JP2008515601A - 単顆膝関節形成の手術ナビゲーションシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
単顆膝関節形成の手術ナビゲーションシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
1.大腿骨および頸骨などの適切な身体部分の蛍光透視画像などのある適切な画像を得る。画像化装置は、位置および方向が本発明による立体鏡赤外線(動的または受動的)センサなどの位置/方向センサによって追跡される関連基準を介して、位置について追跡される。
2.回転軸などの身体部分に関する処理機能情報を提供するために、基準に関連付けられたプローブを使用して大腿骨および頸骨の上の表示点などの身体構造を特定および登録する。
3.追跡されているおよび/または追跡されたもの、および/またはシステムによって予測されるものに対応する処理能力によって生成された画像を少なくとも部分的に使用して、骨を修正するために基準に関連付けられた手術器具を案内および位置決めし、それにより骨を有効かつ効率的に正確に切除する。
4.基準を有するインパクタを使用していくらかまたはすべてを装備することが可能である大腿骨部品および頸骨部品などの試用部品を案内および位置決めし、所望であれば、適切な時間において、インパクタの基準を使用して試用部品の位置および方向の追跡を中断し、部品が上に装備されている身体部分の基準を使用してその位置および方向の追跡を開始する。
5.試用部品の画像と組み合わせて身体部分の画像を使用して、所望に応じて統計的および動的の両方において、試用部品および関節の位置合わせおよび安定性を評価し、一方、適切な回転、前方−後方引出し、柔軟/進展試験を実施し、外科医が位置合わせおよび安定性を評価するのを可能にするデータまたは情報を提示するために、結果を自動的に記憶および算出する。
6.必要であれば靭帯などの組織を解離し、許容可能な位置合わせおよび安定性について所望に応じて試用部品を調節する。
7.インプラント部品を装備し、その位置は、部品のインパクタに関連付けられた基準を介してまず追跡され、その後、部品が装備されている身体部分に関する基準を介して追跡されることが可能である。
8.上記のいくつかもしくはすべての試験および/または所望に応じて他の試験を使用して、インプラント部品および関節の位置合わせおよび安定性を評価し、所望であれば組織を解離し、所望であれば調節し、およびそうでない場合は人工装具の許容可能な位置合わせ、安定性、および性能を統計的かつ動的に確認する。
図11〜14は、手術において使用される品目22の表示または登録を示す。登録は、それが達成されたとしても、コンピュータが、どの身体部分、品目、または構成物がどの1つまたは複数の基準に対応し、身体、品目、または構成物の位置および方向が、その対応する基準、あるいは品目に添付されるインパクタまたは他の部品に添付された基準の位置および方向にどのように関連付けられるかを認識することを単に保証するだけである。そのような登録または指定は、図4〜10に関して議論されたように、骨または骨部分を登録する前、または後に行うことができる。図11は、基準14が添付される器具部品などの品目22をプローブ26で指定する技術者を示す。センサ16は、品目22に添付された基準14の位置および方向、また先端が品目22の上の目標に接触しているプローブ26に添付された基準14の位置および方向をも「見る」。技術者は、画面上などで品目の識別を指定し、次いで特定の膝インプラント産物について特定の切断ブロック部品を示すために必要なデータなど、そのような識別に対応するデータを部品22に添付された特定の形状の基準14と相関させるために、フットペダルを作動させる、またはコンピュータに命令する。次いで、コンピュータは、品目22の構成および形状のデータなどのデータと相関された部品22の基準に関する識別、位置、および方向の情報を記憶し、それにより、登録の際、センサ16が赤外線場において品目22の基準14を追跡するとき、モニタ24は、やはり追跡されている身体部分に対して移動および旋回し、かつ適切に位置決めおよび配向された切断ブロック部品22を示すことができる。図12〜14は、他の器具部品22の同様の登録を示す。
同様に、身体部分10および12の機械軸および他の軸または構成物も、システムによって追跡するために「登録する」ことができる。再び、システムは、図4〜10に示す種類の大腿骨ヘッド、膝、および脚関節の画像を得るために、蛍光透視を使用した。システムは、そのような画像を、画像を得る前に身体部分の上に位置し、かつ手術処置中適所に依然として位置する基準14を使用して、上記で議論されたように実時間でCアームおよび患者の解剖学的構造の位置および配向と相関させる。これらの画像および/またはプローブを使用して、外科医は、コンピュータ18において、タッチ画面上で大腿骨ヘッドおよび脚関節の中心を通常は前方/後方および横である直交図において選択および登録することができる。外科医は、膝の手術部位において、または足首の上などの皮膚または皮膚の上にわたる手術ドレーピングの上において、任意の所望の解剖学的目標または基準を選択するためにプローブを使用することができる。これらの点は、システムによって3次元空間において登録され、手術中に配置されることが好ましい患者の解剖学的構造の上の基準に対して追跡される。図15は、上顆軸を決定、記憶、および表示するために必要な1つの点の位置をコンピュータ18に供給するために、プローブ26を使用して大腿骨12の関節丘部分の上において目標を指定または登録するためにプローブ26を使用する外科医を示す(上顆軸および前方−後方平面および横平面について示す図20を参照されたい)。図15のように実際の骨構造を使用する点の登録は、軸を確立する1つの好ましい方式であるが、上記で議論されたように回転中心を確立するために、身体部分を移動させ、移動を追跡することができるので、プローブ26が骨構造の表面上において複数の点を指定するために使用される点のクラウドの手法を使用することができる。大腿骨ヘッドおよび関節丘部品の回転中心が登録された後、コンピュータは、大腿骨12の機械軸についてデータを算出、記憶、およびレンダリングし、そうでない場合は使用することができる。図17は、再び、大腿骨12の関節丘部品上の点を指定するために使用されているプローブ26を示す。
大腿骨および頸骨に関する機械軸および他の回転軸ならびに構成物が確立された後、器具は、図4〜39に示す本発明の実施形態により、試用部品およびインプラント部品を適切にはめ込むために、骨を切除または修正するように器具を適切に配向させることができる。たとえば、基準14が取り付けられる切断ブロックなどの器具を使用することができる。次いで、システムは、外科医が最適な位置決めのために器具を操作する際、器具を追跡することができる。すなわち、外科医は、システムおよびモニタを使用して、最適な位置決めのために器具を「案内」することができる。このようにして、器具は、管を妨害しない髄外ロッド、髄内ロッド、またはあらゆる他のタイプのロッドの上において、機械軸および回転軸または基準軸に対して骨切り(ostetomies)を位置合わせするために、この実施形態のシステムにより位置決めすることが可能である。次いで、タッチ画面24はまた、とりわけ、インプラントのサイズおよび可能であればインプラントのタイプを適切に選択するために、この方法中に、器具およびロッドに対する切断ブロックおよび/またはインプラントなどの器具を表示することができる。器具が移動する際、相対的な部品位置の内反/外反、柔軟/伸展、および内部/外部の回転を基準軸に関して算出して、示すことができる。好ましい実施形態では、これは、1秒あたり6サイクル以上の速さにおいて行うことができる。次いで、器具の位置は、コンピュータにおいて物理的に固定され、骨切除が行われる。
骨の切除および修正が達成された後、画面24に表示されているように、器具を案内および位置決めするのと同様に、インプラント試用品を装備して、システムによって追跡することができる。したがって、大腿骨部品試用品、頸骨プラトー試用品、および担持プレート試用品が、試用品に対応するコンピュータ生成オーバーレイを使用して画面上において案内されるように配置されることが可能である。
12 大腿骨
14 基準
16 位置センサ
18 計算機能 コンピュータ機能
20 フットペダル
22 品目
24 モニタ
26 プローブ
28 機械軸
30 内側横軸
32 前方/後方軸
204 切断軌跡
Claims (18)
- 膝関節の一部について単顆膝関節形成手術を実施するためのシステムであって、
(a)前記膝関節の一部を形成する身体部分の構造に対応するデータを得るためのロケータであって、前記身体部分およびロケータがそれぞれ基準に少なくとも間接的に添付されるロケータと、
(b)基準に少なくとも間接的に添付された単顆膝関節形成手術器具と、
(c)前記基準の位置を追跡するための少なくとも1つの位置センサと、
(d)前記少なくとも1つの位置センサから信号を受信し、前記身体部分に対する前記単顆膝関節形成手術器具の位置および方向を追跡し、前記単顆膝関節形成手術器具の前記位置および方向に基づき仮想構成物を生成するためのコンピュータと、
(e)少なくとも前記仮想構成物を表示するモニタとを備えることを特徴とする、システム。 - 前記身体部分が、大腿骨、頸骨、および膝頭骨の1つを備えることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記ロケータが、Cアーム蛍光透視装置、CTスキャナ、MRI機器、超音波機器、レーザ走査機器、およびプローブを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記基準が、動的基準、受動的基準、およびハイブリッド動的/受動的基準の1つを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記基準が、モジュール基準を備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの位置センサが、赤外線センサ、電磁センサ、静電センサ、光センサ、音響センサ、および無線周波数センサの1つを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記単顆膝関節形成手術器具が、ロッド、切断ブロック、リーマ、ドリル、およびのこぎりの1つを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記仮想構成物が、切断ブロックの感知された位置および方向に基づき切除平面を備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記仮想構成物が、リーマの感知された位置および方向に基づき切除平面を備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 膝関節の一部に対して単顆膝関節形成手術を実施する方法であって、
(a)前記膝関節の一部を形成する身体部分の構造に対応するデータをロケータで得、前記身体部分および前記ロケータがそれぞれ、少なくとも1つの位置センサによって追跡することができる基準に添付されることと、
(b)前記少なくとも1つの位置センサから信号を受信するコンピュータを使用して、前記身体部分に対する単顆膝関節形成手術器具の位置および方向を追跡し、前記単顆膝関節形成手術器具が、前記少なくとも1つの位置センサによって追跡することができる基準に少なくとも間接的に添付されることと、
(c)前記単顆膝関節形成手術器具および前記身体部分の前記位置および方向に基づき、仮想構成物を生成して、前記コンピュータに関連付けられたモニタに表示することと、
(d)前記単顆膝関節形成手術器具を案内することと、
(e)前記単顆膝関節形成手術器具を使用して前記身体部分を修正することとを備えることをさらに特徴とする、方法。 - 身体部分の構造に対応するデータを得ることが、大腿骨、頸骨、および膝頭骨の1つの構造に対応するデータを得ることを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記膝関節の一部を形成する身体部分の構造に対応するデータをロケータで得ることが、Cアーム蛍光透視装置、CTスキャナ、MRI機器、超音波機器、レーザ走査機器、およびプローブの1つで前記膝関節の一部を形成する身体部分の構造に対応するデータを得ることを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記膝関節の一部を形成する身体部分の構造に対応するデータをロケータで得て、前記身体部分および前記ロケータがそれぞれ、少なくとも1つの位置センサによって追跡することができる基準に添付されることが、前記膝関節の一部を形成する身体部分の構造に対応するデータをロケータで得て、前記身体部分および前記ロケータがそれぞれ、動的基準、受動的基準、およびハイブリッド動的/受動基準の1つに添付されることを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記膝関節の一部を形成する身体部分の構造に対応するデータをロケータで得て、前記身体部分および前記ロケータがそれぞれ、少なくとも1つの位置センサによって追跡することができる基準に添付されることが、前記膝関節の一部を形成する身体部分の構造に対応するデータをロケータで得て、前記身体部分および前記ロケータの少なくとも1つが、モジュール基準に添付されることを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記身体部分に対する単顆膝関節形成手術器具の位置および方向を追跡し、前記単顆膝関節形成手術器具が、前記少なくとも1つの位置センサによって追跡することができる基準に少なくとも間接的に添付されることが、前記身体部分に対する単顆膝関節形成手術器具の位置および方向を追跡し、前記単顆膝関節形成手術器具が、赤外線センサ、電磁センサ、静電センサ、光センサ、音響センサ、および無線周波数センサの少なくとも1つによって追跡することができる基準に少なくとも間接的に添付されることを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 単顆膝関節形成手術器具の位置および方向を追跡することが、ロッド、切断ブロック、リーマ、ドリル、およびのこぎりの1つの位置および方向を追跡することを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 仮想構成物を生成および表示することが、切断ブロックの感知した位置および方向に基づき切除平面を生成および表示することを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 仮想構成物を生成および表示することが、リーマの感知した位置および方向に基づき切除平面を生成および表示することを備えることをさらに特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
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US20070123912A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
WO2006044367A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
AU2005295864A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
EP1799140A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
CA2579719A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
US20050113846A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
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