JP2008535798A - Vegfの阻害による貧血の処置 - Google Patents
Vegfの阻害による貧血の処置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008535798A JP2008535798A JP2008500972A JP2008500972A JP2008535798A JP 2008535798 A JP2008535798 A JP 2008535798A JP 2008500972 A JP2008500972 A JP 2008500972A JP 2008500972 A JP2008500972 A JP 2008500972A JP 2008535798 A JP2008535798 A JP 2008535798A
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- vegf
- anemia
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- hematocrit
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Abstract
Description
本発明の分野は、一般に血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)をブロックするか、阻害するか、または改善することができる薬剤により貧血を処置する方法に関する。
関連技術の記載
哺乳動物における赤血球の産生、すなわち赤血球形成は、ホルモンエリスロポイエチン(EPO)の制御下にある。EPOは通常、血漿内に低濃度で存在し、正常な血液細胞消失(すなわち、老化を介して)および赤血球産生の間の平衡を維持するには充分である。
第一の局面において、本発明は、VEGFによる活性をブロックするか、阻害するか、または改善することができる血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)アンタゴニストを、ヒト被験体に投与する段階を含む、貧血性疾患を処置する方法を特徴とする。より具体的には、VEGFアンタゴニストは、VEGF受容体Flt1の免疫グロブリン様(Ig)ドメイン2およびVEGF受容体Flk1またはFlt4のIgドメイン3、ならびに多量体化成分を有する融合ポリペプチドを含む高親和性融合タンパク質二量体(または「トラップ」)である。さらにより具体的には、VEGFアンタゴニストは、Flt-1(1-3)-Fc、Flt-1(1-3R->N)-Fc、Flt-1(1-3ΔB)-Fc、Flt-1(2-3ΔB)-Fc、Flt-1(2-3)-Fc、Flt-1D2-VEGFR3D3-FcΔC1(a)、Flt-1D2-Flk-1D3-FcΔC1(a)、およびVEGFR1R2-FcΔC1(a)からなる群より選択される融合ポリペプチドを含む。好ましい態様において、VEGFアンタゴニストは、VEGFR1R2-FcΔC1(a)(SEQ ID NO:4)である。
本発明の方法を記載する前に、本発明は、記載する特定の方法および実験条件に限定されるものではなく、方法および実験は変更できることが理解されるべきである。本発明の範囲は添付の特許請求の範囲にのみ限定されることから、本明細書で使用される専門用語は、単に特定の態様を説明することを目的としており、限定することを意図しないこともまた理解されるべきである。
「治療的有効量」という用語は、投与した対象に所望の効果をもたらす用量を意味する。正確な用量は、処置の目的に依存し、公知の技術を使用して当業者により確定可能であると考えられる(例えば、Lloyd (1999) The Art, Science and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compoundingを参照されたい)。
本発明の方法は、下記に記載する可溶性の受容体に基づく融合タンパク質、ベバシズマブ(AVASTIN(登録商標);Genentech)のような抗VEGF抗体、および例えば CDP-791(ImClone)、ソラフェニブ(NEXAVAR(登録商標)、Bayer AG)、スニチニブ(SUTENT(登録商標)、Pfizer)のような、VEGF活性をブロックすることができる薬剤を含む、広い範囲のVEGFアンタゴニストの使用により達成されてもよい。
化学療法剤および/または放射線による癌処置を受けている被験体は、巨核球および/または赤血球レベルの激しい低下に苦しみ、貧血になることが公知である。
AIDS、再生不良性貧血、および骨髄形成異常などの疾患に罹患した被験体は、同様に貧血になることが公知である。一般に、被験体は、そのヘモグロビンレベルが、(患者の年齢および性別に依存して)血液100 ml当たり11〜13 gmを下回って低下する場合、貧血であると見なされる。したがって、貧血を発症する危険があるか、または貧血に罹患している被験体は、本発明の方法による処置の候補である。
多くの態様において、VEGFアンタゴニストは、第二のVEGFアンタゴニスト分子を含む、1つもしくは複数のさらなる化合物または治療と組み合わせて投与してもよい。併用療法は、VEGFアンタゴニストおよび1つまたは複数のさらなる薬剤を含む単一の薬学的投与製剤の投与、ならびにそれ自体別個の薬学的投与製剤におけるVEGFアンタゴニストおよび1つまたは複数のさらなる薬剤の投与を含む。例えば、VEGFアンタゴニスト、および細胞障害性薬剤、化学療法剤、または増殖阻害剤は、併用製剤のような単一の投与組成物において共に患者に投与することができるか、または各薬剤は、別個の投与製剤において投与することができる。別個の投与製剤が用いられる場合、本発明のVEGF特異的融合タンパク質および1つまたは複数のさらなる薬剤は、同時に、または別のずらした時間に、すなわち連続的に、投与することができる。
本発明は、VEGFアンタゴニストなどのVEGFアンタゴニスト、および降圧剤を含む組成物ならびに処置方法を提供する。例えばリポソーム、微粒子、マイクロカプセルへの封入、化合物を発現することが可能な組換え細胞、受容体によるエンドサイトーシス(例えばWu and Wu, 1987, J. Biol. Chem. 262:4429-4432を参照されたい)、レトロウイルスベクターまたは他のベクターの一部としての核酸の構築など、様々な送達系が公知であり、本発明の組成物を投与するのに使用することができる。導入方法は、経腸または非経口が可能であり、かつ皮内、筋肉内、腹腔内、静脈内、皮下、鼻腔内、眼内、および経口経路を含むがこれらに限定されない。化合物は、任意の便利な経路、例えば注入またはボーラス注射、上皮または粘膜皮内層による吸収(例えば、口腔粘膜、直腸および腸粘膜など)によって投与してもよく、他の生物活性物質と共に投与してもよい。投与は、全身投与または局所投与とすることができる。投与は、急性的もしくは慢性的(例えば、毎日、毎週、毎月など)に行うことが可能であり、または他の薬剤と併用することもできる。例えば吸入器または噴霧器、およびエアロゾル化剤による製剤を使用することにより、肺への投与を行うことができる。
本発明の方法の実施に有用な薬学的組成物は、治療的有効量の活性物質、および薬学的に許容される担体を含む。「薬学的に許容される」という用語は、動物、より具体的にはヒトへの使用に対して、連邦政府または州政府の規制当局により認可されている、または米国薬局方もしくは一般に認められている薬局方に記載されていることを意味する。「担体」という用語は、それを用いて治療用物質を投与する、希釈剤、アジュバント、付形剤、または賦形剤を意味する。このような薬学的担体は、水、およびピーナッツオイル、大豆油、鉱油、ゴマ油など、石油、動物油、植物油、または合成されたものを含む油などの液体を滅菌したものであることができる。適した薬学的付形剤には、デンプン、グルコース、乳糖、ショ糖、ゼラチン、麦芽、米、小麦粉、チョーク、シリカゲル、ステアリン酸ナトリウム、モノステアリン酸グリセロール、タルク、塩化ナトリウム、乾燥脱脂粉乳、グリセロール、プロピレン、グリコール、水、エタノールなどが含まれる。組成物はまた、望ましければ、微量の湿潤剤もしくは乳化剤、またはpH緩衝剤を含んでもよい。これらの組成物は、溶液、懸濁液、エマルジョン、錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、散剤、徐放性製剤などの形態を取ることができる。この組成物は従来の結合剤およびトリグリセリドのような担体と共に坐剤として製剤化することができる。経口製剤は、製薬グレードのマンニトール、乳糖、デンプン、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、サッカリンナトリウム、セルロース、炭酸マグネシウムなどのような標準的な担体を含むことができる。適切な薬学的担体の例は、E. W. Martinにより、「Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences」に記載されている。
以下の実施例は、本発明の方法および組成物の製造方法および使用方法の完全な開示ならびに説明を当業者に提供する目的で記載されるものであり、発明者らが本発明とみなす範囲を限定することを意図しない。使用する数字(例えば、量、温度など)に関して正確性を確保する努力は成されているが、ある程度の実験的誤差および偏りは許容されるべきである。特に規定されない限り、部分は重量部であり、分子量は平均分子量であり、温度は摂氏であり、かつ圧力は大気圧であるか、またはその近傍である。
SCIDマウス(n=3〜4)を、週2回(週蓄積量5および50 mg/kg)もしくは週3回(週蓄積量75 mg/kg)、それぞれ8または9.5週間にわたって、VEGFトラップタンパク質(SEQ ID NO:4)を皮下に注射することで処理した。ヘマトクリットは標準的な技術によって測定した。結果は図1に示す。ヘマトクリットの増加は、VEGFトラップによって処理したSCIDマウスにおいて用量依存様式で観察された。
24匹のカニクイザル(3/性別/群)に、1.5、5、もしくは15 mg/kg VEGFトラップタンパク質(SEQ ID NO:4)、または賦形剤を週3回、4週間にわたり皮下投与した。8匹のさらなるカニクイザル(2/性別/群)に、週3回、4週間にわたり、さらに28日間の回復期間を伴って、賦形剤または15 mg/kg VEGFトラップタンパク質のいずれかを与えた。ヘマトクリット、ヘモグロビン、および赤血球数の増加は、全ての用量で観察された。
VEGFトラップを、皮下注射を介して、0〜25 mg/kgの用量範囲で、10日〜8週間の範囲の期間、週2回投与した。研究の終わりに、全血を心臓穿刺によって採取し、ヘマトクリットの測定を含む分析のため、AniLytics(Gaithersburg, MD)に送った。「IgG4」は、そこにおいてIgG4がIgG1に置換されるVEGFトラップタンパク質の一種を意味する:「クレモフォール(cremophor)」は、10%クレモフォール、10%エタノールをPBS中に含むパクリタキセル(Taxol(商標))に対する賦形剤である:Taxol(商標)は、20 mg/kgとして週3回与えられた。マウスをVEGFトラップによって処理する場合、ヘマトクリットはマウスの系統に関わらず増加する。一般に、VEGFトラップ処理のヘマトクリットに対する効果は、処理の期間および用量の両方に依存するように見える。VEGFトラップを、単独でヘマトクリットの減少をもたらした薬剤と併用する場合、ヘマトクリットはおよそ正常レベルになることが見出された。
臨床試験は、VEGFトラップタンパク質(SEQ ID NO:4)を、扁平上皮肺癌以外の不治の再発性または難治性固形腫瘍を有する被験体に皮下投与することによって行った。被験体を、毎週25、50、100、200、400、および800μg/kg、ならびに週2回800μg/kgで、VEGFトラップタンパク質によって処置した。研究の最初の5週間、被験体は、割り当てられた用量レベルで連続して週6回(または週2回)注射を受けた。
Claims (9)
- 以下のための医用薬剤の調製における、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)による活性をブロックするか、阻害するか、または改善することができる薬剤の使用:(a)哺乳動物における貧血性疾患の処置;(b)その危険性のある被験体における癌処置の結果もたらされると予想される貧血の予防;(c)それを必要とする被験体におけるヘマトクリットレベルの増加;または(d)それを必要とする被験体におけるエリスロポイエチンレベルの増加または赤血球形成の刺激。
- 貧血性疾患が、低下したヘマトクリットレベルによって特徴付けられる、請求項1パート(a)記載の使用。
- 貧血性疾患が、慢性腎不全、癌、癌化学療法、放射線処置、抗ウィルス療法、栄養鉄分欠乏、血液損失、または溶血に関連する、請求項1パート(a)または請求項2記載の使用。
- 貧血性疾患が、化学療法または放射線による処置の結果もたらされる、請求項3記載の使用。
- 癌処置が、放射線および/または化学療法による処置である、請求項1パート(b)記載の使用。
- それを必要とする被験体におけるヘマトクリットレベルが、全血液量の約33%を下回り、かつ融合ポリペプチドの投与が、全血液量の約33%を上回るようヘマトクリットレベルを増加させるのに十分な量で行われる、請求項1パート(c)記載の使用。
- 薬剤がVEGFR1R2-FcΔC1(a)(SEQ ID NO:4)である、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の使用。
- 投与が皮下または静脈内投与である、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の使用。
- 投与が単一用量または複数回用量である、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の使用。
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