JP2008509374A - 天然ガス液化方法 - Google Patents
天然ガス液化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008509374A JP2008509374A JP2007525051A JP2007525051A JP2008509374A JP 2008509374 A JP2008509374 A JP 2008509374A JP 2007525051 A JP2007525051 A JP 2007525051A JP 2007525051 A JP2007525051 A JP 2007525051A JP 2008509374 A JP2008509374 A JP 2008509374A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 266
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-pentane Natural products CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
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- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、天然ガスのようなメタンに富むガス流を液化する方法、並びにかかる液化流のより効率的な製造に関する。
上記の目的及び有利性は、一態様においては加圧天然ガス流を液化する方法に関する本発明によって達成される。かかる方法は、
(a)第1の圧力及び第1の温度の加圧天然ガス流を提供し;
(b)加圧天然ガス流を、冷たい冷媒流による間接熱交換によって冷却して、第1の温度よりも低い第2の温度の冷却された加圧天然ガス流を生成し;
(c)膨張装置において冷却された加圧天然ガス流を膨張させ、ここで膨張装置からの膨張仕事を用いて冷媒流を圧縮する圧縮器を駆動して加圧冷媒流を生成し、膨張によって冷却供給流を得てこれを天然ガス液化領域に導き;
(d)加圧冷媒流を冷却して、冷却され少なくとも部分的に凝縮した加圧冷媒流を生成し;
(e)冷却され少なくとも部分的に凝縮した加圧冷媒流を膨張させて、工程(b)において用いる冷たい冷媒流を生成し;
(f)天然ガス液化領域において冷却供給流を液化する;
工程を含む。
(a)第1の圧力及び第1の温度の加圧天然ガス流を提供し;
(b)冷たい冷媒流による間接熱交換によって加圧天然ガス流を冷却して、第1の温度よりも低い第2の温度の冷却された加圧天然ガス流を生成し;
(c)膨張装置において冷却された加圧天然ガス流を膨張させて冷却供給流を生成し、ここで膨張装置からの膨張仕事を用いて冷たい冷媒流を生成するための冷却を与え;
(d)冷却供給流を液化領域で液化する;
工程を含む、加圧天然ガス流を液化する方法に関する。
(a)第1の圧力及び第1の温度の加圧天然ガス流を提供し;
(b)冷たい冷媒流による間接熱交換によって加圧天然ガス流を冷却して、第1の温度よりも低い第2の温度の冷却された加圧天然ガス流を生成し;
(c)膨張装置において冷却された加圧天然ガス流を膨張させて冷却供給流を生成し、ここで膨張装置からの膨張仕事を用いて冷たい冷媒流を生成する;
工程を含む、冷却天然ガス供給流を調製する方法に関する。
(a)第1の圧力及び第1の温度の加圧天然ガス流を提供し;
(b)膨張装置において加圧天然ガス流を膨張させて冷却供給流を生成し、ここで膨張装置からの膨張仕事を用いてLNGを調製するための冷却を与え;
(c)液化領域において冷却供給流を液化する;
工程を含む、加圧天然ガス流を液化する方法に関する。
(a)第1の圧力及び第1の温度の加圧天然ガス流を提供し;
(b)膨張装置において加圧天然ガス流を膨張させて冷却供給流及び膨張仕事を生成し;
(c)液化領域において冷却供給流を液化する;
工程を含む。
本発明は、天然ガス(この用語は上記に定義した通りである)のようなメタンに富むガス流からLNGを製造する方法に関する。本発明において意図する天然ガスは、概して少なくとも50モル%のメタン、好ましくは少なくとも75モル%のメタン、より好ましくは少なくとも90モル%のメタンを含む。天然ガスの残りは、概して、より少量のエタン、プロパン、ブタン、ペンタン及びより重質の炭化水素のような(しかしながらこれらに限定されない)他の可燃性炭化水素、並びに二酸化炭素、硫化水素、ヘリウム及び窒素のような不燃性成分を含む。
本発明の他の態様及び利益は、本明細書を考察することによるか、或いは本明細書において開示した本発明の実施から当業者には明らかである。本明細書は例示のみのものであり、本発明の範囲及び精神は特許請求の範囲によって示される。
Claims (38)
- (a)第1の圧力及び第1の温度の加圧天然ガス流を提供し;
(b)加圧天然ガス流を、冷たい冷媒流による間接熱交換によって冷却して、第1の温度よりも低い第2の温度の冷却された加圧天然ガス流を生成し;
(c)膨張装置において冷却された加圧天然ガス流を膨張させ、ここで膨張装置からの膨張仕事を用いて冷媒流を圧縮する圧縮器を駆動して加圧冷媒流を生成し、膨張によって冷却供給流を得てこれを天然ガス液化領域に導き;
(d)加圧冷媒流を冷却して、冷却され少なくとも部分的に凝縮した加圧冷媒流を生成し;
(e)冷却され少なくとも部分的に凝縮した加圧冷媒流を膨張させて、工程(b)において用いる冷たい冷媒流を生成し;
(f)天然ガス液化領域において冷却供給流を液化する;
工程を含む、加圧天然ガス流を液化する方法。 - 第1の圧力が約1000psig(69.0barg)又はそれ以上である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1の圧力が約1300psig(89.6barg)又はそれ以上である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1の圧力が約1300psig(89.6barg)〜2500psig(172.4barg)である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1の温度が約50°F(10℃)〜100°F(37.8℃)である請求項2に記載の方法。
- 冷媒流がプロパンを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第2の温度が約−30°F(−34.4℃)〜50°F(10℃)である請求項5に記載の方法。
- 膨張装置がターボエキスパンダーである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 冷却供給流が650psig(44.8barg)〜1000psig(69.0barg)の圧力を有する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 冷却供給流が−100°F(−73.3℃)〜−60°F(−51.1℃)の温度を有する請求項7に記載の方法。
- 液化領域がカスケードタイプの液化プロセスを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 液化領域が混合冷媒タイプの液化プロセスを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- (a)第1の圧力及び第1の温度の加圧天然ガス流を提供し;
(b)冷たい冷媒流による間接熱交換によって加圧天然ガス流を冷却して、第1の温度よりも低い第2の温度の冷却された加圧天然ガス流を生成し;
(c)膨張装置において冷却された加圧天然ガス流を膨張させて冷却供給流を生成し、ここで冷たい冷媒流を生成するための冷却を得るために膨張装置からの膨張仕事を用い;
(d)冷却供給流を液化領域で液化する;
工程を含む、加圧天然ガス流を液化する方法。 - 第1の圧力が約1000psig(69.0barg)又はそれ以上である請求項13に記載の方法。
- 第1の圧力が約1300psig(89.6barg)又はそれ以上である請求項13に記載の方法。
- 第1の圧力が約1300psig(89.6barg)〜2500psig(172.4barg)である請求項13に記載の方法。
- 第1の温度が約50°F(10℃)〜100°F(37.8℃)である請求項14に記載の方法。
- 冷媒流がプロパンを含む請求項13に記載の方法。
- 第2の温度が約−30°F(−34.4℃)〜50°F(10℃)である請求項17に記載の方法。
- 膨張装置がターボエキスパンダーである請求項13に記載の方法。
- 冷却供給流が650psig(44.8barg)〜1000psig(69.0barg)の圧力を有する請求項13に記載の方法。
- 冷却供給流が−100°F(−73.3℃)〜−60°F(−51.1℃)の温度を有する請求項19に記載の方法。
- 液化領域がカスケードタイプの液化プロセスを含む請求項13に記載の方法。
- 液化領域が混合冷媒タイプの液化プロセスを含む請求項13に記載の方法。
- (a)第1の圧力及び第1の温度の加圧天然ガス流を提供し;
(b)冷たい冷媒流による間接熱交換によって加圧天然ガス流を冷却して、第1の温度よりも低い第2の温度の冷却された加圧天然ガス流を生成し;
(c)膨張装置において冷却された加圧天然ガス流を膨張させて冷却供給流を生成し、ここで膨張装置からの膨張仕事を用いて冷たい冷媒流を生成する;
工程を含む、冷却天然ガス供給流を調製する方法。 - (a)第1の圧力及び第1の温度の加圧天然ガス流を提供し;
(b)膨張装置において加圧天然ガス流を膨張させて冷却供給流を生成し、ここでLNGを調製するための冷却を得るために膨張装置からの膨張仕事を用い;
(c)液化領域において冷却供給流を液化する;
工程を含む、加圧天然ガス流を液化する方法。 - 該膨張行程の前に、冷たい冷媒流による間接熱交換によって加圧天然ガス流を冷却して、第1の温度よりも低い第2の温度の冷却された加圧天然ガス流を生成する工程を更に含む請求項26に記載の方法。
- 冷たい冷媒流を生成するための冷却を得るために膨張仕事の少なくとも一部を用いる請求項27に記載の方法。
- 液化領域のための冷却を得るために膨張仕事の少なくとも一部を用いる請求項26に記載の方法。
- 液化領域がカスケードタイプのプロセスである請求項26に記載の方法。
- 液化領域が混合冷媒タイプのプロセスである請求項26に記載の方法。
- (a)第1の圧力及び第1の温度の加圧天然ガス流を提供し;
(b)膨張装置において加圧天然ガス流を膨張させて冷却供給流及び膨張仕事を生成し;
(c)液化領域において冷却供給流を液化する;
工程を含む、加圧天然ガス流を液化する方法。 - 該膨張行程の前に、冷たい冷媒流による間接熱交換によって加圧天然ガス流を冷却して、第1の温度よりも低い第2の温度の冷却された加圧天然ガス流を生成する工程を更に含む請求項32に記載の方法。
- 冷たい冷媒流を生成するための冷却を得るために膨張仕事の少なくとも一部を用いる請求項33に記載の方法。
- 液化領域のための冷却を得るために膨張仕事の少なくとも一部を用いる請求項32に記載の方法。
- 膨張仕事の一部を用いて電力を生成するための発電機を駆動する請求項32に記載の方法。
- 液化領域がカスケードタイプのプロセスである請求項32に記載の方法。
- 液化領域が混合冷媒タイプのプロセスである請求項32に記載の方法。
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JP (2) | JP2008509374A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101259192B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1993593B (ja) |
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JP2015506454A (ja) * | 2011-12-20 | 2015-03-02 | コノコフィリップス カンパニー | 動き環境下での天然ガスの液化 |
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EP1792130B1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
CN1993593B (zh) | 2011-06-01 |
US7637121B2 (en) | 2009-12-29 |
RU2382962C2 (ru) | 2010-02-27 |
JP2015061994A (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
WO2006017783A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
ES2630362T3 (es) | 2017-08-21 |
US20060112725A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
RU2007105732A (ru) | 2008-09-20 |
CN1993593A (zh) | 2007-07-04 |
KR20070045279A (ko) | 2007-05-02 |
EP1792130A1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
KR101259192B1 (ko) | 2013-04-29 |
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