JP2009136790A - Horizontal centrifugal separation device and dam forming member - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a horizontal centrifugal separation device used for separating a solid material into a heavy portion and a lightweight portion, wherein a solid portion is prevented from being accumulated on a discharge port by smoothly discharging a liquid overflown from a pool part and containing the solid portion. <P>SOLUTION: The horizontal centrifugal separation device is a rotary cylindrical body having a heavy weight portion discharge port and a lightweight portion discharge port respectively in opposed end parts and has a bowl for separating the solid material into a solution to be treated which is supplied to the inside into a precipitate and a suspended material by the action of the centrifugal force and a screw conveyer inserted into the bowl, wherein the precipitate is transferred to the heavy weight portion discharge port by a screw conveyer and dehydrated and discharged and the solution to be treated which contains the suspended material is overflown from the lightweight portion discharge portion to separate the solid material into the heavy wight portion and the lightweight portion. A dam forming member having an overflown lightweight portion guide slope surface inclined toward the rotary shaft side of the bowl is provided in the lightweight portion discharge port penetrating the end side wall part of the bowl. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a horizontal centrifuge used to separate a solid material made of, for example, a plastic crushed material into a heavy component and a light component, and a dam forming member provided in the horizontal centrifuge.

  Waste plastic recycling business has been promoted as a countermeasure to the depletion of petroleum resources and the reduction of environmental burden, and the recovered waste plastic is reclaimed. Since waste plastics collected as industrial waste and general waste contain a wide variety of waste plastics, it is necessary to sort out plastics suitable for recycling. For example, as a plastic that is regenerated as a solid fuel, an olefin-based material that is an unsaturated hydrocarbon having one or more carbon double bonds and that has a low chlorine content is preferable. A reference value has been established. The specific gravity of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), which are suitable as solid fuels, is small, and the specific gravity of vinyl chloride (PVC) containing a large amount of chlorine components is large. ing.

However, the conventional sorting method is a method in which waste plastic crushed material is put into a pool in which liquid is stored, and after waiting for heavy components such as vinyl chloride to settle, the floating light components are scooped up. The separation efficiency is poor. For this reason, there is a problem that the recovery rate of light components is poor and chlorine ions (Cl ⁻ ) are high.

  Here, the decanter is a centrifugal separator used for solid-liquid separation, but its applicability as an apparatus for separating waste plastic into a heavy part and a light part has attracted attention. As shown in FIG. 6, the decanter 1 has a basic structure in which a bowl 10 rotatable around a horizontal axis and a screw conveyor 11 inserted in the bowl 10 are disposed in a casing 12. In such a configuration, when a liquid to be processed including waste plastic crushed material is supplied into the bowl 10, heavy components such as vinyl chloride are collected by the action of centrifugal force in the pool portion 13 in which the supplied liquid to be processed is stored. Settles and a light component such as polyethylene floats in the liquid. Then, the sedimented heavy component is transferred to one end side of the bowl 10 by the screw conveyor 11, dehydrated and discharged from the heavy component discharge port 14. On the other hand, the liquid containing light components overflows and is discharged from the light component discharge port 15 formed on the other end side of the bowl 10. As a result, the waste plastic is separated into a heavy component and a light component.

  However, as described above, when the decanter 1 that has been used for solid-liquid separation is applied to the separation of heavy and light components, new problems may become apparent. One of them is a problem that light components are accumulated in the discharge port 15 when overflowing from the pool portion 13.

  That is, when used for solid-liquid separation, the clarified liquid overflows from the discharge port 15, but when applied to the separation of heavy and light components, the slurry-like liquid overflows. May be caught by, for example, an edge portion of the discharge port 15 and accumulated. A plurality of the discharge ports 15 are arranged on a concentric circle with the rotation axis of the bowl 10 as the center. If one of the discharge ports 15 accumulates, the accumulation of light components is promoted and the separation accuracy is improved. There will be a significant impact. In addition, if it is operated for a certain period of time, it will not be predictable and it will occur accidentally, so it is an effective measure even if planned cleaning work is performed for problems that do not know when this occurs. Must not.

  Further, in the conventional decanter, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, a weir 16 is provided at the discharge port 15 to adjust the liquid depth of the pool portion 13 (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In such a case, the solid content is caught on the edge portion of the weir 16, so that it becomes more likely to accumulate.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-167468

  An example of the problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems. That is, for the purpose of the present invention, when a solid is separated into a heavy component and a light component using a horizontal centrifuge, the liquid containing the solid component overflowing from the pool is quickly discharged and discharged. One example is to prevent solids from accumulating at the outlet.

  Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to enable suitable use as an apparatus for separating a solid into a heavy component and a light component without greatly modifying an existing horizontal centrifuge.

  Still another object of the present invention is to separate a light component having a chlorine content of 0.3% or less when selecting a resource to be regenerated, for example, as a solid fuel from waste plastic.

  The horizontal centrifuge of the present invention is a rotating cylindrical body having a heavy component discharge port and a light component discharge port at both ends facing each other, and the solid matter in the liquid to be treated supplied therein is subjected to the action of centrifugal force. And a screw conveyor inserted in the bowl, the debris is transferred to a heavy component discharge port by the screw conveyor, dehydrated and discharged. A horizontal centrifuge for overflowing the liquid to be treated containing the suspended matter from the light component outlet and separating the solid material into a heavy component and a light component, wherein the end side wall portion of the bowl is A dam forming member having an overflow guide inclined surface inclined toward the rotating shaft side of the bowl is provided in the light component discharge port that penetrates.

  The overflow guide inclined surface can be formed so as to straddle at least from the inlet end to the outlet end of the light component outlet. In addition, the overflow guide inclined surface may be formed to extend outward from the end side wall surface of the bowl. Furthermore, the overflow guide inclined surface can be curved along a concentric circular arc locus centering on the rotation axis of the bowl. This dam forming member can be detachably provided by a fixing means.

  The solid matter is a waste plastic crushed material, and can be separated into light components having a chlorine content of 0.3% or less.

  Further, the dam forming member of the present invention is a rotating cylindrical body having a heavy component discharge port and a light component discharge port at opposite ends, and the solid matter in the liquid to be treated supplied therein is subjected to centrifugal force. A bowl for separating the sediment and the suspended matter by action, and a screw conveyor inserted in the bowl, the sediment is transferred to the heavy material outlet by the screw conveyor, dehydrated and discharged. A dam forming member provided in a horizontal centrifugal separator for overflowing the liquid to be treated containing the suspended matter from the light component outlet and separating the solid material into a heavy component and a light component, The overflow guide inclined surface is inclined toward the rotating shaft side of the bowl, and is provided in a light component discharge port penetrating the end side wall portion of the bowl.

  The dam forming member may be formed of a member in which an overflow guide inclined surface is formed by cutting a cylindrical member obliquely.

  According to the present invention, in a horizontal centrifuge used to separate a solid material into a heavy component and a light component, a circular light component discharge port penetrating the end side wall portion of the bowl has a rotary shaft side of the bowl. Since the dam forming member having the overflow guide inclined surface inclined toward the surface is provided, the liquid containing the light component is guided to the overflow guide inclined surface and quickly discharged, so the light component discharge port It becomes possible to prevent it from accumulating.

  Further, according to the present invention, the overflow guide inclined surface is formed so as to straddle at least from the inlet end of the light component outlet to the outlet end, so that the light component is caught on the edge portion of the inlet end of the light component outlet. Can be prevented. Furthermore, by forming the overflow guide inclined surface so as to extend outward from the end side wall surface of the bowl, power consumption due to direct contact of the discharged liquid with the end side wall surface of the bowl can be prevented.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, by configuring as a detachable dam forming member, for example, solids can be separated into a heavy component and a light component without significantly remodeling an existing horizontal centrifuge used for solid-liquid separation. It is possible to make it applicable as a device for separating them. In addition, since the dam forming member can be removed and attached relatively easily, the dam forming member can be changed according to, for example, the type of solid matter, and as a result, highly accurate separation can be realized. . For example, when processing waste plastic crushed material, it is possible to separate light components having a chlorine content of 0.3% or less. Therefore, the separated light components can be effectively recycled as, for example, a solid fuel regeneration resource.

  A horizontal centrifuge according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described below.

  As shown in FIG. 1, for example, the horizontal centrifuge according to this embodiment includes a bowl 3 that forms a rotating cylindrical body inside a casing 2 having a heavy outlet 21 and a light outlet 22 below, and a screw conveyor. 4 and a supply nozzle 5 for supplying a liquid to be processed containing solid matter. The bowl 3 and the screw conveyor 4 are supported by bearings 23 and 24, and each can rotate independently. Then, the power of the motor 25 as a driving mechanism is transmitted to the pulley 27 via the rotating belt 26, whereby the bowl 3 rotates at a predetermined rotational speed, and further, the gear box 28, the spline shaft 41 as the differential speed generating mechanism, The power is transmitted to the screw conveyor 4 through the bushing 42 so that the bowl 3 and the screw conveyor 4 rotate with a relative speed difference. In addition, the code | symbol 29 is a partition wall for preventing that the separated heavy part and light part are mixed. Moreover, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, the casing 2 is the structure divided | segmented up and down, and maintenance of the bowl 3 and the screw conveyor 4 and replacement | exchange of the dam formation member mentioned later are comparatively easy by opening an upper half. It is possible.

  The body of the bowl 3 has one end formed in a cylindrical shape and the other end formed in a conical shape. The opening on one end side is closed by a circular member called a front hub 31 in this specification. The portion 32 formed in a cylindrical shape forms a pool (liquid reservoir) portion in which a liquid to be processed including solids supplied into the bowl 3 is stored. On the other hand, the portion 33 formed in a conical shape forms a beach portion that is dehydrated when the heavy component transferred to the other end of the bowl 3 by the screw conveyor 4 is detached from the liquid. A heavy part discharge port 34 is formed in the part.

  The front hub 31 has a light component discharge port 35 through which a slurry-like liquid containing light components overflows and is discharged. The light component discharge ports 35 are circular openings penetrating the front hub 31 in the thickness direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of light component discharge ports 35 are formed at equal intervals on a concentric circle centering on the rotation axis of the bowl 3. Has been. In addition, although the example which provided the six light part discharge ports 35 in FIG. 2 is described, it is not limited to this, For example, the four light part discharge ports 35 can be provided. Furthermore, the light component outlet 35 is not necessarily circular, and may be elliptical.

  Further, a dam forming member 6 having an overflow guide inclined surface 61 inclined toward the rotating shaft side of the bowl 3 is provided in the light component discharge port 35 formed in the front hub 31. For details of the dam forming member 6, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, an overflow guide formed by obliquely notching a cylindrical member whose outer diameter R1 (for example, 354 mm) substantially matches the inner diameter of the light component outlet 35. The inclined member having the inclined surface 61 is integrally formed with the flange portion 62. A bolt insertion hole 63 is formed in the flange portion 62, and is fixed to the front hub 31 so as to be detachable from the outside by a bolt as a fixing means. As an example, the inclination angle θ of the dam forming member 6 is set to 20 degrees, for example. Moreover, although the height L1 of the dam formation member 6 is determined according to how the liquid depth is set, for example, it is set to 35 mm as an example.

  The length L2 of the dam forming member 6 is set to be equal to the thickness of the front hub 31, for example, and the length L3 is set to a length that the overflow guide inclined surface 61 extends outward from the end surface of the front hub 31. Has been. That is, when the dam forming member 6 is fitted into the light component discharge port 35, the overflow guide inclined surface 61 extends at least from the inlet end to the outlet end of the light component discharge port 35 and further outside the end surface of the front hub 31. It is set to extend. Thus, by providing the extending portion, there is an advantage that it is possible to prevent power consumption due to direct contact of the discharged liquid with the front hub 31. In order to further secure this advantage, it is preferable to form the eaves 64 by cutting out the lower part of the end face of the extending portion.

  Furthermore, the overflow guide inclined surface 61 is curved along a concentric circular arc locus (R2) centering on the rotation axis of the bowl 3. As will be described later, in the horizontal centrifugal separator, the liquid to be treated is stored in the pool portion over the entire circumference on the inner circumferential surface of the bowl 3 by the action of centrifugal force generated by rotating the bowl 3. Is formed. Since the liquid surface of the liquid to be treated is formed on a concentric circle centering on the rotation axis of the bowl 3, the overflow guide inclined surface 61 is curved along a concentric circular arc locus centering on the rotation axis of the bowl 3. This has the advantage that the overflow liquid height can be made the same.

  Returning to FIG. 1, a screw blade 43 is provided along the outer peripheral surface of the body of the screw conveyor 4 inserted in the bowl 3. Further, the body portion has a cavity (buffer portion) 44 inside, and the tip of the supply nozzle 5 extends into the buffer portion 44. When the liquid to be processed containing solid matter discharged from the supply nozzle 5 is supplied into the buffer unit 44, the bowl 3 is subjected to centrifugal force through the supply port 45 formed near the center of the body part. It is the structure supplied inside.

  Then, the effect | action which isolate | separates a solid substance into a heavy part and a light part using the horizontal centrifuge mentioned above is demonstrated. For example, when waste plastic is applied to a solid material, the waste plastic is crushed to about 15 mm in advance and mixed with a liquid to be treated such as water (for example, a mixture of circulating water). Then, while the bowl 3 and the screw conveyor 4 are respectively rotated at a predetermined rotational speed, the liquid to be processed including waste plastic waste is supplied into the bowl 3. At this time, due to the action of the centrifugal force of the rotating bowl 3, the liquid to be processed is stored in the pool portion over the entire inner peripheral surface of the bowl 3, and further, the waste plastic crushing contained in the liquid to be processed Centrifugal force acts on the object, so that the heavy component settles and the light component floats. Here, in waste plastics, for example, vinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), vinylidene chloride (PVDC), polystyrene (PS), etc. are precipitated as heavy components, for example, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP). , Expanded polystyrene (EPS) etc. floats as light components.

  The heavy component settled in the liquid to be treated is dehydrated by being transported toward the other end of the bowl 3 by the screw conveyor 4 rotating with a speed difference from the bowl 3 and landing on the beach. It is discharged through the minute discharge port 34. Further, the heavy component discharged from the heavy component discharge port 34 is discharged from the heavy component outlet 21 of the casing 2 to the outside of the apparatus.

  On the other hand, the liquid to be treated containing light components overflows and is discharged from the light component discharge port 35 because the liquid is continuously supplied into the bowl 3. That is, by continuously supplying the liquid, a liquid flow from the vicinity of the center of the body portion of the bowl 3 toward one end side is formed, and the heavy components are soaked and removed by the rotating screw blades 41, so that the final flow is obtained. The liquid containing the light component that is not heavy or very small is discharged from the light component discharge port 35. At this time, the liquid containing light components is guided to the overflow guide inclined surface 61 of the dam forming member 6 and is quickly discharged as schematically shown in FIG. The liquid containing the light component thus discharged is discharged from the light component outlet 22 of the casing 2 to the outside of the apparatus, and is supplied to, for example, a vibration sieve to separate the light component and the liquid. The separated liquid can be reused as circulating water.

  According to the above-described embodiment, the dam forming member 6 having the overflow guide inclined surface 61 inclined toward the rotation axis side of the bowl 3 is provided in the light component discharge port 35 formed in the front hub 31. As a result, since the liquid containing the light component is guided to the overflow guide inclined surface 61 and quickly discharged, it is possible to prevent the solid component from being accumulated in the light component discharge port 35. Become. As a result, it is possible to prevent a problem that cannot be predicted when it occurs, and it is possible to dramatically improve the reliability of the apparatus.

  Furthermore, according to the above-described embodiment, the detachable dam forming member 6 is used, for example, without significantly remodeling the existing horizontal centrifuge used for solid-liquid separation, and the apparatus is a waste plastic sorting device. As applicable. In addition, since the dam forming member 6 can be removed relatively easily, the dam forming member can be selected depending on, for example, the type of waste plastic and whether the target type is light or heavy. 6 can be exchanged. As a result, it is possible to achieve highly accurate separation.

  Furthermore, according to the above-described embodiment, the overflow guide inclined surface 61 is formed so as to extend at least from the inlet end of the light component discharge port 35 to the outlet end, so that the light component is caught at the inlet end of the light component discharge port 35. Can be prevented. Furthermore, by forming the overflow guide inclined surface 61 so as to extend outward from the end surface of the front hub 31, it is possible to prevent power consumption due to direct contact of the discharged liquid with the front hub 31.

  Furthermore, according to the above-mentioned embodiment, it has been confirmed through actual tests that it is possible to separate a light component having a chlorine content of 0.3% or less, preferably 0.1 or less. Therefore, it was possible to effectively recycle the separated light component as, for example, a regenerated resource of solid fuel.

  As another example of the dam forming member 6, the dam forming member 6 does not necessarily have an extending portion, and may have a configuration as shown in FIG.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example of the purpose of separating light components such as PE and PP has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a heavy component such as PET may be used for the purpose of separation. PET will be used as a recycling source for fibers, for example.

  Furthermore, the horizontal centrifuge of the present embodiment can be used for other than the sorting of waste plastic. Specifically, it can be used for selection of synthetic resins and inorganic minerals.

  Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention should not be limited to the above-described embodiments, but should be determined based on the claims and equivalents thereof.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the horizontal centrifuge by embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the front hub of the said horizontal centrifuge. It is a figure which shows the dam formation member provided in the said horizontal centrifuge, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a front view, (c) is a side view. It is a figure which shows typically the effect | action of the said dam formation member. It is a figure which shows the other example of the dam formation member provided in the said horizontal centrifuge. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the conventional decanter. It is a figure which shows the weir provided in the discharge port of the conventional decanter.

Explanation of symbols

2 Casing 3 Bowl 35 Light outlet 4 Screw conveyor 5 Supply nozzle 6 Dam forming member 61 Overflow guide inclined surface

Claims (8)

Rotating cylindrical body with heavy and light outlets at opposite ends, and separates solids in the liquid to be treated supplied into sediment and suspended matter by the action of centrifugal force And a screw conveyor inserted in the bowl,
The sediment is transferred to a heavy content outlet by a screw conveyor, dehydrated and discharged, and the liquid to be treated containing the suspended matter is overflowed from the light content outlet, so that the solid matter is separated into a heavy content and a light content. A horizontal centrifuge for separating the
A horizontal centrifugal separator characterized in that a dam forming member having an overflow guide inclined surface inclined toward the rotating shaft side of the bowl is provided in a light component discharge port penetrating the end side wall portion of the bowl.   2. The horizontal centrifugal separator according to claim 1, wherein the overflow guide inclined surface is formed to extend at least from an inlet end to an outlet end of the light component outlet.   The horizontal centrifuge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the overflow guide inclined surface is formed so as to extend outward from an end side wall surface of the bowl.   The horizontal centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the overflow guide inclined surface is curved along a concentric circular arc locus centering on a rotation axis of the bowl. .   The horizontal centrifuging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the dam forming member is detachable by fixing means.   The horizontal centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the solid matter is a waste plastic crushed material, and is separated into light components having a chlorine content of 0.3% or less. Rotating cylindrical body with heavy and light outlets at opposite ends, and separates solids in the liquid to be treated supplied into sediment and suspended matter by the action of centrifugal force And a screw conveyor inserted in the bowl,
The sediment is transferred to a heavy content outlet by a screw conveyor, dehydrated and discharged, and the liquid to be treated containing the suspended matter is overflowed from the light content outlet, so that the solid matter is separated into a heavy content and a light content. A dam forming member provided in a horizontal centrifugal separator for separation into
A dam forming member having an overflow guide inclined surface inclined toward the rotating shaft side of the bowl and provided in a light component discharge port penetrating an end side wall portion of the bowl.   The dam forming member according to claim 7, wherein the dam forming member has an overflow guide inclined surface formed by obliquely cutting a cylindrical member.

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