JP2009006273A - Wet type magnetic separation method for separating mixture of microparticles - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 83
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 63
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、微細粒子が混ざり合っている混合物（微粒混合物）を選別分離する方法に関するものであり、例えば、製鉄所プロセスにおける製銑工程や製鋼工程等で発生するダスト廃棄物（製鉄ダスト）について、鉄分含有粒子（ＦｅＯ粒子等）と非鉄分粒子（酸化亜鉛粒子等）を選別分離して、製鉄原料として再利用可能なダストとする方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for sorting and separating a mixture in which fine particles are mixed (fine particle mixture). For example, dust waste (iron-making dust) generated in a steelmaking process, a steelmaking process, or the like in a steelworks process. The present invention relates to a method for separating and separating iron-containing particles (such as FeO particles) and non-ferrous particles (such as zinc oxide particles) into dust that can be reused as an iron-making raw material.
通常、製銑工程で発生するダスト廃棄物（製銑ダスト、高炉ダスト）や製鋼工程で発生するダスト廃棄物（製鋼ダスト、転炉ダスト）は、以下のように処理されている。なお、高炉ダストおよび転炉ダストとも基本的な処理工程は同様なので、ここでは、転炉ダストを例に説明する。 Usually, dust waste (steel making dust, blast furnace dust) generated in the iron making process and dust waste (steel making dust, converter dust) generated in the steel making process are treated as follows. Since the basic processing steps are the same for blast furnace dust and converter dust, converter dust will be described as an example here.
転炉ダストは、転炉排ガスの集塵ダストであり、転炉排ガスを水噴してダストを湿式集塵し、その集塵水を沈殿槽で凝集して、フィルターなどで濾化脱水し、製鉄原料（焼結原料）等として再資源化・再利用されている。 The converter dust is dust collected from the converter exhaust gas, and the converter exhaust gas is sprayed with water to collect the dust wet, and the dust collected is agglomerated in a settling tank, filtered and dehydrated with a filter, etc. Recycled and reused as steelmaking raw materials (sintering raw materials).
この転炉ダストは、大部分が鉄分であり、強磁性体のＦｅ粒子、ＦｅＯ粒子、Ｆｅ３Ｏ４粒子から成り、一部、弱磁性体のＦｅ２Ｏ３粒子が含まれているとともに、転炉原料に利用したスクラップに由来する酸化亜鉛粒子（ＺｎＯ粒子）が存在する。従来は、転炉でのスクラップ利用は比較的少なかったため、転炉ダスト中の亜鉛濃度が低く、そのまま焼結原料等として活用されていた。 The converter dust is mostly made of iron and consists of ferromagnetic Fe particles, FeO particles, Fe 3 O 4 particles, and partially contains weak magnetic Fe 2 O 3 particles. There are zinc oxide particles (ZnO particles) derived from scraps used as converter raw materials. Conventionally, since scrap use in a converter was relatively small, the zinc concentration in the converter dust was low, and it was used as a raw material for sintering as it was.
しかし、今後、スクラップの利用量が増加するようになった場合、転炉ダスト中に混入する酸化亜鉛粒子の量が増加して、転炉ダスト中の亜鉛濃度が高くなり、そのままでは転炉ダストを製鉄原料として再利用できなくなる恐れがある。すなわち、亜鉛は焼結機や高炉の運転に障害をもたらすからである。 However, if scrap usage increases in the future, the amount of zinc oxide particles mixed in the converter dust will increase, and the zinc concentration in the converter dust will increase. May not be reused as a raw material for steelmaking. That is, zinc causes an obstacle to the operation of the sintering machine and the blast furnace.
この問題に対して、ロータリーキルン炉や回転炉床炉を用いて、転炉ダスト等にコークスなどの還元剤を添加して、転炉ダスト等を高温下で還元し、亜鉛を金属蒸気として除去、回収する方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。また、転炉ダクトのガス通過系に磁気印加した筐体を設置して、転炉ダストを乾燥状態（乾式）で磁気選別し、磁性粒子（ＦｅＯ粒子等）と非磁性粒子（酸化亜鉛粒子等）を分離する方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。
前記特許文献１に記載されているような、ロータリーキルン炉や回転炉床炉を用いて、製鉄ダスト中の酸化亜鉛を加熱還元処理して、蒸発亜鉛を回収する方法は、時間処理能力１トンを超える大量のダスト処理を行うことは適しているが、運転に伴い、炉やダクト壁面に付着物が堆積し、メンテナンスコストがかかってしまう。そのため、加熱還元処理するダスト量を事前に減らすことが求められている。
Using a rotary kiln furnace or a rotary hearth furnace as described in
加熱還元処理するダスト量を事前に減らす方法として、前記特許文献２に記載されているような、製鉄ダストを乾燥状態で磁気選別する方法が考えられる。
As a method of reducing the amount of dust to be heat-reduced in advance, a method of magnetically sorting iron-making dust in a dry state as described in
しかし、転炉ダストの性状を解析したところ、図３（ａ）に示すように、転炉ダスト中の個々のＺｎＯ粒子および鉄分含有粒子（ＦｅＯ粒子等）の平均粒径は１〜２μｍであるが、乾燥状態では、図３（ｂ）に示すように、それらの粒子が凝集して数１０〜１００μｍの粒径の２次粒子が形成されることが分かった。なお、高炉ダストについても、同様であり、個々の粒子の平均粒径は１０〜２０μｍであるが、乾燥状態では凝集して２次粒子が形成される。 However, when the properties of the converter dust were analyzed, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the average particle size of individual ZnO particles and iron-containing particles (FeO particles, etc.) in the converter dust was 1 to 2 μm. However, in the dry state, as shown in FIG. 3B, it was found that the particles aggregate to form secondary particles having a particle size of several tens to 100 μm. The same applies to blast furnace dust, and the average particle size of individual particles is 10 to 20 μm. However, in the dry state, the particles aggregate to form secondary particles.
したがって、このように個々の微細粒子が凝集して２次粒子が形成された状態では、磁性粒子（ＦｅＯ粒子等）と非磁性粒子（酸化亜鉛粒子）とに的確に磁気分離することは困難である。 Therefore, it is difficult to accurately separate magnetic particles (FeO particles, etc.) and non-magnetic particles (zinc oxide particles) in a state where secondary particles are formed by agglomerating individual fine particles. is there.
本発明は、上記のような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、磁性粒子と非磁性粒子が混合している微粒混合物（例えば、鉄分含有粒子と非鉄分粒子が混合している製鉄ダスト）に対して、的確に精度良く磁気分離を行うことができる微粒混合物の磁気分離方法を提供することを目的とするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is applied to a fine particle mixture in which magnetic particles and nonmagnetic particles are mixed (for example, iron-making dust in which iron-containing particles and nonferrous particles are mixed). On the other hand, it is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic separation method of a fine particle mixture capable of accurately and accurately performing magnetic separation.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明は以下の特徴を有する。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following features.
［１］磁性粒子と非磁性粒子が混合している微粒混合物を磁気分離する方法であって、あらかじめ微粒混合物を湿式攪拌によって解砕してから、当該微粒混合物を磁気選別によって磁性粒子と非磁性粒子とに分離することを特徴とする微粒混合物の湿式磁気分離方法。 [1] A method of magnetically separating a fine particle mixture in which magnetic particles and nonmagnetic particles are mixed, wherein the fine particle mixture is first crushed by wet stirring, and then the fine particle mixture is magnetically separated from the nonmagnetic particles. A method for wet magnetic separation of a fine particle mixture, characterized in that the mixture is separated into particles.
［２］ 前記磁気選別による分離が、磁力の同じ及び／又は異なる複数の磁気選別による分離であることを特徴とする前記［１］に記載の微粒混合物の湿式磁気離方法。 [2] The method of wet magnetic separation of a fine particle mixture according to [1], wherein the separation by magnetic sorting is separation by a plurality of magnetic sortings having the same and / or different magnetic force.
本発明においては、あらかじめ微粒混合物を湿式攪拌によって解砕してから磁気選別を行うようにしているので、乾燥状態では２次粒子に凝集していた微粒混合物が個々の微細粒子に分解・分散された状態で磁気選別されることとなり、的確に精度良く磁性粒子と非磁性粒子に分離することができる。 In the present invention, since the fine particle mixture is pulverized by wet stirring in advance and then magnetic selection is performed, the fine particle mixture aggregated into secondary particles in the dry state is decomposed and dispersed into individual fine particles. Therefore, the magnetic particles can be separated into magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles accurately and accurately.
本発明の一実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。なお、ここでは、転炉ダストを例にして述べる。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, converter dust will be described as an example.
図１は、本発明の一実施形態における転炉ダストの湿式磁気分離方法の処理フローを示すものであり、図２は、その処理フローを模式的に示したものである。 FIG. 1 shows a process flow of a wet magnetic separation method for converter dust according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 schematically shows the process flow.
前述したように、転炉ダストは、大部分が鉄分であり、強磁性体のＦｅ粒子、ＦｅＯ粒子から成り、一部、弱磁性体のＦｅ２Ｏ３粒子が含まれているとともに、非磁性体の酸化亜鉛粒子（ＺｎＯ粒子）が存在する。そして、乾燥状態では、個々の粒子が凝集して２次粒子が形成される。 As described above, the converter dust is mostly made of iron and is composed of ferromagnetic Fe particles and FeO particles, partially containing weakly magnetic Fe 2 O 3 particles and non-magnetic. Zinc oxide particles (ZnO particles) are present. In a dry state, the individual particles aggregate to form secondary particles.
そこで、この実施形態においては、あらかじめ転炉ダストを水中で攪拌（湿式攪拌）することによって個々の粒子に解砕した後、磁力が異なる２段の磁気選別によって、強磁性ダスト（ＦｅＯ粒子等）と弱磁性ダスト（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３粒子）と非磁性ダスト（ＺｎＯ粒子）に分離するようにしている。 Therefore, in this embodiment, the converter dust is crushed into individual particles by stirring in water (wet stirring) in advance, and then ferromagnetic dust (FeO particles, etc.) is obtained by two-stage magnetic sorting with different magnetic forces. And weak magnetic dust (Fe 2 O 3 particles) and non-magnetic dust (ZnO particles).
すなわち、図１、図２に示すように、以下の（Ｓ１）〜（Ｓ８）の手順によって分離処理を行っている。 That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the separation process is performed according to the following procedures (S1) to (S8).
（Ｓ１）転炉から発生する排ガスを湿式集塵して、転炉ダストを回収する。 (S1) The exhaust gas generated from the converter is wet-collected to collect the converter dust.
（Ｓ２）その集塵水を沈殿槽で凝集させる。 (S2) Aggregate the collected water in a sedimentation tank.
（Ｓ３）凝集させた転炉ダストをホッパー１１に投入し、ホッパー１１内に注水して、湿式攪拌する。これによって、転炉ダストが個々の粒子に解砕される。なお、攪拌はフロペラや循環流や超音波等によって行う。また、湿式攪拌して解砕した後、必要に応じて、再凝集を抑止するための薬品を投入してもよい。 (S3) Aggregated converter dust is put into the hopper 11, poured into the hopper 11, and wet-stirred. This breaks the converter dust into individual particles. Stirring is performed by a floppler, a circulating flow, ultrasonic waves, or the like. Moreover, after crushing by wet stirring, chemicals for suppressing reaggregation may be added as necessary.
（Ｓ４）そして、湿式攪拌により解砕された懸濁状態の転炉ダストを定常装入機構（ここでは、薄流水型振動供給機）１２によって低磁力選別機（弱磁力分離機）１３に装入する。ちなみに、薄流水型振動供給機は、傾斜面に薄く水を流しながら振動を加えることによって、定常的に所定量を供給する装置である。 (S4) Then, the suspended converter dust crushed by the wet stirring is loaded into the low magnetic separator (weak magnetic separator) 13 by the steady charging mechanism (here, a thin-flow water type vibration feeder) 12. Enter. Incidentally, the thin-flow water type vibration feeder is a device that constantly supplies a predetermined amount by applying vibration while flowing water thinly on an inclined surface.
（Ｓ５）低磁力選別機１３において、低磁力（例えば、１０００Ｇ）のもとで磁力選別を行う。これによって、低磁力選別機１３の磁着物として強磁性ダスト（ＦｅＯ粒子等）が分離される。 (S5) The low magnetic force sorter 13 performs magnetic force sorting under a low magnetic force (for example, 1000 G). As a result, ferromagnetic dust (FeO particles or the like) is separated as a magnetic deposit of the low magnetic force sorter 13.
（Ｓ６）次に、強磁性ダスト（ＦｅＯ粒子等）が分離された後の懸濁状態の転炉ダストを沈殿槽で凝集させた後、再度湿式攪拌して解砕する。ただし、必要がなければ、この工程は省いてもよい。 (S6) Next, the suspended converter dust after the ferromagnetic dust (FeO particles, etc.) has been separated is agglomerated in a settling tank, and then wet-stirred again to crush. However, this step may be omitted if not necessary.
（Ｓ７）そして、懸濁状態の転炉ダストを定常装入機構（ここでは、薄流水型振動供給機）１４によって高磁力選別機（強磁力分離機）１５に装入する。 (S7) Then, the converter dust in a suspended state is charged into a high magnetic force separator (ferromagnetic separator) 15 by a steady charging mechanism (here, a thin-flow water type vibration feeder) 14.
（Ｓ８）高磁力選別機１５において、高磁力（例えば、３０００Ｇ）のもとで磁力選別を行う。これによって、高磁力選別機１５の磁着物として弱磁性ダスト（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３粒子）が分離され、非磁着物として非磁性ダスト（ＺｎＯ粒子）が抽出される。 (S8) The high magnetic force sorting machine 15 performs magnetic force sorting under a high magnetic force (for example, 3000 G). As a result, weak magnetic dust (Fe 2 O 3 particles) is separated as magnetic deposits of the high magnetic force sorter 15, and non-magnetic dust (ZnO particles) is extracted as non-magnetic deposits.
このようにして、この実施形態においては、あらかじめ転炉ダストを湿式攪拌によって解砕してから磁気選別を行うようにしているので、乾燥状態では２次粒子に凝集していた転炉ダストが個々の微細粒子に分解・分散された状態で磁気選別されることとなり、的確に強磁性ダスト（ＦｅＯ粒子等）と弱磁性ダスト（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３粒子）と非磁性ダスト（ＺｎＯ粒子）に分離することができる。 Thus, in this embodiment, since the converter dust is pulverized by wet stirring in advance and then magnetic sorting is performed, the converter dust that has aggregated into secondary particles in the dry state is individually obtained. Will be magnetically sorted in a state of being decomposed and dispersed into fine particles, and accurately separated into ferromagnetic dust (FeO particles, etc.), weak magnetic dust (Fe 2 O 3 particles) and nonmagnetic dust (ZnO particles). be able to.
なお、この実施形態においては、低磁力選別機１３によって強磁性ダスト（ＦｅＯ粒子等）を選別分離することで、非磁性ダスト（ＺｎＯ粒子）の混入を防止して、製鉄原料の回収純度の向上を図るとともに、その後の高磁力選別機１５によって弱磁性ダスト（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３粒子）を選別分離することで、製鉄原料の回収率の向上を図っているが、このような２段の磁気選別に限定されるものではなく、適宜必要な段数の磁気選別を行うようにすればよい。その際、前段の磁力と後段の磁力が同じ場合や、前段の磁力と後段の磁力が異なっている場合、あるいは両者が組み合わさっている場合等によって磁気選別を行うことができる。すなわち、磁力の同じ及び／又は異なる複数段の磁気選別によって分離するようにしてもよい。 In this embodiment, ferromagnetic dust (FeO particles or the like) is separated and separated by the low magnetic force sorter 13 to prevent the mixing of non-magnetic dust (ZnO particles) and improve the recovery purity of the iron-making raw material. In addition, the high magnetic force sorter 15 selects and separates weak magnetic dust (Fe 2 O 3 particles) to improve the recovery rate of the iron-making raw material. It is not limited to this, and it is sufficient to perform magnetic sorting with a necessary number of stages as appropriate. At this time, the magnetic selection can be performed depending on the case where the magnetic force at the front stage and the magnetic force at the rear stage are the same, when the magnetic force at the front stage and the magnetic force at the rear stage are different, or when both are combined. That is, the separation may be performed by multiple stages of magnetic sorting with the same and / or different magnetic forces.
また、ここでは、転炉ダストを例にして説明したが、高炉ダストにも同様に適用することができる。さらに、高炉ダストと転炉ダストを混合したダストにも適用することができる。また、製鉄ダストだけでなく、電気炉ダストに対しても用いることができる。 Further, here, the converter dust has been described as an example, but the present invention can be similarly applied to blast furnace dust. Furthermore, the present invention can also be applied to dust obtained by mixing blast furnace dust and converter dust. Moreover, it can be used not only for ironmaking dust but also for electric furnace dust.
すなわち、乾燥状態では磁性粒子と非磁性粒子が凝集しているような微粒混合物に対して本発明を適用することによって、磁性粒子と非磁性粒子を的確に分離することができる。 That is, by applying the present invention to a fine particle mixture in which magnetic particles and nonmagnetic particles are aggregated in a dry state, magnetic particles and nonmagnetic particles can be accurately separated.
上記の本発明の一実施形態に基づいて、転炉ダストの湿式磁気分離処理を行った。その結果を表１に示す。なお、処理前の転炉ダストのＺｎ濃度は１．０％であった。また、低磁力選別機１３の磁力は１０００Ｇとし、高磁力選別機１５の磁力は３０００Ｇとした。 Based on one embodiment of the present invention described above, wet magnetic separation treatment of converter dust was performed. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the Zn concentration of the converter dust before the treatment was 1.0%. Moreover, the magnetic force of the low magnetic separator 13 was set to 1000G, and the magnetic force of the high magnetic separator 15 was set to 3000G.
表１に示すように、低磁力選別機の磁着物として強磁性ダスト（ＦｅＯ粒子等）を分離することによって、転炉ダストの９１．３％をＺｎ濃度０．４％に希薄化して回収することができた。 As shown in Table 1, 91.3% of converter dust is diluted and recovered to a Zn concentration of 0.4% by separating ferromagnetic dust (FeO particles, etc.) as magnetic deposits of a low magnetic force sorter. I was able to.
そして、上記のように低磁力選別機によって転炉ダストの主な組成である強磁性ダストが分離回収されたので、残ったダスト量が１０％程度になり、より希薄な懸濁状態になった。したがって、解砕・分散性が上がり、個々の粒子が一層分散された状態で、高磁力選別機に供給された。 And, as described above, the ferromagnetic dust which is the main composition of the converter dust was separated and collected by the low magnetic force sorter, so that the amount of the remaining dust became about 10%, and the suspension became more diluted. . Therefore, the pulverization / dispersibility improved, and the individual particles were further dispersed and supplied to a high magnetic force sorter.
そして、高磁力選別機の磁着物として、転炉ダストの６．７％がＺｎ濃度０．７％に希薄化して回収されるとともに、高磁力選別機の非磁着物として、転炉ダストの２．１％がＺｎ濃度２６．５％に濃縮して回収された。 Then, 6.7% of the converter dust is diluted and recovered to a Zn concentration of 0.7% as the magnetic deposit of the high magnetic force sorter, and 2% of the converter dust as the non-magnetic deposit of the high magnetic force sorter. .1% was recovered by being concentrated to a Zn concentration of 26.5%.
このようにして、焼結機等の運転に障害をもたらす亜鉛の濃度を希薄化したダストを得ることができ、これによって、転炉ダストを製鉄原料として有効に再利用することが可能であることを確認することができた。 In this way, it is possible to obtain a zinc-diluted dust that interferes with the operation of a sintering machine, etc., and this makes it possible to effectively reuse converter dust as an iron-making raw material. I was able to confirm.
また、亜鉛濃度を２６．５％に濃縮して回収することができたことから、亜鉛資源として再利用できる可能性があることが示された。 Moreover, since the zinc concentration was able to be recovered by concentrating to 26.5%, it was shown that it could be reused as a zinc resource.
１１ ホッパー
１２ 薄流水型振動供給機
１３ 低磁力選別機（弱磁力分離機）
１４ 薄流水型振動供給機
１５ 高磁力選別機（強磁力分離機）
11 Hopper 12 Thin-flow water type vibration feeder 13 Low magnetic separator (weak magnetic separator)
14 Thin-flow water type vibration feeder 15 High magnetic separator (ferromagnetic separator)
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