JP2009515901A - mTOR阻害剤投与によるがん患者の治療 - Google Patents
mTOR阻害剤投与によるがん患者の治療 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009515901A JP2009515901A JP2008540275A JP2008540275A JP2009515901A JP 2009515901 A JP2009515901 A JP 2009515901A JP 2008540275 A JP2008540275 A JP 2008540275A JP 2008540275 A JP2008540275 A JP 2008540275A JP 2009515901 A JP2009515901 A JP 2009515901A
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Abstract
Description
本発明のQDx4またはQDx5投与は、間欠的に、例えば週1回、または2週もしくは3週に1回、経口的にまたは非経口的に投与されるmTOR阻害剤2〜300mg の負荷量でさらに補うこともできる。負荷量のmTOR阻害剤は、通常は、その他の日に与えられる同じmTOR阻害剤であるが、異なるmTOR阻害剤であってもよい。正常な1日量の2倍または3倍の負荷量は、現在特に興味深く、これはQDx4またはQDx5サイクルの最初の日に負荷量を投与するものである。例えば、4日間 (QDx4) または5日間 (QDx5) mTOR阻害剤を毎日20mgという用法においては、任意の負荷量は、例えば各週の1日目、または1週おきの1日目、あるいは3週目の1日目にTOR 阻害剤を20〜40mg追加するものであってもよい。mTOR阻害剤は、AP23573 、エベロリムス、ラパマイシンまたは別のmTOR阻害剤であってもよい。その負荷量は経口投与しても、または非経口的に、例えば静脈内注入により与えてもよく、そして併用療法の場合には、併用のその他の抗がん剤の投与と調整すればよい。
ここに開示する療法は、許容できない程度の副作用を招くことなく臨床的利益を達成するために望ましい治療の手段を提供する目的をもって、様々な種類のがんおよびその他の疾患を治療する新規な方法となる。
1.ラパマイシンアナログ−mTOR阻害剤
ラパマイシンは、ストレプトミセス・ヒグロスコピクス (Streptomyces hygroscopicus) により産生され、1970年代に発見されたマクロライドである。ラパマイシンは、強力な免疫抑制剤であり、移植した臓器の拒絶を防ぐために臨床的に使用される。広範な興味ある薬理学的活性を有することも報告され、これによってラパマイシンおよびその誘導体は、以下のような幅広い適応症に対して有用となる:臓器移植拒絶および自己免疫疾患、真菌感染症、多発性硬化症、リューマチ性関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス (例えば、米国特許第5,078,999 号参照) 、肺炎 (米国特許第5,080,899 号) 、インスリン依存性糖尿病 (米国特許第5,321,009 号) 、乾癬などの皮膚疾患 (米国特許第5,286,730 号) 、腸疾患 (米国特許第5,286,731 号) 、平滑筋細胞増殖および血管損傷後の内膜肥厚化 (米国特許第5,288,711 号および5,516,781 号) 、成人T細胞白血病/リンパ腫 (欧州特許出願第525,960 A1) 、眼の炎症 (米国特許第5,387,589 号) 、悪性腫瘍 (米国特許第5,206,018 号) 、心臓の炎症性疾患 (米国特許第5,496,832 号) および貧血 (米国特許第5,561,138 号) の治療および予防。がんに対しての使用が特に有用である。米国特許出願2001/0010920参照。AP23573 (ARIAD) 、CC1779 (「テムシロリムス」、Wyeth)およびRAD001 (「エベロリムス」、Novartis) を含む多くのラパマイシン誘導体が、種々のがんに対してヒトでの検討において将来性ある結果を出した。加えて、ラパマイシンおよびエベロリムスは、臓器移植レシピエントにおいて免疫抑制剤として使用されている。ラパマイシン並びに、特にAP23573 、ビオリムスおよびABT-578 (Abbott)を含む多くのC-43- 修飾ラパマイシンアナログは薬剤溶出ステントで用いるために使用、評価または開発されている。
化合物 -R
ラパマイシン -OH
AP23573 -OP(O)(Me)2
テムシロリムス -OC(O)C(CH3)(CH2OH)
エベロリムス -OCH2CH2OH
ビオリムス -OCH2CH2OEt
ABT-578 -テトラゾール
2.mTOR阻害剤の処方
ラパマイシンおよび多数のラパマイシンアナログについては、種々の経口および非経口用剤型が知られている。いくつかは、各種の治療方法、単独療法その他において現在使用されている。ここに開示するmTOR阻害剤療法の実施において、同じそれらの剤型を同様に使用してもよい。経口投与には固体の剤型がしばしば好ましく、特に、慣用の混合物、固体分散系およびナノ粒子があり、典型的には錠剤、カプセル、キャプレット、ゲルキャップ、またはその他の固体もしくは部分的に固体の形態である。かかる処方は場合により腸溶性被膜を含んでいてもよい。かかる経口用処方のための多数の材料および方法が周知である。mTOR阻害剤を処方するための慣用の材料および方法を使用する典型的な例は米国特許出願US 2004/0077677 および公開された国際特許出願WO 04026280 (CC1-779) に示されている。米国特許第6197781 号、第6589536 号、第6555132 号、第5985321 号、第6565859 号および第5932243 号も参照のこと。処方技術の上記非限定的な例示に加え、広範なその他の方法および材料も、ラパマイシンおよびその誘導体のようなマクロライドの分野の当業者には周知である。適当な処方技術のさらなる背景や例については例えばWO 03/064383参照。
典型的なセルロースポリマーには、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース (HPMC) 、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタル酸エステル、メチルセルロース (MC) 、ヒドロキシエチルセルロースおよびヒドロキシプロピルセルロース (HPC)があるが、これらに限定されない。
3.治療方法
ここに開示されたmTOR阻害剤療法は、許容できない程度の副作用を生じることなく臨床的利益を達成するための望ましい治療の手段を提供しながら、様々な種類のがんを治療、予防及び/又は管理することを含む。
4.投与および用途
mTOR阻害剤は各種ガンの治療、予防及び/又は管理のためにここに記載のようにして投与すればよい。必要とされる正確な量は、年齢、患者の全体的症状、ガンの重篤度、個々のmTOR阻害剤、投与の方法などに応じ患者ごとに異なる。
5.薬剤の組み合わせ
本発明のmTOR阻害剤を用いる治療は、1または2以上ののその他のガン療法と組み合わせて提供してもよく、手術、放射線治療 (例、γ放射線、中性子線放射線療法、電子線放射線療法、プロトン療法、小線源治療および全身性放射性同位体など) 、内分泌療法、生体応答調節 (例、多少例を挙げるとインターフェロン、インターロイキンおよび腫瘍壊死因子(TNF))、温熱療法、寒冷療法、副作用を弱める薬剤 (例、制吐剤) 、およびその他のガン化学療法剤を含む。本発明により提供されるようなmTOR阻害剤の投与の間または後に、その他の薬剤を投与してもよく、mTOR阻害剤についてここに規定したと同じまたは異なる処方、投与経路および投与スケジュールで投与することができる。
以下の操作を、AP23573 を10mg含み、かつ以下の成分を含有する錠剤を製造するのに使用した。錠剤は2種の異なる被膜で被覆される−即時放出のための薄膜被覆錠剤および遅延放出のための腸溶性被覆錠剤。錠剤の芯の組成は以下の表に示す。錠剤の芯は薄膜被覆され、そのまま使用しても、あるいは腸溶性被覆されてもよい。
成分 重量%
AP23573 8.00%
ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン 0.08%
ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース 8%
ラクトース1水和物 50.57%
微結晶性セルロース 30.85%
クロスカルメロースナトリウム 2.00%
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 0.50%
無水アルコール(エタノール)* −
* 加工時に使用するが最終製品には現れない
薄膜被覆は以下の成分を用いて以下の操作により調製できる。錠剤を被覆槽に添加し、5%増量が達成されるまで、20〜35℃の製品温度を維持しながら、無水アルコール、USP (20 :80 w/w) 中のコポビドン (Copovidone) 溶液で被覆する。次いで、槽を冷却し、薄膜被覆錠剤を乾燥させる。薄膜被覆錠剤をそのまま包装しても、あるいは腸溶性被覆してもよい。
腸溶性被覆は以下の成分を使用し、以下の操作によって調製できる。
フィルム被覆 懸濁液%
メタクリル酸共重合体 11.03 %
クエン酸トリエチル 2.16%
タルク 2.81%
無水アルコール(エタノール)* 84.00 %
* 加工時に使用するが、最終製品中への保持のためではない。
背景:mTOR阻害剤、AP23573 の静脈内 (IV) 処方を用いた、第1相臨床試験において、薬剤は広範囲のガンに十分に耐性であり、活性であった。この試験は経口投与剤型のAP23573 の安全性、許容性および最大耐量を評価するために計画された。第2の目的はAP23573 の薬物動態 (PK) および薬理作用 (PD) のプロフィール並びに抗腫瘍活性の特性決定を含む。
結果:これらの検討は、臨床的有益応答 (Clinical Benefit Response, CBR) を有する患者により評価される抗腫瘍活性の証拠を示した。26人の評価可能な患者のうち7人の患者はCBR を達成した。その中の6人は、骨肉腫、平滑筋肉腫およびその他の軟組織肉腫の患者を含む肉腫患者である。ここまで評価可能な肉腫患者の43%がこれらのQD×5 スケジュールにおいてCBR であった。CBR 患者は悪性ではなく、これまで少なくとも4ヶ月〜7ヶ月の治療を受けていた。
Claims (9)
- 週に4日または5日連続してそれぞれの日にmTOR阻害剤を患者に投与することを含む、mTOR阻害剤を、それを必要とする患者に投与する方法。
- mTOR阻害剤がシロリムス、テムシロリムス、エベロリムスまたはAP23573 である請求項1記載の方法。
- mTOR阻害剤の合計1日量が2〜80mgである請求項1記載の方法。
- mTOR阻害剤の投与が1日に2回以上に分けられる請求項1記載の方法。
- mTOR阻害剤が経口で投与される請求項1記載の方法。
- 週に1回、2〜300mg のmTOR阻害剤の追加量を投与することをさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- mTOR阻害剤に加えて1または2以上のその他の薬剤を投与することをさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 患者ががん患者である請求項1記載の方法。
- がんが、肉腫、リンパ腫もしくは白血病、または膀胱がん、大腸がん、脳腫瘍、乳がん、頭部および頸部のがん、子宮内膜がん、肺がん、卵巣がん、膵臓がんもしくは前立腺がんである、請求項8記載の方法。
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