JP2009533043A - 機能的に選択されたctl細胞およびnk細胞の診断的および治療的応用 - Google Patents
機能的に選択されたctl細胞およびnk細胞の診断的および治療的応用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
1. 腫瘍特異的ペプチドが知られているケースでは、腫瘍特異的CTLの集団の事前選択が可能であることが知られており、既に治療手順(11)に記載されている。
2. 腫瘍細胞特異的CTLは、ほとんどのケースでは、ほぼ1/1,000〜1/10,000の程度で患者内に存在することが知られている(12)。
3. 腫瘍特異的CTLをその中で特定できるCTLの集団を、免疫学的技法によって分離することが可能である(13)。
4. 単一CTLは、続く生化学分析に利用できる均一集団を発生させるために、in-vitroで増加させることができ(14)、腫瘍の免疫療法のためにもし十分に増加されたならば、それらは、悪性の細胞に対して特異的に維持されるはずである(15)。
5. 標的細胞の溶解を誘導できるその他のエフェクタ細胞にも、CTL分離の戦略と全く同様の戦略を適用できる。
6. 免疫療法におけるCTL(および類似のエフェクタ細胞)の使用は、腫瘍の治療に限定されず、その他の病変に関してでもよく、なかでもとりわけ、ウィルス性の病変(例えばAIDS)および細菌感染に起因する病変が挙げられる。
1. CTL標的細胞は、様々な超生体色素を使用して染色できることを知られており、このような色素のなかには、溶解されたおよび/または損傷された場合に細胞の外に放出できるものがある(カルセイン(5)は、これらの超生体色素に属する)。
2. CTL標的細胞は、複雑な構造(ミトコンドリアや細胞核など)を識別したとえ損傷された場合でも細胞の外に放出されない様々な超生体色素を使用して染色できることを知られている(9)。
3. 決定された特質を明白に示す細胞の割合を自動的に定量化する目的で、適切なデータ処理プログラムおよび撮像手順が使用できる。
リンパ芽球様細胞系(LCL)が、ヒトBリンパ球をEpstein-Barrウィルス(EBV)株B95.8に感染させた後に得られた(26)。EBNA1タンパク質のaa407−417に対応するEBV特異的ペプチドHPV GEADYFEY(HPV)が、刺激のために使用された。HLA−B35ドナーの抹消血からのリンパ球(PBL)が、RPMI−1640培地、10%のFCS(Hyclone)を入れた24穴培養皿の穴ごとに、3.5×106の濃度で固定化され、HPVペプチド(10μM)で刺激された。培養物は、7日後および14日後に再度刺激され、培地は、10U/mlのrIL−2(Chiron)で補われた。14日目および21日目には、T細胞の培養物が、適切な細胞毒性アッセイ(51Cr放出)を使用してCTL活性によって分析された(3)。
このような研究の結果は、図1〜6に報告された実施例に示されている。実施例は、例示目的で与えられたものであり、発明の範囲をどのように制限することも意図していない。図1では、図の右側に示された複合体を生成することによって単一の標的腫瘍細胞を攻撃するように方向付けられた3つのCTL(赤い矢印)の変位が報告されており、図中、CTLは赤で、標的細胞は緑で表されている。
[参照文献]
1. Bollard CM, Savoldo B, Rooney CM, Heslop HE. Adoptive T-cell therapy for EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Acta Haematol. 2003;110(2-3):139-48. (「EBV関連移植後リンパ増殖性疾患のための養子T細胞療法」)
2. Mariani E, Monaco MC, Sgobbi S, de Zwart JF, Mariani AR, Facchini A. Standardization of a micro-cytotoxicity assay for human natural killer cell lytic activity. J Immunol Methods. 1994;172(2):173-8.(「ヒトナチュラルキラー細胞溶解活性についてのマイクロ細胞毒性アッセイの標準化」)
3. Hillman GG, Roessler N, Fulbright RS, Pontes JE, Haas GP. 51Cr-release assay adapted to a 96-well format sample reading. Biotechniques. 1993;15(4):744-9.(「96穴形式の試料読み取りバイオ技術に適応された51Cr放出アッセイ」)
4. Nagao F, Yabe T, Xu M, Yokoyama K, Saito K, Okumura K. Application of non-radioactive europium (Eu3+) release assay to a measurement of human natural killer activity of healthy and patient populations. Immunol Invest. 1996;25(5-6):507-18.(「健康人集団および患者集団のヒトナチュラルキラー活性の測定への、非放射性ユーロピウム(Eu3+)放出アッセイの応用」)
5. Neri S, Mariani E, Meneghetti A, Cattini L, Facchini A. Calcein-acetyoxymethyl cytotoxicity assay: standardization of a method allowing additional analyses on recovered effector cells and supernatants. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2001;8(6):1131-5.(「カルセイン−アセチオキシメチル細胞毒性アッセイ:回復されたエフェクタ細胞および上清に対する追加の分析を可能にする方法の標準化」)
6. Yu N, Atienza JM, Bernard J, Blanc S, Zhu J, Wang X, Xu X, Abassi YA. Real-time Monitoring of Morphological Changes in Living Cells by Electronic Cell Sensor Arrays: An Approach to Study G Protein-coupled Receptors. Analytical Chemistry, 2006; 78(1), 35-43.(「電子細胞センサアレイによる、生細胞内における形態変化のリアルタイム監視:Gたんぱく質共役型受容体を研究するアプローチ」)
7. L.L. Sohn, O.A. saleh, G.R. facer, A.J. Beavis, R.S. Allan, D.A. Notterman. Capacitance cytometry: measuring biological cells one by one. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000; 97, 10687-10690(「キャパシタンスサイトメトリ:生体細胞を1つずつ測定する」)
8. Goldberg JE, Sherwood SW, Clayberger C. A novel method for measuring CTL and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity using annexin V and two-color flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods. 1999; 224(1-2):1-9.(「アネキシンVおよび2色フローサイトメトリを使用してCTL細胞およびNK細胞の媒介による細胞毒性を測定するための新規の方法」)
9. Bachy M, Bonnin-Rivalland A, Tilliet V, Trannoy E. Beta galactosidase release as an alternative to chromium release in cytotoxic T-cell assays. J Immunol Methods. 1999; 230(1-2):37-46(「細胞傷害性T細胞アッセイにおいてクロム放出に代わるものとしてのβ−ガラクトシダーゼ放出」)
10. Micheletti F, Canella A, Vertuani S, Marastoni M, Tosi L, Volinia S, Traniello S, Gavioli R. Supra-agonist peptides enhance the reactivation of memory CTL responses. J Immunol. 2000; 165(8):4264-71.(「作動物質上ペプチドは記憶CTL応答の再活性化を向上させる」)
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Claims (14)
- ヒトから事前に収集された免疫系細胞の選択のための方法であって、腫瘍患者の病状の診断的/予後的チェックにとって重要な情報を取得するのに特に有用であり、
a)事前に収集された免疫系細胞をそれぞれの標的粒子と相互作用させるステップであって、前記相互作用に起因する標的粒子の変化は、免疫系細胞の所望特性の指標である、ステップと、
b)標的粒子に対する相互作用の効果をチェックするステップと、
c)標的粒子との相互作用を経た免疫系細胞のなかから、前記標的粒子の変化を誘導ししたがってそれらの標的粒子に対してエフェクタ細胞として機能するものを選択するステップと、
を備える方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、
標的粒子で得ることができる前記変化は、事前に知られていること、を特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1または2に記載の方法であって、
細胞は、それらのエフェクタ/標的溶解特性によって選択され、前記免疫系細胞の所望特性は、まさに、細胞および微生物からなる群より選択される標的粒子を溶解させる特性であること、を特徴とする方法。 - 請求項3に記載の方法であって、
前記相互作用のステップおよび前記選択のステップは、抹消血内、炎症性腫瘍湿潤物内、流入リンパ節領域内、およびその他の任意の病巣またはアクセス可能生体液内における細胞傷害性エフェクタ(T細胞やNK細胞など)の存在を定量化することを可能にするように実施されること、を特徴とする方法。 - 請求項3または4に記載の方法であって、
前記相互作用のステップおよび前記選択のステップは、微小残存病変を決定することを可能にするように実施され、同時に、危険な状態にある患者内における抗腫瘍性のTエフェクタおよびNKエフェクタの細胞溶解活性を直接的になおかつリアルタイムに測定すること、を特徴とする方法。 - 請求項3または4に記載の方法であって、
前記相互作用のステップおよび前記選択のステップの少なくとも1つは、エフェクタ細胞および標的細胞または微生物をそれらの生物活性を変えることなく操作することを可能にする任意のタイプの小型デバイスを使用して実施されること、を特徴とする方法。 - 請求項3ないし5のいずれかに記載の方法であって、さらに、
溶解メカニズムの著しい有効性によって上流において単核細胞の不均一集団(流入リンパ領域で循環しているまたは「溜まっている」)から選択された抗腫瘍エフェクタのクローンを作成するために、ステップc)の終了時に選択された免疫系細胞を増加させるステップを備えることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項7に記載の方法であって、
前記増加のステップは、続く段階によって実施され、これは、1つの段階と、それに続く段階との間に、最適な特徴を持つエフェクタの再選択を恐らくは不安定なクローン集合のex-vivo増幅中に実施し、具体的には、少なくとも1つの前記恐らくは不安定なクローン集合に対してステップa)、b)、およびc)を繰り返すこと、を特徴とする方法。 - 恐らくは樹状細胞による刺激後に治療目的でin-vivo再注入するのに適したキャリアの中に前記ステップa)、b)、およびc)を通して選択された免疫系細胞ならびに/またはそれらのクローンを含む薬物を調製するための請求項1ないし8のいずれかに記載の方法の使用。
- 請求項9に記載の使用であって、
前記薬物は、関心対象である活性が標的細胞を溶解することからなるような各細胞タイプを使用して得られること、を特徴とする使用。 - 請求項8または9に記載の使用であって、
選択され増加された溶解性エフェクタ細胞の注入によって治療できる各タイプの病変の治療のための薬物を調製するための使用。 - 所望のタイプおよび強度の活性を有するエフェクタ細胞の選択を実施するためにエフェクタ細胞および標的細胞をそれらの生物活性を変えることなく操作することを可能にする任意のタイプの小型デバイスの使用。
- 選択され増加された溶解性エフェクタ細胞の注入によって治療できる各タイプの病変にin-vivo再注入するための薬物の調製のためにエフェクタ細胞および標的細胞をそれらの生物活性を変えることなく操作することを可能にする小型デバイスの使用であって、
前記薬物は、いずれも実質的に同程度の溶解活性を有する事前に選択されたエフェクタ細胞および/または事前に選択されたエフェクタ細胞のクローンを含むこと、を特徴とする使用。 - 選択され増加された溶解性エフェクタ細胞のin-vivo再注入によって治療できる病変の治療のための薬物を調製するための、選択され増加された溶解性エフェクタ細胞の使用であって、
前記薬物は、いずれも実質的に同程度の溶解活性を有する事前に選択されたエフェクタ細胞および/または事前に選択されたエフェクタ細胞のクローンのみを含むこと、を特徴とする使用。
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