JP2009036060A - Reciprocating compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently use cylinder bores in which cylinders are not attached in a reciprocating compressor selectively attaching the cylinders to some of a plurality of the cylinder bores formed at a single crankcase. <P>SOLUTION: In the reciprocating compressor 1 selectively attaching the cylinders to some of the plurality of cylinder bores 49 formed at the single crankcase 7, the cylinder bores in which the cylinders are not attached out of the plurality of cylinder holes 49 are used as suction ports sucking air into the crankcase 7. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a reciprocating compressor that converts rotational movement of a crankshaft into reciprocating movement of a piston in a cylinder, and compresses and discharges air sucked into the cylinder.

Conventionally, in the above-described reciprocating compressor, by providing a plurality of cylinder holes in a single crankcase and selectively attaching a cylinder to any one of the cylinder holes, it is possible to meet various product size regulations. A relatively large and expensive crankcase can be used between products with different cylinder arrangements (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP-A-7-189885

By the way, in the above conventional technique, the cylinder hole to which the cylinder is not attached is simply closed by closing the cylinder hole, and this is inefficient.
Therefore, the present invention is a reciprocating compressor in which a cylinder is selectively attached to any one of a plurality of cylinder holes provided in a single crankcase, and enables efficient use of a cylinder hole without attaching a cylinder. For the purpose.

  As a means for solving the above problems, the invention described in claim 1 is a reciprocating compressor in which a cylinder is selectively attached to any one of a plurality of cylinder holes provided in a single crankcase, and the plurality of cylinders Among the holes, a cylinder hole to which the cylinder is not attached is an intake port for sucking air into the crankcase.

  The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that a crankshaft is provided in the crankcase, and each of the cylinder holes is provided radially around the rotation center axis of the crankshaft.

  The invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that a filter means is provided in the cylinder hole used as the intake port.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the crankcase is provided with a fan, and the cylinder hole used as the intake port is provided with air guide means that opens toward the fan.

According to the first and second aspects of the invention, it is possible to configure a reciprocating compressor having a cylinder arrangement such as a horizontally opposed type or a V type using a single crankcase, and it is possible to cope with various product size regulations. At the same time, a relatively large and expensive crankcase can be used between products with different cylinder arrangements to reduce costs.
The reciprocating compressor is an intake type in the crankcase, and a cylinder hole without a cylinder is used as an intake port, so that the cylinder hole without the cylinder can be used efficiently and is relatively robust. Noise can be reduced by suppressing the intake noise with a simple crankcase.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, the engine durability can be improved by suppressing the intrusion of foreign matter (such as dust and water) into the crankcase.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to cool the bearings and the like in the crankcase satisfactorily by guiding the wind from the fan to the cylinder hole used as the intake port.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. For convenience of explanation, the arrow FR indicates the front, the arrow LH indicates the left side, and the arrow UP indicates the upper side.

  The reciprocating compressor 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a basic configuration in which an electric motor (hereinafter referred to as a motor) 3 as a drive source is connected to the rear of a compressor body 2 having a horizontally opposed cylinder arrangement, for example. The compressor body 2 is arranged with the rotation center axis C of the crankshaft 4 along the front-rear direction. The rear end portion of the crankshaft 4 is coaxially and integrally connected to the drive shaft 5 of the motor 3, and the crankshaft 4 is driven to rotate about the axis C by driving the motor 3.

  The crankshaft 4 has a rear journal 6 rotatably supported by a central portion of a rear wall 8 of the crankcase 7 via a ball bearing 9, and a pair of front and rear eccentrics on a support shaft 11 protruding forward from the rear journal 6. The balance members 15 are penetrated and supported by a front support shaft 14 that is supported through the members 12 and 13, and protrudes further forward from the support shaft 11. A fan 17 is provided at the front end support shaft 16 that protrudes further forward from the front support shaft 14. It is supported through.

The front and rear eccentric members 12 and 13 are disc-shaped members that are eccentric with respect to the axis C, and connecting rods 22 extending from the pistons 21 in the left and right cylinders 18 and 19 are provided on the outer circumferences of the eccentric members 12 and 13. The base end portion (large end portion) is fitted through the ball bearing 23.
The front end side of the connecting rod 22 is integrated with the piston 21. When the crankshaft 4 is driven to rotate, the piston 21 reciprocates in the corresponding cylinders 18 and 19 via the connecting rod 22, and the piston 21 The cylinders 18 and 19 are swung together with the connecting rods 22.

The left and right cylinders 18 and 19 include a cylinder body 26 attached to the distal end side of the left and right pedestal portions 24 and 25 protruding from the left and right end portions of the crankcase 7, and a cylinder head 27 attached to the distal end side of the cylinder body 26. A plate-like valve 28 sandwiched between the cylinder head 27 and the cylinder body 26 is mainly used.
The cylinder body 26 forms a cylinder bore 29 along a direction orthogonal to the axis C, and the piston 21 is inserted into the cylinder bore 29 so as to be able to reciprocate. The base end side of the cylinder bore 29 is opened in the crankcase 7 via the corresponding pedestals 24 and 25, and the tip end side of the cylinder bore 29 is blocked by the cylinder head 27 via the plate valve 28.

Referring to FIG. 3, a compression chamber 31 is formed in the cylinder body 26 surrounded by a cylinder bore 29, a cylinder head 27 (plate valve 28), and a piston 21.
The cylinder head 27 has intake and exhaust ports 32 and 33. In the reciprocating compressor 1, the plate-like valve 28 communicates the exhaust port 33 and the compression chamber 31, while the intake port 32 and the compression port 31 are compressed. By blocking communication with the chamber 31, only the exhaust port 33 is made to function.
The plate valve 28 has an intake side communication passage 34 that communicates the compression chamber 31 and the intake port 32 in the cylinder body 26, and an exhaust side communication passage 35 that communicates the compression chamber 31 and the exhaust port 33. A closing member 36 is attached only to the intake side communication passage 34 to close it.

  The piston 21 mainly includes a disc portion 37 formed on the distal end side of the connecting rod 22 and a retainer 38 fixed to the disc portion 37. An inner peripheral flange 39 a of an annular lip ring 39 is sandwiched between the outer periphery of the disc portion 37 and the outer periphery of the retainer 38, and the outer peripheral lip portion 39 b of the lip ring 39 has a predetermined deflection allowance on the inner surface of the cylinder bore 29. By sealing closely, the sealing performance at the time of reciprocating and swinging of the piston 21 is ensured.

The piston 21 is formed with a plurality of piston communication passages 41 that pass through the disk portion 37 and the retainer 38 and communicate with the compression chamber 31 and the inside of the crankcase 7. It can be opened and closed by an intake reed valve 43 arranged inside. The intake reed valve 43 opens the piston communication path 41 when the compression chamber 31 is depressurized, and closes the piston communication path 41 when the compression chamber 31 is pressurized.
On the other hand, the exhaust port 33 is provided with an unillustrated exhaust reed valve. The exhaust reed valve closes the exhaust port 33 when the compression chamber 31 is decompressed, and opens the exhaust port 33 when the compression chamber 31 is pressurized.

  In the rotational drive of the crankshaft 4, when the piston 21 moves from the top dead center side to the bottom dead center side, the volume of the compression chamber 31 increases, the pressure in the compression chamber 31 is reduced, and the piston communication passage 41 opens. At the same time, the exhaust port 33 is closed and the air in the crankcase 7 is introduced into the compression chamber 31. On the other hand, when the piston 21 moves from the bottom dead center side to the top dead center side, the volume of the compression chamber 31 decreases, and the air in the compression chamber 31 is discharged while being pressurized.

That is, the compressor main body 2 is a crankcase intake type that introduces and compresses air sucked into the crankcase 7 into the left and right cylinders 18 and 19 (and an upper cylinder 45 described later).
Compressed air discharged from the compressor body 2 is stored in a tank (not shown) and then supplied to pneumatic equipment and the like.

  1 and 2, the crankcase 7 has a bottomed cylindrical shape that opens forward, and is arranged so that the axis C is the center. Behind the crankcase 7 is disposed the motor 3 having a cylindrical appearance with substantially the same diameter. From the outer periphery of the rear wall 8 of the crankcase 7, a support cylinder portion 44 for inserting and supporting the front portion of the motor 3 is erected rearward.

  Here, in addition to the left and right pedestal portions 24 and 25 to which the left and right cylinders 18 and 19 are attached, an upper pedestal portion 46 to which the upper cylinder 45 can be attached is provided on the outer periphery of the crankcase 7 as shown in FIG. The upper pedestal portion 46 projects from the upper end portion of the crankcase 7, and the pedestal portions 24, 25, 46 and the cylinders 18, 19, 45 have substantially the same configuration except for the arrangement thereof.

  Referring to FIG. 4, each pedestal portion 24, 25, 46 is respectively connected to a cylindrical wall portion 47 that is continuous with the base end side of the cylinder body 26 of each cylinder 18, 19, 45, and before and after the outer periphery of the cylindrical wall portion 47. It has a total of four boss portions 48 provided in a pair, and is formed in a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the cylinder tip side. Hereinafter, a circular opening connected to the cylinder bore 29 on the inner peripheral side of each pedestal portion 24, 25, 46 will be referred to as a cylinder hole 49. Each cylinder hole 49 of each pedestal portion 24, 25, 46 is provided around the rotation center axis C of the crankshaft 4 in the radial direction (aligned in the rotation direction).

  The cylinder body 26 is a cylindrical member that forms the cylinder bore 29, and the cylinder head 27 is a substantially rectangular member that substantially overlaps the corresponding pedestal portions 24, 25, 46 when viewed from the front end side of the cylinder. A pair of bolt insertion portions are provided on the front and rear sides of the cylinder head 27, and bolts 27b inserted from the cylinder front end side into the respective bolt insertion portions are screwed to the boss portions 48 of the corresponding base portions 24, 25, 46. By tightening, the cylinders 18, 19, and 45 are integrally fixed to the corresponding pedestals 24, 25, and 46, respectively.

  The right cylinder 19 and the upper cylinder 45 as well as the right pedestal portion 25 and the upper pedestal portion 46 are disposed on the front side to correspond to the piston 21 connected to the front eccentric member 12 of the crankshaft 4, and the left cylinder 18 and the left pedestal. The portion 24 is disposed rearward to correspond to the piston 21 connected to the rear eccentric member 13 of the crankshaft 4. At this time, the front walls of the right pedestal portion 25 and the upper pedestal portion 46 are located near the front end of the crankcase 7, and the rear wall of the left pedestal portion 24 is located near the rear end of the crankcase 7.

The cylinders 18, 19, 45 and the pedestals 24, 25, 46 are arranged with their positions shifted by 90 ° in the rotational direction of the crankshaft 4, although their front and rear positions are partially different.
And the reciprocating compressor 1 attaches either the right cylinder 19 or the upper cylinder 45 by selectively using either the right pedestal portion 25 or the upper pedestal portion 46, so that the horizontal compressor is combined with the left cylinder 18. Both opposing and V-shaped cylinder arrangements are possible.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the balancer member 15 includes a disc portion 15a orthogonal to the axis C, and a flange portion 15b that rises forward from the outer periphery of the disc portion 15a. The balancer member 15 is fixed to the crankshaft 4 by screwing and tightening a fixing nut 15c to the front support shaft 14 penetrating the center of the front and rear shafts 12 and 13 at the rear of the balancer member 15. It is fixed to the crankshaft 4. A balance weight (not shown) is appropriately arranged inside the balancer member 15 according to the cylinder arrangement of the compressor body 2 and the phase difference between the cylinders 18, 19, 45 and the like.

  The front end support shaft 16 of the crankshaft 4 protrudes further forward than the front end opening of the crankcase 7, and the front end support shaft 16 penetrates and supports the hub portion 17 a of the fan 17. A plurality of blades 17b are erected on the outer periphery of the hub portion 17a, and each blade 17b blows cooling air toward the compressor body 2 side (rear) when the crankshaft 4 is driven to rotate. When this cooling air flows around the cylinders 18, 19, 45 of the compressor body 2 in particular, frictional heat generated by the sliding of the pistons 21 in the cylinders 18, 19, 45 can be radiated well. For convenience of illustration, the fan 17 is not shown in FIGS.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the front end opening of the crankcase 7 is closed by a disk-like case lid member 51 that substantially overlaps the opening. The case lid member 51 is appropriately fixed to the outer periphery of the front end of the crankcase 7 with screws or the like.
4, 6, and 7, the right pedestal portion 25 and the upper pedestal portion 46 are formed with a notch 52 that cuts the front wall between the pair of boss portions 48 together with the outer periphery of the front end of the crankcase 7. The cutout 52 opens the cylinder hole 49 of the right pedestal portion 25 and the upper pedestal portion 46 toward the front.

Here, when the right cylinder 19 or the upper cylinder 45 is not attached to the right pedestal portion 25 and the upper pedestal portion 46, a plate-like cylinder lid member 53 that covers the cylinder hole 49 is attached from the front end side.
Referring to FIG. 4, the cylinder lid member 53 has a substantially rectangular shape substantially overlapping with the corresponding pedestal portions 24, 25, 46 when viewed from the cylinder front end side, and bolts are inserted into bolt insertion holes 53 a provided in pairs on the front and rear sides thereof. The cylinder lid member 53 is integrally fixed to the corresponding pedestal portions 24, 25, and 46 by inserting 53b and screwing them into the boss portions 48 of the corresponding pedestal portions 24, 25, and 46. The cylinder hole 49 is closed from the tip side.

At this time, the cylinder holes 49 of the right pedestal portion 25 and the upper pedestal portion 46 are opened forward through the notches 52, and the inside and outside of the crankcase 7 communicate with each other through the notches 52 and the cylinder holes 49. It will be.
That is, in the horizontally opposed cylinder arrangement shown in FIG. 1 and others, the cylinder hole 49 of the upper pedestal portion 46 to which the upper cylinder 45 is not attached serves as an intake port that allows the outside air to be taken into the crankcase 7. In the V-shaped cylinder arrangement shown in FIG. 2, the cylinder hole 49 of the right pedestal 25 to which the right cylinder 19 is not attached serves as the intake port.

  4 and 5, a plate-like filter member 56 and a porous support plate 57 parallel to the cylinder lid member 53 are disposed inside the cylinder hole 49 to which the cylinder lid member 53 is attached. The filter member 56 is made of, for example, a urethane foam material, and is formed with a rectangular portion 56 b that enters the notch 52 on one side of the circular portion 56 a that aligns in the cylinder hole 49. The porous support plate 57 is made of, for example, a punching metal material in which a large number of circular holes are formed in a steel plate. Like the filter member 56, the porous support plate 57 is formed with a square portion 57b on one side of the circular portion 57a.

An inner peripheral flange 58 is provided on the base end side of the cylinder hole 49 of the right pedestal portion 25 and the upper pedestal portion 46, and the outer peripheral side of the porous support plate 57 is supported on the inner peripheral flange portion 58. The filter member 56 is supported on the support plate 57.
A plurality of rectifying plates 59 are erected on the back surface side of the cylinder lid member 53, and the rectifying plates 59 enter the cylinder holes 49, and their tip edges are pressed against the surface of the filter member 56. The positions of the filter member 56 and the porous support plate 57 are fixed.

  The notch 52 and the cylinder lid member 53 open the cylinder hole 49 of the right pedestal portion 25 and the upper pedestal portion 46 toward the front (in other words, the fan 17 side) so that the wind from the fan 17 enters the crankcase 7. The air guide means for guiding is formed, and the filter member 56 and the porous support plate 57 constitute the filter means of the cylinder hole 49 used as the air inlet.

  In the case lid member 51 that closes the front end opening of the crankcase 7, the cylinder holes 49 of the right pedestal portion 25 and the upper pedestal portion 46 do not open forward when the corresponding cylinders 19 and 45 are attached. As described above, a closing projection 51a is provided to cover the notch 52 of the base portions 25 and 46 from the front. Accordingly, the case lid member 51 is rotated and attached to the crankcase 7 according to the cylinder arrangement, so that only the notches 52 of the pedestal portions 25 and 46 on the side where the cylinders 19 and 45 are attached are covered from the front, and the cylinder lid Intake into the crankcase 7 from the cylinder hole 49 where the member 53 and the filter member 56 are not disposed is prevented.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, four horizontal leg portions 61 forming a horizontal installation plane 61 a are provided below the support cylinder portion 44 of the crankcase 7. Further, on the diagonally lower right side of the support cylinder portion 44 of the crankcase 7, four inclined leg portions 62 that form an installation plane 62a that is inclined upward at a predetermined angle of 45 °, for example, are provided. In the illustrated example, a right horizontal leg 61 and a left inclined leg 62 are integrally provided.
And in the state which made the compressor main body 2 into the horizontally opposed cylinder arrangement | positioning, the compressor main body 2 can be installed on a horizontal surface using each horizontal leg part 61. FIG. On the other hand, in a state where the compressor main body 2 has a V-shaped cylinder arrangement, the compressor main body 2 can be installed on a horizontal plane in a state where the compressor main body 2 is inclined by the predetermined angle using the inclined leg portions 62.

  As described above, the reciprocating compressor 1 in the above embodiment is configured by selectively attaching the cylinders 18, 19, 45 to any one of the plurality of cylinder holes 49 provided in the single crankcase 7. The cylinder hole to which the cylinders 18, 19, 45 are not attached among the plurality of cylinder holes 49 is an intake port for sucking air into the crankcase 7.

According to this configuration, the reciprocating compressor 1 having, for example, horizontally opposed cylinders or V-type cylinders can be configured using a single crankcase 7, which can cope with various product size regulations and is relatively large. Thus, the expensive crankcase 7 can be used between products with different cylinder arrangements to reduce costs.
The reciprocating compressor 1 is an intake type in the crankcase, and the cylinder hole 49 to which the cylinders 18, 19 and 45 are not attached is used as an intake port, whereby the efficiency of the cylinder hole 49 to which the cylinders 18, 19, 45 are not attached is improved. In addition, the intake noise can be suppressed and the noise can be reduced by the relatively robust crankcase 7.

  Further, in the reciprocating compressor 1, the cylinder hole 49 used as the intake port is provided with a filter member 56 and a porous support plate 57, so that foreign matters (sand dust, water, etc.) into the crankcase 7 are provided. Engine durability can be improved by suppressing intrusion.

  Further, in the reciprocating compressor 1, the crankcase 7 is provided with a fan 17, and a cylinder hole 49 used as the intake port has a notch 52 and a cylinder lid member 53 that open toward the fan 17. Is provided, the air from the fan 17 can be guided to the cylinder hole 49 used as the intake port, and the bearings in the crankcase 7 can be cooled satisfactorily.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the cylinder lid member 53 is structured to be attached to the cylinder hole 49 of the pedestal portion 46 (and pedestal portions 24 and 25) with bolts. For example, a plurality of locking claws 54a are provided around the cylinder lid member 53, and around the cylinder holes 49 of the pedestal portion 46 (and the pedestal portions 24 and 25) corresponding to the respective locking claws 54a. The cylinder lid member 53 may be attached to the cylinder hole 49 by providing a plurality of recesses 54b and engaging the locking claws 54a with the recesses 54b. Furthermore, the cylinder lid member 53 may be attached to the cylinder hole 49 using at least one of the bolt, the locking claw 54a, and the recess 54b.

Moreover, it is good also as a structure which provided the cylinder hole of 2 or 4 or more in the single crankcase. Furthermore, it is good also as a structure of the single cylinder which attached the cylinder only to one of the some cylinder holes. In addition, the crankcase may be provided with a plurality of cylinder holes arranged in the direction of the rotation center axis of the crankshaft.
And the structure in the said Example is an example of this invention, and it cannot be overemphasized that a various change is possible in the range which does not deviate from the summary of the said invention.

It is a perspective view of the reciprocating compressor in the Example of this invention. It is AA sectional drawing of FIG. It is BB sectional drawing of FIG. It is the perspective view equivalent to FIG. 1 which decomposed | disassembled a part of said reciprocating compressor. It is DD sectional drawing of FIG. It is a perspective view from the lower part of the said reciprocating compressor. It is a perspective view from the downward direction of the said reciprocating compressor which changed cylinder arrangement | positioning. It is the elements on larger scale of FIG. 4 which shows the some modification of the said reciprocating compressor.

Explanation of symbols

1 Reciprocating compressor 7 Crankcase 17 Fan 18 Left cylinder 19 Right cylinder 45 Upper cylinder 49 Cylinder hole 52 Notch (air guide means)
53 Cylinder lid member (air guide means)
56 Filter member (filter means)
57 Porous support plate (filter means)

Claims (4)

A reciprocating compressor that selectively attaches a cylinder to any one of a plurality of cylinder holes provided in a single crankcase,
The reciprocating compressor according to claim 1, wherein a cylinder hole to which the cylinder is not attached is an intake port for sucking air into the crankcase.   2. The reciprocating compressor according to claim 1, wherein a crankshaft is provided in the crankcase, and the cylinder holes are provided radially around a rotation center axis of the crankshaft.   The reciprocating compressor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a filter means is provided in the cylinder hole used as the intake port. The reciprocation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crankcase is provided with a fan, and the cylinder hole used as the intake port is provided with air guide means that opens toward the fan. Dynamic compressor.

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