JP2009534370A - 新規抗菌化合物 - Google Patents
新規抗菌化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009534370A JP2009534370A JP2009506001A JP2009506001A JP2009534370A JP 2009534370 A JP2009534370 A JP 2009534370A JP 2009506001 A JP2009506001 A JP 2009506001A JP 2009506001 A JP2009506001 A JP 2009506001A JP 2009534370 A JP2009534370 A JP 2009534370A
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- alkyl
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- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
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Abstract
【化1】
の新規精製化合物PM181104に関する。本発明は、化合物PM181104の全ての立体異性体及び全ての互変異性体、並びに薬学的に許容される塩及びエステルやエーテルなどの誘導体を含む。本発明はさらに、前記新規抗菌化合物の製造方法、コクリア属(ZMA B−1/ MTCC 5269)に属する微生物の製造、有効成分として前記新規化合物を含有する医薬組成物、並びに細菌感染により引き起こされる疾病の治療及び予防用薬剤における前記化合物の使用に関する。
Description
海洋源からの培養物番号ZMA B−1の分離
a)分離培地の組成
ゾーベルマリンブロス(Zobell Marine Broth)2216(1.5%寒天で寒天化)
動物組織のペプシン消化物5.0g、酵母エキス1.0g、クエン酸鉄(III)0.1g、塩化ナトリウム19.45g、塩化マグネシウム8.8g、硫酸ナトリウム3.24g、塩化カルシウム1.8g、塩化カリウム0.55g、重炭酸ナトリウム0.16g、臭化カリウム80.0mg、塩化ストロンチウム34.0mg、ホウ酸22.0mg、ケイ酸ナトリウム4.0mg、フッ素酸ナトリウム(sodium fluorate)2.4mg、硝酸アンモニウム1.6mg、リン酸二ナトリウム8.0mg、寒天末15.0g。再蒸留水1.0L、最終pH(25℃)7.4〜7.8。
海綿試料、Spirastrella inconstans var.digitata (Dendy)は、スキューバダイビングで3メートルの深さからインドのタミールナドゥ海岸ポークベイから採取した。海綿試料を無菌海水ですすぎ、直ちに無菌ポリエテン容器に移した。容器を−20℃で保存し、詳細検討のため、0℃未満の温度を維持して実験室に運んだ。実験室に到着するとすぐに、海綿試料を0℃未満で保存し、その後培養物の分離の直前に室温(25±2℃)で解凍した。海綿試料を2×2cm片に無菌的に切断し、25mLの殺菌された試験管中の無菌海水5mLの中に懸濁した。試験管を30秒間攪拌し、海水を排出し、新しい海水を加えた。同様の工程を3度繰り返した。最後に海水を排出し、海綿片を上述の分離培地[ゾーベルマリンブロス(Zobell Marine Broth)2216(1.5%寒天により寒天化)、HiMedia]を含むペトリ皿上に置いた。ペトリ皿中で成長が観察されるまで、ペトリ皿を室温(25±2℃)で培養した。ペトリ皿上で成長したコロニーをコロニーの特徴に基づき分離し、上述の分離培地[ゾーベルマリンブロス(Zobell Marine Broth)2216(1.5%寒天により寒天化)、HiMedia)を含むペトリ皿上に線画した。純粋な培養物番号ZMA B−1が得られるまで分離株を繰り返し二次培養した。このようにして、培養物番号ZMA B−1を成長している微生物の中から単一の分離株として分離した。
培養物番号ZMAB−1の精製
a)分離培地の組成
ゾーベルマリンブロス(Zobell Marine Broth)2216(1.5%寒天により寒天化)
ペプトン5.0g、酵母エキス1.0g、クエン酸鉄(III)0.1g、塩化ナトリウム19.45g、塩化マグネシウム8.8g、硫酸ナトリウム3.24g、塩化カルシウム1.8g、塩化カリウム0.55g、重炭酸ナトリウム0.16g、臭化カリウム0.08g、塩化ストロンチウム34.0mg、ホウ酸22.0mg、ケイ酸ナトリウム4.0mg、フッ素酸ナトリウム(sodium fluorate)2.4mg、硝酸アンモニウム1.6mg、リン酸二ナトリウム8.0mg、寒天15.0g、脱塩水1.0L、pH7.4〜7.8。
培養物は直径15mmのペトリ皿中のゾーベルマリンブロス(Zobell Marine Broth)2216(1.5%寒天により寒天化)上で得られた。ペトリ皿上の増殖物を傾斜ゾーベルマリンブロス(Zobell Marine Broth)2216(1.5%寒天により寒天化)上に線画した。この斜面培地を25℃で2日間培養した。斜面培地の上部からの単一コロニーの1つを新しい斜面培地に移した。この斜面培地を25℃で2日間培養した。次に、斜面培地を、抗感染性の一次スクリーニングのため、振とうフラスコ発酵に使用した。
産生株(培養物番号ZMA B−1)の維持
a)培地(ゾーベルマリンブロス(Zobell Marine Broth)2216)の組成
ペプトン5.0g、酵母エキス1.0g、クエン酸鉄(III)0.1g、塩化ナトリウム19.45g、塩化マグネシウム8.8g、硫酸ナトリウム3.24g、塩化カルシウム1.8g、塩化カリウム0.55g、重炭酸ナトリウム0.16g、臭化カリウム0.08g、塩化ストロンチウム34.0mg、ホウ酸22.0mg、ケイ酸ナトリウム4.0mg、フッ素酸ナトリウム(sodium fluorate)2.4mg、硝酸アンモニウム1.6mg、リン酸二ナトリウム8.0mg、寒天15.0g、脱塩水1.0L、pH7.4〜7.8。
振とうフラスコ中の培養物番号ZMA B−1の発酵
a)シード培地(ゾーベルマリンブロス(Zobell Marine Broth)2216)の組成
ペプトン5.0g、酵母エキス1.0g、クエン酸鉄(III)0.1g、塩化ナトリウム19.45g、塩化マグネシウム8.8g、硫酸ナトリウム3.24g、塩化カルシウム1.8g、塩化カリウム0.55g、重炭酸ナトリウム0.16g、臭化カリウム0.08g、塩化ストロンチウム34.0mg、ホウ酸22.0mg、ケイ酸ナトリウム4.0mg、フッ素酸ナトリウム(sodium fluorate)2.4mg、硝酸アンモニウム1.6mg、リン酸二ナトリウム8.0mg、脱塩水1.0L、pH7.4〜7.8。
ペプトン5.0g、酵母エキス1.0g、クエン酸鉄(III)0.1g、塩化ナトリウム19.45g、塩化マグネシウム8.8g、硫酸ナトリウム3.24g、塩化カルシウム1.8g、塩化カリウム0.55g、重炭酸ナトリウム0.16g、臭化カリウム0.08g、塩化ストロンチウム34.0mg、ホウ酸22.0mg、ケイ酸ナトリウム4.0mg、フッ素酸ナトリウム(sodium fluorate)2.4mg、硝酸アンモニウム1.6mg、リン酸二ナトリウム8.0mg、脱塩水1.0L、pH7.4〜7.8。
温度:29〜30℃、撹拌:230〜250rpm、集菌時間:48〜72時間
発酵用振とうフラスコでの種培養の調製
a)培地の組成
ペプトン5.0g、酵母エキス1.0g、クエン酸鉄(III)0.1g、塩化ナトリウム19.45g、塩化マグネシウム8.8g、硫酸ナトリウム3.24g、塩化カルシウム1.8g、塩化カリウム0.55g、重炭酸ナトリウム0.16g、臭化カリウム0.08g、塩化ストロンチウム34.0mg、ホウ酸22.0mg、ケイ酸ナトリウム4.0mg、フッ素酸ナトリウム(sodium fluorate)2.4mg、硝酸アンモニウム1.6mg、リン酸二ナトリウム8.0mg、脱塩水1.0L、pH7.4〜7.8。
発酵槽での培養物番号ZMA B−1の培養
a)生産培地の組成
グルコース50.0g、酵母エキス11.0g、ペプトン4.0g、牛肉エキス4.0g、炭酸カルシウム5g、塩化ナトリウム2.5g、脱塩水1L、pH7.6(殺菌前)。
温度:30〜32℃、撹拌:100rpm、通気:150lpm、集菌時間:44〜66時間
化合物PM181104の分離及び精製
実施例6の全培養液(240L)を採取し、酢酸エチル(240L)を用いてガラス容器中で撹拌することにより抽出した。有機層をディスクスタックセパレータ(アルファラバル株式会社、型番LAPX404)を用いて分離し、濃縮して粗抽出物(296g)を得た。得られた粗材料を石油エーテル(3×1L)を用いて30分間撹拌及び超音波処理し、ろ過して不溶残渣(38g)を得、これを以下方法を用いて真空液体クロマトグラフィーにより分画した。
溶離剤:アセトニトリル:水(56:44)
流量:50ml/分
検出(UV):220nm
保持時間:12〜14分
外観:白色非晶質固体
融点:>300℃(分解)
溶解度:メタノール、DMSO
HPLC:Rt5.61分
カラム:クロマシルC18(5μ、150×4.6mmI.D.)(カラム温度40℃)
移動相:アセトニトリル:水(1:1)
注入量:10μl(移動相中で0.1mg/mlの濃度)
流量:1ml/分
検出:220nm
HR-ESI(+)MS m/z:1515.3733(M+H)
分子式:C69H66N18O13S5
分子量:1514
UV(MeOH):205.2、220.6及び306.2nm(図1参照)
IR(KBr):3368、2981、1654、1516、1429、1314、1199、1269、1074、1034、805、580cm−1(図2参照)
1HNMR:表1及び図3参照
13CNMR:表2及び図4参照
インビトロアッセイ
実施例8
インビトロでの効力は、米国臨床研究所規格委員会(2000)のガイドライン[抗菌剤化学療法ジャーナル(Journal of Anti−microbial Chemotherapy)、50、2002年、p.125〜128(クロスリファレンス8:好気的に増殖する細菌に対する希釈抗菌物質感受性試験法(Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically)、第5版:承認規格(Approved Standard)M7−A5、NCCLS、ウェイン、PA、USA))によるマクロブロス希釈法を用いた菌株に対する化合物PM181104の最小阻止濃度(MIC)測定により確定した。特に明記しない限り、ミュラーヒントン培養液をアッセイの培養液として使用した。リネゾリド(グレンマーク製薬製、バッチ番号K2005028)を全インビトロ実験におけるの公知の標準物として使用した。保存溶液の調製のため、化合物PM181104をクロロホルム(全必要容量の5%)に溶解し、メタノール(全必要容量の95%)を用いて希釈した。
得られた結果を下記表3に示す。この結果は、化合物PM181104が細菌感染の治療に有用性を有することを示す。
S:ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus)
E:腸球菌(Enterococci)
B:バチルス菌(Bacillus)
インビボでの効力は、雄又は雌いずれかのBalb/Cマウスを用いた3つの動物モデルにおける、抗生物質活性についての化合物PM181104の感染防御量(PD)測定により確定した。使用したモデルは汎用有効性試験モデル及び臓器/組織特異的有効性試験モデルであった。使用した汎用有効性試験モデルは、全身感染モデル(敗血症)及び局所感染モデル(好中球減少性大腿部モデル)であった。使用した有効性試験用臓器/組織特異的感染モデルは、腎臓、肺感染症及び皮膚膿瘍モデルであった。
全身感染モデル
メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)E710(MRSA)を一晩成長させ生理食塩液(0.85%塩化ナトリウム)に懸濁した培養物を、〜108から109cfuで前記動物に腹腔内感染させた。実施例14に記載のように、クレモホール−エタノール製剤でPM181104溶液を調製した。該溶液を感染直後に5mg、2.5mg及び1.25mg/kgの投与量で静脈内投与した。各実験群は10匹の動物で構成された。敗血症モデルに対するPM181104のPD100は、標準抗生物質であるリネゾリド(グレンマーク製薬製、バッチ番号K2005028)のPD100が25mg/kgを示すのに対して、5mg/kgであると測定された。
好中球減少性大腿部モデル
黄色ブドウ球菌(S.aureus)E−710感染の96時間及び24時間前にマウスをシクロホスファミド(それぞれ150mg及び100mg/kg)で好中球減少症にした。前記動物に、黄色ブドウ球菌(S.aureus)E710を一晩成長させ生理食塩水(0.85%塩化ナトリウム)に懸濁した培養物を、〜107cfuで大腿部に筋肉内感染させた。各実験群は6匹の動物で構成された。実施例14に記載のように、クレモホール−エタノール製剤でPM181104溶液を調製した。溶液を感染2時間後に5mg/kgの投与量で静脈内投与した。前記動物を様々な時点で屠殺し、大腿組織を採取して生菌数を測定した。6時間後時点において、5mg/kgの投与量のPM181104では、ほぼ1logの減少が観察され、これは25mg/kgの投与量の標準抗生物質、すなわち、リネゾリド(グレンマーク製薬製、バッチ番号K2005028)と同等であった。
腎臓感染モデル
0.2mlの2%λカラギーナンを感染の7日前にBalb/Cマウスに静脈内投与した。一晩成長させたエンテロコッカスフェシウム(Enterococcus faecium)ATCC47077の対数期培養物を約109cfu/mlに調整し、0.2mlの容量でマウスに静脈内注射した。実施例14に記載のように、クレモホール−エタノール製剤で調製したPM181104溶液を、感染の4時間、24時間及び48時間後にマウスに静脈内投与した。感染の72時間後に動物を屠殺し、腎臓を採取して細菌負荷を測定した。5mg/kgの投与量のPM181104では、ほぼ1logの細菌数の減少が観察され、これは標準抗生物質、すなわち、5mg/kgの投与量のリネゾリド(グレンマーク製薬製、バッチ番号K2005028)及び150mg/kgの投与量の塩酸バンコマイシン(HiMedia製、カタログ番号RM217−500mg、ロット番号06−0350)と同等であった。
肺感染モデル
感染の4日前及び2日前に200mg/kgのシクロホスファミドを腹腔内投与することにより、Balb/Cマウスを好中球減少症にした。感染当日にマウスを麻酔し、ほぼ106〜107cfu/mlの細菌密度を有する黄色ブドウ球菌(S.aureus)E−710対数期培養物懸濁液で感染させた。感染の24時間後及び36時間後に、第1と第2それぞれの投与量の薬物を静脈内投与した。感染の48時間後に動物を人道的に安楽死させ、その肺を無菌的に採取して生菌数を測定した。このモデルでは、実施例14に記載のように、クレモホール−エタノール製剤で調製したPM181104を5mg/kgの投与量で試験した。2つの標準抗生物質、すなわちリネゾリド(80mg/kg、感染の24時間後に単回投与)及びバンコマイシン(110mg/kg、感染の24時間後及び48時間後に2回投与)を陽性対照として使用した。PM181104はリネゾリド(グレンマーク製薬製、バッチ番号:K2005028)標準物と同等の静菌作用を示した。塩酸バンコマイシン(HiMedia製、カタログ番号RM217−500mg、ロット番号06−0350)標準物は殺菌性を示した。PM181104で処置された動物の肺の細菌数は、未処置の対照動物の肺の細菌数と比較して、ほぼ2logの差があった。
皮膚膿瘍モデル
一晩成長させたメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(S.aureus)E710(MRSA)の培養物約108cfuを、Balb/Cマウスに皮下感染させた。この細菌は、2%サイトデックスビーズと生理食塩水(0.85%塩化ナトリウム)の1:1混合物に懸濁していた。実施例14に記載のように、クレモホール−エタノール製剤でPM181104溶液を調製した。この溶液を2.5mg、5mg及び10mg/kgの投与量で感染の2時間後に静脈内投与した。各実験群は6匹の動物で構成された。膿瘍形成後、動物を屠殺し、膿瘍を採取して生菌数を測定した。5mg/kgの投与量のPM181104では、ほぼ1logの細菌数の減少が観察され、これは50mg/kgの投与量の標準抗生物質、すなわち、リネゾリド(グレンマーク製薬製、バッチ番号K2005028)と同等であった。
実施例14
注射製剤を次の一般的な方法により調製した。
エタノール及びクレモホールELを1:1の割合(重量で)で混合した。これにPM181104を加えて撹拌した。この混合物を25℃で超音波処理した。この混合物(これを10%の構成要素と考える)を水(90%)を加えて希釈し、撹拌して注射製剤を得た。
実施例15
PM181104の酪酸エステル誘導体
ジクロロメタン(2ml)に溶解したPM181104(0.13g、0.085mmol)の溶液に、酪酸(0.008μl、0.085mmol)、DCC(0.018g、0.085mmol)及び触媒量のDMAP(0.002g、0.016mmol)を添加し、この反応混合物を窒素雰囲気下で18時間撹拌した。反応混合物に冷水を添加し、有機層を分離した。水層をジクロロメタン(3×50ml)で抽出し、有機抽出物を貯留し、水洗(2×30ml)した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濃縮した。カラムクロマトグラフィー[シリカゲル(60〜120メッシュ)、クロロホルム中4%メタノール)を用いて粗生成物を精製し、表題化合物を白色固形物として得た。収率:0.11g(81%)、MS m/z(ESI):1585(M+H)、
PM181104の酪酸エステル誘導体は、エンテロコッカスフェシウム(E.faecium)R−2(VRE)菌株に対して、2.5μg/mlのMIC値を示した。
PM181104のステアリン酸エステル誘導体
ジクロロメタン(2ml)に溶解したPM181104(0.12g、0.079mmol)の溶液に、ステアリン酸(0.022μl、0.079mmol)、DCC(0.016g、0.079mmol)及び触媒量のDMAP(0.002g、0.016mmol)を添加し、この反応混合物を窒素雰囲気下で6時間撹拌した。反応混合物に冷水を添加し、有機層を分離した。水層をジクロロメタン(3×50ml)で抽出し、有機抽出物を貯留し、水洗(2×30ml)した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濃縮した。カラムクロマトグラフィー[シリカゲル(60−120メッシュ)、クロロホルム中4%メタノール]を用いて粗生成物を精製し、表題化合物を白色固形物として得た。収率:0.1g(71%)、MS m/z(ESI):1781(M+H)。
PM181104のニコチン酸エステル誘導体
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(1ml)に溶解したPM181104(0.02g、0.013mmol)の溶液に、ニコチン酸(0.008g、0.065mmol)、DCC(0.014g、0.065mmol)及び触媒量のDMAP(0.0008g、0.0065mmol)を添加し、この反応混合物を窒素雰囲気下で18時間撹拌した。溶媒を除去し、残渣に10mlのジクロロメタンを添加した。不溶解尿素をろ過し、ろ液を水洗(2×10ml)した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濃縮乾固した。カラムクロマトグラフィー[C−18逆相カラム(Eurosphere、20nm)、水中55%アセトニトリル]により粗生成物を精製し、表題化合物を白色固形物として得た。収率:0.011g(56%)、MS m/z(ESI):1621(M+H)。
図2は、PM181104の赤外線吸収(IR)スペクトルを示す。
図3は、DMSO−d6におけるPM181104の1H−NMRスペクトル(500MHz)を示す。
図4は、DMSO−d6におけるPM181104の13C−NMRスペクトル(125MHz)を示す。
Claims (22)
- 前記式Iの化合物において、RがHである請求項1に記載の新規化合物PM181104、或いは、その立体異性体又は互変異性体又は薬学的に許容される塩。
- コクリア属(ZMA B−1/ MTCC 5269)に属する微生物の発酵培養液から分離され、
(a)分子量1514、
(b)分子式C69H66N18O13S5、
(c)図1に示されるUVスペクトル、
(d)図2に示されるIRスペクトル、
(e)図3に示される1H NMRスペクトル、
(f)図4に示される13C NMRスペクトル、
で特徴付けられる、抗菌活性を有する請求項2に記載の新規化合物PM181104、或いは、その立体異性体又は互変異性体。 - (a)炭素及び窒素源を含有する栄養培地中、好気的湛水条件下でコクリア属(ZMA B−1/ MTCC 5269)の微生物或いはその変異体又は変異形の一つを培養して、化合物PM181104を生成させる工程と、
(b)前記培養液から化合物PM181104を分離する工程と、
(c)前記化合物PM181104を精製する工程と
を含む、請求項2又は3に記載の化合物PM181104の製造方法。 - 化合物PM181104をその薬学的に許容される塩に変換する工程をさらに含む請求項4に記載の方法。
- 化合物PM181104と、RCOOHの式で表される酸(式中、Rは、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール又はヘテロシクリルである。)とを反応させて、Rがアルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール又はヘテロシクリルである請求項1に記載の式Iの新規化合物を得る工程
をさらに含む請求項4に記載の方法。 - 有効量の請求項1に記載の化合物と、少なくとも1種の薬学的に許容される賦形剤又は添加剤又は助剤とを含む医薬組成物。
- 錠剤、コーティング錠、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、クリーム剤、軟膏剤、ゲル剤、乳剤、懸濁剤又は注射液の形態である請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 細菌感染の治療に適用される請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記細菌感染がブドウ球菌、連鎖球菌、腸球菌又はバチルス菌属に属する細菌により引き起こされる請求項10に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記細菌がブドウ球菌又は腸球菌属に属する請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ブドウ球菌属に属する細菌がメチシリン耐性である請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ブドウ球菌属に属する細菌がバンコマイシン耐性である請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腸球菌属に属する細菌がバンコマイシン耐性である請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 治療を必要とする哺乳動物に有効量の請求項1に記載の化合物を投与する工程を含む細菌感染の治療方法。
- 前記細菌感染がブドウ球菌、連鎖球菌、腸球菌及びバチルス菌属に属する細菌により引き起こされる請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記細菌感染がブドウ球菌又は腸球菌属に属する細菌によって引き起こされる請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記ブドウ球菌属に属する細菌がメチシリン耐性である請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記ブドウ球菌属に属する細菌がバンコマイシン耐性である請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記腸球菌属に属する細菌がバンコマイシン耐性である請求項18に記載の方法。
- 細菌感染治療用薬剤の製造のための請求項1に記載の化合物の使用。
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LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |