JP2009297753A - Piercing method using provisional tack - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for piercing using a provisional tack, in which the increase in working time of an operator and load to the apparatus for piercing is prevented and also, any trouble caused by drill-out is eliminated and the lowering of production efficiency can be prevented. <P>SOLUTION: The piercing method using the provisional tack includes: a first process of forming a plurality of first prepared holes by piercing a plurality of previously decided boring positions in a workpiece in which a plurality of members to be joined to each other are positioned and stacked by using the provisional tacks configured to be separable from the workpiece and having the almost same diameter as that of a main tack by pulling out the head part having a marking part; a second process of provisionally setting each member by hitting the provisional tacks into the plurality first prepared holes formed in the first process; and a third process of forming second prepared holes for inserting the main tacks by calculating a plurality of hitting positions of the main tacks from the image obtained by taking a photograph of the workpiece provisionally set in the second process and piercing each of the calculated positions. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a drilling method using a temporary tack. More specifically, the present invention relates to a technique for punching a position where a main rod is to be driven based on a temporary rod driving position in a state where a plurality of workpieces are stacked and temporarily fixed by driving a temporary rod.

  FIG. 15 (showing ALLFAST's Fastack 鋲) is a cross-sectional view for explaining a state in which a plurality of members 2 and 3 are temporarily fixed by placing a temporary tent 1 of the conventional technology. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2004-26838 and 2004-19991 are described. Such a temporary tack 1 is commercially available as a Fastack (registered trademark) kit made by ALLFAST or a Chobert (registered trademark) kit made by TEXTRON. FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a drilling method for a main hole pilot hole using a conventional temporary tack 1.

  For example, when assembling an aircraft wing or the like, a plurality of members 2 and 3 are positioned and stacked, and the members 2 and 3 are joined by placing a main rod. When there are a large number of positions where the main bar is to be driven, the temporary bar 1 is driven to a position extracted from the main bar driving position, and each member is temporarily fixed. Drilling of the main hole was made.

  Further, even if the workpiece can be processed only from the outside, such as a workpiece having a hollow closed structure surrounded by a wall member, the workpiece can be temporarily fixed by using the conventional temporary tack 1. It was possible to do. Specifically, the temporary tack 1 is inserted into the temporary tack lower holes 4 and 5 together with the caulking tool 6 from one side in the thickness direction of the members 2 and 3, and the operator indicates the caulking tool 6 with an arrow. By pulling in the direction, a caulking portion 7 as shown by an imaginary line is formed. As a result, the members 2 and 3 are temporarily fixed. The caulking tool 6 is configured such that it can be easily cut inside the temporary tack 1 and is cut after temporary fastening, and a part thereof is removed. By using such a temporary tack 1, even when the closed structure can be processed only from one side in the thickness direction of each member 2, 3, such as when a structure is joined, the temporary structure of each member 2, 3 is reduced. It can be stopped.

  In the conventional processing method using the temporary tack 1 as described above, the work is started in step a0, and in step a1, the temporary tack 1 is applied to the workpiece in which the members 2 and 3 are positioned and stacked. Are formed, and in step a2, the temporary hammer 1 is driven into the temporary hole 4 and 5 by the operator, and the members 2 and 3 are temporarily fixed. The

  In step a3, the temporarily fixed workpiece is carried into a perforating apparatus, and a main hole pilot hole into which a main hole is placed is formed. The main hole lower hole is used to image the workpiece by the imaging device, identify the through hole 8 of the temporary hammer 1 after the caulking tool 6 is removed, and the main hammer placement position based on the identified position of the temporary hammer 1. Is formed by drilling the calculated position.

  In step a4, a position shift prevention pin is manually inserted by the operator into the main hole pilot hole formed at a position close to the temporary tacking position. In step a5, by drilling the temporary tack placement position with a drill, the temporary tack 1 is drilled out and removed, and the lower holes 4 and 5 for the temporary tack are expanded to the temporary tack placement position. A main hole pilot hole is formed. In step a6, the drilling of the main hole pilot hole is completed.

Special Table 2000-505526 JP-A-6-147208

  In the conventional drilling method using the temporary tack 1, as shown in FIG. 15, the members 2, 3 are temporarily fastened by forming the caulking portion 7. It was necessary to drill a larger hole to remove the temporary tack 1. Therefore, the temporary tack 1 having a diameter smaller than that of the main bar was used, and the temporary bar 1 was removed and the main hole lower hole was drilled by the drilling apparatus. At this time, there was a problem that the chips of the temporary tack 1 were wound around the drilling tool and the hole diameter was larger than that of the main punch hole.

  In addition, in order to prevent misalignment associated with drilling out the temporary tack 1, it is necessary to attach a misalignment prevention pin, and since this attachment was performed manually with the perforating device stopped, There is a problem that the number of work man-hours increases by the operator, and the work load of the drilling apparatus increases due to the stop of the drilling apparatus.

  Further, in the conventional temporary tack 1, when the caulking portion 7 is formed, the shape of the head of the temporary tack 1 may change depending on the skill of the operator. This change in the shape of the bun causes a reading error when the through-hole 8 is identified by the imaging device, and causes the drilling device to stop. Therefore, there has been a problem that the production efficiency is lowered due to the stoppage of the apparatus.

  An object of the present invention is to use a temporary tack that can prevent an increase in work man-hours by an operator and an increase in the load on a boring apparatus, eliminate problems associated with drilling out the temporary tack, and prevent a decrease in production efficiency. It is to provide a drilling method.

According to the present invention, a plurality of predetermined striking positions are perforated on a workpiece in which a plurality of members to be joined to each other are positioned and stacked, and a head having a position detection mark portion is pulled out. A first step of forming a plurality of first pilot holes for inserting a temporary tack configured so that a part of the shaft portion having substantially the same diameter as the main rod is reduced in diameter and can be detached from the workpiece;
A second step of placing the temporary tacks in the plurality of first prepared holes formed in the first step and temporarily fixing each member;
A plurality of books determined in advance based on the position of each position detection mark portion identified by identifying the position detection mark portion of each temporary shield from the image obtained by imaging the work temporarily fixed in the second step. A drilling process using a temporary scissors, comprising: a third step of calculating a scissor placement position, drilling each calculated position, and forming a second pilot hole for inserting a main scissors Is the method.

  According to the present invention, a temporary rod configured to be detachable from the work is inserted by pulling out the head portion having the position detection mark portion so that a part of the shaft portion having substantially the same diameter as the main rod is reduced. As the first pilot hole is formed, the drilling process for expanding the diameter of the first pilot hole into the second pilot hole for the main bag and the position by the operator as in the case of using a temporary tack of the prior art The installation work of the slip prevention pin becomes unnecessary. Therefore, an increase in work man-hours by the operator and an increase in the load on the drilling apparatus are prevented. Moreover, since there is no need to drill out the temporary tack, it is possible to eliminate the problems associated with drilling out.

  Furthermore, since the temporary lock is formed with the position detection mark portion, occurrence of a reading error by the image pickup apparatus is reduced, and a reduction in production efficiency can be prevented. In addition, since it is possible to recognize the deviation of the workpiece in actual processing based on the position of the mark position detection mark portion of the temporary tack accurately from the captured image, the workpiece positional deviation is corrected and a plurality of members are joined with high accuracy. can do.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a temporary tack 10 used in a drilling method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a flap 15 which is an example of a processing target of the drilling method according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an outline of a drilling device 51 used in the drilling method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  The temporary tack 10 is a tack that temporarily fixes a plurality of members. Hereinafter, a case where the two members 11 and 12 are temporarily fixed will be described. Each of the members 11 and 12 may be plate-shaped as a whole or may be partially plate-shaped, but in any case has a plate-shaped portion.

  The flap 15 provided on the wing of an aircraft is manufactured by being formed into a wing shape using a plurality of plate-like structural materials. In the flap 15, for example, the two plate-shaped structural materials are joined by positioning and stacking the plate-shaped structural materials, and placing the stacked portions with scissors. For example, the two plate-like structural materials in the flap 15 correspond to the members 11 and 12 in FIG. 1, respectively, and the flap 15 corresponds to the workpiece 16.

  Although it is an example, as for the dimension of the flap 15, the longitudinal direction dimension W1 is 6 m, and the width direction dimension W2 is 1.5 m. In manufacturing such a flap 15, a plurality of plate-like structural materials are used, and it is necessary to drive ridges at many positions. In placing the scissors, it is necessary to previously form a pilot hole for inserting the scissors at the placement position.

  Therefore, in the drilling method according to the embodiment of the present invention, for example, 20 to 70 positions are extracted from the positions where the scissors are to be placed, and the temporary tack 10 is first placed at the extracted positions. Then, the members 11 and 12 are temporarily fixed, and the remaining positions to be hammered are automatically drilled using the drilling device 51 shown in FIG. Further, a main hole pilot hole in which the main bar is to be placed is drilled at the position extracted for placing the temporary bar, and the main hole lower hole is used as the temporary hole for lower hole. For this reason, the temporary tack 10 is formed in a shape applicable to the main hole pilot hole.

  Hereinafter, the temporary tack 10 used in the drilling method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

  FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the temporary tack 1. The temporary tack 10 is made of, for example, a synthetic resin. Further, the temporary tack 10 includes a substantially cylindrical main body 18 and a substantially shaft-shaped operation shaft body 19 as components. The temporary tack 10 is configured by partially inserting the operation shaft 19 into the cylindrical main body 18. The operation shaft body 19 is inserted and arranged so that its axis line coincides with the axis line of the cylindrical main body 18 and is relatively displaceable in the axial direction.

  FIG. 5 is a front view showing the cylindrical main body 18. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the cylindrical main body 18 of FIG. 5 as viewed from above. FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the cylindrical main body 18 of FIG. 5 as viewed from below.

  The cylindrical main body 18 includes a cylindrical head portion 41, a cylindrical base portion 40 formed in a right cylindrical shape, and a plurality of (four in this embodiment) leg portions 23. The cylinder base 40 is formed such that the outer diameter D40 is substantially the same as the inner diameter D13 of the main hole lower holes 13 and 14 formed in the members 11 and 12, respectively. The cylinder head 41 protrudes radially outward from one axial end of the cylinder base 40 and is formed integrally with the cylinder base 40. The four leg portions 23 are provided at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the tube base portion 40, and each leg portion 23 extends in the axial direction from the other axial end portion of the tube base portion 40 and is integrated with the tube base portion 40. It is formed.

  The cylinder head 41 further includes an upper part 20 and a lower part 21 connected to the upper part 20 and the cylinder base part 40. The upper portion 20 has an outer peripheral surface 20a formed in a truncated cone shape inclined in a direction in which the radius decreases along the direction from the leg portion 23 toward the cylinder head 41. The lower portion 21 is formed in a truncated cone shape whose outer peripheral surface 21 a is inclined in a direction in which the radius decreases along the direction from the cylinder head portion 41 toward the leg portion 23.

  The leg portion 23 includes a leg base portion 24 that is continuous with the other axial end of the tube base portion 40, and a leg end portion 25 that is continuous with the leg base portion 24. The leg base 24 has the same outer diameter D40 as the tube base 40. Further, the outer peripheral surface of the tube leg portion 25 is formed in a tapered truncated cone shape inclined in a direction in which the radius decreases along the direction from the tube head portion 41 toward the leg portion 23. The four leg portions 23 are divided by a cross-shaped cut 22 in a cross section perpendicular to the axis. Therefore, the four leg portions 23 formed in this way can be displaced in the direction of expanding the diameter with elastic deformation.

  Furthermore, the inner peripheral surface portion 26 of the cylindrical main body 18 includes a fitting portion 27 formed in each leg portion 23, a guide portion 28 that continues to one side in the axial direction of the fitting portion 27, and the other in the axial direction of the fitting portion 27. And an abutting portion 29 connected to the side. The fitting portion 27 and the guide portion 28 each have a right cylindrical inner peripheral surface, and an inner diameter D27 of the fitting portion 27 is formed larger than an inner diameter D28 of the guide portion 28. A step is formed between the portion 28. The contact portion 29 has a frustoconical inner peripheral surface that is inclined in a direction in which the radius decreases along the direction from the cylindrical head portion 41 toward the leg portion 23. FIG. 8 is a front view showing the operation shaft body 19. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the operating shaft body 19 of FIG. 8 as viewed from above. FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the operating shaft body 19 of FIG. 8 as viewed from below.

  The operation shaft body 19 includes a shaft head 30, an operation portion 31, and a shaft portion 32, and the shaft head 30 is formed integrally with one end portion in the axial direction of the shaft portion 32, and the other end portion in the axial direction. The operation part 31 is integrally formed in a row. The shaft portion 32 is formed in a right cylindrical shape having an outer diameter D32. The shaft portion 32 is formed such that the outer diameter D32 is slightly larger than the inner diameter D28 of the guide portion 28 of the cylindrical main body 18.

  The shaft head 30 is formed in a truncated cone shape whose outer peripheral surface is inclined in a direction in which the radius decreases along the direction from the shaft head 30 toward the operation unit 31. The outer diameter D30a at one end in the axial direction of the head 30 that is the side continuous with the shaft 32 is formed to be larger than the outer diameter D32 of the shaft 32. That is, the shaft head 30 is continuous with the shaft portion 32 with a step.

  The shaft head 30 is chamfered at the other axial end. As a result, it is possible to prevent the article from being undesirably caught. The portion with the largest outer diameter in the shaft head 30 exists in the vicinity of the end surface 33 on the other end side in the axial direction, and the outer diameter (maximum outer diameter) D30 is larger than the outer diameter D32 of the shaft portion 32. .

  The operation unit 31 includes a distal end portion 34 and an operation base portion 35. The operation base 35 connected to the shaft portion 32 at one end in the axial direction has a right circular column shape, and is formed such that the outer diameter D35 of the operation base 35 is larger than the outer diameter D32 of the shaft portion 32. That is, the operation unit 31 is continuous with the shaft 32 with a step. Further, the operation base 35 is formed so that the outer diameter D35 is smaller than the outer diameter D30a at one axial end of the shaft head 30 and is substantially the same as the inner diameter D27 of the fitting portion 27 of the cylindrical body 18. ing. The distal end portion 34 is formed to be connected to the other axial end portion of the operation base portion 35, and the outer peripheral surface 34 a is a tapered cone inclined in a direction in which the radius decreases along the direction from the head portion 30 toward the operation portion 31. It is formed in a table shape. The outer peripheral surface 34a is inclined at the same inclination angle as that of the inner peripheral surface so as to come into surface contact with the inner peripheral surface of the contact portion 29 of the inner peripheral surface portion 26 of the cylindrical main body 18.

  In addition, the operating shaft body 19 is formed with a recess 36 that opens at the end face 33 in the shaft head 30. The recess 36 formed in a substantially right cylindrical shape is provided at a position where the axis of the recess 36 coincides with the axis of the operation shaft body 19. A mark piece 37 is fitted into the recess 36.

  The mark piece 37 is a right cylindrical member, and is formed so as to fit into the recess 36. The surface of the mark piece 37 has at least a different color from the end surface 33 of the shaft head 30. By providing such a color difference, a circular position detection mark portion (hereinafter referred to as “mark”) 38 centering on the axis of the operation shaft body 19 is formed.

  The surface color of the end surface 33 of the shaft head 30 and the surface color of the mark piece 37 are preferably set to dissimilar colors. For example, it is set to a combination in which one lightness is high and the other lightness is low, or a combination in which hues are complementary colors. For example, the surface color of the mark piece 37 is set to black, and the surface color of the end face 33 of the shaft head 30 is set to a color with high brightness such as white, yellow, and orange.

  With reference to FIG. 1 again, temporary fixing of the members 11 and 12 when the temporary tack 10 is used will be described. The temporary tack 10 is assembled by inserting the operation shaft 19 into the guide portion 28 of the cylindrical main body 18 from the operation portion 31 side. Hereinafter, the direction from the cylinder head 21 toward the leg 23 along the axial direction may be referred to as an insertion direction.

  In this assembling, the tip portion 34 of the operation portion 31 is formed in a tapered shape, so that the assembling work is easy. The operation shaft body 19 is supported so that the shaft portion 32 is guided by the guide portion 28 of the cylindrical main body 18 and can be displaced along the axial direction with respect to the cylindrical main body 18. Since the outer diameter of the shaft portion D32 is slightly larger than the inner diameter D28 of the guide portion 28, the operation shaft body 19 is moved with respect to the tubular body 18 while the axis of the cylindrical body 18 and the axis of the operation shaft body 19 are matched. And can be displaced along the axial direction. The operation shaft body 19 is displaced along the axial direction with respect to the cylindrical main body 18 between an operation position where the insertion amount of the operation shaft body 19 is large and an operation release position where the insertion amount of the operation shaft body 19 is small. By doing so, each leg 23 can be displaced between the natural state and the expanded state.

  The operation position is a position indicated by a solid line in FIG. 1, and a position where the stepped surface between the shaft head portion 30 and the shaft portion 32 of the operation shaft body 19 contacts the end surface 20 b of the tube head portion 21 of the tubular body 18. It is. In a state where the operation shaft body 19 is in the operation position, the operation portion 31 is inserted further in the insertion direction than the fitting portion 27. In this state, the outer peripheral surface of the operation portion 31 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the contact portion 29, and each leg portion 23 is pressed and displaced in the direction of expanding the diameter.

  The operation release position is a position indicated by an imaginary line in FIG. 1, the operation unit 31 is fitted into the fitting part 27 of the cylindrical main body 18, and the step surface between the operation part 31 and the shaft part 32 is the fitting part. 27 and a position where the stepped surface of the guide portion 28 is in contact. In a state where the operation shaft body 19 is in the operation release position, the operation portion 31 is housed in the fitting portion 27. In this state, each leg 23 is in a natural state.

  That is, when the operation shaft body 19 is displaced from the operation release position to the operation position, the outer peripheral surface 34 a of the distal end portion 34 of the operation portion 31 of the operation shaft body 19 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the contact portion 29 of the cylindrical main body 18. Each leg 23 is maintained in a natural state until it comes into contact, but after the contact between the outer peripheral surface 34 a and the inner peripheral surface of the contact portion 29, the operation shaft body 19 is pushed further into the outer periphery of the operation portion 31. The inner peripheral surface of the contact portion 29 is pressed by the surface, and each leg portion 23 is displaced from a natural state to a state in which the diameter is increased. At this time, the amount of displacement increases as the amount of pushing of the operating shaft body 19 increases.

  Such a temporary tack 10 is inserted into the main hole lower holes 13 and 14 from the leg portion 23 side of the cylindrical main body 18 in a state where the operation shaft 19 is disposed at the operation release position. At this time, since each leg portion 25 is formed in a tapered shape, it is easy to insert the temporary tack 10 into the main hole lower holes 13 and 14. Each of the main hole lower holes 13 and 14 is a hole for inserting a main hole used for fixing the members 11 and 12, and is formed so as to penetrate in the thickness direction of the members 11 and 12. And are arranged coaxially. Each of the main hole lower holes 13 and 14 has the same inner diameter D13.

  In addition, each of the main hole lower holes 13 and 14 is inserted into the lower hole (the main hole lower hole 13 in the present embodiment) on the side where the main hole is inserted after the main hole lower holes 13 and 14 are drilled. The dish is processed. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the main hole lower hole 13 is formed with an inclined surface 82 that is inclined in a direction in which the radius decreases along the direction from the member 11 toward the member 12. The inclined surface 82 is provided for insertion of the main cover. However, in consideration of utilizing the main hole prepared hole as the temporary cover prepared hole, the tube of the cylindrical main body 18 of the temporary cover 10 is used. An outer peripheral surface 21 a is formed on the lower portion 21 of the head 41 so as to coincide with the inclination angle of the inclined surface 82. Therefore, when the temporary tack 10 is most inserted into the main hole lower holes 13, 14, the outer peripheral surface 21 a of the lower portion 21 of the cylindrical head 41 of the cylindrical main body 18 is in surface contact with the inclined surface 82 in the circumferential direction. .

  The temporary tack 10 is formed in such a size that a part of the leg end portion 25 of each leg portion 23 protrudes from the surface of the other member 12 in the most inserted state. From this state, by pushing the operating shaft body 19 in the insertion direction and displacing the operating shaft body 19 to the operating position, a portion protruding from the surface of the other member 12 at the leg end portion 25 of each leg portion 23 is elastic. While deforming, it is pushed outward from the inner peripheral surface of the main hole lower holes 13, 14. In this manner, the members 11 and 12 are sandwiched and temporarily fixed by the tube head 21 and the leg end portions 25 having an enlarged diameter.

  From such a temporarily fixed state, the operation shaft body 19 is pulled in a direction opposite to the insertion direction, and the operation shaft body 19 is displaced to the operation release position, whereby the temporary connection is released. That is, each leg end portion 25 that has been spread by the operation portion 31 is restored to a natural state by the elastic recovery force.

  The outer diameter D30 of the shaft head portion 30 of the operation shaft body 19 is formed larger than the outer diameter D21 of the tube head portion 21 in the cylindrical main body 18, and the shaft is moved when the operation shaft body 19 is displaced to the operation release position. It is easy to engage the operator's finger, a punching tool, and the like with the head 30 and workability is improved. Further, since the shaft head 30 is formed in a truncated cone shape, this also facilitates engagement of the operator's finger, a punching tool and the like with the head 30 and further improves workability. The scissor removing tool may be a tool that has, for example, a bifurcated claw and hooks each claw to the shaft head 30 such that the shaft portion 32 is disposed between the claws.

  In the state in which the temporary fixing is released, each leg portion 23 has recovered to the natural state, so that the pinching between the tube head 21 and each leg end portion 25 is released, and the temporary tack 10 is used for each main board. It can be easily extracted from the lower holes 13 and 14 and detached. In addition, the cylindrical main body 18 and the operating shaft body 19 are engaged with each other as described above at the operation release position, and the pulling operation of the cylindrical main body 18 is further facilitated by pulling the operating shaft body 19. It is. Thus, the removal of the temporary tack 10 can be easily performed by manual work or the like, so that it is not necessary to drill out like the conventional temporary tack 1.

  Further, the temporary tack 10 can be attached and detached with respect to the work 16 by an operation from one side. Therefore, it is possible to temporarily fix the structure having a closed structure such as the flap 15 shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, the drilling apparatus 51 used for the drilling method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. The perforating apparatus 51 is used to place a main punch other than the temporary hammer placement position on the workpiece 52 temporarily secured by placing the temporary hammer 10 as described above at a predetermined position. Used to drill a main hole pilot hole.

  The punching device 51 includes a stage 53 on which the workpiece 52 is mounted, a plurality of jigs 55 for holding the workpiece 52 on the stage 53, a stage moving device 63 that moves the stage 53 in one direction on a horizontal plane, A punching machine 57 that punches the workpiece 53, an elevating device 58 that moves the drilling machine 57 in a direction approaching and separating from the workpiece 52, an X-axis driving device 61, a Y-axis driving device 62, and an imaging device 59 and a control device 64 (see FIG. 13).

  The stage moving device 63 includes a linear guide rail 54 that supports the stage 53, and movement directions A1 and A2 in a horizontal virtual plane along the guide rail 54. ) And a base 56 to which the guide rail 54 is fixed.

  The punching machine 57 is a device that punches a main hole prepared hole for inserting a main punch into the work 52 and is fixed to the jig 60 together with the lifting device 58 and the imaging device 59. The configuration of the drilling machine 57 is not particularly limited, and since it is already known, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The punching machine 57 is configured to move the stage 53 in the drilling of the main hole pilot hole by an elevating device 58 that is driven in the movement directions Z1 and Z2 (generally referred to as the movement direction Z) orthogonal to the virtual plane. It can be moved in the direction approaching the workpiece 52 held on it (namely, the movement direction Z1), and can be moved in the direction away from it (namely, the movement direction Z2) as necessary.

  The configuration of the lifting device 58 is not particularly limited. For example, the lifting device 58 includes a servo motor, a vertical ball screw shaft portion, and a ball screw nut portion that meshes with the ball screw shaft portion, and interlocks with the rotation of the servo motor. Then, the ball screw shaft is rotated, and the ball screw nut is moved up and down to drive the drilling machine 57 up and down.

  The X-axis drive device 61 drives the punch 57 and an imaging device 59 described later in the movement directions X1 and X2 (generally referred to as the movement direction X) orthogonal to the movement direction A in the virtual plane. The Y-axis drive device 62 drives the punching machine 57 and the imaging device 59 in the movement directions Y1 and Y2 (generally referred to as the movement direction Y) parallel to the movement direction A on the virtual plane.

  In the present embodiment, the Y-axis drive device 62 includes a horizontal girder 62a extending in the Y direction, a guide rail 62c (not shown) provided in the horizontal girder 62a and extending in the Y direction along the guide rail 62c. A movable traveling body 62b and a driving device 62d (not shown) for moving the traveling body 62b in the Y direction along the guide rail 62c are configured. The X-axis drive device includes a guide rail 61b (not shown) provided in the traveling body 62b extending in the X-axis direction, a traveling body 61a movable in the X direction along the guide rail 61b, and a traveling body 61a. And a driving device 61c (not shown) that moves in the X direction along the guide rail 61b. A jig 60 is fixedly provided on the traveling body 61a.

  With such a configuration, the punching machine 57 and the imaging device 59 drive the X-axis driving device 61 and the Y-axis driving device 62 to drive the two-axis directions perpendicular to the horizontal plane (that is, the moving directions X and Y). Can be moved to.

  FIG. 11 is a perspective view for explaining the detection of the position of the temporary tack 10 by the punching device 51. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the image data 70 recognized by the imaging device 59 provided in the punching device 51.

  The imaging device 59 is constituted by, for example, a CCD line sensor, and by driving the X-axis driving device 61 and moving the line sensor in the scanning direction S (that is, the X direction) with respect to the measurement region R extending in the Y direction, the imaging device 59 is constant. Can be imaged. The imaging device 59 is not particularly limited as long as the imaging device 59 can detect a mark formed on a temporary mask from image data recognized by the imaging device, as will be described later. For example, an area sensor or the like May be used.

  As described above, the mark 10 is formed with the mark 38 by making the end surface 33 of the operating shaft 19 of the temporary lock 10 and the surface of the mark piece 37 different in color. Therefore, image data 70 indicating a density pattern expressed by the number of gradations corresponding to the surface color of the temporary lock 10 as shown in FIG. 12, for example, is obtained by imaging such a temporary lock 10 with the imaging device 59. be able to.

  FIG. 12 shows the density pattern 71 indicating the surface color of the workpiece 52, the density pattern 72 indicating the surface color of the end face 33 of the operating shaft 19 of the temporary tack 10, and the surface color of the mark piece 37 of the temporary tack 10. Image data 70 representing the density pattern 73 is shown. Since the shape and position of such a mark 38 do not depend on the operation of attaching / detaching the temporary tack 10 at all, there is no variation and it can be formed with high quality. Therefore, based on the image data 70 obtained by the imaging device 59, it is possible to detect the false position with high accuracy without causing a detection error when detecting the false position.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the control device 64 of the punching device 51. The control device 64 includes a stage moving device 63 that moves the stage 53, an imaging device 59 punching device 57, a lifting device 58 that drives the punching device 57 up and down, an X-axis driving device 61 that moves the punching device 57 and the imaging device 59 horizontally. , And the drive of the Y-axis drive device 62 is controlled.

  In the control device 64, the mark 38 is identified from the image data 70 output from the imaging device 59, and the position of the temporary tack 10 is detected from the position of the identified mark 38. In the present embodiment, since the mark piece 37 is a cylindrical member provided coaxially with the operation shaft body 19, the coordinates of the center position of the circle are obtained from the circular density pattern 73 indicating the mark piece 37. As described above, the position of the temporary tack 10 can be detected by executing the calculation process.

  Further, the control device 64 stores in advance data indicating the positional relationship between the temporary tack position on the workpiece 52 to be machined and a predetermined driving position where the main hammer is to be driven (hereinafter referred to as “striking position data”). In addition, the hitting position data is corrected by comparing the coordinates of the plurality of false spot positions detected as described above with the coordinates of the corresponding false spot position in the hitting position data. Then, the control device 64 controls the drive of the X-axis drive device 61 and the Y-axis drive device 62 and moves the punching machine 57 so that the main hole pilot hole can be drilled at the corrected driving position. Let them be placed.

  As described above, the control device 64 of the punching device 51 causes the punching machine 57 to accurately position and arrange the punching device 57 at the predetermined punching position where the main punch is to be placed with respect to the temporarily detected position of the hammer. Therefore, the main hole pilot hole can be accurately drilled in the temporarily fixed workpiece 52. Therefore, even when the position 52 is displaced on the stage 53 and the work 52 is placed, the position shift can be automatically corrected and the main hole pilot hole can be drilled.

  FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a method for drilling a main hole pilot hole using the temporary tack 10. The punching method shown in FIG. 14 is for punching a main hole pilot hole into which a main bar for joining members is inserted in a structure manufactured from a plate-like structural material such as the flap 15 described above. It is a method that is preferably implemented. The procedure according to this drilling method starts with step s0 by preparing the members 11 and 12 constituting the workpiece 52, and proceeds to step s1.

  In step s1, among the plurality of homerun placement positions for inserting the main runners to be fixed to the workpiece 52 in a state where the members 11 and 12 to be joined to each other are positioned and stacked, A plurality of predetermined positions are extracted, the main hole lower holes 13 and 14 are drilled at the extracted positions, and the main hole lower hole 13 is further dished.

  In step s2, the temporary tack 10 is placed in each of the plurality of main hole pilot holes 13 and 14 drilled at the extracted position. Thereby, each member 11 and 12 is temporarily fixed.

  In step s3, the temporarily fixed workpiece 52 is set in the punching device 51, and a predetermined region including the temporary tack 10 is imaged by the imaging device 59 provided in the drilling device 51. Then, the mark 38 of the temporary tack 10 is identified based on the image data 70 obtained from the imaging device 59, and the previously stored hitting position data is corrected based on the position of the identified mark 38. Then, the position at which the main bar in the work 52 placed on the stage 53 is to be placed is calculated. The punching machine 57 is moved to the calculated position of the main punch, and the main hole lower holes 13 and 14 are punched by the punching machine 57. Further, the main hole lower hole 13 is dished. When the drilling is performed at all the main punching positions, the process proceeds to step s4, and the procedure according to the drilling method is terminated.

  The temporary rod 10 has a cylindrical body 18 formed so as to have substantially the same diameter as the main rod, and is configured to be easily removable. The scissors 10 can be applied, and there is no need to drill out when removing the temporary scissors 10. Therefore, if the method according to the present invention is used, drilling for expanding the diameter of the temporary hole for the temporary iron to the lower diameter of the main hole and the mounting work of the position shift prevention pin by the operator, that is, the conventional technique of the temporary hole is used. In some cases, the necessary work becomes unnecessary. Therefore, an increase in work man-hours by the operator and an increase in the load on the drilling apparatus are prevented. Moreover, since there is no need to drill out the temporary tack, it is possible to eliminate the problems associated with drilling out.

  Furthermore, since the temporary tack 10 is formed with the position detection mark portion 38, occurrence of a reading error by the imaging device 59 is reduced, and a reduction in production efficiency can be prevented. Further, since the displacement of the workpiece 52 in actual processing can be recognized accurately from the captured image 59 based on the position of the position detection mark portion 38 of the temporary tack 10, a plurality of workpieces can be corrected with high accuracy by correcting the displacement of the workpiece. These members can be joined.

  The above-described embodiment is merely an example of the present invention, and the configuration can be changed. For example, instead of the drilling device 51, a riveter capable of performing both drilling and hammering can be used. Also, the method according to the present invention may be used to form other structures of an aircraft or may be used to form structures that are used outside of an aircraft.

It is sectional drawing which shows the temporary tack 10 used for the drilling method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the flap 15 which is an example of the process target of the punching method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the outline of the drilling apparatus 51 used for the drilling method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which decomposes | disassembles and shows the temporary tack 1. FIG. 2 is a front view showing a cylindrical main body 18. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a cylindrical main body 18. FIG. 2 is a bottom view showing a cylindrical main body 18. FIG. FIG. 6 is a front view showing an operation shaft body 19. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an operation shaft body 19. FIG. 6 is a bottom view showing an operation shaft body 19. FIG. 11 is a perspective view for explaining detection of the temporary tack 10 by the imaging device 59. It is a figure which shows the image data. It is a figure which shows the control apparatus 64 of the punching apparatus. 3 is a flowchart showing a hammering method for machining a workpiece 52 using a hammering device 51. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating a mode that the temporary tack 1 of a prior art is driven and temporarily fixed. It is a flowchart which shows the drilling method of the lower hole for main bags using the temporary tack 1 of the prior art.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Suspension 51 Punching device 52 Workpiece 57 Punching machine 58 Lifting device 59 Imaging device 61 X-axis drive device 62 Y-axis drive device 64 Control device 70 Image data

Claims (1)

For a workpiece in which a plurality of members to be joined to each other are positioned and stacked, a plurality of predetermined striking positions are perforated, and a head having a position detection mark portion is pulled out, thereby removing the head. A first step of forming a plurality of first pilot holes for inserting a temporary rod configured to be detachable from the workpiece by reducing a part of the shaft portion having substantially the same diameter;
A second step of placing the temporary tacks in the plurality of first prepared holes formed in the first step and temporarily fixing each member;
A plurality of books determined in advance based on the position of each position detection mark portion identified by identifying the position detection mark portion of each temporary shield from the image obtained by imaging the work temporarily fixed in the second step. A drilling process using a temporary scissors, comprising: a third step of calculating a scissor placement position, drilling each calculated position, and forming a second pilot hole for inserting a main scissors Method.

Images