JP2008302383A - Mechanism for applying minute vibration in plastic forming - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that in a traditional plastic forming process, the method and the apparatus for applying a minute vibration to a working tool and a workpiece material use an ultrasonic vibrator or a magnetostrictive vibrator as a vibrating source, and use the mechanical vibrating system including the working tool and the workpiece material in a resonant state because the vibrational displacement of the ultrasonic vibrator or the magnetostrictive vibrator is small within the order of several μm, and it is difficult to stably generate the ultrasonic vibration by keeping the resonant state, and to continuously apply the minute vibration during plastic forming, and it is furthermore difficult to change the frequency to be applied according to the conditions and stages of the plastic forming. <P>SOLUTION: In the method and apparatus of plastic forming, the minute vibration having a satisfactorily large amplitude is generated by a cam, and the minute vibration is directly applied to the working tool and the workpiece material. Further, the frequency to be applied can be changed according to the conditions and stages of the plastic forming. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus that performs plastic working while applying a slight vibration to at least one of a processing tool such as a punch or a die and a workpiece.

  When plastic vibration such as bending, drawing, ironing, drawing, extrusion, and rolling is applied, a slight vibration is applied to at least one of a processing tool such as a punch or die or a workpiece. There are excellent effects such as reduction of resistance, enabling high deformation rate processing, reduction of springback and higher accuracy.

  In order to make the above effect more reliable, it is necessary to change the frequency of the minute vibration to be applied to an optimum frequency corresponding to changes in the processing conditions, the processing tool, and the workpiece.

  Furthermore, if the frequency of the minute vibration applied during a series of plastic workings is adapted to the degree of progress of the machining and is changed to an optimum frequency from time to time, the effect described above becomes even greater.

  Conventionally, in order to apply micro vibrations to a processing tool or a workpiece, an ultrasonic vibrator or a magnetostrictive vibrator is used as a vibration source, and a vibration expansion transmission tool, a processing tool, or a workpiece is used as the vibration source. By connecting, a series of mechanical vibration systems from vibration expansion transmission tools to processing tools and workpieces are resonated at the resonance frequency of the excitation source to increase the excitation energy, and fine vibrations are applied to the processing tools and workpieces. The means to do is used.

  However, in the above-mentioned means that uses an ultrasonic vibrator or magnetostrictive vibrator with a small displacement and power in the resonance state, the resonance condition changes as the machining progresses, so the resonance condition continues stably following the resonance condition. Difficult to do. Furthermore, the frequency of micro vibrations is controlled to the optimum frequency according to the processing conditions, work material, and processing shape, and the frequency of micro vibrations is changed according to the progress of processing during a series of plastic processing. It is completely impossible to control to the optimum frequency.

  Further, as a means for generating a slight vibration by driving a fluid pressure mechanism using a cylinder, a crankshaft mechanism, an eccentric cam mechanism, and a link mechanism with an electric motor, “Axial Compression Machine and Rolling” disclosed in Patent Document 1 is disclosed. The machine is known.

  However, the fluid pressure mechanism using the cylinder disclosed in Patent Document 1 generates fine vibration while switching the flow path of the working fluid with a control valve, and the frequency of the fine vibration that can be generated is as low as several hundred Hz at most. The effect of promoting plastic deformation is small by applying a high-frequency fine vibration. In addition, since the crankshaft mechanism, the eccentric cam mechanism, and the fine vibration generating mechanism by the link mechanism are not balanced in rotation, it is not possible to drive these vibration mechanisms at high speed. It is difficult to generate

  In addition, an eccentric ring cam having an axial groove having a plurality of smooth envelopes is fitted to an excitation shaft having an eccentric portion, and an excitation rod and a vibration table are connected to the eccentric ring cam via a driven roller as a spring. As a means for generating a vibration in which a high-frequency vibration is superimposed on a low-frequency vibration on the vibration rod and vibration table by rotating the vibration shaft by abutting by force, “superimposed vibration” disclosed in Patent Document 2 is disclosed. "Apparatus" is known.

  However, in the apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2, the driven roller, the vibration rod, and the vibration table are not constrained by the eccentric ring cam. Therefore, when the vibration shaft rotates at a high speed, the driven roller, the vibration rod, The vibration table cannot follow and vibrate. Further, since the excitation shaft is not balanced in rotation, high-speed rotation is impossible, and as a result, it is difficult to generate high-frequency fine vibrations.

  Further, means for guiding the fluid pressure of a pressurizing cylinder that slidably includes a piston that reciprocates following a cam having a plurality of peaks to the excitation cylinder, and for exciting the work roll with the piston of the excitation cylinder As such, a “rolling mill” disclosed in Patent Document 3 is known.

  However, in the device disclosed in Patent Document 3, the cam having the plurality of peaks and the piston of the pressurizing cylinder that should follow the cam are not restrained, and the piston of the pressurizing cylinder follows the high speed. There are limits. Further, there is no mechanically connected drive source for reciprocating the piston of the exciting cylinder at high speed, that is, for exciting the piston. Therefore, high frequency micro vibrations cannot be generated.

JP-A-8-9010 JP 3-32785 JP-A-13-333503

  The above-mentioned prior art cannot generate micro-vibration with a high frequency sufficient to promote plastic deformation, cannot continue stably even if temporarily generated, is not micro-vibration with strong power, and has micro-vibration with a necessary frequency. Have problems such as not being able to occur arbitrarily. The present invention solves these problems and reliably generates and applies strong micro-vibration at an optimum frequency corresponding to the processing conditions, workpiece, and processing shape, and during a series of plastic processing, Provided is a plastic working fine vibration applying mechanism capable of reliably and stably generating and applying a fine vibration of an optimal frequency according to the degree of working progress, and a plastic working apparatus provided with the plastic working fine vibration mechanism. For the purpose.

The first means employed by the inventor to solve the above problems is as follows:
A cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism for applying a fine vibration to at least one of a workpiece and a processing tool that performs plastic working while being pressed against the workpiece,
A rotating body having a cam portion having a cam surface for generating fine vibrations formed in the circumferential direction;
A rotation drive unit that rotates the rotating body;
A micro-vibration transmitter having a cam follower unit that is restrained by the cam unit and performs micro-vibration by following the cam surface;
A cam type fine vibration application mechanism for plastic working, wherein the fine vibration transmission tool is connected to at least one of a processing tool and a workpiece.

  The second means employed by the present inventor to solve the above problems is that the cam surface of the cam portion of the first means forms a contour curve with a cam curve that takes two cycles or more in one rotation of the rotating body. This is a cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working.

  The third means employed by the present inventor to solve the above-mentioned problem is that the cam surface of the cam portion of the second means is formed by a contour curve with a non-stationary cam curve. Cam type fine vibration applying mechanism.

  The fourth means employed by the present inventor to solve the above problems is that the cam portion of any one of the first means to the third means is rib-shaped, and the cam portions are paired with each other. A cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working, wherein a preload is applied between the cam follower portions.

  The fifth means employed by the present inventor to solve the above problems is that the cam portion of any one of the first means to the third means has a groove shape, and the cam follower includes the cam follower. This is a cam type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working, characterized in that the portion is fitted without a gap.

  The sixth means employed by the present inventor to solve the above problems is characterized in that the cam portion of any one of the first to fifth means has a lift of 200 μm or less. This is a machining cam type fine vibration applying mechanism.

  The seventh means employed by the present inventor to solve the above-mentioned problem is characterized in that the frequency of the minute vibration generated by any one of the first to sixth means is 1 kHz or more. This is a cam type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working.

  The eighth means employed by the present inventor in order to solve the above problems is a plastic working apparatus provided with a cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working as any one of the first to seventh means. .

  As described above, if the cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working according to the present invention is used, the fine vibration transmission tool is constrained by the cam portion. If the contour curve cycle number is K cycles, the lift is H μm, and the rotational speed of the rotating body is N rpm, the amplitude is H μm and the frequency f can be generated and applied with a slight vibration of K · N / 60 Hz.

  By changing the rotation speed of the rotating body, it is possible to stably apply a fine vibration having an optimum frequency to the processing tool or the work material in accordance with the processing tool, the work material, the processing conditions, and the progress of the processing.

  In addition, since the cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working according to the present invention is a method for generating mechanical fine vibration using a cam, it can overcome a large load acting on a work tool or a workpiece during plastic working.

  Further, the cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working according to the present invention is a simple mechanism and thus has a wide range of application.

  As a result, the present invention can widely and stably apply a technique for applying micro vibrations to a processing tool or a workpiece during plastic processing. In addition, the effects of applying micro vibrations are maximized, and lower deformation resistance, higher machining accuracy, and higher deformation rate can be realized as compared with the prior art.

  Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in more detail based on preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

[Example 1]
FIG. 1 illustrates a main part of a drawing apparatus (Example 1), which is an example to which the configuration of the cam type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working of the present invention is applied.

  In the drawing, what is indicated by reference numeral 1 is the rotating body. In the figure, what is indicated by reference numeral 11 is a cam portion formed on the rotating body 1. In this embodiment, the cam portion 11 has a rib shape, and the cam surface of the cam portion 11 has a 15 μm lift, a single-curved cam curve, an allocation angle of 0.5 ° ascending stroke, and a downward stroke of 0.5. The contour curve is formed with a contour curve with a degree of allocation angle, and the number of cycles of the contour curve during one round is 360 cycles. The rotating body 1 is rotationally driven by an electric motor D which is the rotational driving unit. The rotation speed of the electric motor D is controlled by a rotation speed controller SPC. The rotating body 1 can be rotated at a high speed even if the cam portion 11 is used alone or entirely as a whole.

  In the drawing, what is indicated by reference numeral 2 is the fine vibration transmission tool. A pair of the cam follower portions 21 is attached to one end of the fine vibration transmission tool 2. The pair of cam follower portions 21 pre-load the rib-shaped cam portions 11 and sandwich them without gaps. In the method of applying pressure, one of the pair of cam follower portions 21 is fixed to the fine vibration transmitting tool 2, and the other is movably disposed at a position sandwiching the rib-shaped cam portion 11, and the shaft of the cam follower portion is fixed. This is a method in which a portion (not shown) is pressed against the cam surface with a set bolt (not shown) and fixed to the fine vibration transmission tool 2 with a fixing bolt (not shown) in a state where a preload is applied. When the rotating body 1 on which the cam portion 11 is formed makes one rotation, the fine vibration transmission tool 2 is guided to the guide tool 22 via the pair of cam follower portions 21 and reciprocates 360 times with an amplitude of 15 μm. . When the rotating body 1 is rotationally driven by the electric motor D at a speed of 3000 rpm, for example, according to a rotational speed command of 3000 rpm from the rotational speed controller SPC, the fine vibration transmission tool 2 Since the contour curve cycle number K = 360 cycles, the lift H = 15 μm, and the rotational speed N = 3000 rpm of the rotating body 1 while the cam surface makes one round, the amplitude is 15 μm and the frequency f is K · N / 60. It is possible to reliably generate and apply a fine vibration of 18 kHz calculated by

  Next, what is indicated by reference numeral 3 in the drawing is a drawing die, which is the processing tool, and is fixed to the center of the fine vibration transmitting tool 2 with the drawing direction aligned with the fine vibration direction. A wire material, which is a workpiece M, is inserted into the drawing die 3, and the wire material, which is the workpiece M, is gripped and drawn by a wire gripper C. Further, the drawing die 3 can be fixed at an arbitrary angle with respect to the direction of fine vibration to be applied. Further, a fine vibration can be applied to the workpiece M before drawing by the plastic working cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism of the present invention.

  The rotary body 1 is a plate-like rotary body in this embodiment, but may be a cylindrical rotary body. Further, the cam portion 11 has a groove shape, and one cam follower portion 21 can be fitted into the cam portion without any gap and restrained.

  The cam surface of the cam portion 11 has a non-stationary curve such as a single-string curve, a non-stationary deformation trapezoid curve, a non-stationary deformation constant velocity curve, etc. It can be formed by a contour curve by any one of the cam curves. When the mass of the micro-vibration transmission tool 2 or the drawing die 3 is large and the energy required for vibration is large, the cam surface of the cam portion 11 is contoured by a single-string curve that is a non-stationary curve with the smallest acceleration. Form with a curve. In addition, when the mass of the micro-vibration transmission tool 2 or the drawing die 3 is small and the energy required for vibration is small, the cam portion is used to increase the micro-vibration force applied to the drawing die 3. The eleven cam surfaces are formed by contour curves formed by cam curves having a large acceleration, such as both stationary symmetrical curves, both stationary asymmetric curves, and single stationary curves.

  The amplitude of the fine vibration to be applied needs to be an optimum amplitude corresponding to the processing tool, the workpiece, and the processing conditions. When the amplitude of the minute vibration is changed to 200 μm, it is realized by exchanging it with the rotating body 1 on which the cam portion 11 having the lift H of 200 μm is formed. Further, the frequency f of the fine vibration to be applied needs to be an optimum frequency corresponding to the processing tool, the workpiece, the processing conditions, and the progress of processing. When the frequency f of the fine vibration is 1 kHz, the contour curve cycle number K = 360 cycles while the cam surface of the cam portion 11 goes around makes the rotational speed N of the rotating body 1 60.f / It is set to 167 rpm calculated by K.

  With the above-described series of configurations, the fine vibration of the frequency optimally set according to the processing conditions such as the type of the workpiece M, the drawing speed, and the drawing angle of the drawing die 3 during the drawing process. Can be applied to the drawing die 3. Depending on the application specifications required for the finished product after drawing, if a slightly different surface roughness, finish dimensional accuracy, and hardness are required in the length direction, the frequency of micro vibrations should be set during a series of drawing operations. The specification can be realized by moving up and down.

[Example 2]
FIG. 2 illustrates a main part of a bending apparatus (Example 2) which is an example to which the configuration of the cam type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working of the present invention is applied.

  The bending apparatus according to the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the electric motor D, the rotating body 1 in which the cam portion 11 is formed in the circumferential direction, the fine vibration transmission tool 2, and a pair of the cam followers. Two sets of fine vibration generation and transmission mechanisms composed of the portion 21, the guide tool 22, and the bending punch 4 and the bending die 5 which are processing tools are held up and down, and bent by the upper fine vibration generation and transmission mechanism. A slight vibration is applied to the processing punch 4 and a slight vibration is applied to the bending die 5 by the lower fine vibration generation and transmission mechanism. Further, the fine vibration generation and transmission mechanism on the punch side is integrated with the punch 4 and is raised and lowered by the punch raising and lowering mechanism U. The fine vibration conditions of the fine vibration generation and transmission mechanism on the punch side and the die side may be different. Further, at least one of the punch side and the die side may be used.

  With the above-described series of configurations, during bending, the type of the workpiece M, the bending speed, and the processing conditions such as the bending angle of the bending punch 4 and the bending die 5 are optimal. Can be applied to the bending punch 4 and the bending die 5. During a series of bending operations, as the bending angle increases, increasing the frequency of micro-vibration reduces the cracks caused by work hardening, enabling processing to a larger bending angle and reducing springback. This has the effect of improving the machining accuracy.

Example 3
FIG. 3 shows the main part of a deep drawing apparatus (Embodiment 3) which is an embodiment to which the structure of the cam type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working of the present invention is applied.

  The deep drawing apparatus according to the third embodiment is different from the second embodiment described above in that a fine vibration is applied to the deep drawing punch 6 by the upper fine vibration generating transmission mechanism and a lower fine vibration generating transmission mechanism is used. This is a point where a fine vibration is applied to the deep drawing die 7. In the drawing, what is indicated by reference numeral 8 is a wrinkle suppressor. The fine vibration conditions of the fine vibration generation and transmission mechanism on the deep drawing punch 6 side and the deep drawing die 7 side may be different. Further, it may be at least one of the deep drawing punch 6 side and the deep drawing die 7 side.

  With the above-described series of configurations, during the deep drawing, the processing conditions such as the type of workpiece M, the deep drawing speed, and the drawing shape of the deep drawing punch 6 and the deep drawing die 7 are supported. Thus, the fine vibration of the optimally set frequency can be applied to the deep drawing punch 6 and the deep drawing die 7. During a series of deep drawing processes, there is an effect that, as the degree of drawing increases, increasing the frequency of fine vibration reduces cracks due to work hardening and enables deeper drawing.

Example 4
FIG. 4 illustrates a main part of an ironing apparatus (Embodiment 4), which is an embodiment to which the configuration of the cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working of the present invention is applied.

  The ironing apparatus of the fourth embodiment is different from the above-described third embodiment in that a fine vibration is applied to the ironing punch 9 by the upper fine vibration generation and transmission mechanism, and an ironing process is performed by the lower fine vibration generation and transmission mechanism. This is a point where a slight vibration is applied to the working die 10. The fine vibration conditions of the fine vibration generation and transmission mechanism on the ironing punch 9 side and the ironing die 10 side may be different. Further, it may be at least one of the ironing punch 9 side and the ironing die 10 side.

  With the above-described series of configurations, optimally set during the ironing process according to the processing conditions such as the type of the workpiece M, the ironing speed, and the shapes of the ironing punch 9 and the ironing die 10. The fine vibration having the frequency can be applied to the ironing punch 9 and the ironing die 10. Depending on the application specifications required for the finished product after ironing, if the surface roughness, finishing dimensional accuracy, and hardness that are partially different in the length direction are required, the frequency of micro vibrations should be set during a series of ironing operations. The specification can be realized by moving up and down.

Example 5
FIG. 5 illustrates a main part of a rolling processing apparatus (Example 5) which is an example to which the configuration of the cam type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working of the present invention is applied.

  The fifth embodiment is different from the above-described fourth embodiment in that a fine vibration is applied to the upper rolling roll 20 by the upper fine vibration generation and transmission mechanism, and a lower rolling roll by the lower fine vibration generation and transmission mechanism. 30 is a point at which a slight vibration is applied. The fine vibration conditions of the fine vibration generation and transmission mechanism on the upper rolling roll 20 side and the lower rolling roll 30 side may be different. Further, it may be at least one of the upper rolling roll 20 side and the lower rolling roll 30 side. Further, a fine vibration can be applied to the workpiece M before rolling by the plastic working cam type fine vibration applying mechanism of the present invention.

  With the above series of configurations, during the rolling process, it was optimally set according to the processing conditions such as the type of the workpiece M, the rolling speed, and the shapes of the upper rolling roll 20 and the lower rolling roll 30. A slight vibration of a frequency can be applied to the upper rolling roll 20 and the lower rolling roll 30. Depending on the application specifications required for the finished product after rolling, if a slightly different surface roughness, finishing dimensional accuracy, and hardness are required in the length direction, the frequency of micro vibrations should be set during a series of rolling operations. The specification can be realized by moving up and down.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram expressing the configuration of a drawing apparatus according to a first embodiment configured by applying the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram representing the configuration of the bending apparatus according to the second embodiment configured by applying the present invention. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram expressing the configuration of the deep drawing apparatus of the third embodiment configured by applying the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram expressing the configuration of the ironing apparatus of Example 4 configured by applying the present invention. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram expressing the configuration of the rolling processing apparatus of Example 5 configured by applying the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotating body 11 Cam part 2 Micro vibration transmission tool 21 Cam follower part 22 Guide tool 3 Drawing die 4 Bending punch 5 Bending die 6 Deep drawing punch 7 Deep drawing die 8 Wrinkle control tool 9 Ironing Punch for processing 10 Die for ironing 20 Upper rolling roll 30 Lower rolling roll D Electric motor SPC Rotational speed controller M Work material C Wire material gripper U Punch raising / lowering mechanism

Claims (8)

A cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism for applying a fine vibration to at least one of a workpiece and a processing tool that performs plastic working while being pressed against the workpiece,
A rotating body in which a cam portion having a cam surface for generating micro vibrations is formed in the circumferential direction;
A rotation drive unit that rotates the rotating body;
A micro-vibration transmitter having a cam follower unit that is restrained by the cam unit and performs micro-vibration by following the cam surface;
A cam type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working, wherein the fine vibration transmitting tool is connected to at least one of a processing tool and a workpiece.   2. The cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working according to claim 1, wherein the cam surface of the cam portion is formed with a contour curve by a cam curve of two or more cycles in one rotation of the rotating body.   The cam type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working according to claim 2, wherein the cam surface of the cam portion is formed with a contour curve by a non-stationary cam curve.   The cam type micro-vibration for plastic working according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cam part has a rib shape, and the cam part is sandwiched by applying a preload between the pair of cam follower parts. Application mechanism.   The cam type micro-vibration applying mechanism for plastic working according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cam portion has a groove shape, and the cam follower portion is fitted into the cam portion without a gap.   The cam type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cam portion has a lift of 200 µm or less.   The cam type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the frequency of the generated fine vibration is 1 kHz or more. A plastic working device comprising the cam-type fine vibration applying mechanism for plastic working according to any one of claims 1 to 7.