JP2008279318A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crusher which can prevent a crushed object from being pushed back toward the counter-hammer side by a hammer or inhibit such an action and thereby shows the upgrading of the crushing disposal capability. <P>SOLUTION: This crusher features that a free hammer 50 is formed so as not to allow the revolving trajectory around a spindle 40 does not protrude radially outside of a gyrating trajectory around the pivot point 26. Consequently, even in case the free hammer 50 gyrating around the pivot point 26 revolves around the spindle 26 by hitting the crushed object, a part of the free hammer 50 does not protrude radially outside of the gyrating trajectory of the free hammer 50. Thus the pushing back of the crushed object to the counter-hammer side can be prevented or inhibited by the free hammer 50. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus for crushing an object to be crushed such as wood.

  DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART Conventionally, the crushing apparatus (chipper) provided with the crushing mechanism which crushes the pruned branch etc. of a tree is known (for example, refer patent document 1). Such a chipper crushing mechanism includes a rotating shaft, a support shaft that is connected to the rotating shaft and pivots around the rotating shaft, and a plurality of cuttings that are rotatably supported by the supporting shaft and rotate around the rotating shaft together with the support shaft. It has a blade (hammer).

In such a chipper, when the object to be crushed is supplied within the turning trajectory of the hammer, the hammer hits the end of the object to be crushed, and the end of the object to be crushed is crushed and crushed. Further, when the hammer hits the object to be crushed, the hammer is slightly rotated (retracted) around the spindle and escapes, so that the load on the crushing mechanism is reduced.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-180207

  However, in the chipper having the above configuration, when the hammer hits the object to be crushed and rotates backward around the support shaft, a part of the hammer slightly protrudes radially outward of the turning trajectory of the hammer. For this reason, the object to be crushed is pushed back to the opposite side (supply side) of the hammer by the protrusion operation of the hammer, and the crushing processing capacity may be reduced.

  In view of the above facts, an object of the present invention is to obtain a crushing apparatus that can prevent or suppress the object to be crushed back to the anti-hammer side by a hammer and improve crushing ability.

  The crushing apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention includes: a rotary shaft that is rotationally driven; a support shaft that is coupled to the rotary shaft and rotates around the rotary shaft when the rotary shaft rotates; and the support shaft The crushed object is crushed by turning around the rotating shaft together with the support shaft and hitting the object to be crushed, and the rotation locus around the support shaft is the diameter of the turning locus around the rotation shaft. And a hammer formed so as not to protrude outward in the direction.

  In the crushing device according to the first aspect, the hammer is formed such that the rotation locus around the support shaft does not protrude outward in the radial direction of the turning locus around the rotation shaft. For this reason, even if the hammer turning around the rotation shaft hits the object to be crushed and rotates backward around the support shaft, a part of the hammer does not protrude radially outward of the turning trajectory of the hammer. Therefore, it is possible to prevent or suppress the object to be crushed from being pushed back to the anti-hammer side by the hammer, and the crushing processing ability is improved.

  A crushing apparatus according to a second aspect of the invention is characterized in that, in the crushing apparatus according to the first aspect, the hammer has a blade at an end portion in a direction opposite to the support shaft via a center of gravity.

  In the crushing apparatus according to the second aspect, when the hammer turns around the rotation axis, the center of gravity of the hammer is arranged in the direction opposite to the rotation axis via the support shaft by centrifugal force. For this reason, the hammer blade provided in the direction opposite to the support shaft via the center of gravity of the hammer is disposed in the direction opposite to the rotation shaft via the support shaft, and turns around the outer periphery of the turning trajectory of the hammer. Accordingly, when the object to be crushed is supplied into the turning trajectory of the hammer, the object to be crushed is crushed (cut) by the blade of the hammer. Moreover, since the hammer blade hits the object to be crushed with the hammer blade (working point), the center of gravity (power point) of the hammer, and the support shaft (fulcrum) aligned in a straight line, the crushing force can be improved. .

  A crushing device according to a third aspect of the present invention is the crushing device according to the second aspect, wherein the hammer is provided with a plurality of blades and a plurality of support portions capable of supporting the spindle, Each of the plurality of blades is provided in a direction opposite to each of the plurality of support portions via the center of gravity of the hammer.

  In the crushing device according to claim 3, when one of the plurality of support portions provided on the hammer is supported by the support shaft, one of the plurality of blades provided on the hammer has a center of gravity of the hammer. It arrange | positions in a direction opposite to a spindle. For this reason, the object to be crushed can be cut by the blade disposed in the direction opposite to the support shaft via the center of gravity of the hammer. Thus, since the hammer is provided with a plurality of blades, the life of the hammer can be extended by using the support portion of the hammer by replacing it with a support shaft.

  As described above, in the crushing apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, the object to be crushed can be prevented or suppressed from being pushed back to the anti-hammer side by the hammer, and the crushing processing capacity is improved.

  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a stationary chipper 10 as a crushing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of FIG. For convenience of explanation, in these drawings, the upward direction of the apparatus is indicated by an arrow UP, and the forward direction of the apparatus is indicated by an arrow FR.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the chipper 10 includes a hollow body 12, and a crushing chamber 14 formed in a drum shape is provided inside the body 12. A supply port 28 is formed on the rear side of the crushing chamber 14, and a supply rod 30 protruding to the rear side of the device is connected to the supply port 28. The supply basket 30 is attached so as to face obliquely upward with respect to the crushing chamber 14, and an object to be crushed M such as pruned twigs fed into the supply basket 30 from the opening 30 </ b> A of the supply basket 30 is supplied to the supply basket 30. It slides on the bottom surface of 30 and flows down to the supply port 28 side.

  A supply roller 24 is provided in the vicinity of the supply port 28 inside the supply rod 30. The supply roller 24 is pivotally supported by a bearing plate (not shown) that is attached to the machine body 12 so as to be movable up and down, and the driving force of the motor 22 that is transmitted via a driving force transmission mechanism (not shown) is shown in FIGS. Rotate in the direction of arrow A.

  The object to be crushed M supplied to the inside of the supply rod 30 is inserted between the supply roller 24 and the bottom surface of the supply rod 30 and is fed into the crushing chamber 14 by the supply roller 24 rotating as described above. It has become.

  Inside the crushing chamber 14, a cutting mechanism 32 constituting the main part of the chipper 10 is provided. The cutting mechanism 32 includes a rotating shaft 26 arranged with the width direction of the machine body 12 (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 1) as the axial direction. The rotary shaft 26 is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown) attached to the side wall of the airframe 12 and is driven in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1 by the driving force of the motor 22 transmitted via the driving force transmission mechanism described above. Rotate.

  A plurality of (three in the present embodiment) support plates 34 are attached to the rotary shaft 26 side by side in the axial direction (for convenience of explanation, one of the three support plates 34 in FIG. 1). Only one is shown). Each of the three support plates 34 is formed in a rectangular plate shape (square in the present embodiment) whose corners are chamfered in an arc shape, and the rotation shaft 26 is formed in the through hole formed in each central portion. It is fixed in parallel to the rotating shaft 26 while penetrating in the plate thickness direction. For this reason, each support plate 34 rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 26.

  A plurality (four in this embodiment) of support shafts 40 are attached to the outer peripheral portion of each support plate 34. These support shafts 40 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the rotation shaft 26 and in parallel with the rotation shaft 26, and each support plate 34 is penetrated near the corner of each support plate 34. It is fixed to. For this reason, each support shaft 40 is connected to the rotation shaft 26 via each support plate 34, and turns around the rotation shaft 26 when the rotation shaft 26 rotates.

  A plurality of free hammers 50 as hammers are attached to each spindle 40. These free hammers 50 are formed in a substantially rectangular flat plate shape, and are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of each support shaft 40 (for convenience of explanation, for each support shaft 40 in FIG. Only one free hammer 50 is shown).

  As shown in FIG. 3, the free hammer 50 is formed such that one side in the width direction and the other side in the width direction are symmetric (laterally symmetric), and a support portion is provided on one end side (base end side) in the longitudinal direction. A pair of circular through holes 50A and 50B is formed. These through holes 50A and 50B are arranged side by side in the width direction of the free hammer 50, and the support shaft 40 passes through one through hole 50A. Thereby, each free hammer 50 is rotatably supported by the support shaft 40. For this reason, when each support shaft 40 rotates around the rotation shaft 26, each free hammer 50 turns around the rotation shaft 26 together with each support shaft 40.

  A pair of blades 50 </ b> C and 50 </ b> D is formed on the other longitudinal end side (tip side) of each free hammer 50. These blades 50 </ b> C and 50 </ b> D are formed by providing a pair of cut portions 50 </ b> E and a pair of chamfered portions 50 </ b> F on the tip side of each free hammer 50, and are arranged in the width direction of each free hammer 50. Is arranged in.

  One blade 50C protrudes to one side in the width direction of the free hammer 50, and is disposed in the opposite direction to the one through hole 50A via the center of gravity C of the free hammer 50. The blade edge of one blade 50C is arranged on an imaginary straight line S (center of gravity line) passing through the center of the through hole 50A and the center of gravity C of the free hammer 50, and penetrates more than other parts of the free hammer 50. It is arranged at a position away from the center of the hole 50A. For this reason, when the free hammer 50 rotates around the center of the through hole 50A (around the support shaft 40), the cutting edge of one blade 50C rotates on the outer periphery D (see FIG. 3) of the rotation locus of the free hammer 50. (Hereinafter, the outer periphery D of the rotation locus is referred to as a cutting edge circle D).

  The other blade 50D protrudes to the other side in the width direction of the free hammer 50, and is disposed in the opposite direction to the other through hole 50B via the center of gravity C of the free hammer 50. The cutting edge of the other blade 50D is arranged on an imaginary straight line (not shown) passing through the center of the through hole 50B and the center of gravity C of the free hammer 50, and more than the other part of the free hammer 50. It is arranged at a position away from the center of 50B. For this reason, when the free hammer 50 rotates around the center of the through hole 50 </ b> B, the cutting edge of the other blade 50 </ b> D rotates on the outer periphery of the rotation locus of the free hammer 50.

  The free hammer 50 configured as described above is rotatably supported on the rotary shaft 26 as described above. For this reason, when the rotating shaft 26 is stopped, the center of gravity C is disposed below the support shaft 40 (through hole 50A). In this state, one blade 50C provided in the opposite direction to the through hole 50A via the center of gravity C is disposed below the center of gravity C, and all the free hammers 50 have one blade 50C facing downward. It becomes a suspended state (the same state as the lowest free hammer 50 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3).

  On the other hand, when the rotary shaft 26 rotates and the free hammer 50 turns around the rotary shaft 26 together with the support shaft 40, the free hammer 50 is rotated around the support shaft 40 by the centrifugal force acting on the center of gravity C. One blade 50C is disposed in the opposite direction to the rotation shaft 26 via the support shaft 40 (shown in FIGS. 1 to 3). In this state, the cutting edge of the blade 50C, the center of gravity C, the axis of the support shaft 40, and the center of the rotation shaft 26 are aligned in a straight line (centrifugal direction of the rotation shaft 26), and around the support shaft 40 of the free hammer 50 Are arranged within the range of the outer periphery E of the turning trajectory of the free hammer 50. Then, the free hammer 50 places the cutting edge of the blade 50C on the outer periphery E of the turning locus and turns around the rotation shaft 26 (hereinafter, the outer periphery E of the turning locus is referred to as a cutting edge circle E).

  Therefore, as described above, when the object to be crushed M is fed into the crushing chamber 14 by the supply roller 24, the free hammer 50 is swung down from the cutting edge of the blade 50C to the end of the object to be crushed M. Thereby, the edge part of the to-be-crushed object M is crushed and crushed between the fixed blades 52 fixed to the edge part of the supply rod 30, and is divided | segmented into a fine crushed piece.

  On the other hand, a discharge port 56 is formed in the front side of the crushing chamber 14, and a crushing net 58 is attached to the discharge port 56. The crushing net 58 is a plate material curved in an arc shape, and forms a part of the inner wall of the crushing chamber 14. The crushing net 58 is formed with a plurality of discharge holes 60 for discharging the crushed pieces of the object M to be crushed from the crushing chamber 14, and the crushed pieces discharged through the discharge holes 60 are stored in the crushing chamber 14. It is configured to be discharged to the outside of the apparatus through a discharge rod 62 connected to the front side of the apparatus.

  Next, the operation and effect of this embodiment will be described.

  In the chipper 10 having the above-described configuration, when the motor 22 is driven, the driving force of the motor 22 is transmitted to the supply roller 24 and the rotation shaft 26 via a driving force transmission mechanism (not shown), and the supply roller 24 and the rotation shaft 26 are Each is rotated in the direction of the arrow in FIG.

  In this state, when an object to be crushed M such as pruned twigs is input from the supply port 30A of the supply rod 30, the input object to be crushed slides on the bottom surface of the supply rod 30, and the bottom surface, the supply roller 24, And are fed into the crushing chamber 14 by the supply roller 24.

  In the crushing chamber 14, a plurality of free hammers 50 are swiveling around the rotation shaft 26, and the cutting edge of one blade 50 </ b> C of each free hammer 50 is swung around the outer periphery E of the swiveling locus of the free hammer 50. For this reason, when the object to be crushed M is fed into the crushing chamber 14, the free hammer 50 is swung down from the cutting edge of the one blade 50C to the end of the object to be crushed M. Thereby, the edge part of the to-be-crushed object M is crushed and crushed between the fixed blades 52 fixed to the edge part of the supply rod 30, and is divided | segmented into a fine crushed piece.

  Here, in this embodiment, the blade tip of the blade 50C of the free hammer 50 is disposed at a position farther from the center of the through hole 50A than the other portions of the free hammer 50. Moreover, the cutting edge of the blade 50C is disposed in the direction opposite to the center of the through hole 50A (the axis of the support shaft 40) via the center of gravity C (arranged on a straight line S passing through the center of gravity C and the center of the through hole 50A). Have been). For this reason, when the free hammer 50 is turning around the rotation shaft 26, the blade 50C is disposed in the opposite direction to the rotation shaft 26 via the support shaft 40, and the cutting edge of the blade 50C, the axis of the support shaft 40, and The center of the rotating shaft 26 is aligned on a straight line. For this reason, even if the free hammer 50 that is turning hits the object to be crushed M and rotates backward around the support shaft 40 (see arrow J in FIG. 3), a part of the free hammer 50 is the turning locus of the free hammer 50. It does not protrude radially outward (radially outward of the cutting edge circle E). Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to prevent the object to be crushed M from being pushed back to the anti-free hammer 50 side (supply port 30A side) by the free hammer 50.

  That is, in the case of the conventional free hammer 100 shown in FIG. 4, the cutting edge of the blade 102 is not disposed in the opposite direction to the center of the through hole 104 via the center of gravity G. They are arranged so as to be shifted in the turning direction of the free hammer 100 from the straight line T passing through (the axis of the support shaft 40). For this reason, when the free hammer 100 turning around the rotation shaft 26 hits the object to be crushed and rotates backward around the support shaft 40 (see arrow K in FIG. 4), a part of the free hammer 100 is free hammer 100. Projecting outward in the radial direction of the turning trajectory (outward in the radial direction of the cutting edge circle H) (see cutting edge circle I). For this reason, in the conventional free hammer 100, the object to be crushed M may be pushed back to the anti-free hammer 100 side (supply port 30A side), but in this embodiment, the object M to be crushed is pushed back. Can be prevented. Therefore, the supply capability of the material to be crushed M to the crushing chamber 14 (crushing mechanism 32) is improved, and as a result, the crushing processing capability is improved.

  Further, in the present embodiment, as described above, even if the turning free hammer 50 hits the object to be crushed M and rotates backward around the support shaft 40, a part of the free hammer 50 is radially outside the cutting edge circle E. It does not protrude into. Therefore, since the distance between the cutting edge circle E and the fixed blade 52 can be shortened, the sharpness of the free hammer 50 and the fixed blade 52 can be improved, and the crushing force can be improved.

  Moreover, in the present embodiment, the blade tip of the blade 50C of the free hammer 50 is disposed in the opposite direction to the center of the through hole 50A (the axis of the support shaft 40) via the center of gravity C as described above. For this reason, the blade 50C is in a state where the cutting edge (working point) of the blade 50C of the free hammer 50, the center of gravity C (power point) of the free hammer 50, and the axis (fulcrum) of the support shaft 40 are arranged in a straight line. Since it hits the object to be crushed M, the crushing force can be improved also by this.

  That is, in the case of the conventional free hammer 100, the component force (Fcosθ) facing the turning direction of the free hammer 100 out of the rotational force F of the center of gravity G is used for crushing the object M to be crushed (note that θ is , An angle formed by a straight line T and a line segment passing through the center of the rotation shaft 26 and the blade tip of the blade 102).

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, since the rotational force F of the center of gravity C faces the turning direction of the free hammer 50, all of the rotational force F can be used for crushing the object M to be crushed. Can be improved.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, the free hammers 50 are formed symmetrically, and in a state where the support shaft 40 is passed through one through hole 50A, one blade 50C is connected to the support shaft 40 via the center of gravity C. Arranged in the opposite direction to the axis. For this reason, the material M to be crushed can be crushed by the one blade 50C. Further, in a state where the support shaft 40 is passed through the other through hole 50B, the other blade 50D is arranged in the direction opposite to the axis of the support shaft 40 via the center of gravity C. For this reason, the material M to be crushed can be crushed by the other blade 50D. Therefore, when one blade 50C cannot be cut, the other blade 50D can be used by replacing the support shaft 40 from one through hole 50A to the other through hole 50B. For this reason, the lifetime of the free hammer 50 can be doubled.

  In the above embodiment, the free hammer 50 is configured to include a pair of blades 50C and 50D. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the number of blades can be changed as appropriate (even if only one blade is used). Good).

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the free hammer 50 was set as the structure provided with a pair of through-hole 50A, 50B (both support part), this invention is not limited to this, The number of support parts can be changed suitably. (There may be only one support part).

  Furthermore, in the said embodiment, although the blade edge | tip of one blade 50C of the free hammer 50 was set as the structure arrange | positioned on the virtual straight line S which passes along the center of the through-hole 50A, and the gravity center C of the free hammer 50, this invention However, the one blade 50C may be disposed in the opposite direction to the one through-hole 50A via the center of gravity C of the free hammer 50, and the cutting edge of the one blade 50C is slightly shifted from the straight line S. It may be arranged. Even in this case, it is possible to suppress the object M to be pushed back by the free hammer 50. This also applies to the other blade 50D.

  Although the chipper 10 according to the above embodiment is a stationary type, it may be a carrier type by attaching casters or wheels to the bottom surface of the airframe 12, or may be a self-propelled type by mounting an engine.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the chipper which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing to which a part of FIG. 1 was expanded. It is a top view which shows the structure of the free hammer which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the conventional free hammer.

Explanation of symbols

10 Chipper
26 Rotating shaft 40 Support shaft 50 Free hammer (hammer)
50A, 50B Through hole (supporting part)
50C, 50D Blade C Center of gravity D Rotation locus around the spindle E Rotation locus around the rotation axis

Claims (3)

A rotating shaft that is driven to rotate;
A support shaft coupled to the rotating shaft and pivoting around the rotating shaft when the rotating shaft rotates;
The support shaft is rotatably supported, swivels around the rotation shaft together with the support shaft and hits the material to be crushed, and the rotation trajectory around the support shaft turns around the rotation shaft. A hammer formed so as not to protrude radially outward of the trajectory;
Crushing device having.   The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hammer has a blade at an end portion in a direction opposite to the support shaft via a center of gravity.   The hammer is provided with a plurality of blades and a plurality of support portions capable of supporting the support shaft, and each of the plurality of blades is connected to each of the plurality of support portions via the center of gravity of the hammer. The crushing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the crushing apparatus is provided in an opposite direction.

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