JP2008537702A - 溶融金属浴を利用する方法及び装置 - Google Patents
溶融金属浴を利用する方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/348—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents by direct contact with heat accumulating liquids, e.g. molten metals, molten salts
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0244—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
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- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
- C01B2203/0261—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
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- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0415—Purification by absorption in liquids
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0455—Purification by non-catalytic desulfurisation
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
- C01B2203/84—Energy production
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/154—Pushing devices, e.g. pistons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
Abstract
Description
1.定寸処理(例えば;以後の無機材料の抽出を簡単にし、注入を容易にするため、1乃至2インチ未満のサイズに縮小する)、
2.分離処理(例えば;鉄及び非鉄金属、コンクリート及びガラスを分離する)、
3.供給材料の水分を減らす乾燥処理。例えば、多様な供給材料が含有する水分は20%乃至60%の範囲でそれぞれ差がある。最適条件のガス化を達成するためには、水分レベルが10-20%未満で安定していることが特に好ましい。また、水蒸気爆発の危険を最小限に抑えるためには、水分レベルが10%未満であることが一般的な必要条件である。
1.ホッパー(1)(図2)から重力で供給材料が装填ボックス(2)へ供給される。ゲート(3)は閉じた状態にある。ラム(4)が前進して材料を高圧で圧縮し、その結果、空気の殆どすべてがホッパー(1)を介して逃げる。ラムに作用する圧力の大きさと装填ボックスのサイズは変換される材料及 びシステム全体の処理能力によって決定される。
C + H2O = H2+ COdH 〜 130 kJ/モル
この反応は余剰エネルギーを消費して酸素消費を減らすだけでなく、排出ガス中の水素の容積を増大させる。これは合成ガスの生産を危うくすることなく反応容器内の温度を急速に且つ効率的に低下させる熱吸収反応である。
Fe + 1/2 02 = FeO dH ~ 260 kJ/モル (T = 1600 K)
FeOは反応容器の好ましい運転温度範囲において酸化鉄の優性形態である。他の反応としては下記反応も起こる:
2Fe + 3/2 02 = Fe2O3dH 〜 800 kJ/モル
[C] +O2 = CO2
これらの反応の生成物はすべて溶融金属浴の頂部に向かって移動する。
FeO + [C] = Fe + CO dH 〜 150 kJ/モル(T = 1600 K)
Fe2O3+[C] = 2Fe + 3CO dH 〜 454 kJ/モル
CO + FeO = Fe + CO2dH 〜 -20 kG/モル
この反応に関与する炭素は3つの形態:遊離炭素、溶融物中に溶解している炭素、及び未分解廃棄物中に含有される炭素で反応容器中に存在する。ゾーン1において形成される二酸化炭素の一部は還元されてCOとなる:
CO2 +[C] = 2CO dH ~ 160 kJ/モル
このガスは炭素と反応し続け、一酸化炭素を形成する。これはプロセスのための熱供給源を提供する発熱反応である。システムが過熱状態にならないように細心の注意が必要である。反応容器の温度を注意深く制御し、3000°Fを超えたら、スチーム注入を開始しなければならない。
密閉蓋を有するように改良し、ヘッドスペースを広く取るように寸法を拡大した40−トン溝形誘導炉(Ajax Model VS-40)を使用し、250トン/日のキャパシティで乾燥されたペレット状のごみ固形燃料(RDF)を処理する。10.4トン/時(TPH)でRDFを、スクリュータイプの供給機構を介して反応容器へ供給する。この供給機構は2つの仕事をする:即ち、RDFからの空気抜き;及び所要の速度で材料を供給管へ移動させること。供給管は内径(ID)が4インチの黒鉛化アルミナ・パイプである。供給管は反応容器の蓋の中心に配置されている。
Claims (16)
- 有機及び無機成分を含む1種または2種以上の供給材料を、1つまたは2つ以上の入口及び1つまたは2つ以上の出口を有し、部分的に溶融金属及びガラス性物質が満たされている耐火内壁を有する容器内で処理し、供給材料の有機成分を部分的に酸化することによって形成される合成ガスを生成させ、供給材料の無機成分からガラス性物質及び金属を回収することを可能にする処理方法であって、
a).予め空気を抜かれている1種または2種以上の供給材料を予備処理し、これら供給材料の発熱量を分析し;
b).供給材料を溶融金属中に直接注入し;
c).溶融金属、ガラス性物質及び合成ガスの組成をモニターし;
d).分析及びモニターの結果に基づく量の酸素及び/または分析された供給材料よりも発熱量の高い1種または2種以上の追加供給材料を溶融金属浴中に注入し;
e).分析及びモニターの結果に基づく量のスチームを、耐化内壁を有する容器の溶融金属よりも上方に位置する部分へ注入し;
f).前記1つまたは2つ以上の出口を介して耐化内壁を有する容器から連続的に合成ガスを回収し、周期的に金属及び/またはガラス性物質を回収するステップからなる処理方法。 - 前記供給材料を都市ごみ、ごみ固形燃料、建設廃材、排水汚泥及び廃タイヤから成る群から選択する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 供給材料を予備処理する前記ステップが前記供給材料から空気を抜くステップを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 供給材料の前記分析を中性子線によって行う請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶融金属中への供給材料の直接注入を高速ノズルを介して行なう請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記空気抜きの結果、前記供給材料中の空気が約1重量%未満となる請求項3に記載の方法。
- 合成ガス流を、セラミック・フィルタを通過させることによって精密ろ過するステップをも含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 合成ガス流を誘導してガス処理装置を通過させるステップをも含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 合成ガス流を複合サイクルタービンにおいて利用するステップをも含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 反応容器の底部における1つまたは2つ以上の溝形誘導炉から発生する熱エネルギーによって溶融金属浴に材料を混合するステップをも含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 供給材料を都市ごみ及び建設廃材から成る群から選択する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 有機及び無機供給材料を処理して合成ガス及びガラス性物質を得る装置であって、
(1)1つまたは2つ以上の入口及び1つまたは2つ以上の出口を有し、溶融金属を収容するのに適した耐火内壁を有する容器と;
(2)1つまたは2つ以上の供給材料予備処理ユニットと;
(3)容器へ注入する前に供給材料を連続的に分析するための1つまたは2つ以上のアナライザと;
(4)空気を抜かれた供給材料を容器へ注入するための1つまたは2つ以上のインジェクタと;
(5)金属、ガラス性物質及び合成ガスの組成をモニターするための1つまたは2つ以上のモニターと;
(6)上回ると溶融金属が含まれることになる所定レベルにおいて容器へスチームを注入するための1つまたは2つ以上のインジェクタと;
(7)下回ると溶融金属が含まれることになる所定のレベルにおいて容器へ酸素及び/または追加供給材料を容器へ注入する1つまたは2つ以上の酸素及び追加供給材インジェクタと;
(8)前記アナライザ及びモニターの結果に応答してスチーム、酸素、及び追加供給材料注入量を制御するための1つまたは2つ以上のコントローラ;及び
(9)合成ガスを連続的に回収するため、容器に設けた出口の1つまたは2つ以上から成る、有機及び無機供給材料を処理して合成ガス及びガラス性物質を得る装置。 - 前記耐火内壁を有する容器が溝形誘導炉である請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記1つまたは2つ以上の供給材料準備ユニットがドライヤである請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記1つまたは2つ以上の供給材料準備ユニットが空気抜きである請求項12に記載の装置。
- 供給材料を連続的に分析するための前記アナライザが中性子線分析装置である請求項12に記載の装置。
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US67033205P | 2005-04-12 | 2005-04-12 | |
US11/400,973 US20060228294A1 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2006-04-10 | Process and apparatus using a molten metal bath |
PCT/US2006/013407 WO2006110706A2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2006-04-11 | Process and apparatus using a molten metal bath |
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US (1) | US20060228294A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1874453A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2008537702A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006110706A2 (ja) |
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JP2015533869A (ja) * | 2012-08-30 | 2015-11-26 | フランク リーデヴァルト, | 燃料変換および化合物回収を目的とするタイヤ全体およびプラスチック複合材の熱分解のためのプロセスおよびシステム |
WO2018058951A1 (zh) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-05 | 东北大学 | 一种涡流搅拌熔融还原炼铁方法 |
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GB2567770B (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2021-10-06 | Univ Northeastern | Method for ironmaking by smelting reduction in strir-generated vortex |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1874453A2 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
US20060228294A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
WO2006110706A3 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
EP1874453A4 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
WO2006110706A2 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
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