JP2008505958A - 標的細胞特異的成分に結合された薬理活性剤とサポニンとを含む組成物 - Google Patents
標的細胞特異的成分に結合された薬理活性剤とサポニンとを含む組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008505958A JP2008505958A JP2007520738A JP2007520738A JP2008505958A JP 2008505958 A JP2008505958 A JP 2008505958A JP 2007520738 A JP2007520738 A JP 2007520738A JP 2007520738 A JP2007520738 A JP 2007520738A JP 2008505958 A JP2008505958 A JP 2008505958A
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
略号:EGF、表皮増殖因子;EGFR、EGFレセプター;IT、イムノトキシン;PBS、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水;PTD、タンパク質導入ドメイン;RIP、リボソーム不活性化タンパク質;Sap-3、Hisタグ付きサポリン-3;Spn、Gypsophila paniculata Lに由来するサポニヌムアルブム;SE、Sap-3とEGFとの直接融合タンパク質;SA2E、切断可能な分子アダプターを介してSap-3に結合されたEGF。
プライマーおよびオリゴヌクレオチドはすべて、Metabion(Martinsried, Germany)から購入した。既に詳述されているように(9)、ITのDNAをpLitmus28(NEB, Frankfurt, Germany)中に構築し、pET11d発現ベクター(Novabiochem, Schwalbach, Germany)から転写させた。この試験で使用したイムノアダプタートキシン((9)のSapAd*EGFと同一のSA2E)は、N末端6×Hisタグ、サポリン-3(このcDNAは、寛大にも、Serena Fabbrini, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italyにより提供された)、アダプター、およびEGFよりなる。そのアダプターは、カスパーゼ切断部位および細胞質内切断用の酵母認識配列を含有する細胞質内切断可能なペプチド(YVHDEVDRGP)と、B型肝炎ウイルス表面抗原のPreS2ドメインに由来するPTD(PLSSIFSRIGDP)(26)と、Pseudomonasエキソトキシンおよび改変ジフテリアトキシン切断部位を含有するエンドソーム内切断可能なペプチド(RHRQPRGNRVGRS)と、で構成される。リガンド媒介特異性の対照として、アダプターもリガンドも有していないHisタグ付きサポリン-3(Sap-3)を使用した。
ペレットを変性条件下で溶解させ、製造業者の推奨書(Qiagen, Hilden, Germany)に従ってSap-3およびSA2Eをニッケル-ニトリロ三酢酸アガロースクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。簡潔に述べると、細胞を氷上で30秒間ずつ、1分間の休止時間をもたせて3回にわたり超音波処理し(Branson sonoplus、マイクロチップSH213G、デューティーサイクル20%)、4℃において48000gで30分間遠心分離した。上清を4mlのあらかじめ平衡化したニッケル-ニトリロ三酢酸カラム上でのアフィニティークロマトグラフィーにかけた。8Mウレア(pH4.5)を用いてトキシンを溶出させ、対応する画分を50mM Tris-HCl/100mM NaCl(pH7.5)で透析した。最終物質は、SDS-PAGEの後でクーマシー染色および銀染色により評価したとき95%の純度であると算出された。
対照としての非トランスフェクトSwissマウス胚NIH-3T3細胞(DSMZ, the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Culturesから入手)、HER14細胞と呼ばれるヒトEGFレセプター(EGFR)をトランスフェクトしたNIH-3T3細胞(Prof. E. J. van Zoelen, Department of Cell Biology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlandsから厚意により贈与)、およびヒト乳腺癌細胞系MCF-7(ATCC, Rockville, MDから入手)を用いて、細胞培養実験を行った。HER14細胞は、1細胞あたり約4×105個のEGFR分子を発現するが、MCF-7細胞は、1細胞あたりより少ない約1×104個のEGFRを有する。10% FCS(BioChrom KG, Berlin, Germany)、100U/mlのペニシリン、および100μg/mlのストレプトマイシンを追加したGlutamaxTM 1(Invitrogen / Gibco, Karlsruhe, Germany)を含むダルベッコMEM中で細胞を保持した。37℃、5% CO2、および湿度95%で細胞を培養した。
細胞傷害性アッセイは、生細胞によるフルオレセインジアセテートの切断に基づくものであり、Nygrenら(28)により記載されるように行った。トキシンと共に細胞をインキュベートした後、それらをPBSで2回洗浄し、そしてフルオレセインジアセテート(10μg/ml; Sigma, Germany)と共に1時間インキュベートした。それぞれ485nmおよび538nmの励起および発光λを用いてマイクロプレートリーダー(Spectra Max Gemini, Molecular Devices)により蛍光を測定した。ブランク(細胞の入っていないウェル)を引き算した後、未処理細胞(トキシンを用いない細胞)に対する処理ウェル中の生細胞のパーセントとして生存指数を計算した。
Spn投与についての濃度および時点の最適化
精製、酵素活性の試験、および用量応答曲線の決定は、イムノアダプタートキシンについて十分に確立されている(9, 27)。すべての実験に対して、少なくとも95%の純度(クーマシー染色および銀染色により評価した場合)および600〜700pmolアデニン/pmolトキシン/時の範囲内のニシン精子DNAからのアデニン放出(比色アデニン定量アッセイ(27)により決定した場合)を呈するトキシンのみを使用した。最初に、Spn(図1)を、単独でまたはイムノアダプタートキシンSA2Eの存在下の2つの選択濃度で、標的レセプター発現性HER14細胞に及ぼすその細胞傷害性に関して、試験した。Spnは、3μg/mlまで、HER14細胞に対して刺激作用を有しないか、または有していたとしてもごくわずかの刺激作用しか有しない(図2A)。5μg/ml以上の濃度では、かなりの細胞傷害効果が生じた(IC50=10.3μg/ml、外挿)。SA2E用量応答試験における非毒性濃度(1.5μg)および毒性濃度(5μg)のSpnの適用から(図2B)、非毒性濃度のSpnがSA2Eの細胞傷害性を約3560倍に(2.4nMのIC50から0.67pMのIC50に)増強されることが明確に示される。これとは対照的に、Spn濃度をさらに5μg/mlの毒性レベルに増大させる効果は、細胞傷害性を単に0.44pMのIC50に増大させるにすぎないことから、きわめて大きい相乗効果が非毒性濃度のSpnで媒介され、毒性Spn濃度の付加的作用は相加的であるにすぎないことが示唆される。リガンド非含有Sap-3を適用した場合にも、1.5μg/mlと比較して5μg/mlにおいてSpnにより媒介される毒性効果の同様の相対的増強が(より高い絶対濃度で)観測されることから、この効果はリガンド非依存的であるので好ましくないことが示唆される。したがって、本発明者らは、すべてのさらなる検討を行う際、1.5μg/mlのSpnを標準として使用した。それにもかかわらず、本発明者らはまた、ほとんどの実験を5μg/mlのSpnを用いても行ったが、その効果は、図2Bに示される効果と変わらないので、後続のデータには示していない(明示されたSpnの変化を除く)。
SpnがITの特異性にどのように影響を及ぼすかを調べるために、2系列の実験を実施した。第1には、SA2Eおよびリガンド非含有Sap-3の細胞傷害性に及ぼす効果を測定して、リガンドの役割を調べた。第2には、EGFRの細胞表面発現が異なるさまざまな細胞系(下記参照)でSA2Eを調べて、レセプターの役割を明らかにした。
レセプター依存的特異性を検討するために、本発明者らはさらに、MCF-7細胞および非トランスフェクトNIH-3T3細胞においてSA2EおよびSap-3の細胞傷害性に対するSpn媒介効果を分析した。ヒト乳腺癌細胞系MCF-7は、HER14の約1/40のEGFR分子を発現する(4×105に対して1×104レセプター/細胞)。HER14細胞に対する毒性とは対照的に、SA2Eは、MCF-7細胞に対してわずかな細胞傷害効果を呈するにすぎず、300nmでIC50に達しない(図6A)。これは、以前の結果に対応しており、おそらく、より少ないレセプター数に起因する。しかしながら、Spnの存在下では、HER14細胞の場合(0.67pM、図2B)の4倍高い濃度である約2.7pMのIC50を示す明確な細胞傷害効果が観測され、それはMCF-7細胞上のレセプター数の減少を反映している。Sap-3はリガンドを有しておらず、したがって、細胞傷害性は細胞表面上のレセプターレベルに依存しないが、Sap-3はMCF-7細胞に対してわずかに低い効果を示す(HER14に対する0.22nMと比較して0.63nM)。HER14およびMCF-7細胞は、それぞれマウスおよびヒトに由来する全く異なる細胞系であるので、それらがSap-3に対して異なる代謝感受性を呈することは明らかである。Spnを加えずにインキュベートしたMCF-7細胞について図6Aの細胞傷害性曲線を外挿した場合、SA2EおよびSap-3の両方に対し約1000nMのIC50が計算される(表1)。したがって、Spnは、MCF-7細胞に対するSap-3の非特異的リガンド非依存的細胞傷害性を1450倍に増強するだけだが、これとは対照的に、SA2Eの特異的リガンド依存的細胞傷害性を385000倍に増強する。Spnを用いたときと用いないときの処理の商が0.01〜0.3nMの範囲内で最適用量を示したことから、標的細胞の表面上のレセプター発現に応じて効果的なIT濃度を容易に調整しうることが実証される(図6C)。値の分散がより大きいのは、一次データのわずかに生じた分散が商を求めることにより増大することが原因である。
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Claims (31)
- 標的細胞特異的成分に結合された少なくとも1種の薬理活性剤と少なくとも1種のサポニンとを含む組成物であって、該薬理活性剤が、サポニンではなく、抗原結合性領域と抗体依存的免疫学的過程を媒介する抗体の1つもしくは複数の領域とを含む抗原結合性タンパク質でもない、上記組成物。
- 前記薬理活性剤が、前記薬理活性剤と、機能不全に直接的もしくは間接的に関与する細胞内標的との相互作用により、標的細胞死を引き起こすか、標的細胞増殖を阻止するか、または標的細胞の機能不全を消失もしくは低減させることにより、細胞の機能不全を排除するかまたは寄生生物を含む細胞を死滅させることができるものであり、該機能不全が、限定されるものではないが、感染(たとえば、HIVのようなウイルス感染または細菌感染)により引き起こされるような機能不全、あるいは癌、心臓血管疾患、炎症、神経変性疾患、もしくはアミロイド疾患、または糖尿病を引き起こすかまたはそれらに伴う機能不全を包含することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記薬理活性剤が細胞傷害性または細胞分裂阻害性であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記標的細胞特異的成分が、標的細胞に特異的に結合し、かつ(a)タンパク質、たとえば、天然タンパク質、組換えタンパク質、抗体、抗体フラグメント、リポタンパク質、およびタンパク質リガンド、たとえば、増殖因子(たとえば、EGF、GM-CSF、VEGF、TGF)およびそのキメラ、サイトカイン(たとえば、インターロイキン、インターフェロン)、トランスフェリン、接着分子(たとえば、CD4)、ならびにウロキナーゼ型プラスミノーゲンアクチベーター、(b)ペプチド、たとえば、天然ペプチドおよび合成ペプチド、(c)核酸、たとえば、天然のもしくはデザインされたDNA、RNA、またはそれらの誘導体、(d)炭水化物、(e)脂質、(f)ホルモン、および(g)化学化合物、たとえば、ライブラリーからコンビナトリアルケミストリーによりデザインされるような化合物、ならびに(a)〜(g)の組合せ、を含む群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記標的細胞が、癌性細胞、寄生性細胞、ウイルスに感染した細胞、およびTNFα放出性細胞を含む群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記薬理活性剤が、非共有結合によりおよび/または共有結合により前記標的細胞特異的成分に結合されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記標的細胞特異的成分が、抗体もしくは抗体フラグメント、もしくは増殖因子、サイトカイン、もしくはトランスフェリン、またはこれらのいずれかの組合せもしくは誘導体であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記薬理活性剤がサイトトキシンであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記標的細胞特異的成分に結合された前記薬理活性剤が、キメラトキシンまたはトキシンコンジュゲートであり、好ましくは、前記薬理活性剤が、ペプチドサイトトキシンまたはタンパク質サイトトキシンであり、かつ前記標的細胞特異的成分が、抗体、増殖因子、サイトカイン、もしくはトランスフェリン、またはそれらの断片、組合せ、もしくは誘導体であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記標的細胞特異的成分に結合された前記薬理活性剤が、単一の組換えタンパク質であることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 前記サポニンが、ステロイドサポニンおよびトリテルペン系サポニンを含む群から選択され、好ましくは、そのアグリコンに位置するアルデヒド官能基と、そのアグリコンにグリコシド結合された2個の糖残基とを有し、より好ましくは、前記サポニンが、23位にアルデヒド官能基を有する12,13-デヒドロオレアナン類に属する基本構造を有するトリテルペン系サポニンを含む群から選択され、たとえば、Gypsophila paniculataに由来するサポニヌムアルブム(Saponinum album)であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、次の機能性ユニット:前記薬理活性剤を細胞内に輸送しうる輸送タンパク質、細胞質内切断可能な結合、エンドソーム内切断可能な結合、の少なくとも1つをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記薬理活性剤が、前記輸送タンパク質、細胞質内切断可能な結合、および/またはエンドソーム内切断可能な結合により、前記標的細胞特異的成分に結合されていることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 前記輸送タンパク質がタンパク質導入ドメイン(PTD)であり、前記細胞質内切断可能な結合がペプチドの一部分であり、かつ前記エンドソーム内切断可能な結合がペプチドの一部分であることを特徴とする、請求項12〜13のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 医薬として使用するための、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 癌性疾患、感染性疾患、炎症性疾患、心臓血管系疾患、神経変性疾患、および/またはアミロイド疾患、ならびに糖尿病を含む群から選択される疾患を有する動物を治療するための医薬を製造するための、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の組成物の使用。
- 前記サポニンが、前記標的細胞特異的成分に結合された前記薬理活性剤とは別個に投与されることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の使用。
- 前記サポニンが、前記標的細胞特異的成分に結合された前記薬理活性剤の投与経路とは異なる経路により投与されることを特徴とする、請求項16〜17のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 前記サポニンが注射により投与され、かつ前記標的細胞特異的成分に結合された前記薬理活性剤が摂取により投与されること、またはその逆であることを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の使用。
- 前記サポニンが、前記標的細胞特異的成分に結合された前記薬理活性剤と同一の経路により投与されることを特徴とする、請求項16〜17のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 前記投与が注射により行われることを特徴とする、請求項20に記載の使用。
- 前記サポニンが、前記標的細胞特異的成分に結合された前記薬理活性剤の前に投与されることを特徴とする、請求項16〜21のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の前記組成物を1つ以上の容器内に含むキット。
- 前記標的細胞特異的成分に結合された前記薬理活性剤と前記サポニンとが、別々の容器内に存在することを特徴とする、請求項23に記載のキット。
- 薬理活性剤の機能および/または標的細胞特異性を増強する方法であって、該薬理活性剤が、サポニンではなく、抗原結合性領域と抗体依存的免疫学的過程を媒介する領域とを含む抗原結合性タンパク質でもなく、該方法が、該薬理活性剤を標的細胞特異的成分に結合させることと、該標的細胞特異的成分に結合された該薬理活性剤を少なくとも1種のサポニンと組み合わせることと、を含む、上記方法。
- 前記薬理活性剤が、機能不全もしくは寄生生物により引き起こされるかまたはそれらを伴う疾患を有する動物において、前記薬理活性剤と該機能不全に直接的もしくは間接的に関与する細胞内標的との相互作用により、標的細胞死を引き起こすか、標的細胞増殖を阻止するか、または標的細胞の機能不全を消失もしくは低減させることにより、細胞の機能不全を排除するかまたは寄生生物を含む細胞を死滅させることができるものであり、該機能不全が、限定されるものではないが、感染(たとえば、HIVのようなウイルス感染または細菌感染)により引き起こされるような機能不全、あるいは癌、心臓血管疾患、炎症、神経変性疾患、および/もしくはアミロイド疾患、または糖尿病を引き起こすかまたはそれらに伴う機能不全を包含することを特徴とする、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記機能が細胞傷害機能または細胞分裂阻害機能であることを特徴とする、請求項25〜26のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が、癌性疾患、感染性疾患、炎症性疾患、心臓血管系疾患、神経変性疾患、および/またはアミロイド疾患、ならびに糖尿病を含む群から選択される疾患であることを特徴とする、請求項26〜27のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記組み合せることを、前記標的細胞特異的成分に結合された前記薬理活性剤と前記サポニンとを一緒に、しかし場合によっては別々の容器内に、パッケージングすることにより行うことを特徴とする、請求項25〜28のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記薬理活性剤、前記標的細胞特異的成分、および前記サポニンが、請求項1〜14のいずれかに規定されるとおりであることを特徴とする、請求項25〜29のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 癌性疾患、感染性疾患、炎症性疾患、心臓血管系疾患、神経変性疾患、および/またはアミロイド疾患、ならびに糖尿病を含む群から選択される疾患を治療するための医薬を製造するための、請求項1〜30のいずれかに規定される薬理活性剤であって請求項1〜30のいずれかに規定される標的細胞特異的成分に結合された薬理活性剤の機能および/または標的細胞特異性を増強するための、請求項1〜30のいずれかに規定されるサポニンの使用。
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JP7541008B2 (ja) | 2018-12-21 | 2024-08-27 | サプリーム テクノロジーズ,ベー.フェー. | サポニンコンジュゲート |
JP2021012090A (ja) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-02-04 | 月島食品工業株式会社 | 飲食品の評価方法 |
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ES2395818T3 (es) | 2013-02-15 |
US20080064762A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
CA2571739A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
WO2006005581A3 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
EP1623715A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
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