JP2009519344A - 抗癌剤としてのデメチルペンクロメジン類似体とその使用 - Google Patents
抗癌剤としてのデメチルペンクロメジン類似体とその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009519344A JP2009519344A JP2008545766A JP2008545766A JP2009519344A JP 2009519344 A JP2009519344 A JP 2009519344A JP 2008545766 A JP2008545766 A JP 2008545766A JP 2008545766 A JP2008545766 A JP 2008545766A JP 2009519344 A JP2009519344 A JP 2009519344A
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- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HOFQVRTUGATRFI-XQKSVPLYSA-N vinblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1N=C1[C]2C=CC=C1 HOFQVRTUGATRFI-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4412—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D213/63—One oxygen atom
- C07D213/64—One oxygen atom attached in position 2 or 6
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2005年12月13日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/750,211号の恩典を主張し、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
本開示は、新規デメチルペンクロメジン類似体に関する。また、過剰増殖疾患を治療するための薬学的組成物およびそのような組成物の使用方法も開示する。
脳癌は、標準的な癌治療に耐性がある。例えば、現在好まれる癌の治療は、外科的切除である。しかし、ほとんどの脳癌は手術不可能である。結果として、これらの腫瘍は、一般的に、放射線療法により治療される。残念ながら、頭蓋放射線療法は、線量が制限されており、かつ多くの場合緩和効果しかない。化学療法薬は、全身経路により投与される場合、通常、血液脳関門を通るのが困難であるため、もたらされる抗癌反応は乏しい。
過剰増殖疾患に対して効果的な新規治療薬を本明細書に開示する。開示された薬剤の例は、以下の式、
により表され、
式中、Rは、低級アルキル基であり、
Xは、OまたはN(R1)であり、
Gは、−C(O)OR2、−C(O)SR2、−C(O)NR3R4のうちの1つであり、
R1は、水素または置換されてもよい脂肪族であり、
R2は、置換されてもよい脂肪族、置換されてもよい芳香族、置換されてもよい複素環、複素環式芳香族基を含む置換されてもよいアリール、置換されてもよいアラルキル、またはそれらの組み合わせであり、かつ
R3およびR4は、独立して、H、置換されてもよい脂肪族、置換されてもよい芳香族、置換されてもよい複素環、置換されてもよい複素環式芳香族、置換されてもよいアラルキル、またはそれらの組み合わせである。
以下の用語および方法の説明は、本発明の化合物、組成物および方法をより明確に説明するため、および本発明の開示の実施において、当業者を先導するために提供される。本開示で使用される用語は、特定の態様および実施例のみを説明する目的のためであり、かつ制限することを意図しないことも理解される。
ある態様において、開示された化合物は、以下の式
により表されるものを含み、
式中、Rは、置換されてもよい低級アルキル基であり、
Xは、OまたはN(R1)であり、
Gは、−C(O)OR2、−C(O)SR2、−C(O)NR3R4のうちの1つであり、
R1は、水素または置換されてもよい脂肪族であり、
R2は、置換されてもよい脂肪族、置換されてもよい複素環、複素環式芳香族基を含む置換されてもよいアリール、置換されてもよいアラルキル、またはそれらの組み合わせであり、
R3およびR4は、独立して、H、置換されてもよい脂肪族、置換されてもよい芳香族、置換されてもよい複素環、置換されてもよい複素環式芳香族、置換されてもよいアラルキル、またはそれらの組み合わせである。
の基などのテストステロン誘導体を含む。
の基を表し、式中R5が、置換されてもよい分枝または非分枝低級アルキル基などの、置換されてもよい脂肪族基であるステロイド基を含む。ある例において、式中、R2が上の式を有し、Gは、以下の式、
の基を表し、
式中、R5は上述の通りである。上のステロイド構造に示すように、C5およびC6は、単結合または二重結合を介して接続されてよい。特定の態様において、Gは、以下の式
を有するコレステロール誘導体を含む。
により表され、
式中、Jは、(CH2)n;N;O;−CH2O−;または−CH2N(R6)−の1つであり、R6は、H、アシル、低級アルキル、またはアラルキルであり、かつnは1または2である。例えば、R3およびR4は、共に、ピロリジニル部分などの5員環、またはピペリジニル、ピペラジニル、もしくはモルフォリニル部分などの6員環を形成することができる。
開示の別の側面は、被験体への投与のために調製され、かつ現在開示されている1つまたは複数の化合物の治療的有効量を含む薬学的組成物を含む。開示された化合物および組成物の投与するための方法も開示する。開示された化合物の治療的有効量は、投与経路、被験体である哺乳類の種類、および治療を受ける被験体の物理的特徴に依存する。考慮される特定の要素は、疾患の重篤さおよび段階、体重、食事、および併用薬物を含む。開示された化合物の治療的有効量を決定するためのこれらの要素の関係は、当業者により理解される。
前述の開示を、以下の非制限的な実施例によりさらに説明する。
DM−PEN誘導体の合成
本実施例は、炭酸およびカルバメート誘導体である4−デメチルペンクロメジン(DM−PEN)の合成についての一般的な手順を記述する。乾燥塩化メチレン中でDM−PEN(1等量:米国国立癌研究所から得た)を、1つのバッチで1等量のトリエチルアミンで処理した。得られた黄色の溶液を、乾燥塩化メチレン中で、1等量の塩化アシル、アルキルクロロホルマートもしくはアリールクロロホルマート、またはジアルキルカルバモイルクロリド、ジアリールカルバモイルクロリド、もしくはアルキルアリールカルバモイルクロリドを用いて、室温で攪拌しながら滴下で処理した。反応混合物を、室温で1時間攪拌し、そして溶媒を真空で蒸発により除去した。残留物をアセトンと共にすりつぶし、そしてトリエチルアミン塩酸塩を除去するために濾過した。濾過物を小容積に真空で濃縮し、ヘキサン:塩化メチレン溶媒(1:1,v/v)中で、シリカゲル上で分取用薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)により分離した。主な紫外可視バンドを収集し、アセトンで溶出し、溶出物を真空で蒸発乾固した(evaporated to dryness)。残留物は、質量スペクトル(FABMS)分析、NMR(H)分析、および元素(CHN)分析により特徴づけた。産物が分析的に純粋でない場合、後の再分析のために分取用TLCにより再度分離した。ほとんどの産物は2回目のTLC精製工程を必要とせず、高収率であった。1グラムのDM−PENを使用して、効率的な産物を得て、腫瘍実験の適切量をLD10を含む3種の用量レベルで評価した。
ヒト腫瘍異種移植片に対するインビボでの類似体抗腫瘍評価
インビボでDM−PEN誘導体の評価のために使用された同所ヒト腫瘍のモデルは、MX−1乳腺腫瘍(breast tumor)、D54およびU251 CNS腫瘍を含んだ。乳腺腫瘍は乳房脂肪パッドに埋め込まれ、そしてCNS腫瘍は大脳に埋め込まれた。全評価は、獣医師により監督されたAAALAC承認施設で、そのような研究のためにNCIにより承認されたプロトコルを使用して実施された。
移植:106細胞
治療経路:腹腔内
スケジュール:qld×5d
種:胸腺欠損NCr/nuマウス−メス、Charles River
本実施例は、静脈内注射および経口胃管栄養法を介して投与される時のマウスへのDM−CHOC−PENの毒性を記述する。静脈内検討において、用量範囲を見出す段階は、50(5mL/kgの投与量)、100(10mL/kgの投与量)、150(15mL/kgの投与量)、250(25mL/kgの投与量)、および500mg/kg(50mL/kgの意図する合計投与量)のそれぞれの用量レベルで、単一用量として試験物を受ける5つの治療群(雄のマウス1匹/グループ)からなった。500mg/kg投与は、約4時間の間隔をあけて等しい割合(25mL/kg/投与)で投与される分割投与を意図した(死亡率は、用量の第2部分の投与を排除した)。追加群(雄のマウス1匹)を対照とし、治療群と同じ投与経路を使用して投与量25mL/kgで、ビヒクルである大豆油を受けさせた。3日間の観察期間後の4日目に、全ての生存用量範囲を見出した動物を安楽死させ、廃棄した。0、100、250、および500mg/kg(500mg/kgの動物は計画された分割用量の最初の半分の後に死亡)で、用量範囲を見出す段階で記述した、即死および大豆油ビヒクルの明確な毒性/効果に基づき、最終的な主要な検討段階のビヒクルを、0.3% Klucel+0.3%〜3.3% Tween(登録商標)80へ変更し、主要な検討段階のために選択された用量レベルは、0、50、100、200、400、および600mg/kgであった。
本実施例は、イヌにおけるDM−CHOC−PENの急性毒性を記述する。急性試験を、成犬のビーグル犬で実施し、検討はIVでDM−CHOC−PENを1回投与することからなるものである。DM−CHOC−PENの単回の静脈内注射を受けた16頭の成犬のビーグル犬(雄8頭、雌8頭)を3グループに分けた。DM−CHOC−PENを、0.3% Klucel+1.92% Tween(登録商標)80で投与した。結果を表6に記録する。
本実施例は、DM−CHOC−PENペレットの埋め込みを介した腫瘍の治療を記述する。腫瘍を調製するために、ラットに1069Lラットグリオーマ細胞を脳内にまたは腹腔内に埋め込んだ。埋め込まれた細胞は、例えば、正常の脳組織に遠心的に広がることにより、良好に増殖することが観察された。5日後、リジンおよびステアリン酸を含有する97%DM−CHOC−PENの10mgペレットを腫瘍中に埋め込んだ。毒性は、6週間以上観察されなかった。しかし、ペレットから約10細胞内の腫瘍細胞が死滅した。埋め込まれたペレットの可視的観察から、腫瘍中のペレットの溶解が明らかとなった。組織学的試験から、血管に沿った、および死滅した腫瘍細胞中の薬物ペレットの顆粒が明らかとなった。腫瘍へ吸収される薬物およびその後の腫瘍細胞の死滅と共に、薬物ペレットへの血管新生が観察された。
Claims (52)
- 以下の式
の化合物、または薬学的に許容される塩もしくはそのプロドラッグ:
式中、Rは置換されてもよい低級アルキル基であり、
Xは、OまたはN(R1)であり、
Gは、−C(O)OR2、−C(O)SR2、−C(O)NR3R4のうちの1つであり、
R1は、水素または置換されてもよい脂肪族であり、
R2は、置換されてもよい脂肪族、置換されてもよい芳香族、置換されてもよい複素環、置換されてもよい複素環式芳香族、置換されてもよいアラルキル、またはそれらの組み合わせであり、かつ
R3およびR4は、独立して、H、置換されてもよい脂肪族、置換されてもよい芳香族、置換されてもよい複素環、置換されてもよい複素環式芳香族、置換されてもよいアラルキル、またはそれらの組み合わせである。 - XがOである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Gが、−C(O)OR2または−C(O)NR3R4のうちの1つである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R2、R3、およびR4のうちの少なくとも1つが、芳香族基を含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R2、R3、およびR4のうちの少なくとも1つが、多環式基を含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R2、R3、およびR4のうちの少なくとも1つが、ステロイド環構造を含む、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R2、R3、およびR4のうちの少なくとも1つが、疎水性基を含む、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R2、R3、およびR4のうちの少なくとも1つが、置換されてもよいフェニル基を含む、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R2、R3、およびR4のうちの少なくとも1つが、置換されてもよいベンジル基を含む、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Gが、ステロイド誘導体を含む、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Rが、メチルまたはエチルである、請求項1から5、または14のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- Rがメチルである、請求項1から5、または14のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R2およびR3が、独立して、低級アルキルおよびアリールから選択される、請求項17に記載の化合物。
- R2およびR3が同一である、請求項17に記載の化合物。
- R2およびR3が、置換されてもよい環を共に形成する、請求項17に記載の化合物。
- Rが、メチル、トリフルオロメチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、sec−ブチル、イソブチル、またはtert−ブチルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Rが、メチルまたはエチルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1、5、14、または23に記載の化合物および薬学的に許容される担体を含む、薬学的組成物。
- 局所用ゲルまたは溶液を含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 注射可能な溶液を含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 注射可能な溶液1mL当り約0.1mg〜約100mgの前記化合物を含む、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 注射可能な溶液1mL当り約0.5mg〜約20mgの前記化合物を含む、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 注射可能な溶液1mL当り約1mg〜約15mgの前記化合物を含む、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 注射可能な溶液1mL当り約1mg〜約2mgの前記化合物を含む、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 乳濁液を含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物がペレットを含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 前記ペレットが、約0.5mg〜約50mgの前記化合物を含む、請求項32に記載の組成物。
- 前記ペレットが、約5mg〜約15mgの前記化合物を含む、請求項32に記載の組成物。
- 過剰増殖疾患を有する被験体を治療するための方法であって、請求項1から5、14、または23のいずれか一項に記載の化合物の治療的有効量を前記被験体に投与する工程を含む、方法。
- 前記被験体に、一日当り約1mg/m2〜約200mg/m2を投与する工程を含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に、一日当り約5mg/m2〜約100mg/m2を投与する工程を含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に、一日当り約10mg/m2〜約50mg/m2を投与する工程を含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰増殖疾患が、脳癌、乳癌、膀胱癌、骨癌、子宮頸癌、結腸癌、中枢神経系癌、食道癌、胆嚢癌、消化器癌、頭頚部癌、ホジキン病、非ホジキンリンパ腫、喉頭癌、白血病、肺癌、メラノーマ、神経芽細胞腫、卵巣癌、膵臓癌、前立腺癌、直腸癌、腎癌、網膜芽腫、胃癌、精巣癌、ウィルムス腫瘍、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰増殖疾患が、脳腫瘍を含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰増殖疾患が、脳の転移性癌を含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰増殖疾患が、脳への転移性の、乳癌、肺癌、肉腫、結腸直腸癌、リンパ腫、および白血病のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰増殖疾患が、脳への転移性乳癌を含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰増殖疾患が、神経膠芽種を含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に第2の化合物を投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の化合物が、微小管結合剤(microtubule binding agent)、DNA干渉物質、DNAアルキル化剤、DNA架橋剤、DNA合成阻害剤、DNAおよび/またはRNA転写阻害剤、酵素阻害剤、遺伝子制御因子、酵素、抗体、ならびに血管新生抑制剤から選択される、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の化合物が、エルロチニブ、ゲフィチニブ、テモゾロミド、パクリタキセル、ドセタキセル、ダウノルビシン、シスプラチン、カルボプラチン、オキサリプラチン、コルヒシン、ドラスタチン15、ノコダゾールポドフィロトキシン、リゾキシン(rhizoxin)、ビンブラスチン、ビンデシン、ビノレルビン(ナベルビン)、エポシロン、マイトマイシン、ブレオマイシン、クロラムブシル、カルムスチン、メルファラン、ミトキサントロン、5−フルオロ−5’−デオキシウリジン、カンプトテシン、SFTI−1、トポテカン、イリノテカンエトポシド、テノポシド(tenoposide)、ゲルダナマイシン、メトトレキサート、アドリアマイシン、アクチノマイシンD、メドロキシプロゲステロン、ミフェプリストン、ラロキシフェン、5−アザシチジン、5−アザ−2’−デオキシシチジン、ゼブラリン、タモキシフェン、4−ヒドロキシタモキシフェン、アピゲニン、ラパマイシン、アンジオスタチンK1−3、L−アスパラギナーゼ、スタウロスポリン、ゲニステイン、フマギリン、エンドスタチン、イソホスホラミドマスタード(isophosphoramide mustard)、サリドマイド、およびそれらの類似体から選択される、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に第3の化合物を投与する工程をさらに含む方法であって、前記第3の化合物が、微小管結合剤、DNA干渉物質またはDNA架橋剤、DNA合成阻害剤、DNAおよび/またはRNA転写阻害剤、酵素阻害剤、遺伝子制御因子、酵素、抗体、ならびに血管新生抑制剤から選択される、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 投与する工程が、前記化合物を腫瘍に直接投与することを含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 腫瘍へ前記化合物を直接投与することが、前記化合物を含む溶液もしくは乳濁液を前記腫瘍に埋め込んで注射すること、または前記化合物を含むペレットを前記腫瘍に埋め込むことを含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 過剰増殖疾患の治療のための薬物の製造における、請求項1から5、14、または23のいずれか一項に記載の化合物の使用。
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