JP2009180022A - Lightweight block for block wall - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lightweight block for a block wall having excellent strength and durability despite the fact that the density thereof is reduced as a measure against earthquake, environmentally-friendly formed by using industrial waste (PS ash), and having excellent economic efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: Base materials for manufacturing a lightweight block for a block wall are cement, PS ash, two types of lightweight aggregates with different specific gravities, and a general aggregate. One of the two types of lightweight aggregates is a perlite with a specific gravity of 0.6 or less, and the other lightweight aggregate is a lightweight aggregate with a higher specific gravity. These aggregates are so mixed that the block has one of the performances of an air drying bulk density of less than 1.6 g/cm<SP>3</SP>and a compressive strength of 6 N/mm<SP>2</SP>or higher, an air drying bulk density of less than 1.7 g/cm3 and a compressive strength of 8 N/mm2 or higher, and an air drying bulk density of less than 1.8 g/cm<SP>3</SP>and a compressive strength of 10 N/mm<SP>2</SP>or higher. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  Although the present invention has a low air-drying density (also simply referred to as “density”), it is excellent in strength and durability, and is environmentally friendly and economical due to the use of industrial waste. For lightweight blocks.

A general building concrete block has a density of about 2.2 g / cm ^3, and when it is used as a block fence, there is a danger that it will collapse when an earthquake or an accident occurs. For this reason, various types of lightweight blocks using lightweight cellular concrete or lightweight aggregate have been researched and developed.

Also, in the standard of JIS A 5406, the air dryness density is less than 1.7 g / cm ³ and the compressive strength is 4 N / mm ² or more (Category 08) as equivalent to a lightweight block for building (for block fence). A hollow block having an air-drying density of less than 1.9 g / cm ³ and a compressive strength of 6 N / mm ² or more (section 12) is defined.

As a prior art of a lightweight block, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a block having a compressive strength equal to or higher than the JIS standard even though the bulk specific gravity is 1.7 or less and 20% or more lighter than the conventional product. As a method for producing a demoldable block, a concrete containing 30-50% by volume of coal ash-based lightweight fine aggregate with a unit volume weight of 0.2-0.5 kg / liter and a water absorption of 15% or less is produced. A lightweight block having a bulk specific gravity of 1.7 or less, a compressive strength of 8 N / mm ² or more, and a coal ash-based lightweight fine aggregate having a unit volume weight of 0.2 to 0.5 kg / liter and a water absorption of 15% or less. A method is described in which concrete containing 30 to 50% in volume ratio is poured into a mold, subjected to vibration press molding, and then a molded body obtained by immediate demolding is cured and then split to obtain a decorative block. That.

  On the other hand, in consideration of environmental problems, various light-weight blocks that incorporate industrial waste into aggregates and other raw materials and pursue economic efficiency have been researched and developed.

  Among industrial wastes, PS ash is the waste that is emitted most from paper companies, and various studies have been made on its recycling. PS ash is a structure with fine voids and has excellent water retention, so it is known to be used for soil improvement materials and steel heat insulation materials, but recently it has also been studied for use as a water retention block. Yes.

For example, Patent Document 2 discloses that a unit cement amount of 280 to 320 kg / m ³ , unit PS as a super hard kneaded hydraulic composition containing PS ash (paper sludge ash) as industrial waste. A water retention block used for road pavement and the like in which PS ash is blended so that the ash amount is 160 to 240 kg / m ³ is described.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-313679 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-230827

  In the invention described in Patent Document 1, when compared with the standard of JIS A 5406 regarding a concrete block for building, the air dryness density corresponds to the category of 08 having the lowest air compression, but the compressive strength is 16 in two stages. It corresponds to the category. That is, high strength is achieved despite the low density.

  However, although the invention described in Patent Document 1 uses a coal ash-based lightweight fine aggregate, it does not particularly take into account the treatment of industrial waste by the effective use of industrial waste such as PS ash.

  On the other hand, the invention described in Patent Document 2 utilizes the characteristics of PS ash, which is industrial waste, and is mainly applied to a water-retaining block, so that a large amount of PS ash is used to ensure a certain level of strength. It enables the effective use and treatment of waste, emphasizing water retention, and is applied to road pavements.

  Therefore, although the invention described in Patent Document 2 has been studied for a hollow block, it is insufficient in the relationship between density and strength to be applied to a light block for a block cage.

The present invention aims to make effective use of PS ash, which is industrial waste, and is lighter (air dryness density is less than 1.8 g / cm ³ ) compared to the light block for JIS standard block firewood. The object of the present invention is to provide a light-weight block for a block cage which is stronger in density, environmentally friendly and excellent in economic efficiency.

The invention according to claim 1 of the present application is a lightweight block for a block cage having an air dryness density of less than 1.6 g / cm ³ and a compressive strength of 6 N / mm ² or more according to a test method defined in JIS A 5406. Cement, PS ash, two types of lightweight aggregates having different specific gravities, and general aggregates, one of the two types of light aggregates is pearlite having a specific gravity of 0.6 or less, and the other is from the pearlite It is a lightweight aggregate with high specific gravity.

  JIS A 5406 is a standard for building concrete blocks, and Table 2 shows the “compressive strength against the total cross-sectional area” (compressive strength) of the hollow block (light block for block fence) in each section of 08, 12, 16 ) And “air dryness density” (specific gravity).

This of air allowed to dry density of less than 1.6 g / cm ³ is in claim 1, from provision that 1.7 g / cm less than ³ 08 categories in JIS A 5406, further 0.1 g / cm ³ low, i.e. conventional This means that the block is considerably lighter than the general hollow block.

On the other hand, the compressive strength of 6 N / mm ² or more corresponds to the value of 12 sections in JIS A 5406 and is higher than 4 N / mm ² or more of 08 section.

  Therefore, the block according to the first aspect of the invention is lighter and has a higher strength for the density than the block of 08 of JIS A 5406.

  About the relationship with a mixing | blending, Claims 1-3 are collectively demonstrated later.

The invention according to claim 2 of the present application is a lightweight block for a block cage having an air-drying density of less than 1.7 g / cm ³ and a compressive strength of 8 N / mm ² or more according to a test method defined in JIS A 5406. Cement, PS ash, two types of lightweight aggregates having different specific gravities, and general aggregates, one of the two types of light aggregates is pearlite having a specific gravity of 0.6 or less, and the other is from the pearlite It is a lightweight aggregate with high specific gravity.

The air-drying density in claim 2 of less than 1.7 g / cm ³ corresponds to the value of classification 08 in JIS A 5406.

On the other hand, the compression strength of 8 N / mm ² or more corresponds to the value of 16 sections in JIS A 5406 and is higher than 4 N / mm ² or more of 08 section.

  Accordingly, in this case as well, the block is lighter and has a higher strength for the density than the JIS A 5406 section 08. The range of density and strength in claim 2 is not much different from the case of the invention described in Patent Document 1, but in the present invention, PS ash that is disadvantageous in terms of density and strength is mixed, It differs from Patent Document 1 in that it also serves to use and process waste.

The invention according to claim 3 of the present application is a lightweight block for a block cage having an air dryness density of less than 1.8 g / cm ³ and a compressive strength of 10 N / mm ² or more according to a test method defined in JIS A 5406. Cement, PS ash, two types of lightweight aggregates having different specific gravities, and general aggregates, one of the two types of light aggregates is pearlite having a specific gravity of 0.6 or less, and the other is from the pearlite It is a lightweight aggregate with high specific gravity.

The gas allowed to dry density in claim 3 is that less than 1.8 g / cm ³ corresponds to an intermediate value of the division section and 12 of 08 in JIS A 5406.

On the other hand, a compressive strength of 10 N / mm ² or more corresponds to a value that is ² N / mm ² larger than the strength of 16 sections in JIS A 5406.

  Therefore, in this case as well, the block is lighter and has a higher strength for the density than that of the same section of JIS A5406.

  In the inventions according to claims 1 to 3, cement, PS ash, two kinds of lightweight aggregates having different specific gravity (one is pearlite having a specific gravity of 0.6 or less, and the other is a lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity higher than that of the pearlite. ), General aggregate is a common essential material.

The amount of PS ash mixed is assumed to be about 100 to 300 kg / m ³ , more preferably about 150 to 250 kg / m ³ , although it depends on the components and state of PS ash. Although a large amount of PS ash as industrial waste can be efficiently recycled, the specific gravity of PS ash is usually about 2.3, and if the amount is too large, the object of the present invention It is difficult to reduce the weight and develop good strength.

Further, when the unit PS ash amount is 100 kg / m ³ or more, shape retention can be ensured and it can be sufficiently used as a molded product that can be quickly removed from super kneading, but the unit PS ash amount is 300 kg / m ^3. If it exceeds, the moldability may be impaired, for example, the moldability may be impaired, and sufficient strength may be difficult to obtain.

The unit amount of cement, approximately 150~400kg / m ^3, more preferably about contemplates 200~380kg / m ³ degrees but the range is compressed a little with density allowed to dry feel targeted in claims 1 to 3 It differs depending on the relationship.

If it is less than 150 kg / m ³ , sufficient compressive strength may not be obtained, and if the unit weight is increased, the compressive strength will increase, but the air dryness density of the block will increase, and if it exceeds 400 kg / m ³ , There is a risk that the lightness of the present invention cannot be achieved.

Perlite with a specific gravity of 0.6 or less, which is one of two types of lightweight aggregates with different specific gravities, is blended mainly for the purpose of reducing the weight, that is, reducing the density of the block, and the blending amount is about 100 to 250 kg / m ^3. A level of about 150 to 200 kg / m ³ is assumed. If the blending amount exceeds 250 kg / m ³ , the strength of the block may decrease.

  Since pearlite is inexpensive and easily available, it is suitable as a material for reducing the density.

  The other of the two types of lightweight aggregates is mainly used to adjust the density and strength of the entire block and is not necessarily limited to artificial aggregates. A high one is preferred.

  Examples of the lightweight aggregate include mesalite, hard pearlite, new U-light, pumice, ceramic foam particles, and the aggregate defined in JIS A 5002 “Structural lightweight concrete aggregate”.

  By using these two types of lightweight aggregates in combination and adjusting the blending amount, it becomes easy to adjust the target air-drying density and compressive strength. Moreover, it becomes easy to adjust the particle size distribution by using two kinds of lightweight aggregates in combination. Although it is conceivable to use three or more kinds of lightweight aggregates in combination, it is not preferable because the composition is complicated.

  Moreover, the general aggregate as used in the field of this invention means general aggregates other than a lightweight aggregate, and natural aggregates, artificial aggregates, and recycled aggregates, such as mountain sand, can be used. General aggregate is used as a reinforcing material.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the lightweight block for a block cage according to the first, second, or third aspect, the lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity higher than that of the pearlite is a lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity of 2.0 or less. is there.

When the specific gravity is larger than 2.0, an air-drying density block which is an object of the present invention (the air-drying density is less than 1.6 g / cm ³ in claim 1, and the air-drying density is less than 1.7 g / cm ^{3 in} claim 2) In claim 3, it is difficult to adjust the air-drying density to less than 1.8 g / cm ³ .

  A suitable lightweight aggregate has a specific gravity of 1.2 to 1.8. Examples of lightweight aggregates in this range include expansive shale-based artificial lightweight aggregates such as mesalite and asanolite.

  A fifth aspect of the present invention is the lightweight block for block cages according to the first to fourth aspects, wherein the lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity higher than that of the pearlite is a lightweight aggregate of FM 2.4 to 4.5. is there. More preferably, it is a lightweight aggregate of FM 3.5-4.5.

  FM indicates the particle size structure of the aggregate, and it is said that fine aggregate is preferably 2.6 to 3.1 and coarse aggregate is 6 to 8. Therefore, the aggregate of the present invention is a slightly coarse fine aggregate.

  Also, in experiments conducted on lightweight aggregates with high specific gravity, a higher compression strength is obtained for the molded blocks when there is no variation in particle size than when there is variation in particle size.

  Under such conditions, one of the preferred lightweight aggregates is a product name manufactured by Nippon Mesalite Industry Co., Ltd., which is a single-grain artificial lightweight aggregate obtained by pulverizing, granulating, and firing expansive shale. “Mesalite GS” may be mentioned.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the lightweight block for a block cage according to the first to fifth aspects, an admixture for increasing the strength of cement is further included.

  Various admixtures for increasing the strength of cement have been developed, but by blending in a range where the cost does not increase significantly, it is easy to adjust the compressive strength without greatly changing the target air dryness density. Become.

  Examples of the admixture include active silica powder such as silica fume, anhydrous gypsum, blast furnace slag fine powder, and water glass. A commercially available cement strength enhancer may also be used.

  A seventh aspect of the present invention is a light weight block for a block cage according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, wherein the admixture is preferably made of blast furnace slag fine powder and anhydrous gypsum.

  As a concrete product marketed, the trade name “Cerapower CP-30” manufactured by D.S. In the case of steam curing, those containing anhydrous gypsum are preferable.

  Claim 8 limits the case where the said general aggregate is a reproduction | regeneration aggregate in the lightweight block for block cages which concerns on Claims 1-7.

  As the recycled aggregate, there is a high-quality one obtained by processing a crushed waste concrete lump with a grinder or the like, but in the present invention, it may be a grade obtained by crushing a secondary concrete product. In addition, recycled aggregates and other general aggregates can be used in combination.

  A ninth aspect of the present invention is the lightweight block for block cages according to the first to eighth aspects, wherein the block surface is waterproofed.

  If the water absorption rate of the block is large, the weight of the block may increase due to water absorption, and the block may deteriorate due to repeated drying and wetting and freezing and thawing of the contained water. It is preferable. Even in JIS A 5406, the classification of 08 and 12 is not defined, but the upper limit of the water absorption rate is defined in 16 classifications or more in which the weight increases (less than 10% in 16 classifications).

  Since the PS ash and lightweight aggregate used in the present invention are materials having a high water absorption rate as the material itself, the water absorption rate of the block itself shown in claims 1 to 8 is not sufficiently low. It is conceivable to eliminate the disadvantage in terms of water absorption by applying a waterproof treatment to the block surface.

  Methods for waterproofing include surface impregnation method, surface coating method, etc., for example, epoxy resin, urethane resin, polymer cement coating waterproofing material, siliceous coating waterproofing material, acrylic resin system, aqueous silane system, etc. The coating method is mentioned.

According to the present invention, while making effective use of PS ash, which is industrial waste, it is lighter (air-drying density is less than 1.8 g / cm ³ ) compared to the light block for JIS standard block firewood. When compared at a density of about a degree, a lighter block for a block cage having higher strength, environmental friendliness and economy can be obtained.

  Moreover, by using two types of lightweight aggregates together, the density of the block can be adjusted by the other lightweight aggregates while the density of the blocks is reduced by pearlite having a specific gravity of 0.6 or less. . Therefore, since the lightweight block for block ridges having different air-drying density and compressive strength can be easily manufactured, an assortment can be achieved.

  Further, when a strength enhancing admixture, an artificial lightweight aggregate having a specific particle size, or the like is used in combination, it is easy to ensure the required strength, and density adjustment for weight reduction of the block is facilitated.

  Next, the light block for the block cage of the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as “light block”) will be described in more detail.

[block]
The lightweight block of the present invention is suitable for use as a block fence, so it is intended for use as a block fence, but for those with high density and strength, it can also be used as a planting / horticultural block such as a sidewalk block or a flower bed. it can. The shape and dimensions of the lightweight block are not particularly limited, and may be the same as those used for conventional applications. If it is for block cages, it conforms to the standard of JIS A 5406, and has the same shape and dimensions as a conventional block cage block that is commercially available.

  The lightness (air-dryness density) and strength are as described above, and are within the range indicated by the oblique lines in FIG. FIG. 1 also shows the ranges defined in claims 1 to 3 of the present application and the ranges of sections 08 and 12 of JIS A 5406.

  In addition to these, the water absorption is an important physical property and is not particularly limited, but it is desirable that the water absorption is low.

[Constituent materials]
The lightweight block of the present invention includes cement, PS ash, pearlite, lightweight aggregate having higher specific gravity than pearlite, and general aggregate. As one of the objects of the present invention, “effective use of PS ash” is also mentioned, so PS ash is also an essential material in the present invention.

  The kind of cement used in the present invention is not particularly limited. Various portland cements such as ordinary portland cement and early-strength portland cement, various cements such as blast furnace cement, silica fume cement, and eco-cement can be used.

PS ash is incineration ash of sludge generated in the papermaking process of a paper mill, and is mainly composed of SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , and CaO. The main constituents are gehlenite, anorthite, free lime, and other glass phases.

  Furthermore, since PS ash has fine voids, it has a water retention effect. Therefore, in the immediate deblocking with a low water ratio, the shape retention is improved by mixing. Since PS ash is incinerated ash of papermaking sludge as described above, there are variations in the proportion of each constituent organism, the amount of free lime, the proportion of glass phase, etc., depending on the production conditions. The PS ash used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but a glass phase having a larger glass phase is preferable because a pozzolanic reaction proceeds. In addition, it is preferable that free lime is contained in an amount of about 2 to 5% because the strength is improved.

  Perlite is obtained by firing and foaming nacre and / or obsidian at 800 to 1000 ° C. There are various physical properties (strength, specific gravity, particle size, etc.) such as soft pearlite and hard pearlite depending on foaming conditions and raw material conditions. In the present invention, a material having a specific gravity of 0.6 or less is used in order to reduce the weight. If the specific gravity is higher than this, it is difficult to reduce the weight. The particle size configuration is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2.0 mm or less.

  In the present invention, a lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity higher than that of pearlite is used as the lightweight aggregate. This is because the pearlite alone can reduce the weight, but it is difficult to secure the strength required for the block cage block.

  If a large amount of general aggregate or inorganic powder is used in order to ensure the strength, even if the strength can be ensured, it will not be possible to secure the light weight. Therefore, in order to improve the strength without greatly changing the lightness, a lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity higher than that of pearlite is used. In general, the higher the specific gravity, the higher the strength. Therefore, the use of a lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity lower than that of pearlite generally cannot improve the strength.

  Since the pearlite used in the present invention has a specific gravity of 0.6 or less, the lightweight aggregate having a higher specific gravity than the pearlite in the present invention is a lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity exceeding 0.6. The specific gravity is not particularly limited as long as this range is satisfied and the strength is high, but as described above, the higher the specific gravity, the higher the strength tends to be. (Even if the specific gravity is low, it may be high if it is high strength.) A preferable numerical range of specific gravity is 1.2 to 1.8. The particle size configuration is not particularly limited, but those having an FM (coarse particle ratio) of 2.4 to 4.5 are preferable. In addition, a single particle size (sharp particle size distribution) is better. It is also preferable that the water absorption is low. Examples of commercially available products include mesalite, asanolite, new U-light, and pumice.

  General aggregate is blended for further reinforcement. General aggregates include natural aggregates such as river sand, crushed stone, crushed sand, recycled aggregates, and artificial aggregates. Recycled aggregate generally refers to a material obtained by grinding a crushed concrete waste material to remove a paste part or a mortar part. However, in the present invention, a concrete secondary product is simply crushed, or concrete waste material is crushed. Things are also included. Although a particle size structure is not specifically limited, FM1.8-5.0 is preferable.

  In addition to the above, the lightweight block of the present invention preferably contains an admixture for increasing the strength of cement. If the amount of cement is increased, the strength can be increased. However, the density of the blocks is increased, so that the weight cannot be reduced. If this admixture is used, the strength can be increased without increasing the amount of cement.

  The kind of this admixture is as described above. Among these, it is preferable to use a combination of anhydrous gypsum and blast furnace slag fine powder. Anhydrous gypsum is effective in increasing the strength of steam-cured products, and blast furnace slag fine powder is effective in increasing strength by pozzolanic reaction with cement.

[Combination ratio]
In the above materials, the blending ratio (unit amount) per 1 m ^{3 of} cement, PS ash, and pearlite is as described above. A desirable ratio of cement and PS ash is PS ash / cement = 0.7 to 1.1 in weight ratio. If it is out of this range, it is difficult to ensure either lightness or strength.

  The unit amount of the lightweight aggregate (S) having a specific gravity higher than that of pearlite (PA) varies considerably depending on the quality and performance of the lightweight aggregate to be used, and thus cannot be unconditionally limited. In such a case, an amount such that PA / (PA + S) = 0.2 to 0.6 by weight ratio is preferable.

  In addition, the unit amount of general aggregates varies considerably depending on the type of aggregate and the particle size configuration, and thus cannot be limited in general. However, as shown in the examples described later, perlite (PA) and mesalite (S), which are light aggregates, When the recycled aggregate (B) is used as the aggregate, an amount of about B / (PA + S) = 0.1 to 0.5 is preferable.

  It should be noted that the unit amount of the admixture for increasing the strength of cement added as necessary varies considerably depending on the type, and thus cannot be generally limited. As shown in the examples described later, the case where Cerapower CP-30 is used is as described above.

[Waterproofing]
The lightweight block of the present invention has an air-drying density and a compressive strength in the range of the hatched portion in FIG. 1, but in addition, has a low water absorption (a water absorption of 10% or less in the JIS A 5406 test method). Preferably there is.

  In order to ensure sufficient low water absorption, the lightweight block of the present invention is preferably waterproofed. The outline of the waterproofing process is as described above, and any conventional technique related to the waterproofing process can be applied within the scope of the object of the present invention.

[Production method]
An outline of an example of manufacturing the lightweight block of the present invention is shown below. After the kneaded concrete is molded into a predetermined mold while being vibrated, the mold is removed immediately, and after 2 to 4 hours, steam curing at 40 to 80 ° C. is performed for about 4 to 6 hours, and the mold is cured in the air. .

[Construction method]
The lightweight block of the present invention is the same as the conventional block cage block except that it is lightweight and has practical strength. Therefore, the construction method of the block fence with the lightweight block of the present invention may be the same as the construction method of the conventional ordinary concrete block or the lightweight concrete block. If the lightweight block of this invention is used, the block fence corresponding to an earthquake will be obtained cheaply.

  Hereinafter, test examples related to the present invention will be described.

  As an actual machine test, we prototyped a block using an actual block manufacturing plant line and evaluated its performance in order to confirm the blending of the light weight block for block fence of the present invention, which was narrowed down in a preliminary experiment (described later), and its effect. . Table 1 summarizes the formulations (Test Examples 1 to 24) and the test results.

  The materials used are as follows.

C: cement (density 3.15 g / cm ³ ),
B: Recycled aggregate; concrete secondary product crushed grains (density 2.46 g / cm ³ ) ... general aggregate,
PA: perlite (density 0.52 g / cm ³ ),
PS: PS ash (density 2.27 g / cm ³ ),
MR: Mesalite (density 1.86 g / cm ³ , FM 2.61) ... lightweight aggregate with higher specific gravity than pearlite,
GS: Mesalite GS (density 1.71 g / cm ³ , FM 4.17) ... lightweight aggregate with higher specific gravity than pearlite,
CP30: Cerapower CP-30 (density 2.92 g / cm ³ ) ... admixture for increasing the strength of cement,
W: Water.
(“Mesalite” and “Mesalite GS” are trade names of artificial lightweight aggregates manufactured by Nippon Mesalite Industry Co., Ltd., and Cerapower CP-30 is a trade name of cement admixtures for strength enhancement made by Dai Shi Co., Ltd. )

  The particle size distribution of the aggregate used is shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the mass percentage (%) passing through the sieve by the method of the aggregate test.

  The test item was performed in accordance with the block performance test item in JIS A5406. However, the compressive strength was determined by measuring the initial strength at 3 days of age and the strength at 14 days of age.

  As a manufacturing procedure of the block by this actual machine, after molding in a predetermined mold using a kneading amount of blending amount, the block was removed immediately, and steam curing was performed at 65 ° C. for the removed block. Further, the water powder ratio was set to a low water ratio as shown in Table 1 in order to enable immediate demolding of low slump kneading.

Test Example in Table 1 1, to reduce the density of the product, in the formulation of a unit amount of cement was kept low at 216 kg / m ^3, the unit amount of pearlite (density 0.52 g / cm ³⁾ to as 199kg / m ³ This is a case where the air-drying density is the smallest, but on the other hand, only 3.79 N / mm ² of compressive strength at the age of 14 days can be obtained, and the light weight block for the block cage of the present invention is It was confirmed that it was not suitable.

In Test Example 2, the amount of recycled aggregate (density 2.46 g / cm ³ ) used as a general aggregate is increased, but the compression strength at the age of 14 days is still within the target range of the present invention. Not reached.

Test Example 3 is a test example in which the amount of pearlite for reducing the density was reduced and the amount of mesalite GS (density 1.71 g / cm ³ , FM 4.17) was increased compared to Test Example 1. Condition 1 is satisfied.

  Test Examples 4 and 6 are cases where Cerapower CP-30 as an admixture for increasing the strength of cement was not used, and the amount of cement was increased, but the compressive strength was within the target range of the present invention. Has not reached.

  Test Example 5 is a case where the amount of pearlite is larger than that of Test Example 3 under the condition that the amount of cement is relatively small, and the compressive strength does not reach the target range of the present invention.

In Test Example 7, the amount of cement was slightly larger than Test Example 1, and the amount of perlite for lowering the density was slightly suppressed, and the amount of mesalite (density 1.86 g / cm ³ , FM 2.61) was increased. This shows that the target compressive strength can be obtained by well-balanced the blending of the materials used in the blend with the air-dryness density suppressed as much as possible, and the air-dryness density is 1.41 g / cm. ^Although it is considerably small as ³ , the compressive strength at the age of 14 days is 6.02, which satisfies the condition of claim 1.

Test Examples 8, 9, and 10 are cases where the blending amount of pearlite for reducing the density exceeds 250 kg / cm ³ , while the blending amount of recycled aggregate is small, and blending of pearlite with a low specific gravity in the blending balance If the amount is excessive, it indicates that sufficient compression strength cannot be obtained.

  In Test Example 11, compared with Test Example 1, the amount of recycled aggregate is large, and the numerical values of the air-drying density and the compressive strength are increased accordingly, but the target compressive strength is reached in the present invention. Not.

In Test Examples 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, the unit amount of cement was suppressed to 216 kg / m ³ and aimed at a relatively low density range, but Test Example 12 in which the use amount of pearlite was suppressed. , 13, and 16 have high compressive strength, and those of Test Example 12 satisfy not only claim 2 but also the condition of claim 3. Test Example 13 satisfies the conditions of Claims 1 and 2, Test Examples 14 and 15 satisfy the conditions of Claim 1, and Test Example 16 satisfies the conditions of Claim 2.

In Test Example 17, the unit amount of cement and pearlite was slightly suppressed from Test Example 7, and the amount of Cerapower CP-30 (density 2.92 g / cm ³ ) as an admixture for increasing the strength of cement was slightly increased. And the air-drying density is 1.66 g / cm ³ , and the compressive strength at the age of 14 days is 10.19 N / mm ² , so that not only claim 2 but also the condition of claim 3 is satisfied. .

On the other hand, in Test Example 18, the amount of cement and Cerapower CP-30 was slightly increased and the amount of recycled aggregate was slightly decreased compared to that in Test Example 17, and the air-drying density was 1.57 g / Although it decreased to cm ³ and the compressive strength at the age of 14 days decreased to 8.83 N / mm ² , the conditions of claims 1 and 2 were also satisfied.

Test Examples 19, 20, 21, and 22 are intended to increase the unit amount of cement to 362 kg / m ³ while using Cerapower CP-30, aiming for a high strength range. For Nos. 19, 21, and 22, the air-drying density is in the vicinity of 1.60 g / cm ³ , and the compressive strength exceeds 10 N / mm ² , so that not only claim 2 but also the condition of claim 3 is satisfied. ing. Test Example 20 has an air-drying density of 1.71 g / cm ³ and does not satisfy the condition of Claim 2, but it has a compressive strength of 14.01 N / mm ² and sufficiently satisfies the condition of Claim 3. ing.

  Test Example 23 is a case where an admixture for increasing the strength of cement is not used, but it is not always necessary to use the admixture by increasing the unit amount of cement and setting the unit amount of mesalite GS slightly larger. In addition, a block satisfying the conditions of claims 1 and 2 was obtained.

  In Test Example 24, the unit amount of mesalite GS is significantly smaller than that in Test Example 23, but on the other hand, the amount of Cerapower CP-30 as an admixture for strength enhancement is slightly increased. A block that satisfies the following conditions was obtained.

  Thus, it can be seen that the present invention can be obtained mainly by adjusting the amount of pearlite or mesalite on the density side and adjusting the amount of cement, mesalite or cerapower CP-30 on the strength side. In addition, the amount of PS ash was made almost constant in consideration of the treatment amount and the influence on the physical properties of the block.

Further, as a difference in effect between mesalite (density 1.86 g / cm ³ , FM 2.61) and mesalite GS (density 1.71 g / cm ³ , FM 4.17), the density of mesalite is larger, but the particle size The value of FM indicating the configuration is large for mesalite GS, and test examples 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 using mesalite are conspicuously insufficient in strength compared to the examples using other mesalite GS. Only Test Example 7 satisfied the conditions of the invention. Therefore, it can be said that mesalite GS having a larger FM value than mesalite is more preferable.

  In addition, the compounding in the experiment of the above-mentioned Table 1 was determined as a compounding for an actual machine based on the result of conducting various preliminary experiments in the laboratory (the materials used and the test method are the laboratory). Therefore, it does not necessarily match those of the present invention, and as a preliminary experiment, the characteristics of individual elements, etc. were obtained, and the use of pearlite, use of PS ash, and light weight other than pearlite. The use of aggregates and the use of general aggregates (recycled aggregates) were preconditions for the experiment based on the history of block development.

  The following experiments 1 to 4 will be briefly described as main experiments among the tests performed in the laboratory (experiment methods, data, etc. are omitted).

Experiment 1: Selection of amount of pearlite Experiment 2: Use of cement admixture for increasing strength of cement (trade name “Cerapower CP-30”) Experiment 3: Light-weight aggregate to be used in combination with pearlite (trade names “Mesalite”, “Mesalite GS” ]) Use experiment Experiment 4: Unit cement amount change experiment

Experiment 1 aims at grasping the compressive strength characteristics by changing the blending amount of pearlite (density 0.52 g / cm ³ ) in the blend assuming a block with a compressive strength of 10 N / mm ² . Pumice (density 1.69 g / cm ³ ) was used as the lightweight aggregate.

  When the lightweight aggregate is pumice, the density of the block is naturally lower if the replacement ratio of the lightweight aggregate by pearlite is high. It was confirmed that the strength of can be secured.

Experiment 2 was conducted by adding the above-mentioned Cerapower CP-30 (density 2.92 g / cm ³ ) as an admixture for increasing the strength of cement to some of the blends obtained in Experiment 1, and performing the experiment to measure the rate of strength increase. Was confirmed. There are various admixtures for increasing the strength of cement, but Cerapower CP-30 was selected in consideration of the price, ease of handling, effects, and the like.

  Although the block density after curing increases slightly depending on the blending amount, a significant improvement in compression strength was seen, confirming that it can be used to adjust the target air dryness density and compression strength. .

  However, based on the results of Experiments 1 and 2 above, it is judged that pumice is difficult to obtain sufficient strength as an aggregate to be used in combination with pearlite, and in Experiment 3, the strength is higher than pumice with the same specific gravity. Experiments were performed using the above-mentioned trade names “Mesalite” and “Mesalite GS” which are possible artificial lightweight aggregates.

From the compressive strength test results in Experiment 3, it was confirmed that the compressive strength was higher than that of pumice by using mesalite and mesalite GS. Especially, mesalite GS (density) having a high FM value and a single particle size. 1.71 g / cm ³ and FM 4.17) confirmed that the compressive strength greatly increased compared to mesalite (density 1.86 g / cm ³ and FM 2.61). It was also confirmed that FM may be about 2.4 to 4.5.

  However, in the range where the replacement ratio of the lightweight aggregate by mesalite GS is low, such as 20% and 40%, the moisture will float on the surface of the specimen, so that the compression strength is sacrificed for immediate demolding. It was thought that the substitution rate had to be increased to some extent.

  In Experiment 4, it was confirmed from the results of Experiment 3 that strength can be increased by using lightweight aggregates with higher specific gravity than pearlite such as mesalite and mesalite GS. Since the strength is increased even by using the Cerapower CP-30, the density is reduced without increasing the amount of cement in the combination using both of them.

  Based on the results of these experiments, the types and blends of the above-mentioned actual materials are determined, but it goes without saying that these materials and blends do not necessarily limit the scope of the present invention.

It is the graph which compared and showed the range of the air-dryness density and compression strength in the lightweight block for block cages of this invention, and the range of the air-dryness density and compression strength in the division 08,12 of JISA5406. It is the graph which showed the aggregate particle size distribution of the material used in the real machine test of the lightweight block for block cages of this invention.

Claims (9)

Light block for block wall having an air dryness density of less than 1.6 g / cm ³ and a compressive strength of 6 N / mm ² or more according to the test method specified in JIS A 5406, which has different cement, PS ash and specific gravity 2 Including one kind of lightweight aggregate and general aggregate, one of the two kinds of lightweight aggregate is pearlite having a specific gravity of 0.6 or less, and the other is a lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity higher than that of the pearlite. Characteristic lightweight block for block fence. Light block for block wall with air dryness density of less than 1.7 g / cm ³ and compressive strength of 8 N / mm ² or more according to the test method specified in JIS A 5406, which has different cement, PS ash, specific gravity 2 Including one kind of lightweight aggregate and general aggregate, one of the two kinds of lightweight aggregate is pearlite having a specific gravity of 0.6 or less, and the other is a lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity higher than that of the pearlite. Characteristic lightweight block for block fence. Light block for block wall with air dryness density of less than 1.8 g / cm ³ and compressive strength of 10 N / mm ² or more according to the test method specified in JIS A 5406, with different cement, PS ash, specific gravity 2 Including one kind of lightweight aggregate and general aggregate, one of the two kinds of lightweight aggregate is pearlite having a specific gravity of 0.6 or less, and the other is a lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity higher than that of the pearlite. Characteristic lightweight block for block fence.   4. The lightweight block for a block cage according to claim 1, wherein the lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity higher than that of the pearlite is a lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity of 2.0 or less.   The lightweight block for block fences according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lightweight aggregate having a specific gravity higher than that of the pearlite is a lightweight aggregate of FM 2.4 to 4.5.   Furthermore, the light weight block for block fences in any one of Claims 1-5 in which the admixture for the intensity | strength improvement of cement is contained.   The lightweight block for block fences according to claim 6, wherein the admixture is made of blast furnace slag fine powder and anhydrous gypsum.   The lightweight block for a block cage according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the general aggregate is a recycled aggregate.   9. The lightweight block for a block cage according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the block surface is waterproofed.

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