JP2009106080A - Electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric motor armature and an electric motor which even when winding is carried out by a concentrated winding method, a rotation speed can be changed by changing current-passing patterns of four brushes. <P>SOLUTION: In the electric motor of a five-phase structure, segments 14 are composed of two segment groups 41 and 42 that are located to be point symmetric to each other with respect to a rotating shaft. The segments 14 in the segment groups 41 and 42, which have the same potential, are short-circuited to each other via connection lines 25a and 25b. Windings 12 of each phase connected to adjacent segments 14 and 14 in each of the segment groups 41 and 42 are wound in series around inphase teeth 9 that are arranged oppositely with respect to the rotating shaft thereof. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric motor mounted on a vehicle or the like.

  Conventionally, an electric motor with a brush mounted on a vehicle or the like is known. This electric motor has a configuration in which an armature around which an armature coil is wound is rotatably arranged inside a cylindrical yoke having a plurality of magnets attached to its inner peripheral surface. The armature has an armature core that is externally fixed to the rotating shaft. In the armature core, teeth for winding the winding are formed radially, and a long slot is formed between the teeth in the axial direction.

Each tooth is wound with a winding to form an armature coil having a concentrated winding structure.
The armature coil is electrically connected to each segment attached to the rotating shaft. Each segment can be slidably contacted with a brush, and a current is supplied to the armature coil by applying a voltage from the brush to the segment terminal. At this time, a magnetic field is formed in the armature coil, and the rotating shaft is driven by a magnetic attractive force or repulsive force generated between the magnets of the yoke (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

By the way, as a winding method of the winding around the armature core, there is a lap winding (distributed winding) method in addition to the concentrated winding method. There is an electric motor that uses an armature wound by this lap winding method and four brushes and changes the energization pattern of each brush to switch the rotation speed.
The operation of this type of electric motor will be described with reference to FIGS. FIGS. 11 to 13 are explanatory diagrams showing energization patterns to the armature 100, and FIG. 11 shows a state in which the four brushes of the two anode side brushes 101 and 103 and the two cathode side brushes 102 and 104 are energized, FIG. 12 shows a state in which three brushes, one anode-side brush 101 and two cathode-side brushes 102 and 104, are energized. FIG. 13 shows two brushes, one anode-side brush 101 and one cathode-side brush 102. Indicates the energized state.

As shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, the armature 100 in which the winding is wound by the lap winding method has four parallel circuits (series coils) C1, C2, C3, and C4.
When the four brushes 101, 102, 103, 104 are energized (see FIG. 11), a current I1 from the brush 101 to the brush 104 flows through the circuit C1, and a current I2 from the brush 101 to the brush 102 flows through the circuit C2. A current I3 from the brush 103 to the brush 102 flows through C3, and a current I4 from the brush 103 to the brush 104 flows through circuit C4. That is, a current flows through all the circuits C1, C2, C3, and C4.

In contrast, when the three brushes 101, 102, and 104 are energized (see FIG. 12), currents I1 and I2 flow only in the circuit C1 and the circuit C2. Therefore, only half of the torque at the time of energizing the four brushes can be obtained.
On the other hand, when the two brushes 101 and 102 are energized (see FIG. 13), currents I1, I2, I3, and I4 ′ flow through the circuits C1, C2, C3, and C4.

Here, as shown in FIG. 13, the current I <b> 4 ′ flowing through the circuit C <b> 4 flows from the brush 104 toward the brush 103. That is, the current I4 ′ flowing through the circuit C4 when the two brushes are energized is opposite in direction to the current I4 flowing through the circuit C4 when the four brushes are energized, and cancels out with the torque of the circuit C1 or the circuit C3. Therefore, the torque at the time of energizing the two brushes can only obtain 1/3 of the torque at the time of energizing the four brushes.
Thus, by changing the energization pattern of each brush 101, 102, 103, 104, the number of effective conductors and the energization current can be changed to change the torque, and the rotation speed can be switched.
JP 2006-204070 A

  However, in the four-brush electric motor having four parallel circuits as in the prior art described above, the rotation speed can be switched by changing the energization pattern of each brush 101, 102, 103, 104. In the case where the windings are wound by the concentrated winding method, the number of parallel circuits is two, so there is a problem that it is difficult to switch the rotation speed even if the brush energization pattern is changed.

  Therefore, the present invention provides an armature for an electric motor, and an electric motor that can change the rotation speed by changing the energization pattern of four brushes even when the winding is wound by a concentrated winding method. Is to provide.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention described in claim 1 includes a yoke having an 8-pole magnetic pole, a rotating shaft supported by the yoke, and a radial attached to the rotating shaft in a radial direction. And an armature core having 10 teeth wound in a concentrated winding manner, 10 slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction, and the armature on the rotating shaft A commutator provided adjacent to the core and having 20 segments arranged in the circumferential direction; and four brushes for supplying power to the windings via the segments, the four brushes being anode-side brushes Two pairs of cathode side brushes are provided, the same polarity side brushes are arranged opposite to each other around the rotation axis, and the different polarity side brushes are spaced at an electrical angle of 180 degrees in the circumferential direction. An electric motor having a five-phase structure, wherein the segment is composed of two segment groups that are located symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis, and each segment group has the same potential. While short-circuiting each other with a short-circuit member, the windings of each phase connected between adjacent segments of each segment group are wound in series on the teeth of the same phase arranged facing each other around the rotation axis. It is characterized by that.
By configuring in this way, even if the windings are wound around the teeth by the concentrated winding method, the windings of each phase are connected to the two segment groups, so two closed circuits of a five-phase structure are formed. Is done. That is, since the closed circuit configured by the concentrated winding method has two parallel circuits, the number of parallel circuits becomes four by providing two.
Also, since the windings of each phase are wound in series on the teeth of the same phase that are arranged opposite to each other around the rotation axis, for example, three brushes are energized by changing the energization pattern of the brushes. Even if it is a case, it can prevent that the balance of the coil | winding supplied with electricity deteriorates. That is, by changing the energization pattern of the brush, even when only one of the two closed circuits is energized, the energized winding is not biased to one, The windings are energized to the respective windings existing in point symmetry with respect to the rotation axis.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, when n is a natural number of 2 or more, a is a natural number of 1 or more, and smaller than n, the winding of each phase is a tooth corresponding to this winding. , And wound around the teeth existing in the vicinity of the segment to which the winding start end is connected, the same phase as that of the teeth, and after winding n times around the other teeth, It is configured to be wound around the teeth a times.
With this configuration, when forming the coils of each phase, the teeth that start winding and the teeth that end winding are set to the same teeth, so the winding starts from the winding start end to the winding start teeth. And the wiring length from the winding end tooth to the winding end end can be set short.

In the invention described in claim 3, each segment group is arranged by setting a corresponding segment at a position where the wiring length at the beginning of winding of each phase winding is substantially equal to the wiring length at the end of winding. It is characterized by.
By comprising in this way, the winding start end and winding end end of each phase winding can be twisted around the neck of the commutator.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the windings of each phase are connected to the two segment groups even if the windings are wound around the teeth by the concentrated winding method. A circuit is formed. That is, since the closed circuit configured by the concentrated winding method has two parallel circuits, the number of parallel circuits becomes four by providing two.
For this reason, the number of windings through which a current flows can be changed at the time of energizing four brushes, at the time of energizing three brushes, and at the time of energizing two brushes, and the magnitude of torque can be changed. Therefore, even when the winding is wound by the concentrated winding method, the rotation speed can be switched by changing the energization patterns of the four brushes.

Also, since the windings of each phase are wound in series on the teeth of the same phase that are arranged opposite to each other around the rotation axis, for example, three brushes are energized by changing the energization pattern of the brushes. Even if it is a case, it can prevent that the balance of the coil | winding supplied with electricity deteriorates. That is, by changing the energization pattern of the brush, even when only one of the two closed circuits is energized, the energized winding is not biased to one, The windings are energized to the respective windings existing in point symmetry with respect to the rotation axis.
For this reason, it becomes possible to reduce the swing of the armature due to the energization winding, and it is possible to reduce the circulating current caused by the difference in the electromagnetic balance and the resistance difference between the phases facing the rotation axis.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, when forming the coil of each phase, the teeth that start winding and the teeth that end winding are set to the same teeth. The wiring length from the end of the winding to the end of the winding can be set short. For this reason, the thickening between the armature core and the commutator can be eliminated, and the armature can be downsized.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the windings arranged around the neck of the commutator can be twisted.
For this reason, the winding thickness between the armature core and the commutator can be easily eliminated, and the armature can be further downsized.

Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 1, an electric motor 1 is a direct current motor mounted on a vehicle used for, for example, a power window motor, a wiper motor, and a fan motor of an automobile, and includes an armature 3 in a bottomed cylindrical yoke 2. Is arranged so that it can rotate freely. Eight segment-type permanent magnets 4 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 2 in the circumferential direction while changing the magnetic poles in order.

  The armature 3 includes an armature core 6 fixed to the rotating shaft 5, an armature coil 7 wound around the armature core 6, and a commutator 13 disposed on one end side of the armature core 6. The armature core 6 is obtained by laminating a plurality of ring-shaped metal plates 8 in the axial direction. Ten teeth 9 having a substantially T-shape in a plan view in the axial direction are radially formed on the outer peripheral portion of the metal plate 8. To each tooth 9, five phases of U phase, V phase, W phase, X phase, and Y phase are assigned in this order in the circumferential direction.

  By fitting a plurality of metal plates 8 to the rotating shaft 5, dovetail-shaped slots 11 are formed between adjacent teeth 9 on the outer periphery of the armature core 6. Ten slots 11 extend along the axial direction, and are formed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. An enamel-wrapped winding 12 is wound between the slots 11, whereby a plurality of armature coils 7 are formed on the outer periphery of the armature core 6.

  The commutator 13 is externally fitted and fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 5. Twenty segments 14 made of a conductive material are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 13. The segment 14 is made of a plate-like metal piece that is long in the axial direction, and is fixed in parallel at equal intervals along the circumferential direction while being insulated from each other.

  A riser 15 is integrally formed at an end portion of each segment 14 on the armature core 6 side and is bent in a manner of being folded back to the outer diameter side. The riser 15 is wound around the winding 12 that is the winding start end and the winding end of the armature coil 7, and the winding 12 is fixed to the riser 15 by fusing. Thereby, the segment 14 and the armature coil 7 corresponding to this are electrically connected. In addition, connecting lines 25a and 25b, which will be described later, are hung around the segments 14 having the same potential and fixed by fusing, and the segments 14 having the same potential are short-circuited.

The other end side of the rotating shaft 5 is rotatably supported by a bearing 16 in a boss protruding from the yoke 2. On the other hand, a cover 17 is provided at the open end of the yoke 2, and a holder stay 18 is attached to the inside of the cover 17. The holder stay 18 is provided with four brush holders 19 along the circumferential direction.
Each brush holder 19 is provided with a brush 21 that can be moved in and out in a state where the brush 21 is urged through a spring 29. The tip portions of these brushes 21 are urged by springs 29 so as to be in sliding contact with the commutator 13, and power from the outside is supplied to the commutator 13 via the brushes 21.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the brush 21 includes four brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, and 52b including two sets of anode-side brushes 51a and 52a and cathode-side brushes 51b and 52b. The anode-side brushes 51a and 52a and the cathode-side brushes 51b and 52b are opposed to each other around the rotation shaft 5, and the anode-side brushes 51a and 52a and the cathode-side brushes 51b and 52b are arranged in the circumferential direction. They are arranged at 45 ° intervals. That is, the brushes on the same polarity side are arranged at a mechanical angle of 180 °, and the brushes on the opposite polarity side are arranged at an electrical angle of 180 °. The arrangement of the anode side brushes 51a and 52a and the cathode side brushes 51b and 52b may be opposite to each other.

As described above, the armature of the electric motor 1 having eight permanent magnets 4, that is, eight magnetic poles, ten slots 11, 20 segments 14, and five phases of eight poles 10 slots 20 segments. 3, an armature coil 7 is formed by winding a winding 12 as follows.
3 and 4 are views in which the segment 14 (riser 15) and the teeth 9 of the armature 3 are developed, and the gap between the adjacent teeth 9 corresponds to the slot 11. FIG. In the following drawings, each segment 14, each tooth 9, and the wound winding 12 are respectively given reference numerals, and each tooth 9 is assigned a U phase, V phase, W phase, X phase, and Y phase. This will be described in this order.

  Here, the segment 14 is composed of two segment groups 41, 42 of a first segment group 41 and a second segment group 42 that are located in a point-symmetrical position with respect to the rotation axis 5. 42 is connected to connection lines 25a and 25b for short-circuiting the segments 14 having the same potential. That is, the first segment group 41 is configured from the first segment 14a to the tenth segment 14d, and the second segment group 42 is configured from the eleventh segment 14e to the twentieth segment 14h. And every four segments 14 (for example, the 1st segment 14a and the 6th segment 14c) which become the same electric potential among the 1st segment groups 41 are short-circuited by the connection line 25a, and the 2nd segment group 42 Among them, every fourth segment 14 (for example, the 11th segment 14e and the 16th segment 14g) having the same potential is short-circuited by the connection line 25b.

  For example, when the winding start end 30 starts to be wound from the first segment 14a of the first segment group 41, the winding 12 is first wound around the riser 15 of the first segment 14a and then the first segment 14a. Is drawn into the slot 11a between the 1-10th teeth 9 existing in the vicinity. Subsequently, after being wound around the first tooth 9 n times (n is a natural number of 2 or more and a desired number of turns for each tooth 9), winding is performed from the slot 11b between the first and second teeth 9. 12 is pulled out.

  Then, it is drawn into the slot 11c between the 5th and 6th teeth 9 and is wound n times around the 6th tooth 9 that is in phase with the 1st tooth 9 and that exists at the opposite position with the rotary shaft 5 as the center. . Thereafter, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11d between the 6th and 7th teeth 9, and the winding end 40 is connected to the second segment 14b adjacent to the first segment 14a. As a result, a U-phase armature coil U wound n times in series around the U-phase first tooth 9 and the sixth tooth 9 is formed between the first and second segments 14a and 14b.

  Similarly, the V-phase armature coil V, the W-phase armature coil W, the X-phase armature coil X, and the Y-phase armature coil Y are wound with windings 12 in the same manner as the U-phase armature coil U. The winding start end 30 and the winding end end 40 are connected between the segments 14 of the corresponding first segment group 41. Then, in the first segment group 41, a first closed circuit H1 having a five-phase (U, V, W, X, Y phase) structure with four poles and five slots is formed (see FIG. 4).

  On the other hand, the winding 12 that has begun to be wound from the 11th segment 14e of the second segment group 42 is wound around the riser 15 of the 11th segment 14e, and then the 5th-6th teeth existing in the vicinity of the 11th segment 14e. 9 is drawn into the slot 11c. Subsequently, after being wound n times around the 6th tooth 9, the winding 12 is drawn out from the slot 11 d between the 6th and 7th teeth 9.

  And it draws in the slot 11a between 1-10th teeth 9, and is wound by the 1st teeth 9 n times. Thereafter, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11b between the first and second teeth 9, and the winding end 40 is connected to the twelfth segment 14f adjacent to the eleventh segment 14e. As a result, a U-phase sixth tooth 9 and a U-phase armature coil U 'wound n times in series on the first tooth 9 are formed between the 11th and 12th segments 14e and 14f.

  Similarly, the V-phase armature coil V ′, the W-phase armature coil W ′, the X-phase armature coil X ′, and the Y-phase armature coil Y ′ are each provided with the winding 12 in the same manner as the U-phase armature coil U ′. The winding start end 30 and the winding end end 40 are connected between the segments 14 of the corresponding first segment group 42. Then, a second closed circuit H2 having a five-phase (U ′, V ′, W ′, X ′, Y ′ phase) structure with four poles and five slots is formed in the second segment group 42 (see FIG. 4). .

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the commutator 13 is in a state where the first closed circuit H1 and the second closed circuit H2 having a five-phase structure are connected in parallel. In FIG. 5, each of the anode-side brushes 51a and 52a exists between the first and second segments 14a and 14b and between the eleventh and twelfth segments 14e and 14f, and each of the negative-side brushes 51b and 52b has a fourth number. The circuit diagram when it exists in the segment 14i and the 14th segment 14j is shown, Comprising: The four brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, and 52b are all shown in the energized state.

Next, based on FIGS. 6-8, the effect | action of the armature 3 of this 1st embodiment is demonstrated.
As shown in FIG. 6, for example, anode brushes 51a and 52a exist between the first and second segments 14a and 14b and between the eleventh and twelfth segments 14e and 14f, respectively, and the cathode brushes 51b and 52b each have the fourth number. When there is a segment 14i and a 14th segment 14j, that is, when there is a pair of brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, and 52b on each of the closed circuits H1 and H2, all of them are energized. In this state, current flows through the eight armature coils V, V ′, W, W ′, X, X ′, Y, and Y ′ of the V, W, X, and Y phases.

  That is, the U-phase armature coil U formed between the first and second segments 14a and 14b, and the U-phase armature coil U ′ formed between the eleventh and twelfth segments 14e and 14f are formed of the anode brush 51a, It becomes the state short-circuited by 52a. On the other hand, current flows through the V-phase armature coils V and V ′ and the X-phase armature coils X and X ′ in the forward direction (clockwise in FIG. 6), and the W-phase armature coils W, W ′ and Y A current flows through the phase armature coils Y and Y ′ in the opposite direction (counterclockwise in FIG. 6).

  As shown in FIG. 7, when three brushes are energized, that is, for example, the anode side brush 51a, which exists between the first and second segments 14a and 14b and between the eleventh and twelfth segments 14e and 14f in FIG. 52a, and when the three brushes of the cathode side brush 51b existing in the first segment group 41 of the two segment groups 41 and 42 (present in the fourth segment 14i) are energized, The current flows only through the V, W, X, and Y-phase armature coils V, W, X, and Y of the first closed circuit H1. That is, compared with the case where the four brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, and 52b are energized, the number of teeth 9 through which current flows is the same, but the current value flowing through these teeth 9 is applied to the second closed circuit H2. Since current is not flowing, it becomes about half.

  Even when two brushes are energized, a pair of brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b exists on each closed circuit H1, H2, that is, each segment group 41, 42. Then the same can be said. That is, in FIG. 7, even when the two brushes 51a and 52b of the anode side brush 51a existing between the first and second segments 14a and 14b and the cathode side brush 52b existing in the fourth segment 14i are energized, the first Current flows only through the V, W, X, and Y-phase armature coils V, W, X, and Y of the closed circuit H1.

  However, as shown in FIG. 8, for example, when the two brushes 51a and 52b are energized, and the two brushes 51a and 52b exist between the 9th to 10th segments 14k and 14l and on the 12th segment 14f. That is, when the pair of brushes 51a and 52b exists over two closed circuits H1 and H2 (two segment groups 41 and 42), any of the armature coils U, U ′, V, V ′, No current flows through W, W ′, X, X ′, Y, Y ′, and no power is applied.

Therefore, according to the above-described first embodiment, two closed circuits H1 and H2 having four poles and five slots are concentrated on the armature 3 of the electric motor 1 configured in five phases of eight poles and ten slots and 20 segments. By forming, the total number of parallel circuits can be four.
For this reason, when all four brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b are energized, for example, eight armature coils V, V ′, W, W ′, X, X ′, Y of V, W, X, Y phase are used. , Y ′, a torque (motor characteristic) similar to that of the normal 8-pole 10-slot concentrated winding method can be obtained (see FIG. 6). On the other hand, when the three brushes are energized, for example, current flows only through the V, W, X, and Y phase armature coils V, W, X, and Y of the first closed circuit H1. For this reason, the torque at the time of 3 brush energization can be made into the half torque at the time of 4 brush energization (refer FIG. 7).

  When the two brushes are energized, for example, a state in which current flows only through the V, W, X, and Y phase armature coils V, W, X, and Y of the first closed circuit H1 (see FIG. 7), Any armature coil U, U ′, V, V ′, W, W ′, X, X ′, Y, Y ′ has a non-energized state in which no current flows (see FIG. 8). For this reason, during the non-energized state, the rotating shaft 5 of the armature 3 rotates by inertia, and as a result, the torque is reduced when the two brushes are energized than when the three brushes are energized.

  That is, by changing the energization pattern of the four brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b, the number of windings 12 (the number of armature coils 7) through which current flows can be changed, and the magnitude of torque can be changed. It becomes possible. Therefore, even when the winding 12 is wound around the armature core 6 by the concentrated winding method, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 5 of the armature 3 can be switched.

  Furthermore, the armature coils U, U ′, V, V ′, W, W ′, X, X ′, Y, Y ′ of each phase are teeth of the same phase that are arranged opposite to each other around the rotation axis 5. 9, the balance of the energized winding 12 can be prevented from deteriorating even if the energization pattern of the brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b is changed. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, for example, three brushes 51a, 51b, and 52a are energized, and current is supplied only to the V, W, X, and Y-phase armature coils V, W, X, and Y of the first closed circuit H1. Even when the current flows, the energized winding 12 is not biased to one side, and all the windings 12 wound around the in-phase teeth 9 that are in point-symmetrical positions with respect to the rotating shaft 5 are used. Current flows. For this reason, it becomes possible to reduce the swing of the armature 3 due to the energized winding 12, and to reduce the circulating current caused by the difference in electromagnetic balance and the resistance difference between the phases facing the rotating shaft 5. Is possible.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG. 9 with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same aspect as 1st embodiment is attached | subjected and demonstrated (it is the same also in the following embodiment). Further, in the following embodiment, the electric motor 1 is configured in five phases of eight poles, ten slots, and twenty segments, and the four brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, and 52b that are in sliding contact with the commutator 13 are on the same pole side. Are the same as those in the first embodiment, such that the mechanical angle is 180 ° and the different polar sides are spaced apart by an electrical angle of 180 °.
Here, in the second embodiment, in forming the armature coils U, U ′, V, V ′, W, W ′, X, X ′, Y, Y ′ of each phase, the winding 12 starts to be wound. The teeth 9 and the teeth 9 at the end of winding are set to the same teeth 9.

  That is, for example, when the winding start end 30 of the winding 12 starts to be wound from the first segment 14a of the first segment group 41, first, the first segment 14a is wound around the riser 15 of the first segment 14a. Is drawn into the slot 11a between the 1-10th teeth 9 existing in the vicinity. Subsequently, the main coil 71 is formed by winding the first tooth 9 na times (a is a natural number of 1 or more and smaller than n).

  Then, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11b between the first and second teeth 9 and pulled into the slot 11c between the fifth and sixth teeth 9. Subsequently, it is wound n times around the 6th tooth 9 that is in phase with the 1st tooth 9 and is located at the opposite position around the rotation shaft 5. After that, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11d between the 6th and 7th teeth 9 and again into the slot 11a between the 1th and 10th teeth 9. Then, the winding 12 is wound around the first tooth 9 a times to form the auxiliary coil 72.

  Thereafter, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11b between the first and second teeth 9, and the winding end 40 is connected to the second segment 14b adjacent to the first segment 14a. As a result, the winding 12 is wound n times on the first tooth 9 of the U phase by the main coil 71 wound n−a times and the sub coil 72 wound a times. . Therefore, a U-phase armature coil U wound n times in series around the U-phase first tooth 9 and the sixth tooth 9 is formed between the first and second segments 14a and 14b.

  Similarly, the V-phase armature coil V, the W-phase armature coil W, the X-phase armature coil X, and the Y-phase armature coil Y are wound with windings 12 in the same manner as the U-phase armature coil U. The winding start end 30 and the winding end end 40 are connected between the segments 14 of the corresponding first segment group 41. As a result, a first closed circuit H1 having a four-phase five-slot five-phase (U, V, W, X, Y phase) structure is formed in the first segment group 41.

  On the other hand, the armature coils U ′, V ′, W ′, X ′, and Y ′ of each phase wound around the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th teeth of the second closed circuit H2 are also wound in na times. It comprises a main coil 71 and an a-turn secondary coil 72. Then, the winding start end 30 and the winding end end 40 of the armature coils U ′, V ′, W ′, X ′, Y ′ of each phase are connected between the segments 14 of the second segment group 42. As a result, a second closed circuit H2 having a four-phase five-slot five-phase (U, V, W, X, Y phase) structure is formed in the second segment group 42.

  Therefore, according to the second embodiment described above, the same effects as those of the first embodiment described above can be achieved. In addition to this, in forming the armature coils U, U ′, V, V ′, W, W ′, X, X ′, Y, and Y ′ of each phase, the teeth 9 and the windings that start the winding of the winding 12 are wound. Since the end teeth 9 are set to the same teeth 9, the wiring length from the winding start end 30 to the winding start teeth 9 and the winding end teeth 9 to the winding end end 40 are set. The wiring length can be set short. For this reason, the winding thickness between the armature core 6 and the commutator 13 can be eliminated, and the armature 3 can be downsized.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In the third embodiment, the winding start wiring length and winding end wiring of the armature coils U, U ′, V, V ′, W, W ′, X, X ′, Y, Y ′ of each phase The segment groups 41 and 42 are arranged so that their lengths are almost equal.
That is, for example, the first segment 14a constituting the first segment group 41 is not disposed in the vicinity of the first tooth 9, but is disposed at a position shifted in the circumferential direction from the vicinity of the first tooth 9. And each segment 14 has the 2nd-20th segment 14 arrange | positioned in order from the 1st segment 14a in the circumference direction.

  For this reason, the first segment group 41 is not arranged so as to correspond to the portion from the first tooth 9 to the fifth tooth 9, but is shifted in the circumferential direction. At the same time, the second segment group 42 is not arranged so as to correspond to the portion from the 11th tooth 9 to the 20th tooth 9 and is arranged so as to be shifted in the circumferential direction. Yes.

  Therefore, according to the above-described third embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment described above can be achieved. In addition, since each segment group 41, 42 is arranged in a circumferential direction with respect to the corresponding tooth 9, it is arranged around the neck of the commutator 13, that is, between the armature core 6 and the commutator 13. The wound winding 12 can be in a twisted state. For this reason, the thickening between the armature core 6 and the commutator 13 can be easily eliminated, and the armature 3 can be further downsized.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications made to the above-described embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Further, the segment 14 to which the winding start end 30 and the winding end end 40 of the winding 12 are respectively connected is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but in the same closed circuit, that is, in the corresponding segment groups 41 and 42. In addition, the segment 14 having the same potential that is short-circuited by the connection lines 25a and 25b may be used. That is, in the above-described embodiment, for example, the case where the winding end 40 of the U-phase armature coil U of the first closed circuit H1 is connected to the second segment 14b has been described. However, the winding end 40 of the armature coil U may be connected to the seventh segment 14 of the same segment group 41.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the electric motor in embodiment of this invention. It is a brush arrangement diagram of the electric motor in the embodiment of the present invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram of the armature in the embodiment of the present invention. It is action | operation explanatory drawing of the armature in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is action | operation explanatory drawing of the armature in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is action | operation explanatory drawing of the armature in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the electricity supply pattern to the armature in the conventional electric motor. It is explanatory drawing which shows the electricity supply pattern to the armature in the conventional electric motor. It is explanatory drawing which shows the electricity supply pattern to the armature in the conventional electric motor.

Explanation of symbols

1 Electric motor 2 Yoke 3 Armature 4 Permanent magnet (magnetic pole)
5 Rotating shaft 6 Armature core 7, U to W 'Armature coil (coil)
9 Teeth 11, 11a to 11d Slot 12 Winding 13 Commutator 14, 14a to 14m Segment 21 Brush 25a, 25b Connection line (short-circuit member)
30 winding start end 40 winding end end 41 first segment group 42 second segment group 51a, 52a anode side brush 51b, 52b cathode side brush 71 main coil 72 sub coil H1 first closed circuit H2 second closed circuit

Claims (3)

A yoke having eight magnetic poles;
A rotating shaft pivotally supported by the yoke;
10 teeth attached to the rotary shaft and extending radially in the radial direction, and windings are wound in a concentrated winding manner, and 10 slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction An armature core having,
A commutator provided adjacent to the armature core on the rotating shaft and having 20 segments arranged in the circumferential direction;
Comprising four brushes for feeding the windings through the segments;
The four brushes are configured to include two sets of an anode side brush and a cathode side brush,
This is an electric motor having a five-phase structure in which brushes on the same polarity side are arranged opposite to each other around the rotation axis, and brushes on the opposite polarity sides are arranged at an electrical angle of 180 degrees in the circumferential direction. And
The segment is composed of two segment groups that exist in point-symmetric positions with respect to the rotation axis,
While short-circuiting the segments having the same potential in each segment group with a short-circuit member,
An electric motor characterized in that windings of respective phases connected between adjacent segments of each segment group are wound in series on teeth of the same phase arranged so as to face each other around the rotation axis. When n is a natural number of 2 or more, a is a natural number of 1 or more, and a number smaller than n,
The winding of each phase is wound in teeth corresponding to the winding and the teeth existing near the segment to which the winding start end is connected, na times,
2. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the electric motor according to claim 1 has the same phase as the teeth and is wound n times around the other teeth and then wound a times around the first winding tooth. motor. The segment group is arranged by setting a corresponding segment at a position where the wiring length at the beginning of winding and the wiring length at the end of winding of each phase winding are substantially equal. Electric motor.

Images