JP2009535121A - 開放創及び閉鎖創脊髄損傷の治療のための方法及び組成物 - Google Patents
開放創及び閉鎖創脊髄損傷の治療のための方法及び組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
生分解性という用語は、埋込み後に、例えば哺乳類といった動物の体によって(通常は徐々に)分解される材料を意味する。
ポリピロールチューブスキャフォールドを、100μAで30分間250μmの直径の白金ワイヤー上に腐食性PPyの電着をすることによって作り出す。図2参照。この後に続けて3Vで5分間逆メッキをすることによって、スキャフォールドの取り外しを可能にする。図3(C及びD)参照。
損傷後2カ月目に調査された損傷後の空洞発達のMRI画像は、PPy治療脊髄に比べて、対照の脊髄に大きな空洞形成を示している。図4参照。
ポリピロールミニチューブスキャフォールドのもたらす結果は、損傷後2週もの早期に運動機能の改善を示した。未治療対照に対比した機能回復量は6週に至るまでの間増加を続ける。図5参照。治療された動物は、体重負担及び機能的足踏みが可能であるが、未治療動物は、後肢機能の大きな低下を示す。磁気共鳴画像では、本明細書に記載された埋込み体で体液充満嚢胞が減少することを示す。図4に示すように、ポリピロールで治療すると、脊髄はより損傷が少なく、嚢胞はほとんど見られない。生分解性及び/又は生体適合性ポリマーは、当技術分野では周知であり、本発明で使用できる。
生体適合性ポリピロールポリマーミニチューブは、ヒトのニューロン幹細胞への高い親和性を明示した。例えば、図3A及び3B参照。in vivo研究では、Sprague−DawleyラットにNYU Impactorを介して、25mmの打撲損傷を与えた。2つの治療群での損傷に続いてすぐに、索髄膜を小さく切って(およそ1〜3mm)切開し、神経外科的減圧術を可能にし、チューブの挿入のための空間を作り出した。スキャフォールド治療群では、埋込み体を索中に挿入し、中心管及び周囲の実質を標的とした。埋込み後に、硬膜を覆い、Duragenコラーゲン基質を使用し、縫合して閉じた組織を上に置いて密閉した。
チューブ様スキャフォールドを、導電性ワイヤー鋳型上にPPyメッキすることによって作製した。この技術は、拡大、縮小をして、いかなる長さ、内径、及び外径のスキャフォールドも製造することができる。さらに、表面の粗さを、電気メッキ温度で制御できる(図2)。鋳型からのスキャフォールドの抜き取りは、食塩溶液中で負電位を印加して行う。負電位は、電気化学的還元を引き起こし、わずかにスキャフォールドの寸法を増加させる。その結果、白金ワイヤー鋳型から最小の印加力で機械的に引き離すことができて、材料に何の損傷ももたらさない。この技術は、得られたいかなるデバイスも埋込みに不適当にしてしまう扱いにくい有機物で内側のワイヤーをエッチングする、以前の方法の改善である。齧歯類でのin vivo試験のために、100μAで40分間、直径250μmの白金ワイヤー上に腐食性PPyを電着することによってPPyチューブスキャフォールドを作り出した。この後に続けて3Vで20秒間逆メッキをすることによって、スキャフォールドの取り外しを可能にする。10から15mmの長さの得られたチューブを、埋込みのために3mmの長さの断片に切り分けた。
マウスNSC(ニューロン幹細胞)を、血清含有培地に保存した。スキャフォールドを、70%エタノール中に24時間浸けて、PBS中で3回すすぎ、37℃の加湿された5%CO2/エアインキュベータ内のオービタル振盪機上で5×105細胞/mlの細胞を用いて接種した。次の日に培地を替えて、埋込み前に埋込み体をさらに4日間培養した。
内側スキャフォールド及び外側スキャフォールドの両方を、ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)(PLGA)(75%、数平均分子量、Mn約40,000)及びポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)−ポリリシン(25%、PLGAブロック、Mn約30,000、ポリリシンブロック、Mn約2000)の50:50の混合物から作製した。約30〜60日の分解速度を達成するためにPLGAを選び、機能性高分子を組み込んで、見込まれる表面改質のための部位を提供した。内側スキャフォールドを、食塩浸出法を使用して以下のように作製した:クロロホルム中のポリマー混合物の5%(wt/vol)溶液を、250〜500μmの粒径範囲を有する食塩に投げ掛け、溶媒を蒸発させておいた。次いで、食塩を水中で溶出させた。指向性の外側スキャフォールドを、次の方法における固−液相分離技術を使用して作製した:ポリマーの5%(wt/vol)溶液を、濾過してエタノール/ドライアイス槽中に2.6×104m/sの速度で降下する、シリコーンチューブ中に注入した。凍結すると、棚温度制御式凍結乾燥機(VirTis)の使用で、ジオキサンは昇華した。それからスキャフォールドを取り外し、トリミングし、組み立てて、使用まで真空デシケータ内に保存した。得られる生成物は、内側スキャフォールドが、例えば幹細胞を接種することができる多孔性ポリマー層によって灰白質を模しており、外側スキャフォールドは、瘢痕組織の内方成長を阻害する一方で、軸索ガイダンス及び放射状有孔性が体液輸送を可能にするように、長い、軸指向の細孔で白質を模している。
ポリピロールスキャフォールドのもたらす結果は、損傷後2週もの早期に運動機能の改善を示した。未治療対照に対比した機能回復量は6週に至るまでの間増加を続ける。図5参照。治療された動物は、体重負担及び機能的足踏みが可能であるが、未治療動物は、後肢機能の大きな低下を示す。図4の磁気共鳴画像では、本明細書に記載された埋込み体で体液充満嚢胞が減少することを示す。図に示すように、ポリピロールミニチューブスキャフォールドで治療すると、脊髄はより損傷が少なく、嚢胞はほとんど見られない。生分解性及び/又は生体適合性ポリマーは、当技術分野では周知であり、本発明で使用できる。
脊髄損傷の研究分野で標準的定量法であるBasso−Beattie−Bresnahan(BBB)評点法を、術後1日及び障害後6週にわたる週毎の時点でのオープンフィールド運動機能を評価するために使用した。SCIを治療するために設定したPLGA二重スキャフォールドがもたらした結果は、傷害後2週もの早期に運動機能機能の改善を示した。図6参照。未治療対照に対比した機能回復量は、8〜10週に至るまでの間増加を続けた。この研究は、第8又は10週の末で終了した。付随研究では、齧歯類を、1年以上の間飼育し、持続的な機能回復並びにこの製品に反応した病変がないことを明示した。ラットの平均寿命は2年なので、「1年超」の研究は、本明細書に記載のスキャフォールドの有効性を明示する。
同じ側に負傷した4つの群に対するBBBオープンフィールド歩行スコア。図9参照。後肢を独立に評価して、非対称の程度を測定した。スキャフォールドを加えた細胞群に対する改善率は、細胞のみ(P<0.001)及び傷害対象群(P<0.004;二元配置反復測定ANOVA)に対する率よりも有意に大きかった。加えて、SCI損傷後14日からの全ての時点での傷害対照群(p<0.05)(p<0.05)、及び損傷後21、35及び42日での細胞のみ群(p<0.05)と比較して、スキャフォールドのみ治療群は、オープンフィールド運動機能において有意の改善を示した(ANOVA、Bonferroni多重比較(post hoc)分析)。
マウス及びヒトNSC(ニューロン幹細胞)を、血清含有培地に保存した。スキャフォールドを、70%エタノール中に24時間浸けて、PBS中で3回すすぎ、37℃の加湿された5%CO2/エアインキュベータ内のオービタル振盪機上で5×105細胞/mlの細胞を用いて接種した。次の日に培地を替えて、埋込み前に埋込み体をさらに4日間培養した。
通常の病理組織学的分析を、脊髄組織に実施して、傷害の規模、二次損傷事象、及び治癒過程の変化を測定した。光顕画像は、損傷領域が我々の埋込み体治療で有意に減少したことを証明した。ポリマーと幹細胞の両方によって、及びポリマーのみによっても妨げられる病変であるアストログリオーシス(astrogliosis)の減少で示されるように、瘢痕の軽減も示す脊髄は、より損傷が少なく、ポリピロールで治療されると、嚢胞がほとんど見られない。
同じ型の損傷を受けた後の機能回復のレベルは、図9で明示されたように、ヒトNSCを接種されたPLGAポリマーの治療によってさらに向上する。治療された動物の100%が、体重負担及び機能的足踏みを可能にしていた。図(図9)に示すように、治療された動物の50%が、歩行中の、調和的足底足踏み(Consistent plantar stepping)及び調和的FL−HL連係(Consistent FL−HL coordination)の厳格な基準を満たし、前肢が進む間に爪先隙間(Toe clearance)が頻繁に現れ、16又はそれより高いBBBスコアに対応して、優越的前足姿勢(predomonant paw position)が最初の接触では平行であり、持ち上げ時に回転する。未治療対照動物はどれも、この高い回復基準に達せず、むしろ後肢の大きな機能低下を示した。
単一スキャフォールドを、ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)(PLGA)(75%、数平均分子量、Mn約40,000)及びポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)−ポリリシン(25%、PLGAブロック、Mn約30,000、ポリリシンブロック、Mn約2000)のブロックコポリマーの50:50の混合物から作製した。約30〜60日の分解速度を達成するためにPLGAを選び、機能性高分子を組み込んで、見込まれる表面改質のための部位を提供した。単一スキャフォールドを、食塩浸出法を使用して以下のように作製した:クロロホルム中のポリマー混合物の5%(wt/vol)溶液を、250〜500μmの粒径範囲を有する食塩に投げ掛け、溶媒を蒸発させておいた。次いで、食塩を水中で溶出させた。製品は、単一多孔性ポリマー層で、例えば幹細胞を接種することができる。
脊髄組織の病理学、組織学、及び免疫細胞化学の分析(傷害中心部の2mm吻側にあるグリア細胞のGFAP及びDAPI染色を介して)で、PLGAスキャフォールドのみ及び特にヒト神経幹細胞を接種されたPLGAスキャフォールドが、損傷領域における瘢痕形成を顕著に縮小させることが明らかになった。脊髄組織において傷害中心部の2mm吻側にある浸潤された多形核白血球(PNL)のライト染色は、PLGAスキャフォールドのみ及び特にヒト神経幹細胞を接種されたPLGAスキャフォールドが、主要なiNOs(誘導型一酸化窒素シンターゼ)担体であるPNLの脊髄への浸潤を顕著に妨げたことを示している。
外科的処置及び動物の介護。50匹の成熟した雌のSprague−Dawleyラットを使用した。動物を4%抱水クロラール溶液(360mg/kg、腹腔内)で麻酔した。解剖顕微鏡を使用して、第9〜第10胸部脊椎骨(T9〜T10)に椎弓切除術を施し、続いて11号手術用メスで索の正中線に沿って4mmの長さの縦方向の切り口を開けて、T9〜T10レベルでの側面片側切除を行い、続いて吻端及び尾端で横に切り込みを入れて組織を吸引除去した。脊柱管の腹側表面に沿って、手術用メスを繰り返しこすりつけ、続いて吸引して傷害部位に残るどんな線維も除去した。ゲル泡が誘発する鬱血が現れた後、第三者的オブザーバーが、盲検法で傷害の長さ及び幅の妥当性を確認した。傷害に施されるべき治療(予め準備されていた)について執刀者に情報が与えられたのは、この時だけであった。傷害は、全ての実験群及び実験動物にわたって同様であると推測的に確認された。NSCを接種したスキャフォールドの挿入(「細胞を加えたスキャフォールド」、n=13)からなる完全治療か、又は以下の3つの対照治療の1つのどれかが実施された:(a)NSC無しのポリマー埋込み体(「スキャフォールドのみ」、n=11);培地に懸濁されたNSC(「細胞のみ」、n=12);又は(c)片側切断のみ(「傷害対照」、n=12)。手術を、乱塊法計画で実施した。埋込み体に加えて対照のための手術を同日に実施して研究の間の何らかの手術技術の向上に起因する群間の差異を最小化し、日毎に順番を変えて手術上の偏りを低減した。片側切除は、右側と左側の間で変えてさらに偏りを低減した。完全又は対照治療のどちらかに続いて、筋系を縫合し、皮膚を閉じ、動物は加温パッド上の清潔な飼育カゴ内で回復させた。ラクトリンゲル液(10ml)を毎日術後7日間与え、排尿反射機能が確立するまで膀胱から毎日2回排便させた。
図8で、a.「傷害のみ」(上列)及び「高投与量hNSCを伴うスキャフォールド」(下列)における動物オープンフィールド歩行の静止画像のモンタージュ。b.傷害側BBBオープンフィールド歩行スコア。単一スキャフォールドに接種されたhNSCで治療された群の絶対スコア(即ち、平均16〜17)は、「hNSCのみ」群(平均BBBスコア9;正規投与量に対してP=0.004、高投与量に対してP<0.001)、「スキャフォールドのみ」群(正規投与量に対してP=0.004、高投与量に対してP=0.001)、及び「傷害のみ」群(正規投与量に対してP<0.001、高投与量に対してP=0.001、ANOVA、Bonferroni多重比較(post hoc)分析)よりも有意に高い。スキャフォールドのみ群は多孔単一層設計のPLGAポリマーを受け入れていた。改善率も、hNSC接種スキャフォールド群で、「hNSCのみ」群(正規投与量に対してP=0.004、高投与量に対してP<0.001、二元配置反復測定ANOVA)、スキャフォールド群(正規投与量に対してP=0.004、高投与量に対してP<0.001)、及び「傷害のみ」群(正規投与量に対してP=0.004、高投与量に対してP<0.001)より有意に大きい値を示している。c.傾斜板試験。俯けになった時に、hNSC+スキャフォールド治療のラットは、有意により高い角度に設定された傾斜板上でその体を安定させることができた(Kruskal−Wallis試験、P<0.001)。パラメトリック分析及びノンパラメトリック分析は、両方とも同様の結果を明示している。d.痛覚逃避反射スコア。左に曲がったパネルは、各群で正常な応答に相当する2得点の動物の百分率である。右のパネルは、各群で過活動応答を表す3得点の動物の百分率である。単一スキャフォールドに接種されたhNSCを受け入れた群が、hNSC投与量と相互関連する、有意に改善された後肢の反射を示したことを、この2つのパネルが一致して表している(ピアソンの独立性に関するカイ二乗検定)。e.各群で正常な正向反射を明示する動物の百分率。単一スキャフォールドに接種されたhNSCを受け入れた群は、正向反射を回復したラットの百分率が、他の群に比べて有意により高かった(ピアソンのχ2検定)。
Claims (45)
- 動物における脊髄圧迫損傷を治療するのに適した、生分解性及び/又は生体吸収性の導電性管状物品。
- 導電性管状物品が、ポリピロールポリマー、ポリアニリン、ポリアセチリン、ポリ−p−フェニレン、ポリ−p−フェニレン−ビニレン、ポリチオフェン、及びヘモシンからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 導電性管状物品がポリピロールである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 約0.1ミクロンと10ミリメートルの間の全径を有する、請求項1に記載のポリマー管状物品。
- 約50と175ミクロンの間の全径を有する、請求項4に記載のポリマー管状物品。
- 物品上に付着した1種又は複数の薬剤を含む、請求項1に記載のポリマー管状物品。
- ポリマーが、グリコリド、ラクチド、ジオキサノン、カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、エチレングリコール、及びリシンからなる群から選択されるモノマーを含む、請求項1に記載のポリマー管状物品。
- ポリマーが、生分解性及び/又は生体吸収性直鎖脂肪族ポリエステルを含む、請求項1に記載のポリマー管状物品。
- 直鎖脂肪族ポリエステルが、ポリグリコリド又はポリ(グリコリド−co−ラクチド)コポリマーである、請求項8に記載のポリマー管状物品。
- 前記圧迫損傷より長い、請求項1に記載のポリマー管状物品。
- 前記損傷の長さよりおよそ1.5倍長い、請求項10に記載のポリマー管状物品。
- 生分解性及び/又は生体吸収性ポリマー中空チューブを動物における標的圧迫損傷部位に埋め込むことを含む、圧迫脊髄損傷を治療するための方法。
- 動物を脊髄減圧手術で治療することをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 脊髄減圧手術に引き続いて前記チューブを挿入する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記チューブが導電性ポリマーから構成される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーがポリピロールである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記チューブに少なくとも1種の薬剤が接種されている、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種の薬剤を前記チューブの内側表面上に含有する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種の薬剤が幹細胞を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 幹細胞が、ニューロン幹細胞及び間葉系幹細胞からなる群から選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)を含む、成形可能な生体適合性材料の単一スキャフォールドから実質的になる、患者の脊髄内に埋め込むためのデバイス。
- 導電性ポリマーを含む、成形可能な生体適合性材料の単一スキャフォールドからなる、患者の脊髄内に埋め込むのに適した医療用物品。
- 前記電導ポリマーが、ポリピロールポリマー、ポリアニリン、ポリアセチリン、ポリ−p−フェニレン、ポリ−p−フェニレン−ビニレン、ポリチオフェン、及びヘモシンからなる群から選択される、請求項22に記載の医療用物品。
- ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)が75%ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)であり、その平均分子量がMn約40,000である、請求項21に記載の医療用物品。
- 約30と60日の間の分解速度を有する、請求項21又は22に記載の医療用物品。
- 成形可能な生体適合性材料と結合した幹細胞をさらに含む、請求項21又は22に記載の医療用物品。
- 幹細胞が、ニューロン幹細胞及び間葉系幹細胞からなる群から選択される、請求項26に記載の医療用物品。
- 幹細胞がヒトの幹細胞である、請求項27に記載の医療用物品。
- (a)ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)を含む単一スキャフォールド物品から本質的になる、ポリマー生体適合性材料を成形すること、及び(b)生体適合性材料で傷害領域を埋めることを含む、開放創脊髄損傷を治療するための方法。
- (a)導電性ポリマーを含む単一スキャフォールド物品から本質的になる、ポリマー生体適合性材料を成形すること、及び(b)生体適合性材料で傷害領域を埋めることを含む、開放創脊髄損傷を治療するための方法。
- ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)が75%ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)であり、その平均分子量がMn約40,000である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- ポリマー生体適合性材料が、約30と60日の間の分解速度を有する、請求項29又は30に記載の方法。
- 単一スキャフォールドが、ポリマー生体適合性材料と結合した幹細胞をさらに含む、請求項29又は30に記載の方法。
- 幹細胞が、ニューロン幹細胞及び間葉系幹細胞からなる群から選択される、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 1つ又は複数の容器に、1つ又は複数のポリマースキャフォールド、1つ又は複数の人工硬膜の断片、トリミング用具、及びその使用説明書を含む、脊髄損傷を治療するためのキット。
- 1つ又は複数のポリマースキャフォールドが、(1)ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)及び(2)ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)−ポリリシンのブロックコポリマーの50:50混合物を含む、請求項35に記載のキット。
- 1つ又は複数のポリマースキャフォールドが、ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)を含む、請求項35に記載のキット。
- (1)ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)が75%ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)であり、その平均分子量がMn約40,000である、請求項36に記載のキット。
- (2)ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)−ポリリシンのブロックコポリマーが25%ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)−ポリリシンコポリマーであり、ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)ブロックの平均分子量がMn約30,000であり、ポリリシンブロックの平均分子量がMn約2,000である、請求項36に記載のキット。
- 1つ又は複数のポリマースキャフォールドが導電性ポリマーである、請求項35に記載のキット。
- 導電性ポリマーが、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン、ポリアセチリン、ポリ−p−フェニレン、ポリ−p−フェニレン−ビニレン、ポリチオフェン、及びヘモシンからなる群から選択される、請求項40に記載のキット。
- 導電性ポリマーがポリピロールである、請求項41に記載のキット。
- 1つ又は複数のスキャフォールドが、約30と60日の間の分解速度を有する、請求項35に記載のキット。
- 1つ又は複数のスキャフォールドが、物品上に付着した1種又は複数の薬剤を含む、請求項35に記載のキット。
- 1種又は複数の薬剤が幹細胞を含む、請求項44に記載のキット。
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JP7289466B2 (ja) | 2019-03-07 | 2023-06-12 | テレア バイオテク エス.アール.エル. | 生体適合性組織を再活性化するための作製方法 |
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |