JP2009512710A - Il−1阻害剤を用いて血管石灰化を抑制する方法 - Google Patents
Il−1阻害剤を用いて血管石灰化を抑制する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
これまでに発見された最も強力な炎症性サイトカインの1つはインターロイキン1(IL−1)である。IL−1は、多数の疾患及び病状における重要な媒介物質であると考えられる。IL−1は、(これだけではないが)マクロファージ/単球系譜の細胞によって産生され、2つの形態、すなわち、IL−1アルファ(IL−1α)及びIL−1ベータ(IL−1β)として産生され得る。IL−1系の第3のサイトカインは、拮抗物質として作用し、IL−1受容体拮抗物質(IL−1ra)と称される。
血管石灰化は、慢性腎疾患(CKD)の周知の一般的合併症であり、心血管の罹患率及び死亡率のリスクを増大させる(Giachelli, C. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15:2959−64, 2004; Raggi, P. et al. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 39:695−701, 2002)。CKDにおける血管石灰化の原因はまだ解明されていないが、関連する危険因子としては、年齢、性別、高血圧、透析までの時間、糖尿病及び糖不耐性、肥満、喫煙などが挙げられる(Zoccali C. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant 15:454−7, 2000)。しかし、これらの従来の危険因子は、患者集団における心血管の原因による高い死亡率を十分に説明していない。最近の観察によれば、血清のカルシウムとリンの積(Ca×P)が高くなるカルシウムとリンの代謝におけるある異常は、末期腎不全患者における、動脈石灰化の発生の一因となり、恐らくは循環器疾患の一因となる(Goodman, W. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 342:1478−83, 2000; Guerin, A. et al. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant 15:1014−21, 2000; Vattikuti, R. & Towler, D. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 286:E686−96, 2004)。
最近の科学文献では、血管石灰化に対するサイトカインの効果を検討することが示唆されている。Yao et al.(2004), Scandinavian J. Urol. Nephrol. 38:405−16は、末期腎不全(ESRD)患者において彼らが「炎症及び大きな酸化的ストレスと内皮障害との強い関連性」とみなすものを見出した。Malberti and Ravini(2005), Giornale Italiano di Nefrologia(22 Suppl.) 31:S47−52は、血管石灰化が、一般集団よりも、又は正常な腎機能を有する循環器疾患患者よりも、透析患者においてより頻繁であることに注目し、ESRD患者の栄養及び心血管状態に対する消炎処置の効果を検討することを示唆している。Moe and Chen(2005), Blood Purif. 23:64−71は、サイトカインなどの炎症媒介物質が、血管石灰化に対して直接の刺激効果を有し得ることに注目し、サイトカインによって媒介される炎症を抑制することが「血管石灰化を制限する妥当な治療手法」であることを示唆している。しかし、この文献は、血管石灰化を媒介し得る炎症性サイトカインを特定していない。
「IL−1」とはIL−1α及びIL−1βを指す。
可溶性IL−1受容体、抗IL−1モノクローナル抗体などのIL−1結合タンパク質、
IL−1ベータの産生及び分泌を阻害するのに使用することができる、インターロイキン1ベータ変換酵素(ICE)又はカスパーゼIの阻害剤(例えば、その開示を参照により本明細書に援用する、国際公開第99/46248号、同99/47545号及び同99/47154号)、
インターロイキン1ベータプロテアーゼ阻害剤、
並びにIL−1のインビボ合成又は細胞外放出を遮断する化合物及びタンパク質。
米国特許第5,747,444号、同5,359,032号、同5,608,035号、同5,843,905号、同5,359,032号、同5,866,576号、同5,869,660号、同5,869,315号、同5,872,095号、同5,955,480号、同5,965,564号、
国際公開第98/21957号、同96/09323号、同91/17184号、同96/40907号、同98/32733号、同98/42325号、同98/44940号、同98/47892号、同98/56377号、同99/03837号、同99/06426号、同99/06042号、同91/17249号、同98/32733号、同98/17661号、同97/08174号、同95/34326号、同99/36426号、同99/36415号、
欧州特許出願第534978号及び同894795号、並びに
仏国特許出願FR 2762514号。
本発明では、以下で考察するIL−1ra並びにその変種及び誘導体を「IL−1raタンパク質」と総称する。以下で考察する、上記参考文献に記載の分子並びにその変種及び誘導体を「IL−1阻害剤」と総称する。
「IL−1ベータ抗体」及び「IL−1ベータに対する抗体」とは、IL−1ベータに特異的に結合する抗体を指す。IL−1ベータ抗体の一例は、MAb 201として知られ、市販されている。追加のIL−1ベータ抗体は、以下に記載するように製造することができる。IL−1抗体の更なる例は、(参照により本明細書に援用する)国際公開第9501997号、同9402627号、同9006371号、EP 364778、EP 267611、EP 220063及び米国特許第4,935,343号に記載されている。
ファージディスプレイペプチドライブラリーは、目的タンパク質のペプチド作動物質及び拮抗物質を特定する際に強力な方法として出現した。例えば、(その各々を参照により本明細書に組み込む)Scott et al.(1990), Science 249:386; Devlin et al.(1990), Science 249:404;1996年12月19日に公開された国際公開第96/40987号;1998年4月16日に公開された国際公開第98/15833号並びに米国特許第5,223,409号、同5,733,731号、同5,498,530号、同5,432,018号、同5,338,665号及び同5,922,545号を参照されたい。かかるライブラリーにおいては、ランダムペプチド配列は、繊維状ファージのコートタンパク質との融合によって示される。典型的には、示されたペプチドは、抗体に固定された、受容体の細胞外ドメインに対して親和溶出される。保持されたファージは、親和精製及び再増殖(repropagation)を繰り返すことによって濃縮することができる。最適な結合ペプチドの配列を決定して、構造的に関係する1つ以上のペプチドファミリー内の重要な残基を特定することができる。例えば、Cwirla et al.(1997), Science 276:1696−9を参照されたい。ここでは、2種類のファミリーが特定された。ペプチド配列は、残基をアラニンスキャンニングによって、又はDNAレベルでの変異誘発によって、安全に置換し得ることも示唆し得る。変異誘発ライブラリーを作製し、スクリーニングして、最適なバインダーの配列を更に最適化することができる。Lowman(1997), Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 26:401−24。
II X1−F1
III F1−X2
IV F1−(L1)c−P1
V F1−(L1)c−P1−(L2)d−P2
式中、
F1は、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、デキストラン、好ましくはFcドメインなどの半減期延長ビヒクルであり、
X1及びX2は、−(L1)c−P1、−(L1)c−P1−(L2)d−P2、−(L1)c−P1−(L2)d−P2−(L3)e−P3及び−(L1)c−P1−(L2)d−P2−(L3)e−P3−(L4)f−P4から各々独立に選択され、
P1、P2、P3及びP4は各々独立に、薬理学的に活性なIL−1拮抗ペプチドの配列であり、
L1、L2、L3及びL4は各々独立にリンカーであり、
a、b、c、d、e及びfは各々独立に0又は1であり、ただしaとbの少なくとも一方は1である。
「可溶性IL−1受容体分子」とは、可溶性IL−1 RI(sIL−1 RI)、可溶性IL−1 RII(sIL−1 RII)及び可溶性IL−1RAcP(sIL−1RAcP);sIL−1 RI、sIL−1 RII及びIL−1RAcPの断片;「IL−1トラップ」分子、及びヒト血清アルブミン、トランスチレチン又はFcドメインとの融合タンパク質を含めた、sIL−1 RI、sIL−1 RII、sIL−1RAcP及び任意のその断片の融合タンパク質、並びに上記のいずれかの誘導体(例えば、ポリエチレングリコールに連結された可溶性受容体)を指す。可溶性IL−1受容体分子は、その開示を参照により本明細書に組み込む米国特許第5,492,888号、同5,488,032号、同5,464,937号、同5,319,071号及び同5,180,812号に記載されている。
IL−1トラップは、参照により本明細書に組み込む米国特許第5,844,099号に基本的に記載されているとおりである。手短に述べると、IL−1トラップは、ヒトサイトカイン受容体細胞外ドメインとヒトIgG1のFc部分とを含む融合タンパク質である。IL−1トラップは、IL−1シグナル伝達に必要な両方の受容体成分、すなわち、IL−1 I型受容体(IL−1RI)とIL−1受容体アクセサリータンパク質(AcP)の細胞外ドメインを単一の分子に取り込んでいる。IL−1トラップは、両方の受容体成分を含むので、IL−1α及びIL−1βとピコモルの親和性で結合する。一方、AcPの非存在下でIL−1RI単体は、約1nMの親和性で結合する。IL−1トラップは、AcP、IL−1RI及びFcの細胞外ドメインをコードする配列を介在リンカー配列なしに直線状に融合することによって作製された。融合タンパク質をコードする発現構築体をチャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞に移入し、IL−1トラップを培地に分泌する高産生系を単離する。IL−1トラップは、タンパク質分子量が201kDの2量体糖タンパク質であり、グリコシル化を含めた全分子量が約252kDである。Fc領域中のジスルフィド結合は、2量体を共有結合によって連結する。
本明細書では「血管石灰化」とは、血管における細胞外基質ヒドロキシアパタイト(リン酸カルシウム)結晶沈着物の形成、成長又は沈着を意味する。血管石灰化は、冠動脈、弁、大動脈及び他の血管の石灰化を包含する。この用語は、アテローム硬化型石灰化及び中膜壁石灰化を含む。
血管石灰化を検出及び測定する方法は、当分野で周知である。一態様においては、石灰化を測定する方法としては、血管におけるカルシウム−リン沈着の程度を検出及び測定する直接的方法が挙げられる。
一態様においては、本発明は、個体における血管石灰化を阻害、抑制又は防止する方法を提供する。この方法は、本発明のIL−1阻害剤の治療有効量を個体に投与することを含む。一態様においては、本発明の化合物の投与は、細胞外基質ヒドロキシアパタイト結晶沈着物の形成、成長又は沈着を遅延させ、又は逆転する。本発明の別の態様においては、本発明の化合物の投与は、細胞外基質ヒドロキシアパタイト結晶沈着物の形成、成長又は沈着を防止する。
この実験は、図1に示すプロトコルを使用した。
この実験に用いたプロトコルは以下のように要約することができる。
雌性Lewisラット250g(ポンプ移植)
Sigma−Aldrich, Corp(St.Louis、MO)製1α,25−ジヒドロキシコレカルシフェロールとして供給されたビタミンD3を90%エタノールに溶解させて、1mM原液を調製し、リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)で最終希釈するまで−20℃で保存した。ビタミンD3(0.1μg、PBS 0.2mlの投与量)を皮下(s.c.)注射によって投与した。
投与量 5mg/kg/h SC注入
終点:Von Kossa
群(n=6/群)
1.ビタミンD 100ng
2. ビタミンD 100ng+IL1−Ra(5mg/kg/h SC)
3. ビタミンD 100ng+ビヒクル(ポンプ)
4. ビヒクル(n=2)
21日間の処置
屠殺:von Kossa染色用に大動脈を切除
この実験に用いたプロトコルは以下のように要約することができる。
雌性Lewisラット250g及び/又は雄性SDラット(250g)
Sigma−Aldrich, Corp(D−1530 −.1mg、St.Louis、MO)製1α,25−ジヒドロキシコレカルシフェロールとして供給されたビタミンD3を90%エタノールに溶解させて、1mM原液を調製し、リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)で最終希釈するまで−20℃で保存した。ビタミンD3(0.1μg、PBS 0.2mlの投与量)を皮下(s.c.)注射によって投与した。
投与量100mg/kg SC/日
終点:Von Kossa
群(n=6/群)
1. ビタミンD 100ng
2. ビタミンD 100ng+Fc IL1−Ra(100mg/kg/d SC)
3. ビタミンD 100ng+ビヒクル(ポンプ)
4. ビヒクル(n=2)
21日間の処置
屠殺:von Kossa染色用に大動脈を切除
IL−1受容体拮抗物質Fc−IL−1ra、カルシトリオール、Fc−IL−1ra+カルシトリオールの組合せ)又はその対応するビヒクルを、部分的腎摘出(5/6Nx)によって誘発された慢性腎疾患(CKD)及び二次性副甲状腺機能亢進症(SHPT)のげっ歯類動物モデルに投与した。実験概念図を図5に示す。投与群を下記表2に示す。
Claims (15)
- 対象における血管石灰化を阻害、抑制又は防止する医薬品の製造のためのIL−1阻害剤の使用。
- 対象が慢性腎不全に罹患している、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 対象が末期腎不全に罹患している、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 対象が透析前である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 対象が尿毒症に罹患している、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 対象がI又はII型真性糖尿病に罹患している、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 対象が心血管障害を有する、請求項1に記載の使用。
- IL−1阻害剤が、アナキンラである、又はアナキンラの配列を含む、請求項1に記載の使用。
- IL−1阻害剤がIL−1RI抗体である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- IL−1阻害剤がカルシウム様化合物と組み合わせて投与される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- IL−1阻害剤がシナカルセットHCLと組み合わせて投与される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- IL−1阻害剤が、ビタミンDステロールと組み合わせて投与される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- IL−1阻害剤がRENAGEL(登録商標)と組み合わせて投与される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 対象の血清クレアチニンレベルを低下させる医薬品の製造におけるIL−1阻害剤の使用。
- 対象が、対象へのビタミンDステロールの投与によって誘発される高い血清クレアチニンレベルを有する、請求項14に記載の使用。
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US7804992B2 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2010-09-28 | Hologic, Inc. | Cardiovascular risk assessments using aortic calcification information derived from x-ray measurements taken with a dual energy x-ray densitometer |
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US10105441B2 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2018-10-23 | The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Inc. | Method for inhibiting or reducing dry eye disease by IL-1Ra |
US8298533B2 (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2012-10-30 | Medimmune Limited | Antibodies to IL-1R1 |
AU2011283669A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | Eleven Biotherapeutics, Inc. | Chimeric IL-1 receptor type I agonists and antagonists |
DK2672985T3 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2016-06-27 | Swedish Orphan Biovitrum Ab (Publ) | CITRATFRIE pharmaceutical formulations comprising anakinra |
WO2013041205A1 (de) | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-28 | Pyxirion Pharma Gmbh | Neue therapeutische konzepte zur behandlung von gefässerkrankungen |
JP6450364B2 (ja) | 2013-03-13 | 2019-01-09 | セセン バイオ, インコーポレイテッド | 眼送達のためのキメラサイトカイン製剤 |
WO2018144749A1 (en) * | 2017-02-01 | 2018-08-09 | Children's Medical Center Corporation | Fgf21 compositions for treatment or prevention of neovascularization of the eye and methods therefor |
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