JP2008520748A - うっ血性心不全の治療のための培養三次元組織の使用 - Google Patents
うっ血性心不全の治療のための培養三次元組織の使用 Download PDFInfo
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- Endocrinology (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本出願は、2004年11月22日に出願された米国特許出願第60/630,243号および2005年6月17日に出願された米国特許出願第60/692,054号に対して35 U.S.C.§119(e)の元での利益を請求するものであり、それらの内容は参照により本明細書に組み入れられるものとする。
うっ血性心不全(CHF)は、心臓機能の異常により、心拍出量が末梢組織の代謝的要求を満たすのに十分なレベル以下に落ちる臨床的症候群である。冠動脈疾患などの他の心臓病状は心筋梗塞および心筋の死を誘導するため、うっ血性心不全は頻繁に発生する。うっ血性心不全を誘導し得るさらなる病因としては、虚血、心筋症、心筋炎、弁機能不全、代謝異常および内分泌異常(例えば、甲状腺機能低下、アルコール、マグネシウム欠損など)、心膜異常、先天性心臓欠陥、心臓不整脈、ならびにウイルス感染症が挙げられる。
本明細書に記載の組成物および方法を用いて、うっ血性心不全に関連する少なくとも1種の臨床症状を治療することができる。典型的には、うっ血性心不全は心筋の弱体化により引き起こされ、末梢器官に十分な血液をポンプで送ることができなくなる。時間と共に、弱体化された心筋は、心臓が十分に血液を供給できないほど拡張するようになるまで徐々に拡張する。一般的には、前記方法は注入、埋め込みおよび/または付着により投与することができる培養三次元組織の投与を含む。例えば、外科的手順を用いる実施形態においては、三次元組織を、接着剤、ホッチキス、縫合糸、または当業者には公知の他の手段を用いて付着させる。
図面の簡単な説明については別節参照。
本明細書においては、患者の心臓の一領域を、うっ血性心不全に関連する少なくとも1つの臨床症状を治療するのに有効な量の生細胞を含む培養三次元組織と接触させることを含む、うっ血性心不全に罹患している患者を治療する方法が開示される。
種々の実施形態においては、うっ血性心不全を有すると診断された個体における心臓組織の治癒を促進することができる三次元組織を、以下により詳細に考察されるような様々な型の細胞から取得することができる。この三次元組織を商業的に取得するか、または米国特許第6,372,494号;第6,291,240号;第6,121,042号;第6,022,743号;第5,962,325号;第5,858,721号;第5,830,708号;第5,785,964号;第5,624,840号;第5,512,475号;第5,510,254号;第5,478,739号;第5,443,950号;および第5,266,480号(それらの内容は参照により本明細書に組み入れられるものとする)に記載の手順を用いてde novoで作製することができる。
いくつかの実施形態においては、培養三次元組織を、三次元足場を含む生体適合材料を好適な細胞とともに接種し、この細胞を好適な条件下で増殖させて、1以上の組織治癒特性を有する培養三次元組織の産生を促進することにより作製する。細胞は、ドナーから直接、ドナーから作製された細胞培養物から、または確立された細胞培養系から取得することができる。いくつかの例においては、多量の細胞を、任意の好適な死体の器官または胎児起源から取得することができる。いくつかの実施形態においては、好ましくは1個以上のMHC座が一致した同じ種の細胞を、被験体またはその近親体から、生検により取得し、それを標準的な条件を用いて培養中で集密まで増殖させ、必要に応じて使用する。ドナー細胞の特性評価を、三次元組織を用いて治療しようとする被験体を参照して行う。
遺伝子操作された三次元組織を、米国特許第5,785,964号(その開示はその全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられるものとする)に記載のように調製することができる。遺伝子操作された組織は、in vivoでの増殖因子および/またはWntタンパク質の持続的放出のための遺伝子送達ビヒクルとして役立ち得る。例えば、特定の実施形態においては、間質細胞などの細胞を遺伝子操作して、該遺伝子操作された細胞にとって外因性であるか、または内因性である遺伝子産物を発現させることができる。遺伝子操作することができる間質細胞としては、限定されるものではないが、線維芽細胞(胎児、新生児、もしくは成体起源のもの)、平滑筋細胞、心筋細胞、幹細胞または前駆細胞、ならびに骨髄中に認められる内皮細胞、マクロファージ、単球、脂肪細胞、周皮細胞、および細網細胞などの疎性結合組織中に認められる他の細胞が挙げられる。種々の実施形態においては、幹細胞または前駆細胞を遺伝子操作して、外因性もしくは内因性の遺伝子産物を発現させ、そしてそれを、単独で、または間質細胞と組合わせて、三次元足場上で培養することができる。
本明細書に記載の三次元組織は、うっ血性心不全の治療において有用である。うっ血性心不全の作用は、身体運動中の機能障害から任意のレベルの活動における心臓ポンプ機能の完全な不全にまで及ぶ。うっ血性心不全の臨床症状としては、息切れおよび疲労などの呼吸困難、ならびに運動能力もしくは耐性の低下が挙げられる。臨床的には、特定の個体により示される徴候および症状は、典型的には、4つの群、クラス1〜クラス4のうちの1つに分類される。クラス1心不全は最も軽度であり、一方クラス4の心不全は最も重篤である。
いくつかの方法を用いて、培養三次元組織の付着の前後で、うっ血性心不全を有すると診断された個体における心臓の機能の変化を測定することができる。例えば、心エコー図を用いて、心臓がポンプ送達する最大量を決定することができる。各拍動につき左心室からポンプで汲み出される血液の割合を、駆出率と呼ぶ。健康な心臓においては、駆出率は約60%である。左心室が活発に収縮できないことにより引き起こされるうっ血性心不全、すなわち、収縮型心不全を有する個体においては、駆出率は通常40%未満である。心不全の重篤度および原因に応じて、駆出率は典型的には40%未満から15%以下の範囲である。また、心エコー図を用いて、収縮型心不全と、ポンプ送達機能は正常であるが、心臓が硬直している拡張型心不全との間を区別することもできる。
様々な方法を用いて、培養三次元組織を、うっ血性心不全を有すると診断された個体の心臓に付着および/または接触させることができる。付着のための好適な手段としては、限定されるものではないが、三次元組織と心臓組織との間の直接的接着、生物学的接着剤、合成接着剤、レーザー、およびヒドロゲルが挙げられる。多数の止血剤およびシーリング材が商業的に入手可能であり、限定されるものではないが、「SURGICAL」(酸化セルロース)、「ACTIFOAM」(コラーゲン)、「FIBRX」(光活性化フィブリンシーリング材)、「BOREAL」(フィブリンシーラント)、「FIBROCAPS」(乾燥粉末フィブリンシーリング材)、ポリサッカリドポリマーp-G1 cNAc(「SYVEC」パッチ;Marine Polymer Technologies)、Polymer 27CK (Protein Polymer Tech.)が挙げられる。1.5時間以内に手術室で120 mlの患者の血液から自己由来のフィブリンシーリング材を調製するための医学的デバイスおよび器具も公知である(例えば、Vivostat System)。
実施例1:イヌ心臓試験における慢性虚血組織の治療
三次元培養組織、すなわち、Anginera(商標)(本明細書においてはDermagraft(商標)とも呼ぶ)は、Smith & Nephewにより製造されたものである。Anginera(商標)は生体吸収性ポリグラクチンメッシュ足場(Vicryl(商標))上でのヒト新生児皮膚線維芽細胞の培養により作製された、無菌の凍結保存されたヒト線維芽細胞に基づく組織である。このプロセスを、専用の増殖容器またはバイオリアクター内で実行する。組織増殖は、細胞増殖のための必要な栄養を提供する細胞培地を用いて支援する。Anginera(商標)を製造するのに用いられる密閉されたバイオリアクター系は、無菌で均一かつ再現性のある生きたヒト組織の増殖のための制御された環境を維持する。
1. 心拍出量(CO):COは安静条件からストレス条件へと増加すると予想された。罹患心臓は、ドブタミンストレス条件下でCOを増加させる能力の減弱を示すと予想される。
2. 左心室駆出率(LVEF):LVEFも、安静条件からストレス条件へと増加すると予想された。罹患心臓は、ドブタミンストレス条件下でLVEFを増加させる能力の減弱を示すと予想される。
3. 左心室拡張末期容積指数(LVEDVI):LVEDVIは安静条件からストレス条件へと増加すると予想された。罹患心臓は、ドブタミンストレス条件下でLVEDVIのより多い増加を示すと予想される。
4. 左心室収縮末期容積指数(LVESVI):LVESVIは安静条件からストレス条件へと減少すると予想された。罹患心臓は、ドブタミンストレス条件下でLVESVIを減少させる能力の減弱を示すと予想される。
5. 収縮期壁肥厚(SWT):SWT値は安静条件からストレス条件へと増加すると予想された。罹患心臓は、ドブタミンストレス条件下でSWT値を増加させる能力の減弱を示すと予想される。
1. 心内膜下虚血損傷を示す傷が、全ての群において認められた。
2. 第1群(虚血のみ)の標本は、炎症を示さずに最小限の局所心膜肥厚を示した。
3. 第2群(生存能力のないAnginera(商標))埋め込み物は、最小限の炎症および局所中皮増殖を示し、広範性の軽度で局所的に増加した心膜肥厚を有していた。
4. 第3群(単一用量のAnginera(商標))および第4群(3片のAnginera(商標))は、パッチと心外膜の間の様々な量の中程度の、局所性の、多発局所性の、またはバンド様の炎症、および局所異物反応(多くは縫合糸に関連する)を示す線維性心膜肥厚を有していた。
5. 30日目よりも90日目の方が認められた炎症が少なかった。
6. 免疫学的反応の明確な証拠は認められなかった。
7. 全ての事例において心筋に関する炎症は存在しなかった。
8. 心膜炎症の領域において局所的に血管系の増加が認められた。
マウス後肢虚血モデルを、2つの異なる系統であるC57BL/6およびBalb/Cにおいて作製した。このモデルは、大腿深動脈の分岐点に近接した動脈と静脈、およびさらに5〜7 mm末梢側の部位を結紮することからなる。両方の系統が文献中では用いられてきたが、Balb/Cマウスが他の系統よりもコラテライゼーションすることが少ないことが判明している。従って、Balb/Cマウス系統をさらなる試験のために選択した。
Claims (33)
- うっ血性心不全に罹患している患者を治療する方法であって、該患者の心臓の一領域と、心不全に関連する少なくとも1つの臨床症状を治療するのに有効な、生細胞を含む培養三次元組織の量とを接触させることを含む、前記方法。
- 培養三次元組織の量が心臓のポンプ効率を改善するのに十分なものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 心臓のポンプ効率を駆出率により測定する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 培養三次元組織の量が心臓の収縮性を改善するのに十分なものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 培養三次元組織の量が心臓の大きさを減少させるのに十分なものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 損傷された心臓組織を、第1のおよび少なくとも第2の培養三次元組織と接触させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 損傷された心臓組織を、第1のおよび少なくとも第2の培養三次元組織と同時に接触させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生細胞が線維芽細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生細胞が平滑筋細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 平滑筋細胞が血管平滑筋細胞である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 血管平滑筋細胞が大動脈平滑筋細胞である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 生細胞が心筋細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生細胞が幹細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生細胞が複数の細胞型を含み、該複数の細胞型が線維芽細胞、平滑筋細胞、心筋細胞、内皮細胞、幹細胞、周皮細胞、マクロファージ、単球、白血球、形質細胞、肥満細胞および脂肪細胞からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 患者の心臓の一領域が心外膜である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 患者の心臓の一領域が心筋である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 患者の心臓の一領域が心内膜である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生細胞が1種以上のWNTタンパク質を分泌する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 1種以上のWNTタンパク質がWNT5a、WNT7a、およびWNT11からなる群より選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 治療上有効量の1種以上のアンジオテンシン変換酵素(ACE)阻害剤を投与することをさらに含む、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 治療上有効量の1種以上のアンジオテンシンII(A-II)受容体遮断剤を投与することをさらに含む、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 治療上有効量の利尿剤を投与することをさらに含む、請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 治療上有効量のジゴキシンを投与することをさらに含む、請求項1〜22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 治療上有効量のβ遮断剤を投与することをさらに含む、請求項1〜23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 治療上有効量のネシリチドを投与することをさらに含む、請求項1〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記患者に機械的デバイスを埋め込むことをさらに含む、請求項1〜25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 患者の心臓をメッシュ袋を用いて包むことをさらに含む、請求項1〜25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 培養三次元組織の細胞を、生分解性材料を含む基材に付着させる、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 生分解性材料がポリグリコール酸、ポリラクチド、ポリラクチド-コ-グリコール酸、腸線縫合糸、セルロース、ゼラチン、コラーゲン、および/またはデキストランを含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 培養三次元組織の細胞を、非生分解性材料を含む基材に付着させる、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 非生分解性材料がポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリスチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリアクリレート、ポリビニル、ポリカーボネート、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ニトロセルロース化合物および/または綿を含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 培養三次元組織の細胞をマイクロ粒子に付着させる、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 機械的および/または生物学的手段を用いて、前記の心臓の一領域に培養三次元細胞を付着させることを含む、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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US20060140916A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
HK1109783A1 (en) | 2008-06-20 |
AU2005306270A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
US20160256497A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
ATE500855T1 (de) | 2011-03-15 |
US20140271574A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
WO2006055981A3 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
JP2012211175A (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
US20110212068A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
EP1838840A2 (en) | 2007-10-03 |
US20090317482A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
EP1838840B1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
US20130064798A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
DE602005026866D1 (de) | 2011-04-21 |
WO2006055981A2 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
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