JP2009114930A - Exhaust purification device - Google Patents

Exhaust purification device Download PDF

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JP2009114930A
JP2009114930A JP2007288082A JP2007288082A JP2009114930A JP 2009114930 A JP2009114930 A JP 2009114930A JP 2007288082 A JP2007288082 A JP 2007288082A JP 2007288082 A JP2007288082 A JP 2007288082A JP 2009114930 A JP2009114930 A JP 2009114930A
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Prior art keywords
urea water
catalyst
particulate filter
exhaust gas
ammonia
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Inventor
Yoshihiro Kawada
吉弘 川田
Shinya Sato
信也 佐藤
Mitsuru Hosoya
満 細谷
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Hino Motors Ltd
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Hino Motors Ltd
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Priority to JP2007288082A priority Critical patent/JP2009114930A/en
Priority to PCT/JP2008/003190 priority patent/WO2009060599A1/en
Publication of JP2009114930A publication Critical patent/JP2009114930A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1021—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20707—Titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20715—Zirconium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/209—Other metals
    • B01D2255/2092—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/50—Zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the mounting property of an exhaust purification device capable of simultaneously reducing both particulates and NOx than before, and to suppress pressure loss. <P>SOLUTION: The exhaust purification device has a selective reduction type catalyst 3 in the middle of an exhaust pipe 4 and is adapted such that urea water 7 as a reducing agent is added upstream of the selective reduction type catalyst 3 to reduce and purify NOx. The device further has an oxidation catalyst 2 placed upstream of the position at which the urea water 7 is added and oxidizes HC in an exhaust gas 5, and a particulate filter 1 which carries a hydrolysis catalyst for hydrolyzing the urea water 7 into ammonium and a carbon dioxide gas and is placed between the position at which the urea water 7 is added and the selective reduction type catalyst 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、排気浄化装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an exhaust emission control device.

従来より、ディーゼルエンジンにおいては、排気ガスが流通する排気管の途中に、酸素共存下でも選択的にＮＯxを還元剤と反応させる性質を備えた選択還元型触媒を装備し、該選択還元型触媒の上流側に必要量の還元剤を添加して該還元剤を選択還元型触媒上で排気ガス中のＮＯx（窒素酸化物）と還元反応させ、これによりＮＯxの排出濃度を低減し得るようにしたものがある。   Conventionally, a diesel engine is equipped with a selective reduction catalyst having a property of selectively reacting NOx with a reducing agent even in the presence of oxygen in the middle of an exhaust pipe through which exhaust gas flows, and the selective reduction catalyst A required amount of a reducing agent is added to the upstream side of the catalyst so that the reducing agent undergoes a reduction reaction with NOx (nitrogen oxide) in the exhaust gas on the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, thereby reducing the NOx emission concentration. There is what I did.

他方、プラント等における工業的な排煙脱硝処理の分野では、還元剤にアンモニア（ＮＨ3）を用いてＮＯxを還元浄化する手法の有効性が既に広く知られているところであるが、自動車の場合には、アンモニアそのものを搭載して走行することに関し安全確保が困難であるため、近年においては、毒性のない尿素水を還元剤として使用することが研究されている。 On the other hand, in the field of industrial flue gas denitration treatment in plants and the like, the effectiveness of a method for reducing and purifying NOx using ammonia (NH 3 ) as a reducing agent is already widely known. Since it is difficult to ensure safety with respect to traveling with ammonia itself, in recent years, the use of non-toxic urea water as a reducing agent has been studied.

即ち、尿素水を選択還元型触媒の上流側で排気ガス中に添加すれば、該排気ガス中で尿素水がアンモニアと炭酸ガスに熱分解され、選択還元型触媒上で排気ガス中のＮＯxがアンモニアにより良好に還元浄化されることになる。   That is, if urea water is added to the exhaust gas upstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, the urea water is thermally decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust gas, and NOx in the exhaust gas is converted into the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. It will be reduced and purified well by ammonia.

他方、ディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化を図る場合、排気ガス中のＮＯxを除去するだけでは十分ではなく、排気ガス中に含まれるパティキュレート（Particulate Matter：粒子状物質）についてもパティキュレートフィルタを通して捕集する必要があるが、この種のパティキュレートフィルタを採用する場合には、目詰まりにより排気抵抗が増加しないうちにパティキュレートを適宜に燃焼除去してパティキュレートフィルタの再生を図る必要がある。   On the other hand, when purifying exhaust gas from a diesel engine, it is not enough to remove NOx in the exhaust gas, and particulates contained in the exhaust gas are also collected through the particulate filter. However, when this type of particulate filter is employed, it is necessary to regenerate the particulate filter by appropriately burning and removing the particulate before the exhaust resistance increases due to clogging.

このため、パティキュレートフィルタの前段に、フロースルー型の酸化触媒を付帯装備させ、パティキュレートの堆積量が増加してきた段階で前記酸化触媒より上流の排気ガス中に燃料を添加してパティキュレートフィルタを強制再生することが考えられている。   For this reason, a flow-through type oxidation catalyst is attached to the preceding stage of the particulate filter, and fuel is added to the exhaust gas upstream from the oxidation catalyst when the amount of particulate accumulation increases. It is considered to force playback.

つまり、酸化触媒より上流の排気ガス中に燃料を添加すれば、その添加燃料（ＨＣ）が前段の酸化触媒を通過する間に酸化反応するので、その反応熱で昇温した排気ガスの流入により直後のパティキュレートフィルタの触媒床温度が上げられてパティキュレートが燃やし尽くされ、パティキュレートフィルタの再生化が図られることになる。   In other words, if fuel is added to the exhaust gas upstream of the oxidation catalyst, the added fuel (HC) undergoes an oxidation reaction while passing through the preceding oxidation catalyst. The catalyst bed temperature of the particulate filter immediately after that is raised, the particulates are burned out, and the particulate filter is regenerated.

一般的に、前述した如き燃料添加を実行するための具体的手段としては、圧縮上死点付近で行われる燃料のメイン噴射に続いて圧縮上死点より遅い非着火のタイミングでポスト噴射を実行して排気ガス中に燃料を添加することが考えられているが、その添加燃料を効率良く強制再生に活用し且つ排気ガスが極力温度降下しないうちに添加燃料を酸化処理するためには、例えば、図３に示す如く、パティキュレートフィルタ１及びその前段の酸化触媒２を選択還元型触媒３より上流側に配置することが好ましいものと考えられている。   In general, as a specific means for performing the fuel addition as described above, the post-injection is executed at the timing of non-ignition later than the compression top dead center following the main injection of fuel performed near the compression top dead center. It is considered that the fuel is added to the exhaust gas, and in order to efficiently use the added fuel for the forced regeneration and oxidize the added fuel while the exhaust gas does not decrease in temperature as much as possible, for example, As shown in FIG. 3, it is considered preferable to dispose the particulate filter 1 and the preceding oxidation catalyst 2 upstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3.

また、図３中における符号の４は排気管、５は排気ガス、６は尿素水７を噴射する尿素水添加装置、８は複数枚の邪魔板を互い違いに配置して排気ガス５の流れを撹拌し得るように構成したミキサ、９はリークアンモニア対策として余剰のアンモニアを酸化処理するＮＨ3スリップ触媒を示している。 In FIG. 3, reference numeral 4 is an exhaust pipe, 5 is exhaust gas, 6 is a urea water addition device for injecting urea water 7, and 8 is a plurality of baffle plates arranged in a staggered manner to allow the flow of the exhaust gas 5 to flow. A mixer 9 configured to be able to stir is an NH 3 slip catalyst that oxidizes surplus ammonia as a countermeasure against leaked ammonia.

そして、斯かる従来構造においては、尿素水７の混合・拡散の効率を上げて尿素水７のアンモニアへの分解を促進するために、パティキュレートフィルタ１と選択還元型触媒３との間の排気管４の径を絞り込んで小径部４ａを形成し、ここに尿素水添加装置６を配置して尿素水７の添加を行い、しかも、この小径部４ａ内にミキサ８を配置して排気ガス５の流れを撹拌するようにしている。   In such a conventional structure, the exhaust gas between the particulate filter 1 and the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3 is increased in order to increase the mixing and diffusion efficiency of the urea water 7 and promote the decomposition of the urea water 7 into ammonia. The diameter of the tube 4 is narrowed to form a small diameter portion 4a. A urea water addition device 6 is arranged here to add urea water 7, and a mixer 8 is arranged in the small diameter portion 4a to exhaust gas 5 The flow is stirred.

尚、この種のパティキュレートフィルタ及びその前段の酸化触媒を選択還元型触媒より上流に配置した排気浄化装置に関連する先行技術文献情報としては、例えば、本発明と同じ出願人による下記の特許文献１等が既に存在している。
特開２００７−２６９７号公報 In addition, as prior art document information related to this type of particulate filter and an exhaust purification device in which the preceding stage oxidation catalyst is arranged upstream of the selective reduction catalyst, for example, the following patent documents by the same applicant as the present invention are as follows: 1 etc. already exist.
JP 2007-2697 A

しかしながら、図３に示す如き小径部４ａの形成やミキサ８の配置といった措置を施しても、尿素水７がアンモニアと炭酸ガスに分解されるまでの十分な反応時間を確保するためには、尿素水７の添加位置から選択還元型触媒３までに長く距離をとらなければならず、また、小径部４ａの前後にテーパ部を介在させなければならないことからも尿素水７の添加位置から選択還元型触媒３までの距離が長くなってしまうため、排気浄化装置としての全長が長くなって車両への搭載性が悪くなるという問題があり、しかも、流路断面積を絞り込む小径部４ａが長く延在することで圧力損失が大きくなるという問題もあった。   However, in order to ensure sufficient reaction time until the urea water 7 is decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide gas even if measures such as the formation of the small diameter portion 4a and the arrangement of the mixer 8 as shown in FIG. Selective reduction from the addition position of the urea water 7 also requires a long distance from the addition position of the water 7 to the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3 and a taper part must be interposed before and after the small diameter part 4a. Since the distance to the type catalyst 3 becomes long, there is a problem that the overall length as the exhaust purification device becomes long and the mountability to the vehicle becomes worse, and the small-diameter portion 4a for narrowing the cross-sectional area of the flow path extends long. There was also a problem that the pressure loss increased due to the presence.

本発明は、上述の実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、パティキュレートとＮＯxの同時低減を図り得る排気浄化装置の搭載性を従来よりも改善し且つ圧力損失も抑制し得るようにすることを目的としている。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and is intended to improve the mountability of an exhaust purification device capable of simultaneously reducing particulates and NOx as compared to the conventional one and to suppress pressure loss. It is aimed.

本発明は、排気管の途中に選択還元型触媒を装備し且つ該選択還元型触媒の上流側に還元剤として尿素水を添加してＮＯxを還元浄化するようにした排気浄化装置であって、尿素水の添加位置より上流に、排気ガス中のＨＣを酸化処理する酸化触媒を備える共に、前記尿素水の添加位置と前記選択還元型触媒との間に、尿素水をアンモニアと炭酸ガスに加水分解する加水分解触媒を担持したパティキュレートフィルタを備えたことを特徴とするものである。   The present invention is an exhaust emission control device equipped with a selective reduction catalyst in the middle of an exhaust pipe and reducing and purifying NOx by adding urea water as a reducing agent upstream of the selective reduction catalyst, An oxidation catalyst for oxidizing HC in the exhaust gas is provided upstream from the urea water addition position, and the urea water is added to ammonia and carbon dioxide gas between the urea water addition position and the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. A particulate filter carrying a hydrolysis catalyst for decomposition is provided.

而して、このようにすれば、パティキュレートフィルタにより排気ガス中のパティキュレートが捕集されると共に、その下流で尿素水が排気ガス中に添加されてアンモニアと炭酸ガスに分解され、選択還元型触媒上で排気ガス中のＮＯxがアンモニアにより良好に還元浄化されることになるので、排気ガス中のパティキュレートとＮＯxの同時低減が図られる。   Thus, in this way, particulates in the exhaust gas are collected by the particulate filter, and urea water is added to the exhaust gas downstream thereof to be decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide, and selectively reduced. Since NOx in the exhaust gas is satisfactorily reduced and purified by ammonia on the type catalyst, simultaneous reduction of particulates and NOx in the exhaust gas can be achieved.

この際、選択還元型触媒に向けて添加される尿素水が、熱容量の大きな固体物であるパティキュレートフィルタに対し直接衝突して効率の良い熱交換（従来の排気ガスを熱媒体とした熱交換と比較して効率が良い）が行われると共に、パティキュレートフィルタに担持されている加水分解触媒により確実に尿素水からアンモニア及び炭酸ガスへの分解反応が促進され、しかも、尿素水の添加位置と選択還元型触媒との間にパティキュレートフィルタが介在することで尿素水の添加位置から前記選択還元型触媒に到るまでの間に反応時間を稼ぐための十分な距離も確保されるので、従来よりもアンモニアの生成効率が大幅に改善されることになる。   At this time, the urea water added toward the selective catalytic reduction catalyst directly collides with the particulate filter which is a solid material having a large heat capacity, so that efficient heat exchange (heat exchange using conventional exhaust gas as a heat medium) The hydrolysis reaction carried on the particulate filter surely promotes the decomposition reaction from urea water to ammonia and carbon dioxide, and the addition position of urea water Since a particulate filter is interposed between the selective reduction catalyst and a sufficient distance for securing reaction time from the urea water addition position to the selective reduction catalyst is secured, As a result, the ammonia generation efficiency is greatly improved.

また、パティキュレートフィルタを強制再生するに際しては、従来と同様に、エンジン側でのポスト噴射等により排気ガス中にＨＣを添加し、その添加したＨＣを酸化触媒で酸化反応させて反応熱により排気ガスを昇温し、これによりパティキュレートフィルタの触媒床温度を上げて捕集済みパティキュレートの燃焼除去を図るようにすれば良い。   In addition, when forcibly regenerating the particulate filter, HC is added to the exhaust gas by post injection on the engine side, and the added HC is oxidized by an oxidation catalyst and exhausted by reaction heat. It is only necessary to raise the gas temperature and thereby raise the catalyst bed temperature of the particulate filter so that the collected particulates are burned and removed.

尚、パティキュレートフィルタには、強制再生時に限らず排気ガスの熱が効率良く蓄えられ、しかも、運転状態の変化により排気ガスの温度が急激に低下しても、パティキュレートフィルタに蓄えられた熱により尿素水の分解反応が暫時継続されて選択還元型触媒へアンモニアが供給され続けるので、排気ガスの温度が低くなる運転領域での選択還元型触媒のＮＯx低減率が従来よりも向上されることになる。   It should be noted that the particulate filter is not limited to forced regeneration, and the heat of the exhaust gas is efficiently stored, and even if the temperature of the exhaust gas suddenly decreases due to a change in the operating state, the heat stored in the particulate filter As a result, the decomposition reaction of urea water is continued for a while and ammonia is continuously supplied to the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, so that the NOx reduction rate of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst in the operating region where the temperature of the exhaust gas becomes lower is improved than before. become.

また、本発明においては、尿素水の添加位置とパティキュレートフィルタとの間に、添加尿素水をパティキュレートフィルタの入側端面の広範囲に拡散し得るよう複数の拡散孔を開口した拡散板を配設することが好ましく、また、選択還元型触媒の直後には、リークアンモニア対策として余剰のアンモニアを酸化処理するＮＨ3スリップ触媒を配設しておくと良い。 In the present invention, a diffusion plate having a plurality of diffusion holes is arranged between the urea water addition position and the particulate filter so that the added urea water can diffuse over a wide range of the inlet side end face of the particulate filter. It is preferable to provide an NH 3 slip catalyst that oxidizes excess ammonia as a measure against leakage ammonia immediately after the selective reduction catalyst.

上記した本発明の排気浄化装置によれば、下記の如き種々の優れた効果を奏し得る。   According to the exhaust emission control device of the present invention described above, various excellent effects as described below can be obtained.

（Ｉ）本発明の請求項１に記載の発明によれば、パティキュレートフィルタと選択還元型触媒との間の排気管に小径部を長く形成して尿素水の添加を行うようにしたり、この小径部内に複数枚の邪魔板を互い違いに配置してミキサを構成したりしなくても、アンモニアの生成効率を従来より大幅に改善することができるので、排気浄化装置としての全長を短縮して車両への搭載性を向上することができ、しかも、流路断面積を絞り込む小径部が不要となることで圧力損失を小さく抑えることもできる。   (I) According to the invention described in claim 1 of the present invention, a small-diameter portion is formed long in the exhaust pipe between the particulate filter and the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, and urea water is added. Even if the baffle plates are not arranged alternately in the small-diameter part, the efficiency of ammonia generation can be greatly improved compared to the conventional one without shortening the overall length of the exhaust purification device. The mountability to the vehicle can be improved, and the pressure loss can be suppressed to be small by eliminating the need for the small-diameter portion that narrows the flow path cross-sectional area.

（ＩＩ）本発明の請求項２に記載の発明によれば、排気ガスの流れ方向に長さをとらずにコンパクトに配置することが可能な拡散板により、添加した尿素水をパティキュレートフィルタの入側端面の広範囲に拡散することができるので、車両への搭載性に悪影響を及ぼすことなくアンモニアの生成効率の更なる向上を図ることができる。   (II) According to the invention described in claim 2 of the present invention, the added urea water is removed from the particulate filter by the diffusion plate which can be arranged compactly without taking a length in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. Since it is possible to diffuse over a wide range of the entry side end face, it is possible to further improve the ammonia generation efficiency without adversely affecting the mounting property on the vehicle.

（ＩＩＩ）本発明の請求項３に記載の発明によれば、選択還元型触媒で処理しきれずに未処理のまま前記選択還元型触媒を通り抜けてしまった余剰のアンモニアをＮＨ3スリップ触媒で酸化処理することができ、余剰のアンモニアが未処理のまま排気ガスと一緒に車外へ排出されてしまう虞れを未然に防止することができる。 (III) According to the invention described in claim 3 of the present invention, surplus ammonia that has not been treated with the selective catalytic reduction catalyst and has not passed through the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is oxidized by the NH 3 slip catalyst. It is possible to prevent the excess ammonia from being discharged out of the vehicle together with the exhaust gas without being processed.

以下本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照しつつ説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図１は本発明を実施する形態の一例を示すもので、本形態例の排気浄化装置においては、前述した図３の従来例のものと同様に、排気管４の途中に選択還元型触媒３を装備し且つ該選択還元型触媒３の上流側に尿素水添加装置６により尿素水７を還元剤として添加し得るようにしていますが、この尿素水添加装置６による尿素水７の添加位置より上流には、排気ガス５中のＨＣを酸化処理する酸化触媒２だけが備えられており、パティキュレートフィルタ１は、尿素水添加装置６による尿素水７の添加位置と前記選択還元型触媒３との間に配置されるように変更されている。   FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment for carrying out the present invention. In the exhaust purification apparatus of this embodiment, the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3 is placed in the middle of the exhaust pipe 4 in the same manner as the conventional example of FIG. And the urea water addition device 6 can add urea water 7 as a reducing agent to the upstream side of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3. From the addition position of the urea water 7 by the urea water addition device 6, Upstream, only the oxidation catalyst 2 that oxidizes HC in the exhaust gas 5 is provided. The particulate filter 1 includes the addition position of the urea water 7 by the urea water addition device 6, the selective reduction catalyst 3, Has been changed to be placed between.

しかも、このパティキュレートフィルタ１には、白金等の酸化触媒を担持させることに替えて、尿素水７をアンモニアと炭酸ガスに加水分解する反応を促進する触媒作用を備えた酸化チタン、酸化ジルコニウム、希土類金属、酸化アルミニウム、ゼオライト等の加水分解触媒のみが担持されている。   In addition, the particulate filter 1 is replaced with an oxidation catalyst such as platinum, and titanium oxide, zirconium oxide having a catalytic action for promoting the reaction of hydrolyzing the urea water 7 into ammonia and carbon dioxide, Only hydrolysis catalysts such as rare earth metals, aluminum oxide and zeolite are supported.

また、ここに図示している例では、前述した図３のものと同様に、選択還元型触媒３の直後に、リークアンモニア対策として余剰のアンモニアを酸化処理するＮＨ3スリップ触媒９が配設されている。 Further, in the example shown here, as in the case of FIG. 3 described above, immediately after the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3, an NH 3 slip catalyst 9 that oxidizes surplus ammonia as a measure against leakage ammonia is disposed. ing.

尚、前記尿素水添加装置６による尿素水７の添加位置に特に小径部は形成しておらず、酸化触媒２、尿素水添加装置６、パティキュレートフィルタ１、選択還元型触媒３、ＮＨ3スリップ触媒９の全てが単一のケーシング内にコンパクトに収まるようにしてある。 In addition, the small diameter part is not formed in the addition position of the urea water 7 by the urea water addition device 6, but the oxidation catalyst 2, the urea water addition device 6, the particulate filter 1, the selective reduction catalyst 3, and the NH 3 slip. All of the catalyst 9 is designed to fit compactly in a single casing.

而して、このように排気浄化装置を構成すれば、パティキュレートフィルタ１により排気ガス５中のパティキュレートが捕集されると共に、その下流で尿素水７が排気ガス５中に添加されてアンモニアと炭酸ガスに分解され、選択還元型触媒３上で排気ガス５中のＮＯxがアンモニアにより良好に還元浄化されることになるので、排気ガス５中のパティキュレートとＮＯxの同時低減が図られる。   Thus, if the exhaust gas purification apparatus is configured in this way, particulates in the exhaust gas 5 are collected by the particulate filter 1, and urea water 7 is added to the exhaust gas 5 downstream thereof to add ammonia. Since the NOx in the exhaust gas 5 is favorably reduced and purified by ammonia on the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3, the particulates and NOx in the exhaust gas 5 can be simultaneously reduced.

この際、選択還元型触媒３に向けて添加される尿素水７が、熱容量の大きな固体物であるパティキュレートフィルタ１に対し直接衝突して効率の良い熱交換（従来の排気ガス５を熱媒体とした熱交換と比較して効率が良い）が行われると共に、パティキュレートフィルタ１に担持されている加水分解触媒により確実に尿素水７からアンモニア及び炭酸ガスへの分解反応が促進され、しかも、尿素水７の添加位置と選択還元型触媒３との間にパティキュレートフィルタ１が介在することで尿素水７の添加位置から前記選択還元型触媒３に到るまでの間に反応時間を稼ぐための十分な距離も確保されるので、従来よりもアンモニアの生成効率が大幅に改善されることになる。   At this time, the urea water 7 added toward the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3 directly collides with the particulate filter 1 which is a solid substance having a large heat capacity and efficiently exchanges heat (the conventional exhaust gas 5 is converted into a heat medium). The heat exchange is more efficient than the heat exchange, and the hydrolysis catalyst supported on the particulate filter 1 surely promotes the decomposition reaction from the urea water 7 to ammonia and carbon dioxide, The particulate filter 1 is interposed between the addition position of the urea water 7 and the selective reduction catalyst 3 to increase the reaction time from the addition position of the urea water 7 to the selective reduction catalyst 3. Therefore, the ammonia generation efficiency is greatly improved as compared with the conventional method.

また、パティキュレートフィルタ１を強制再生するに際しては、従来と同様に、エンジン側でのポスト噴射等により排気ガス５中にＨＣを添加し、その添加したＨＣを酸化触媒２で酸化反応させて反応熱により排気ガス５を昇温し、これによりパティキュレートフィルタ１の触媒床温度を上げて捕集済みパティキュレートの燃焼除去を図るようにすれば良い。   When the particulate filter 1 is forcibly regenerated, HC is added to the exhaust gas 5 by post-injection or the like on the engine side, and the added HC is oxidized by the oxidation catalyst 2 to react. It is only necessary to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas 5 by heat and thereby raise the catalyst bed temperature of the particulate filter 1 so as to burn and remove the collected particulates.

尚、パティキュレートフィルタ１には、強制再生時に限らず排気ガス５の熱が効率良く蓄えられ、しかも、運転状態の変化により排気ガス５の温度が急激に低下しても、パティキュレートフィルタ１に蓄えられた熱により尿素水７の分解反応が暫時継続されて選択還元型触媒３へアンモニアが供給され続けるので、排気ガス５の温度が低くなる運転領域での選択還元型触媒３のＮＯx低減率が従来よりも向上されることになる。   The particulate filter 1 can efficiently store the heat of the exhaust gas 5 not only at the time of forced regeneration, and even if the temperature of the exhaust gas 5 suddenly decreases due to a change in the operating state, the particulate filter 1 Since the decomposition reaction of the urea water 7 is continued for a while by the stored heat and ammonia is continuously supplied to the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3, the NOx reduction rate of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3 in the operation region where the temperature of the exhaust gas 5 becomes low Will be improved compared to the prior art.

従って、上記形態例によれば、パティキュレートフィルタ１と選択還元型触媒３との間の排気管４に小径部を長く形成して尿素水７の添加を行うようにしたり、この小径部内に複数枚の邪魔板を互い違いに配置してミキサを構成したりしなくても、アンモニアの生成効率を従来より大幅に改善することができるので、排気浄化装置としての全長を短縮して車両への搭載性を向上することができ、しかも、流路断面積を絞り込む小径部が不要となることで圧力損失を小さく抑えることもできる。   Therefore, according to the above-described embodiment, a small diameter portion is formed long in the exhaust pipe 4 between the particulate filter 1 and the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3 so that the urea water 7 is added, or a plurality of urea water 7 is added in the small diameter portion. Even if the baffle plates are not arranged in a staggered manner, the ammonia generation efficiency can be greatly improved compared to the conventional system, so the total length of the exhaust purification device can be shortened and installed in the vehicle. In addition, the pressure loss can be reduced by eliminating the need for a small-diameter portion that narrows the cross-sectional area of the flow path.

また、選択還元型触媒３で処理しきれずに未処理のまま前記選択還元型触媒３を通り抜けてしまった余剰のアンモニアをＮＨ3スリップ触媒９で酸化処理することができ、余剰のアンモニアが未処理のまま排気ガス５と一緒に車外へ排出されてしまう虞れを未然に防止することができる。 In addition, surplus ammonia that has not been treated with the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3 and has passed through the selective catalytic reduction catalyst 3 without being treated can be oxidized with the NH 3 slip catalyst 9, so that the surplus ammonia is untreated. It is possible to prevent the possibility that the exhaust gas 5 and the exhaust gas 5 are discharged outside the vehicle.

図２は本発明の別の形態例を示すもので、本形態例においては、尿素水７の添加位置とパティキュレートフィルタ１との間に、尿素水添加装置６により添加した尿素水７をパティキュレートフィルタ１の入側端面の広範囲に拡散し得るよう複数の拡散孔１０を開口した拡散板１１を配設するようにしており、特に、ここで例示している拡散板１１には、排気ガス５を半径方向外側へ案内するガイド翼１２を各拡散孔１０の縁部に付設した形式としている。   FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the urea water 7 added by the urea water adding device 6 is put between the addition position of the urea water 7 and the particulate filter 1. A diffusion plate 11 having a plurality of diffusion holes 10 is provided so as to be able to diffuse over a wide range of the entrance side end face of the curate filter 1. In particular, the diffusion plate 11 illustrated here has an exhaust gas. The guide blades 12 for guiding 5 to the outside in the radial direction are attached to the edge portions of the respective diffusion holes 10.

このようにすれば、排気ガス５の流れ方向に長さをとらずにコンパクトに配置することが可能な拡散板１１により、添加した尿素水７をパティキュレートフィルタ１の入側端面の広範囲に拡散することができるので、車両への搭載性に悪影響を及ぼすことなくアンモニアの生成効率の更なる向上を図ることができる。   In this way, the added urea water 7 is diffused over a wide area on the entrance end face of the particulate filter 1 by the diffusion plate 11 that can be arranged compactly without taking a length in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 5. Therefore, it is possible to further improve the efficiency of ammonia generation without adversely affecting the mountability on the vehicle.

尚、本発明の排気浄化装置は、上述の形態例にのみ限定されるものではなく、拡散板に放射状に拡散孔を開口して排気ガスの旋回流を形成し得るようなガイド翼を付けるようにしても良いこと、その他、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。   The exhaust emission control device according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but is provided with guide vanes that can form a swirling flow of exhaust gas by opening diffusion holes radially in the diffusion plate. Of course, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

本発明を実施する形態の一例を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows an example of the form which implements this invention. 本発明を実施する別の形態例を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows another form example which implements this invention. 従来例を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows a prior art example.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ パティキュレートフィルタ
２ 酸化触媒
３ 選択還元型触媒
４ 排気管
５ 排気ガス
６ 尿素水添加装置
７ 尿素水
９ スリップ触媒
１０ 拡散孔
１１ 拡散板 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Particulate filter 2 Oxidation catalyst 3 Selective reduction type catalyst 4 Exhaust pipe 5 Exhaust gas 6 Urea water addition apparatus 7 Urea water 9 Slip catalyst 10 Diffusion hole 11 Diffusion plate

Claims (3)

排気管の途中に選択還元型触媒を装備し且つ該選択還元型触媒の上流側に還元剤として尿素水を添加してＮＯxを還元浄化するようにした排気浄化装置であって、尿素水の添加位置より上流に、排気ガス中のＨＣを酸化処理する酸化触媒を備える共に、前記尿素水の添加位置と前記選択還元型触媒との間に、尿素水をアンモニアと炭酸ガスに加水分解する加水分解触媒を担持したパティキュレートフィルタを備えたことを特徴とする排気浄化装置。   An exhaust gas purification apparatus equipped with a selective reduction catalyst in the middle of an exhaust pipe and adding urea water as a reducing agent to the upstream side of the selective reduction catalyst to reduce and purify NOx. Hydrolysis that includes an oxidation catalyst that oxidizes HC in exhaust gas upstream from the position, and hydrolyzes the urea water into ammonia and carbon dioxide gas between the urea water addition position and the selective reduction catalyst An exhaust emission control device comprising a particulate filter carrying a catalyst. 尿素水の添加位置とパティキュレートフィルタとの間に、添加尿素水をパティキュレートフィルタの入側端面の広範囲に拡散し得るよう複数の拡散孔を開口した拡散板を配設したことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の排気浄化装置。   Between the addition position of the urea water and the particulate filter, a diffusion plate having a plurality of diffusion holes is provided so that the added urea water can be diffused over a wide range of the inlet side end face of the particulate filter. The exhaust emission control device according to claim 1. 選択還元型触媒の直後に、リークアンモニア対策として余剰のアンモニアを酸化処理するＮＨ3スリップ触媒を配設したことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の排気浄化装置。 The exhaust emission control device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an NH 3 slip catalyst that oxidizes surplus ammonia is disposed immediately after the selective reduction catalyst as a measure against leak ammonia.
JP2007288082A 2007-11-06 2007-11-06 Exhaust purification device Pending JP2009114930A (en)

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