JP2009077470A - Electric power wiring device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric power wiring device for power converters that is low-cost and small-size, and achieves high reliability. <P>SOLUTION: The electric power wiring device includes at least one pair of metal plates 11, 12 and a switching element 10 for controlling current. The metal plates 11, 12 are connected with each other through the switching element 10 and are so disposed that a distance between the metal plates 11, 12 differs (is shortened) in proximity to the switching element 10. The portions of the metal plates positioned there comprise a capacitor. Since the distance between the metal plates is shortened only in proximity to the switching element, a capacitor function is efficiently disposed in proximity to the switching element with a simple configuration without adding any part and noise due to switching, and EMI (electromagnetic interference) is reduced in proximity to the position of the production thereof without fail. Since the capacitor function is centralized only in proximity to the switching element, the flexibility in designing the metal plates in the areas other than the vicinity of the switching element is enhanced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a power input / output device for inputting / outputting electric power in a power converter incorporating a switching element (IGBT or MOSFET) that performs switching operation.

  Semiconductor power converters using voltage-driven semiconductor elements such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are widely used. This semiconductor power converter has a function of converting DC power into AC power by turning on and off a switching element incorporated therein at a predetermined switching frequency.

  Since the output voltage of the semiconductor power converter has a voltage waveform obtained by switching a DC voltage, it includes a frequency component corresponding to the switching frequency. Since this frequency component gives stress to a motor or the like as a load of the power converter, the power converter uses a filter circuit to remove the frequency component.

  Further, in order to suppress noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) due to switching, it is possible to reduce noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) generated by switching by connecting a snubber circuit as a peripheral circuit to the switching element.

  However, the volume of the filter circuit described above is generally large, and accordingly, the power converter provided with the filter circuit also becomes large. Further, if a snubber circuit is provided, the number of circuits will increase. Therefore, in order to suppress an increase in the size of the circuit, studies have been made to reduce the size of the filter circuit and the snubber circuit by increasing the switching frequency.

  However, in a power converter to which no peripheral circuit is added, it becomes difficult to suppress noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) due to switching. Further, in the conventional snubber circuit, inductance and resistance due to wiring are also generated.

  Thus, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes a method of efficiently absorbing high-frequency noise by pressing and holding a capacitor with a bus bar. FIG. 9 shows how the proposed capacitor is attached to the bus bar. A plurality of stacked capacitors 24 are arranged between the bus bars 12 and 14, the capacitors 24 are supported by the support plates 25 a and 25 b, and are fixed by the fasteners 26. Further, the laminated capacitors 24 are electrically and mechanically connected by connecting tools 27a and 27b.

Thereby, the noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) by switching can be suppressed, without enlarging a power converter.
JP 2005-341634 A

  However, in the configuration in which the bus bar is provided with the function of a capacitor according to Patent Document 1 described above, a capacitor having a dielectric is sandwiched between the bus bars and bolted, so that the dielectric forming the capacitor and the capacitor fixing bolt There is a problem that the cost is increased due to the above, and a fixing bolt is necessary, so that the capacitor portion is enlarged.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the power wiring device of the present invention includes at least a pair of metal plates arranged at a predetermined distance from each other and a switching element for controlling current, and the pair of metal plates Are connected via the switching element, and a part of the pair of metal plates located near the switching element functions as a capacitor.

  The distance between the pair of metal plates is preferably short only in the vicinity of the switching element.

  In the power wiring device of the power converter configured as described above, the distance between the pair of metal plates is shortened only in the vicinity of the switching element. Therefore, the switching element can be efficiently performed with a simple configuration without adding parts. Capacitor functions can be disposed in the vicinity, and noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) due to switching can be reliably reduced in the vicinity of the generation position. Furthermore, since the capacitor function is concentrated only in the vicinity of the switching element, the degree of freedom in designing the metal plate other than in the vicinity of the switching element is improved.

  Further, it is preferable that the at least one pair of metal plates has at least one bent portion, and the bent portion is disposed in the vicinity of the switching element.

  In the power wiring device of the power converter configured as described above, the shape of the pair of metal plates is (parallel and) at least one bent portion in the vicinity of the switching element. The area where the pair of metal plates face each other can be widened, and the capacitor function of the metal plates can be improved. Furthermore, the wiring inductance due to the metal plate can be reduced. Thereby, noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) due to switching can be reliably reduced in the vicinity of the generation position.

  The power wiring device of the present invention includes at least a pair of metal plates that are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, and a switching element that controls a current, and the pair of metal plates are interposed via the switching element. The at least one pair of metal plates is provided with a plurality of holes so as not to overlap each other except in the vicinity of the switching element.

  In the power wiring device of the power converter configured in this way, since the pair of metal plates are provided with holes so as not to overlap each other except in the vicinity of the switching element, wiring other than in the vicinity of the switching element Since the inductance can be reduced and the capacitance of the capacitor can be made partially different with a flat plate shape, noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) due to switching can be reliably reduced in the vicinity of the generation position. Furthermore, the cost of the power wiring device can be reduced.

  It is preferable that the at least one pair of metal plates have a plurality of protrusions formed on opposing surfaces only in the vicinity of the switching element.

  Thereby, in the projection area of a switching element, the area which a pair of metal plate has opposed can be taken wide, and the capacitor | condenser function by a metal plate can be improved. Thereby, noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) due to switching can be reliably reduced in the vicinity of the generation position.

  In addition, it is preferable that the at least one pair of metal plates has a wide facing area only in the vicinity of the switching element.

  In the power wiring device of the power converter configured as described above, since the facing area of the pair of metal plates is wide in the vicinity of the switching element, the capacitor capacity in the vicinity of the switching element can be partially varied. it can. Therefore, switching noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) can be reliably reduced in the vicinity of the generation position. Furthermore, the cost of the power wiring device can be reduced.

  Moreover, it is preferable that at least one dielectric is sandwiched between the at least one pair of metal plates.

  In the power wiring device of the power converter configured in this way, different dielectrics can be used in the vicinity of the switching element and in other places, so that the capacitor capacity in the vicinity of the switching element can be partially varied. . Therefore, switching noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) can be reliably reduced in the vicinity of the generation position.

  The at least one pair of metal plates is preferably coated with an insulating material.

  In the power wiring device of the power converter configured as described above, a capacitor function can be disposed in the vicinity of the switching element. Furthermore, since the metal plate is coated with an insulating material, the capacitor capacity formed by the metal plate can be made relatively large. Therefore, switching noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) can be reliably reduced in the vicinity of the generation position.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the switching element is disposed between the at least one pair of metal plates and is directly joined to the pair of metal plates.

  In the power wiring device of the power converter configured as described above, since the pair of metal plates are directly joined to the switching element, heat generated in the switching element can be radiated through the metal plate. .

  The at least one pair of metal plates and the at least one switching element are preferably modularized.

  In the power wiring device of the power converter configured as described above, since the metal plate and the switching element are molded with an insulating resin, for example, the distance between the metal plate in the vicinity of the switching element can be shortened to the limit. The molded resin also serves to fix the metal plate.

  Therefore, a highly reliable power wiring device can be realized while improving the capacitor function in the vicinity of the switching element.

  Thus, in the power wiring device of the power converter of the present invention, by devising the shape of the pair of metal plates, it is possible to efficiently provide a large capacity capacitor function only in the vicinity of the switching element. Therefore, there are no additional parts, the size remains small, and the capacitor function is easily improved with a metal plate shape, and noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) due to switching can be sufficiently suppressed.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an overall configuration of a power wiring device for a power converter according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram thereof.

  In FIG. 1, a drain terminal 101, a source terminal 102, and a gate terminal 103 are arbitrarily arranged on the switching element 10. Further, the metal plates 11 and 12 are arranged so as to be laminated, and are arranged so that the distance between them is shortened only in the vicinity of the switching element 10. Further, of the pair of metal plates 11 and 12, the switching element connecting portion 110 of one metal plate 11 is connected to the drain terminal 101 of the switching element 10 so that the wiring path is as short as possible, and the switching of the other metal plate 12 is performed. The element connecting portion 120 is connected to the source terminal 102 of the switching element 10 so that the wiring path is as short as possible (the connection state is not shown). The pair of metal plates 11 and 12 are electrically connected via the switching element 10.

  Here, the switching element connecting portions 110 and 120 are arranged on the metal plates 11 and 12 so that the distance is short. By doing in this way, the capacitor | condenser 20 comprised between the switching element connection part 110 of the metal plate 11 and the switching element 120 of the metal plate 12 can be arrange | positioned in the switching element 10 vicinity.

  In the equivalent circuit of the power wiring device of the power converter shown in FIG. 2, a flywheel diode 30 is connected in antiparallel between the drain terminal 10 a and the source terminal 10 b of the switching element 10. Further, the capacitor 20 described above is connected between the metal plates 11 and 12 via wiring inductances L1 and L2.

  In the power converter having such a circuit configuration, when a drive signal is applied to the gate terminal 103 in a state where power is supplied from the metal plate 11 to the metal plate 12 via the switching element 10, the switching element 10 is turned on / off. I do. However, the current that flows increases rapidly when the switch is turned on, and a surge voltage is generated between the drain terminal and the source terminal of the switching element 10 when the switch is turned off. As a result, noise and EMI (electromagnetic interference) are generated. With the above configuration, the capacitor 20 suppresses a surge voltage when the capacitor 20 is turned off. Furthermore, since the wiring inductances L1 and L2 for connecting the metal plates 11 and 12 and the capacitor 20 can be shortened as much as possible, the surge voltage can be efficiently suppressed. In addition, in the case where a film capacitor and a ceramic capacitor are connected as separate parts between the drain terminal and the source terminal, it is necessary to consider the temperature change and the change with time of each capacitor. There is no need to consider that.

  Here, by coating the metal plates 11 and 12 with an insulating material or the like, the distance between the switching element connecting portions 110 and 120 of the metal plates 11 and 12 can be made shorter than in the air, so that the capacitor capacity can be increased. Further effects can be expected.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the power wiring device of the power converter according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

  In FIG. 3, the switching element 10a is arbitrarily provided with a drain terminal 101a, a source terminal 102a, and a gate terminal 103a. Further, the metal plates 11a and 12a are arranged so as to be laminated, and are formed so that the opposing areas of the metal plates 11a and 12a are locally widened. Further, of the pair of metal plates 11a and 12a, the switching element connecting portion 110a of one metal plate 11a is connected to the drain terminal 101a of the switching element 10a so that the wiring path is as short as possible, and the switching of the other metal plate 12a is performed. The element connecting portion 120a is connected to the source terminal 102a of the switching element 10a so that the wiring path is as short as possible (the connection state is not shown). The pair of metal plates 11 a and 12 a are electrically connected via the switching element 10.

  Here, the switching element connection portions 110 a and 120 a are configured to be in the vicinity of the switching element 10.

  By doing in this way, the capacitor | condenser 20a comprised between the switching element connection part 110a of the metal plate 11a and the switching element 120a of the metal plate 12a can be arrange | positioned in the switching element 10 vicinity.

  Therefore, the present invention is configured as described above, so that the surge voltage at the time of turn-off is suppressed by the capacitor 20a. Furthermore, since the wiring inductances L1 and L2 for connecting the metal plates 11a and 12a and the capacitor 20a can be shortened as much as possible, the surge voltage can be efficiently suppressed. In addition, in the case where a film capacitor and a ceramic capacitor are connected as separate parts between the drain terminal and the source terminal, it is necessary to consider the temperature change and the change with time of each capacitor. There is no need to consider that.

  Furthermore, since the metal plates 11a and 12a can be formed by a simple flat plate, the cost of the power wiring device can be reduced.

  In addition, when switching elements are used in parallel, the area of the switching element portion arranged in a plane is wider than that of a single use, which is particularly effective.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an extracted capacitor 20b formed by the switching element connecting portion of the metal plate in the power wiring device of the power converter according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Since the configuration other than the capacitor 20b is substantially the same as that of the power wiring device for the power converter according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.

  The capacitor 20b of the power wiring device of the power converter according to the third embodiment is configured by switching element connecting portions 110b and 120b. The switching element connection portions 110b and 120b include at least one bent portion 1000 (nine bent portions in FIG. 4), and are arranged in parallel so that the distances between the switching element connection portions 110b and 120b are equal to each other. .

  In the capacitor 20b of the third embodiment configured as described above, the area per unit of the switching element connecting portions 110b and 120b facing each other can be widened in the vicinity of the switching element, so that the capacitor capacity can be increased. Therefore, since a capacitor having a relatively large capacity can be disposed in the vicinity of the switching element, the apparatus can be reduced in size.

  In addition, the same effect as the bending part 1000 is acquired also by providing many protrusion shape in the mutually opposing surface side of switching element connection part 110b, 120b.

  Further, it is desirable that the bent part 1000 and the protruding tip part have a smooth shape without being sharpened. By doing so, unnecessary sparks and the like can be suppressed, and reliability can be improved.

(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the power wiring device of the power converter according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. However, although the switching element 10 shown in the first embodiment is provided, the illustration of the switching element 10 is omitted.

  In the power wiring device of the power converter according to the fourth embodiment, the power wiring device includes metal plates 11b and 12b, and the metal plates 11b and 12b are arranged in parallel. Here, except for the vicinity of the switching element, the wiring metal plates 110c and 120c are used. Further, the wiring metal plates 110c and 120c are provided with at least one through hole 2000, which are arranged so as not to overlap each other, and the wiring metal plates 110c and 120c are arranged in parallel so that their distances are equal to each other. Yes. Here, the metal plates 110c and 120c are electrically and mechanically connected to the metal plates 110d and 120d near the switching element, respectively.

  The pair of metal plates 110c and 120c arranged in parallel has a capacitor capacity depending on the facing area and the distance from each other. However, as described above, the surge voltage generated when the switching element is turned off is suppressed by arranging an arbitrary capacitor near the switching element.

  Here, in the wiring metal plates 110c and 120c of the fourth embodiment, since the through holes are formed so as not to overlap each other, the metal plates 110c and 120c are configured while maintaining the wiring inductance reduction effect due to the laminate shape. Capacitor capacity can be reduced. Therefore, the wiring metal plates 110c and 120c are used in addition to the vicinity of the switching element, and the surge voltage suppression effect is provided only in the vicinity of the switching element by disposing 110d and 120d in which no through hole or the like is formed in the vicinity of the switching element. Capacitor function with can be arranged.

(Fifth embodiment)
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a power wiring device for a power converter according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Since it is the same as the power wiring device of the power converter according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 except that at least one dielectric is disposed between the pair of metal plates 11c and 12c, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In the power wiring device of the power converter according to the fifth embodiment, the dielectrics 40, 41a and 41b are arranged between the pair of metal plates 11c and 12c. The other configuration is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. The pair of metal plates 11 c and 12 c are electrically connected via the switching element 10.

  Further, the dielectric 40 is different in dielectric constant from 41a and 41b, and the dielectric 40 has a higher dielectric constant than 41a and 40b. Further, the dielectric 40 having a high dielectric constant is disposed between the switching element connecting portions 110 and 120, and the dielectrics 41a and 40b having a low dielectric constant are disposed other than the switching element connecting portion.

  In the fifth embodiment configured as described above, the capacitance of the capacitor formed by the switching element connecting portions 110 and 120 can be made larger than when no dielectric is disposed. Therefore, since a capacitor having a relatively large capacity can be disposed in the vicinity of the switching element, the apparatus can be miniaturized.

(Sixth embodiment)
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a power wiring device for a power converter according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. A pair of metal plates 11d and 12d are arranged at equal distances, and a switching element 10a is directly joined between them, and the others are the power wiring device of the power converter according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. Since it is the same, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the power converter of the power converter according to the sixth embodiment, the switching element 10a is disposed between the pair of metal plates 11d and 12d and is directly bonded to the metal plate.

  In the sixth embodiment configured as described above, the wiring inductance between the switching element 10a and the capacitor formed by the metal plate can be minimized, and further, the heat generated in the switching element 10a can be reduced. Heat can be dissipated by a metal plate. Therefore, the same effects as those of the above-described embodiments can be obtained, and at the same time, the heat generated by the switching element can be efficiently radiated, and the apparatus can be downsized.

(Seventh embodiment)
The module of the power converter according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that a power wiring device and a switching element are modularized. Since the other configuration is substantially the same as the power wiring device of the power converter according to the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 7, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a power converter module 200 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

  In the seventh embodiment configured as described above, at least one switching element 10a and at least a pair of metal plates 11d and 12d are modularized with an insulating resin 130 or the like, thereby forming a semiconductor module incorporating a capacitor function. is doing. Therefore, insulating resin for modularization can be disposed between the metal plates constituting the capacitor. Furthermore, the same effects as those of the above-described embodiments can be obtained, and further, the metal plate can be firmly fixed, and the reliability can be improved.

  In each of the embodiments described above, the metal plate can be made of copper, for example, but may be a material such as aluminum or an alloy thereof.

  The switching element can be realized by an IGBT and a MOSFET that are made of silicon, SiC (silicon carbide), GaN (gallium nitride) material, or the like.

  In addition, when applied to a multi-phase inverter, the metal plate configuration may be designed so as to have an arbitrary capacitor capacity for each switching element.

  By using the power wiring device of the present invention for a power converter, a metal plate having a small and highly reliable capacitor function can be provided at a low cost, and a surge voltage generated by a high-speed switching operation of a switching element. As a result, it is possible to reduce all power sources, including in-vehicle power sources (inverters, converters, etc.) for hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles, industrial robots and home robots, elevator power sources, and high-speed rotation. Useful for power converters for required motors and generators, etc.

The perspective view which shows the whole structure of the power wiring apparatus of the power converter concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. Equivalent circuit diagram of bus bar device of power converter of same embodiment The perspective view which shows the whole structure of the power wiring apparatus of the power converter concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the capacitor | condenser which the switching element connection part of the metal plate comprises in the power wiring apparatus of the power converter concerning 3rd Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the metal plate which comprises except the switching element connection part of a metal plate in the power wiring device of the power converter concerning 4th Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the whole structure of the power wiring apparatus of the power converter concerning 5th Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the whole structure of the power wiring apparatus of the power converter concerning 6th Embodiment of this invention. The block diagram of the module of the power converter concerning 7th Embodiment of this invention Diagram showing a conventional power converter

Explanation of symbols

10, 10a Switching element 11, 12, 11a, 12a, 11b, 12b, 11c, 12c, 11d, 12d Metal plate 20, 20a, 20b, 20c Capacitor 30 Flywheel diode 40, 41a, 41b Dielectric 101 Drain terminal 102 Source Terminal 103 Gate terminal 110, 110a, 110b, 110c, 120, 120a, 120b, 120c Switching element connecting part 200 Semiconductor module 1000 Bending part 2000 Through hole L1, L2 Wiring inductance

Claims (10)

Comprising at least a pair of metal plates disposed at a predetermined distance from each other, and a switching element for controlling current,
The pair of metal plates are connected via the switching element,
A part of the pair of metal plates located in the vicinity of the switching element functions as a capacitor. The power wiring device according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the pair of metal plates is short only in the vicinity of the switching element. The power wiring device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pair of metal plates has at least one bent portion, and the bent portion is disposed in the vicinity of the switching element. Comprising at least a pair of metal plates disposed at a predetermined distance from each other, and a switching element for controlling current,
The pair of metal plates are connected via the switching element,
The power wiring device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pair of metal plates includes a plurality of holes so as not to overlap each other except in the vicinity of the switching element. 2. The power wiring device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pair of metal plates has a plurality of protrusions formed on opposing surfaces only in the vicinity of the switching element. 2. The power wiring device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pair of metal plates has a large facing area only in the vicinity of the switching element. The power wiring device according to claim 1, wherein at least one dielectric is sandwiched between the at least one pair of metal plates. The power wiring device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pair of metal plates is coated with an insulating material. The power wiring device according to claim 1, wherein the switching element is disposed between the at least one pair of metal plates and is directly joined to the pair of metal plates. The power wiring device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pair of metal plates and the at least one switching element are modularized.

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