JP2009204577A - Light-transmitting member and timepiece provided with same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light-transmitting member provided with a reflection prevention function and excellent in properties to cut off ultraviolet rays and infrared rays and provide a timepiece provided with the same. <P>SOLUTION: The light-transmitting member 10 includes both a transparent substrate 11 made of an inorganic oxide and a reflection preventive layer 12 formed over the same. The reflection preventive layer 12 includes a layer, a multi-layer film formed over the substrate 11, acquired by alternately layering inorganic thin films having different refractive indices, and provided with an ultraviolet-ray-cutting function or an infrared-ray-cutting function. In other words, the reflection preventive layer 12 comprises an ultraviolet-ray-cutting layer 121 and an infrared-ray-cutting layer 122 in order from the side of the substrate 11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a translucent member and a timepiece including the translucent member.

  Conventionally, sapphire glass, quartz glass, soda glass, or the like is used as a cover glass for a watch. However, when these glasses are used alone, the visibility such as time display is poor due to the high reflectance. This is particularly noticeable when sapphire glass having a high refractive index is used. Therefore, a method is known in which an antireflection layer is provided on the surface of glass to improve visibility by suppressing the reflectance (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

On the other hand, in space environments where the influence of ultraviolet rays and infrared rays is greater than that on the ground, when the watch is exposed to ultraviolet rays or infrared rays, heat is transferred from the dial of the watch to the drive unit, and the movement of the hands is disturbed due to temperature changes of the drive unit. There is a fear.
Therefore, for example, a technique for cutting ultraviolet rays or infrared rays by forming an infrared cut layer on one surface of an optical filter and forming an antireflection layer on the other surface is known (see, for example, Patent Document 2). .
A solar cell cover that reflects ultraviolet rays and infrared rays with a multilayer structure of 20 to 50 layers is known (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

JP 2006-275526 A JP 2006-220873 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-58355

However, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3 do not have all of the antireflection function, the ultraviolet cut function, and the infrared cut function. The windshield glass for a watch described in Patent Document 1 has only an antireflection function, and the optical filter of Patent Document 2 cannot cut ultraviolet rays. Moreover, although the solar cell cover of patent document 3 can exhibit an ultraviolet reflective function and an infrared reflective function, there are too many layers to laminate | stack, and a manufacturing process will become complicated.
Further, when the antireflection layer, the ultraviolet ray cut layer, and the infrared ray cut layer are laminated on one side of the substrate, there is a problem that the antireflection function of the antireflection layer optically designed in advance is impaired.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a translucent member having an excellent antireflection function and excellent in ultraviolet and infrared cutting properties, and a timepiece having the same.

  The translucent member of the present invention includes a base material having translucency and an antireflection layer formed on the base material, and the antireflection layer includes an ultraviolet cut layer that cuts ultraviolet rays, And an infrared cut layer for cutting infrared rays.

According to this invention, since the antireflection layer is formed on the surface of the substrate, the antireflection function can be exhibited and the visibility of the translucent member can be improved.
Further, a material that reflects or absorbs ultraviolet rays is used for the ultraviolet cut layer. Thereby, the ultraviolet-ray which permeate | transmits a translucent member can be reduced significantly.
Further, a material that absorbs infrared rays is used for the infrared cut layer. Thereby, the infrared rays which permeate | transmit a translucent member can be reduced significantly.

The ultraviolet cut layer and the infrared cut layer form part of the antireflection layer. That is, the ultraviolet cut layer and the infrared cut layer are also incorporated in the optical design of the antireflection layer. Accordingly, since there is no deviation in the optical design of the antireflection layer, a layer having an antireflection function, an ultraviolet ray cut function, and an infrared ray cut function can be formed on one surface of the translucent member.
Moreover, since the layer which exhibits three functions can be formed in the single side | surface of a base material, it can apply to every field | area as a translucent member, and its usefulness is high.
In addition, the antireflection layer including an ultraviolet cut layer and an infrared cut layer may be formed on both surfaces of the substrate.

  The translucent member of the present invention includes a translucent base material, an antireflection layer formed on one of the opposing surfaces of the base material, and the other of the opposing surfaces of the base material. An ultraviolet cut layer for cutting ultraviolet rays formed on the surface of the substrate, and an infrared cut layer for cutting infrared rays formed on the other surface of the opposing surfaces of the substrate.

  According to this invention, since the antireflection layer is provided on one surface of the substrate and the ultraviolet cut layer and the infrared cut layer are provided on the other surface of the substrate, the antireflection function, the ultraviolet cut function, and the infrared cut function are provided. And a translucent member having a function.

  In the translucent member of the present invention, the antireflection layer is preferably a multilayer in which layers having different refractive indexes are laminated.

  In the present invention, the antireflection layer is formed in a multilayer structure in which low refractive index layers and high refractive index layers are alternately laminated. By laminating layers having different refractive indexes in this way, the light transmittance can be increased to reduce the reflectance, and the visibility when viewing the other side through the translucent member can be improved. it can.

In the translucent member of the present invention, it is preferable that the ultraviolet cut layer contains at least one of ITO (indium tin oxide), TiO ₂ (titanium oxide), and SnO ₂ (tin oxide).

According to this invention, the material used for the ultraviolet cut layer is selected from the specific compounds described above. Since these materials have excellent reflection characteristics or absorption characteristics in the ultraviolet region (for example, 360 to 400 nm), the irradiated ultraviolet rays are sufficiently reflected or absorbed. Therefore, the amount of ultraviolet rays that pass through the translucent member is reduced, and the ultraviolet rays can be significantly cut. Specifically, ITO reflects ultraviolet rays, and TiO ₂ and SnO ₂ absorb ultraviolet rays.

  In the translucent member of the present invention, the infrared cut layer preferably includes at least one of ITO (indium tin oxide), SiOC (silicon oxide carbide), and AlN (aluminum nitride).

  According to this invention, the material used for the infrared cut layer is selected from the specific compounds described above. Since these materials are excellent in absorption characteristics in the infrared region (for example, 760 to 830 nm), the irradiated infrared rays are sufficiently absorbed. Therefore, the amount of infrared rays transmitted through the translucent member is reduced, and the infrared rays can be cut significantly.

  Moreover, since the above-mentioned compound used for an ultraviolet cut layer and an infrared cut layer is an inorganic oxide, when these layers are laminated | stacked, it is very excellent in the adhesiveness between each layer. Therefore, when the antireflection layer is formed by the ultraviolet cut layer and the infrared cut layer, a very hard and stable antireflection layer can be formed.

  In the translucent member of the present invention, the base material is preferably an inorganic oxide.

Here, examples of the translucent member include a hard and transparent member such as a watch cover member, an instrument cover member, or a spectacle lens. Examples of the material of the translucent member include sapphire glass, quartz glass, and soda glass.
According to this invention, since the inorganic oxide is used as the base material of the translucent member, the adhesion (adhesiveness) between the antireflection layer made of the inorganic oxide and the base material is extremely excellent. Therefore, film peeling between the antireflection layer and the base material hardly occurs, and as a result, scratch resistance is improved.

In the translucent member of the present invention, the inorganic oxide is preferably sapphire glass.
According to this invention, since sapphire glass is used as a base material, it is excellent in transparency and hardness.

  The timepiece of the present invention is a timepiece including the above-described translucent member, wherein the translucent member is provided in a case that accommodates the timepiece body.

  According to this invention, by providing the above-mentioned translucent member, the same operation and effect as described above can be enjoyed. In addition, a translucent member is provided in a case as a cover glass (windshield), for example.

  According to the present invention as described above, it is possible to provide a translucent member having an antireflection function and excellent in ultraviolet and infrared cutting properties, and a timepiece including the same.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
The translucent member of the first embodiment is a watch cover glass (hereinafter also simply referred to as “cover glass”), and FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the translucent member of the first embodiment. ing.
In FIG. 1, a translucent member 10 includes a transparent base material 11 made of an inorganic oxide and an antireflection layer 12 formed thereon.

[Material of Substrate 11]
The material of the substrate 11 is an inorganic oxide, and examples thereof include sapphire glass, quartz glass, and soda glass. As a material of the watch cover glass, sapphire glass is particularly preferable from the viewpoints of hardness and transparency.

[Configuration of Antireflection Layer 12]
The antireflection layer 12 is formed on one surface of the substrate 11 and is a multilayer film obtained by alternately laminating inorganic thin films having different refractive indexes, and includes a layer having an ultraviolet cut function or an infrared cut function. Yes. Here, the antireflection layer 12 is formed of a high refractive index ultraviolet cut layer 121 and a low refractive index infrared cut layer 122 in this order from the substrate 11 side.
Note that the order of stacking the ultraviolet cut layer 121 and the infrared cut layer 122 is not limited to this, and the layers may be stacked in reverse order as long as the layers are stacked in the order of high refractive index and low refractive index from the substrate 11 side.

For the ultraviolet cut layer 121, a material that reflects or absorbs ultraviolet rays is used. For example, ITO, etc. TiO ₂ and SnO ₂ and the like.
The infrared cut layer 122 is made of a material that absorbs infrared rays. For example, ITO, SiOC, AlN, etc. are mentioned.
Among these materials, ITO, TiO ₂ and SnO ₂ were measured for absorption characteristics and reflectance in the ultraviolet region and infrared region. 2 shows the ultraviolet and infrared absorption characteristics of ITO, FIG. 3 shows the ultraviolet absorption characteristics of TiO ₂ , and FIG. 4 shows the ultraviolet absorption characteristics of SnO ₂ .

In addition, since the antireflection layer 12 is formed of layers having different refractive indexes and exhibits an antireflection function, it is necessary to select materials having different refractive indexes as the materials used for the ultraviolet cut layer 121 and the infrared cut layer 122. There is.
Table 1 below shows the results of measuring the refractive index of the above-described materials using an ellipsometer and the evaluation of the presence or absence of an ultraviolet cut function and an infrared cut function.

From Table 1, when ITO is selected for the ultraviolet cut layer 121, SiOC may be selected for the infrared cut layer 122. When TiO ₂ or SnO ₂ is selected for the ultraviolet cut layer 121, either SiOC or AlN may be selected for the infrared cut layer 122.
Thus, combinations having different refractive indices are selected.

[Formation process of antireflection layer 12]
When the above-described antireflection layer is formed on the surface of the substrate 11, a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, or the like is preferably used. In the vacuum evaporation method, a technique such as ion beam assist can be used in combination as appropriate. These sputtering methods and vacuum vapor deposition methods can be applied by ordinary methods used for forming inorganic thin films.

[Clock structure]
FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a timepiece including the translucent member 10.
As shown in FIG. 5, in the timepiece 100 of the present embodiment, the translucent member 10 is provided as a cover glass 102 in a case 104 that houses a timepiece (movement) 103. The case 104 is provided with a back cover 105.
Here, the body surface portion of the cover glass 102 of the present embodiment includes a front surface portion 102A, a rear surface portion 102B, and a side surface portion 102C. The front surface portion 102 </ b> A corresponds to a portion outside the cover glass 102. The rear surface portion 102 </ b> B corresponds to an inner portion of the cover glass 102 and faces the dial 106 and the pointer 107.
In the present embodiment, the above-described antireflection layer 12 is located on the front surface 102 </ b> A of the cover glass 102.

[Effects of First Embodiment]
According to the first embodiment described above, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The antireflection layer 12 is formed of an ultraviolet cut layer 121 and an infrared cut layer 122 having different refractive indexes. Since the refractive indexes of the stacked layers are different, the light transmittance can be increased and the reflectance can be reduced, and the visibility when the other side is viewed through the light-transmissive member 10 can be improved. .

(2) The ultraviolet cut layer 121 is made of a material having excellent ultraviolet absorption characteristics. Therefore, since this material sufficiently reflects or absorbs ultraviolet rays, the ultraviolet rays that pass through the translucent member can be significantly cut.

(3) A material having excellent infrared absorption characteristics was used for the infrared cut layer 122. Therefore, since this material sufficiently absorbs infrared rays, the infrared rays that pass through the translucent member can be significantly cut.

(4) The respective materials were selected so that the refractive index of the ultraviolet cut layer 121 and the infrared cut layer 122 were different. That is, the ultraviolet cut layer 121 and the infrared cut layer 122 can be incorporated into the optical design of the antireflection layer 12.
Therefore, the translucent member 10 sufficiently reduces the refractive index of the surface of the translucent member 10 due to the difference in the refractive index of each layer, and a good antireflection effect is obtained. And the infrared cut function by the infrared cut layer 122 can also be exhibited.

(5) The translucent member 10 includes a base material 11 made of an inorganic oxide and an antireflection layer 12 made of a multilayer film of inorganic oxide. Therefore, delamination hardly occurs inside the antireflection layer 12. Further, since the adhesion between the antireflection layer 12 and the base material 11 is excellent, peeling between the antireflection layer 12 and the base material 11 hardly occurs. That is, the translucent member 10 that can maintain the antireflection effect for a long time can be provided.

(6) By forming the inorganic oxide layer constituting the antireflection layer 12 by sputtering, the hardness of the entire antireflection layer 12 can be further improved as compared with the case where the inorganic oxide layer is formed by simple vapor deposition. Not only can the adhesion between the antireflection layer 12 and the substrate 11 and the interlayer adhesion within the antireflection layer 12 be improved. Therefore, as a result, it can contribute to improvement of scratch resistance.

(7) In the timepiece 100, since the translucent member 10 is provided in the case 104 as the cover glass 102, the visibility of information is improved by the antireflection function of the translucent member 10. Further, since the ultraviolet ray cut layer 121 and the infrared ray cut layer 122 are located on the front surface portion 102A of the cover glass 102, ultraviolet rays and infrared rays can be greatly cut, and temperature changes of the dial and driving device of the timepiece 100 can be reduced. Since it can suppress, a hand movement is not disturbed and exact time can be carved over a long term.

[Second Embodiment]
The translucent member of 2nd Embodiment is the cover glass for timepieces similarly to 1st Embodiment, and sectional drawing of the translucent member of 2nd Embodiment is shown by FIG.
In FIG. 6, the translucent member 20 includes a transparent base material 21 made of an inorganic oxide, an antireflection layer 22 formed on one surface 21 </ b> A of the base material 21, and the other surface 21 </ b> B of the base material 21. The formed ultraviolet cut layer 23 and the infrared cut layer 24 formed on the ultraviolet cut layer 23 are provided.

[Material of the base material 21]
The material of the base material 21 is an inorganic oxide, and examples thereof include sapphire glass, quartz glass, and soda glass. As a material of the watch cover glass, sapphire glass is particularly preferable from the viewpoints of hardness and transparency.

[Configuration of Antireflection Layer 22]
The antireflection layer 22 is a multilayer film that is formed on one surface 21A of the substrate 21 and is obtained by alternately laminating inorganic thin films having a low refractive index and a high refractive index.
The antireflection layer 22 includes four layers 221 (high refractive index layer), 222 (low refractive index layer), 223 (high refractive index layer), and 224 (low refractive index layer).
As a material of the inorganic thin _{film, SiO 2, HfO 2, Ta} 2 O 5, TiO 2, Al 2 O 3, MgO, Gd 2 O 3, La 2 O 3, Pr 6 O 11, ZnO, ZrO 2, In 2 Examples include inorganic oxides such as O ₃ , Nd ₂ O ₃ , ThO ₂ , SnO ₂ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , CeO _2, and Bi ₂ O ₃ . In particular, the low refractive index layer constituting the outermost layer portion of the antireflection layer is preferably made of Al ₂ O ₃ from the viewpoint of scratch resistance.

[Configuration of UV cut layer 23]
The ultraviolet cut layer 23 is formed on the other surface 21 </ b> B of the base material 21. As a material used for the ultraviolet cut layer 23, a material that reflects or absorbs ultraviolet rays is selected. For example, ITO, etc. TiO ₂ and SnO ₂ and the like.

[Configuration of Infrared Cut Layer 24]
The infrared cut layer 24 is formed on the ultraviolet cut layer 23. As the material used for the infrared cut layer 24, a material that absorbs infrared rays is selected, and examples thereof include ITO, SiOC, and AlN.

[Formation process of each layer]
When forming the above-mentioned antireflection layer, ultraviolet cut layer, and infrared cut layer on the surface of the base material 21, a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, or the like is preferably used. In the vacuum evaporation method, a technique such as ion beam assist can be used in combination as appropriate. These sputtering methods and vacuum vapor deposition methods can be applied by ordinary methods used for forming inorganic thin films.

  The translucent member 20 manufactured as described above is used as a watch cover glass as in the first embodiment.

[Effects of Second Embodiment]
According to the second embodiment described above, in addition to the operational effects (1) to (3) and (5) to (7) of the first embodiment described above, the following operational effects are obtained.
(8) In the second embodiment, the antireflection layer 22 is formed on one surface of the substrate 21, and the ultraviolet cut layer 23 and the infrared cut layer 24 are formed on the other surface. The antireflection layer 22 has a multilayer structure in which inorganic oxides conventionally used are laminated.
Since there are many materials that can be used for the antireflection layer 22, a layer having an optimal antireflection function can be formed therefrom. Therefore, the translucent member 20 excellent in the antireflection function can be provided.

[Modification of the present invention]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various improvements and modifications can be made within a range in which the object of the present invention can be achieved.

  For example, the translucent member of the present invention is not limited to a cover member used in a watch, but is an information display unit in various devices such as a mobile phone, a portable information device, a measuring device, a digital camera, a printer, a diving computer, and a pulse meter. The cover member can be suitably used.

  Moreover, as a base material of a translucent member, high-hardness sapphire glass is suitable, but use of quartz glass, soda glass, etc. may also be considered.

Furthermore, in the said embodiment, although the ultraviolet cut layer and the infrared cut layer were formed one layer at a time, the number of the layers to laminate | stack can be selected arbitrarily.
In particular, in the first embodiment, as long as at least one ultraviolet cut layer and one infrared cut layer are included in the antireflection layer, the other layers are not limited to the above materials. That is, the material used for the conventional antireflection layer may be used. Specifically, the materials exemplified in the second embodiment can also be used.

  In the first embodiment, the antireflection layer 12 including the ultraviolet ray cut layer 121 and the infrared ray cut layer 122 is formed on one surface of the substrate 11, but may be formed on both surfaces of the substrate 11.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples at all.

<Test 1>
An antireflection layer shown in Examples 1 and 2 below was formed on one side of a substrate to produce a cover glass, and the reflectance, ultraviolet cut rate, and infrared cut rate of this cover glass were evaluated.

[Example 1]
An antireflection layer composed of an ITO layer and a SiOC layer was formed on one side of the substrate.
(Formation of antireflection layer)
(1) First, ITO having an ultraviolet cut function and an infrared cut function is laminated on the surface of the substrate.
The sapphire glass as a substrate was immersed in hot sulfuric acid at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes, rinsed with pure water for 20 minutes, and then dried in an air oven set at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes.
Next, after setting this base material inside the sputtering apparatus, evacuation was performed to a pressure of 10 ⁻⁶ Torr. Subsequently, Ar (argon) gas was introduced into the apparatus to 0.2 mTorr. And RF200W was applied to the ITO target and ITO sputtering was performed. The sputtering time was set so that the film thickness was 477 nm.

(2) Next, SiOC having an infrared cut function is laminated on the ITO layer.
The inside of the apparatus was evacuated to a pressure of 10 ⁻⁶ Torr. Subsequently, Ar gas and O ₂ gas were introduced into the apparatus to obtain 0.2 mTorr. Subsequently, SiOC sputtering was performed by applying RF200W to the SiOC target. The sputtering time was set so that the film thickness of the SiOC layer was 100 nm.

[Example 2]
An antireflection layer composed of a TiO ₂ layer and a SiOC layer was formed on one side of the substrate.
The sputtering time was adjusted so that the film thickness of the TiO ₂ layer was 103 nm and the film thickness of the SiOC layer was 99 nm, and the film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.

[Comparative Example 1]
The sapphire glass used in Example 1 and Example 2 was used untreated.

  The translucent members of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 were evaluated by the following methods.

(1) Reflectance (%)
The reflectance of standard light incident on the substrate surface at an incident angle of 90 ° is obtained, and this reflectance is multiplied by the luminous sensitivity at an incident angle of 90 ° at each wavelength in the visible light region. It calculated based on the integrated value.

(2) UV cut rate (%)
The light transmittance was measured with or without an ultraviolet cut layer at a wavelength of 240 nm to 400 nm, and the value obtained by dividing the difference in the total transmittance at each wavelength by the sum of the transmittance without the ultraviolet cut layer was taken as the ultraviolet cut rate. In addition, Hitachi High-Technologies U-4100 was used for the measurement of transmittance.

(3) Infrared cut rate (%)
The light transmittance was measured with and without an infrared cut layer at a wavelength of 800 nm to 2600 nm, and the value obtained by dividing the difference in the total transmittance at each wavelength by the sum of the transmittance without the infrared cut layer was taken as the infrared cut rate. In addition, Hitachi High-Technologies U-4100 was used for the transmittance | permeability measurement.

As shown in Table 2, since Examples 1 and 2 have a very low reflectance compared to Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the visibility is good.
It can also be seen that the ultraviolet cut rate and the infrared cut rate are very high as compared with Comparative Example 1.

<Test 2>
The cover glasses of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 below were placed in an environment under sunlight, and the temperature of the driving device after a predetermined time elapsed was measured.

[Example 3]
The cover glass used in Example 1 was used.

[Comparative Example 2]
The sapphire glass used in Example 1 was used untreated.

[Comparative Example 3]
A conventional cover glass on which an antireflection layer was formed was used. The antireflection layer has a configuration in which layers made of SiO ₂ and layers made of SiN are alternately stacked.
The measurement results are shown in Table 3 below.

  As shown in Table 3, in Example 3, the temperature change could be suppressed even after a long time had elapsed. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, the temperature change increased with time.

The schematic diagram which shows the cross section of the translucent member concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. The graph which shows the ultraviolet infrared absorption characteristic of ITO. Graph showing the ultraviolet absorption characteristics of TiO _2. Graph showing the ultraviolet absorption characteristics of SnO _2. Sectional drawing of the timepiece provided with the translucent member concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. The schematic diagram which shows the cross section of the translucent member concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Translucent member, 11 ... Base material, 12 ... Antireflection layer, 121 ... Ultraviolet cut layer, 122 ... Infrared cut layer

Claims (8)

A substrate having translucency,
An antireflection layer formed on the substrate,
The antireflection layer includes an ultraviolet cut layer for cutting ultraviolet rays and an infrared cut layer for cutting infrared rays. A substrate having translucency,
An antireflection layer formed on one of the opposing surfaces of the substrate;
An ultraviolet cut layer that cuts ultraviolet rays formed on the other surface of the opposing surfaces of the substrate;
An infrared cut layer for cutting infrared rays formed on the other surface of the opposing surfaces of the base material. A translucent member, comprising: In the translucent member of Claim 1 or Claim 2,
The antireflection layer is a multilayer in which layers having different refractive indexes are laminated. In the translucent member in any one of Claims 1-3,
The ultraviolet screening layer, ITO (indium tin oxide), TiO ₂ (titanium oxide) and SnO ₂ of (tin oxide), light-transmitting member, characterized in that it comprises one at least one. In the translucent member in any one of Claims 1-4,
The infrared cut layer includes at least one of ITO (indium tin oxide), SiOC (silicon oxide carbide), and AlN (aluminum nitride). In the translucent member in any one of Claims 1-5,
The translucent member, wherein the base material is an inorganic oxide. In the translucent member of Claim 6,
The translucent member, wherein the inorganic oxide is sapphire glass. A timepiece comprising the translucent member according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The translucent member is provided in a case that accommodates a watch body.

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