧が存在しないことにより、かかる改造は非常に容易である。タンクの直径を選択することにより、タンクをプラットホームの寸法要件に簡単に合わせることができる。
・或る特定のエキスパンダについては起こり得るスラスタへの供給物の圧力ピークが発生しない。
・スラスタ10への供給圧力を温度の制御によって調整できる。これにより、制御及び流量調整器ユニット9が故障した場合でも動作が劣化したモードで続行可能である。
・熱橋のサイズが小さいので、例えば人工衛星の制御が失われると共にその電源供給が中断した結果として又は打ち上げに先立って地上で待機している間、能動的冷却を数日間停止させることが可能である。
1B 外側ケーシング
9 制御モジュール
10 スラスタ
11 極低温冷凍機
13 締結スカート
14 推進剤管理装置
20 超断熱材料
25 パイプ
26 内側スクリーン
28 蒸発器
29 発熱体
31 冷却ループ
32 放熱器
41 中央管
44 デカップリングベロー
45 極低温ヒートパイプ
Claims (18)
- 宇宙航行機用の極低温液体貯蔵システムであって、少なくとも1つの液体タンク(1A)を有する極低温液体貯蔵システムにおいて、外側ケーシング(1B)と、前記タンク(1A)と前記外側ケーシング(1B)との間に設けられた排気空間と、熱の良導体である材料で作られていて、微小重力中に存在しているときに前記タンク(1A)内の液体を局所化するよう極低温冷凍機(11)によって冷却される推進剤管理装置(14;15)と、前記タンク(1A)が地上に置かれているときに底部のところに存在する前記タンク(1A)の部分内に位置すると共に排気断熱二重壁によって包囲されているフィラーパイプ(21)と、前記タンク(1A)を前記外側ケーシング(1B)に連結すると共に前記タンク(1A)の直径の半分以上の内部長さを備えるパージパイプ(22A)とを有する、
ことを特徴とする極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記極低温液体貯蔵システムは、前記タンク(1A)を前記外側ケーシング(1B)内に保持する手段(12;13)を有し、前記保持手段(12;13)は、熱伝導率が低く、且つ、前記極低温冷凍機(11)によって冷却される前記推進剤管理装置(14;15)に対して30°〜120°だけ角度間隔をおいて位置している、
請求項1記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記推進剤管理装置(14)は、前記タンク(1A)の極軸上に配置され、前記保持手段は、断熱材料で作られていて且つ前記タンク(1A)と前記外側ケーシング(1B)との間で赤道面の付近に設けられた締結スカート(13)を含む、
請求項2記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記推進剤管理装置(15)は、前記極低温冷凍機(11)によって冷却されるリングに固定された2つの切頭円錐体の形態をしていて、前記赤道面の付近に配置され、前記保持手段は、前記タンク(1A)と前記外側ケーシング(1B)との間で極軸上に設けられた機械式締結部材(12)を含む、
請求項2記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記極低温液体貯蔵システムは、前記タンク(1A)と前記外側ケーシング(1B)との間に設けられた超断熱材料(20)を有する、
請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記液体タンク(1A)及び前記外側ケーシング(1B)は、前記宇宙航行機の重心(43)の付近で中央管(41)内に取り付けられている、
請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記極低温液体貯蔵システムは、前記極低温冷凍機(11)と前記外側ケーシング(1B)との間に設けられたデカップリングベロー(44)を有する、
請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記極低温液体貯蔵システムは、前記極低温冷凍機(11)の最も近くに位置する場所で前記タンク(1A)の液体中に浸漬された蒸発器(28)を有し、前記蒸発器(28)は、多孔質材料から成り、前記蒸発器(28)の延長部として、前記外側ケーシング(1B)に連結された小さな断面の管が設けられている、
請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記極低温液体貯蔵システムは、前記タンク(1A)を前記外側ケーシング(1B)に連結しているパイプ(25)を有し、液体蒸発器を形成する内側スクリーン(26)が、前記パイプ(25)内に組み込まれている、
請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 発熱体(29)は、前記蒸発器(28;26)と関連している、
請求項8又は9記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記極低温液体貯蔵システムは、液体取り出し開口部の付近で前記タンク(1A)に組み込まれている低温ヘッドを備えた極低温冷凍機(11)を有し、前記極低温冷凍機(11)は、冷却ループ(31)によって放熱器(32)に連結されている、
請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記極低温液体貯蔵システムは、放熱器(32)に直接取り付けられると共に極低温ヒートパイプ(45)によって前記タンク(1A)に連結された極低温冷凍機(11)を有する、
請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記極低温冷凍機(11)は、スターリング型のものである、
請求項11又は12記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記極低温冷凍機(11)は、パルスガスチューブ型のものである、
請求項11又は12記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記極低温液体貯蔵システムは、前記タンク(1A)内に配置された膨張段及び冷却用放熱器(32)に対してオフセットした状態で設けられた圧縮機を備えるジュール・トムソン型の極低温冷凍機を有する、
請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記タンク(1A)内に貯蔵された極低温液体は、グリッド付きプラズマ又はイオン電気式スラスタに供給されるキセノン、クリプトン、ネオン、又はアルゴンを含む液化不活性ガスである、
請求項1乃至15のいずれか1項に記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記タンク(1A)内に貯蔵されている前記極低温液体は、液体酸素である、
請求項1乃至15のいずれか1項に記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。 - 前記宇宙航行機は、人工衛星、無人自動探測機、居住型宇宙航行機により構成されている、
請求項1乃至17のいずれか1項に記載の極低温液体貯蔵システム。
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- 2008-07-04 FR FR0854569A patent/FR2933475B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2009
- 2009-06-23 US US12/489,733 patent/US8893514B2/en active Active
- 2009-06-29 RU RU2009124423/11A patent/RU2529084C2/ru active
- 2009-06-29 EP EP09164067A patent/EP2143988B1/fr active Active
- 2009-06-29 AT AT09164067T patent/ATE520927T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-07-02 CN CN200910151374.2A patent/CN101619715B/zh active Active
- 2009-07-06 JP JP2009159956A patent/JP5528732B2/ja active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2933475B1 (fr) | 2010-08-27 |
JP5528732B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
US8893514B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
EP2143988B1 (fr) | 2011-08-17 |
RU2529084C2 (ru) | 2014-09-27 |
ATE520927T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
CN101619715B (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
CN101619715A (zh) | 2010-01-06 |
US20100000232A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
RU2009124423A (ru) | 2011-01-10 |
FR2933475A1 (fr) | 2010-01-08 |
EP2143988A1 (fr) | 2010-01-13 |
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