JP2001259455A - Waste crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste crusher which can perform good crushing irrespective of the material and size of waste. SOLUTION: In the waste crusher which has a rotary drum 2 in a stationary drum 1 for passing the waste and shears the waste when rotary cutters 3 attached on the outer periphery of the rotary drum 2 lap and pass by fixed blades 4 attached on the inner periphery of the stationary barrel 1 in the axial direction, the rotary cutters 3 of the prescribed number are disposed at intervals of the equal angle in the peripheral direction and the fixed blades 4 of the number relatively prime or the number with the small greatest common measure to the number of the rotary cutters 3 are disposed at intervals of the equal angle in the peripheral direction.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste crusher for crushing waste, and more particularly to a waste crusher capable of crushing waste irrespective of the material and size of the waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, in a waste treatment plant for converting general combustible waste discharged from a city into a solid fuel, collected waste is previously crushed to an appropriate size and supplied to a subsequent treatment step.

A conventional waste crusher is provided with a two-axis shearing type crusher for shearing waste by combining movable blades moving on different axes, and a blade provided on an outer periphery in a fixed cylinder through which waste passes. BACKGROUND ART A uniaxial impact type crusher that rotates a rotary cylinder is known. In addition, there is a crusher of the uniaxial impact type in which a blade is also provided on the inner periphery of the fixed cylinder to perform shearing.

[0004]

The general combustible waste includes long wastes in the form of sheets or strings, and cloth and vinyl are included as materials. However, there is a drawback that long waste easily passes between the movable blades.

[0005] On the other hand, the uniaxial impact type crusher has the disadvantage that the crushing particle size varies greatly and the mechanical load and the power system receive a large impact load. In order to reduce the crushing particle size, there are measures to increase the number of rotations or the number of blades.However, both the increase in the number of rotations and the number of teeth increase the impact load, so the machine stops due to overload. Or damage.

[0006] In addition, a uniaxial impact type crusher is generally excellent in crushing a lump of hard material. May escape and slip radially outward to fall off and pass without being crushed. Although a countermeasure can be provided by attaching a screen for capturing waste, the screen may be clogged with the waste and the screen may be blocked. Conversely, the flexible and long wastes hitting the blades may slide inward in the radial direction and become entangled with the roots of the blades and the rotary cylinder and grow.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a waste crusher capable of satisfactorily crushing regardless of the material and size of the waste.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a rotating cylinder in a fixed cylinder through which waste passes, and a rotary blade mounted on the outer periphery of the rotating cylinder has a rotating blade. In a waste crusher that shears waste by axially overlapping and passing a fixed blade attached to the inner periphery, a predetermined number of rotating blades are arranged at regular angular intervals in the circumferential direction, and the number of the rotating blades is reduced. On the other hand, a fixed number of fixed blades which are relatively prime or have the greatest common divisor are arranged at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction.

The rotary blade and the fixed blade may be arranged in multiple stages in the axial direction of the rotary cylinder and the fixed cylinder, and the circumferential angle between the rotary blade and the fixed blade may be different at each stage.

[0010] The rotary blade may be rotatably attached to a fulcrum provided on the outer periphery of the rotary cylinder.

Further, the present invention has a rotary cylinder in a fixed cylinder through which waste passes, and a rotary blade mounted on an outer periphery of the rotary cylinder is axially different from a fixed blade mounted on an inner circumference of the fixed cylinder in an axial direction. In a waste crusher that shears waste by overlapping and passing, on both circumferential sides of the radial tip of the rotary blade,
The projections formed in the circumferential direction are formed.

Further, according to the present invention, a rotary cylinder is provided in a fixed cylinder through which waste passes, and a rotary blade attached to an outer periphery of the rotary cylinder is axially aligned with a fixed blade attached to an inner periphery of the fixed cylinder. In a waste crusher that shears waste by overlapping and passing, an auxiliary blade that is shorter in the radial direction than the rotary blade and longer in the circumferential direction is provided along the radial base end of the rotary blade.

[0013]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the waste crusher according to the present invention has a large diameter inside a fixed cylinder 1 through which the waste passes. The rotary cylinder 2 has a rotary blade 2, and the rotary blade 3 attached to the outer periphery of the rotary cylinder 2 is axially overlapped with and passes by the fixed blade 4 attached to the inner periphery of the fixed cylinder 1, thereby shearing waste. Fixed cylinder 1
And the rotary cylinder 2 is provided with its center axis C vertical, and at the upper part of the fixed cylinder 1 is provided an input port 5 for charging waste into a gap D between the rotary cylinder 2 and An outlet 6 for discharging crushed waste is provided at a lower portion of the fixed cylinder 1. In this waste crusher, since the rotary cylinder 2 has a relatively large diameter, a gap D is formed on the outer side in the fixed cylinder 1, the peripheral speed of the rotary blade 3 in the gap D is increased, and a desirable shearing is achieved. The effect can be secured.

The fixed blade 4 has a flat plate shape and is formed in a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from above. The fixed blade 4 has cutting edges formed on both sides in the circumferential direction and on the radial end. The shape of the rotary blade 3 is different from that of the fixed blade 4. Although the detailed shape of the rotary blade 3 will be described later,
At least on both sides in the circumferential direction of the rotary blade 3, a blade edge (a tapered edge is formed in a tapered shape) is formed. A cutting edge may also be formed at the radial end of the rotary blade 3. Waste can be sheared without a cutting edge, but these cutting edges enhance the shearing effect and reduce the mechanical impact during shearing.

The radial lengths of the rotary blade 3 and the fixed blade 4 are as follows:
The length is such that there is an overlapping portion. As shown in FIG. 2, the overlapping may be such that the rotary blade 3 is on top and the fixed blade 4 is on the bottom, or although not shown, the rotary blade 3 may be on the bottom and the fixed blade 4 may be on top. Further, fixed blades 4 may be provided above and below the rotary blade 3.

As shown in FIG. 1, when one rotary blade 3 is at the same rotation angle position as one fixed blade 4, the other rotary blade 3 rotates differently from the other fixed blade 4. It is in a corner position. However, the rotary blades 3 and the fixed blades 4 are arranged at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction in consideration of the rotational motion balance. Therefore, the above feature is realized by making the number of the rotary blades 3 and the number of the fixed blades 4 relatively prime (no common divisor). Here, three rotating blades 3 are provided at intervals of 120 °, while fixed blades 4 are provided at 4 °.
And 90 ° intervals. Thereby, the rotary blade 3 and the fixed blade 4 do not overlap at two or more places at the same time.
When the number of the rotary blades 3 and the number of the fixed blades 4 have a common divisor, by reducing the greatest common divisor, it is possible to reduce the places where the rotary blade 3 and the fixed blade 4 overlap at the same time. As a result, the shock load applied to the mechanism and the power system at the moment of shearing can be evenly distributed over time.

As shown in FIG. 2, this waste crusher
The rotary blades 3 and the fixed blades 4 are arranged in multiple stages in the axial direction of the rotary cylinder 1 and the fixed cylinder 2. Thus, in the case of a multi-stage arrangement,
It is preferable to make the circumferential angle between the rotary blade fixed blades different in each stage. For example, in the case of a three-stage arrangement, the rotary blade 3 is arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction in all three stages, and as shown in FIG.
When the rotary blade 3 and the fixed blade 4 are arranged at positions slightly shifted in the circumferential direction at the third and third stages, the angle formed by the rotary blade 3 and the fixed blade 4 differs at each stage. Accordingly, the rotary blade 3 and the fixed blade 4 do not overlap at two or more places at all stages. In addition, the fixed blade 4 may be arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction, and the rotary blade 3 may be arranged so as to be shifted for each step.

The general formula for obtaining the arrangement from the number of blades in the present invention is as follows.

The number of rotating blades 3 per stage is nr, the number of stationary blades 4 per stage is ns, the number of stages is m, and the number of times the rotating blade 3 and the stationary blade 4 overlap during one rotation of the rotary cylinder 1 is N, assuming that the angle at which the fixed blade 4 is shifted is θ: N = LCM (nr, ns) × m (1) θ = 360 ° / N (2) Here, LCM represents the least common multiple. When nr and ns are relatively prime, N = nr × ns × m (3)

In FIG. 1, three rotary blades 3 and four fixed blades 4 are provided, each having three stages, so that N = 4 × 3 × 3
= 36 overlaps. Therefore, the fixed blade 4 is set to θ
= 360 ° / 36 = 10 °. Thereby, every time the rotary cylinder 1 rotates 10 °,
One of the rotary blades 3 and the fixed blade 4 overlap. That is, by applying the above equation, it is possible to evenly distribute the impact load applied to the mechanism and the power system at the moment of shearing.

Next, the waste crusher according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
As shown in (1), the rotary blade 3 is rotatably mounted on a fulcrum 7 of a pin member provided on the outer periphery of the rotary cylinder 2 in a plane of rotation about a central axis C. Therefore, the rotary blade 3 can freely tilt in the front-rear direction with respect to the traveling direction of the rotary blade 3 due to the rotation of the rotary cylinder 2. For this reason, if the waste load is small, the rotary blade 3 protrudes in the radial direction of the rotary cylinder 2 due to the centrifugal force, but if the waste load is large, the rotary blade 3 can be inclined backward to reduce the impact. In addition, since the rotary blade 3 is freely tilted, it is possible to easily move the waste to be entangled with the base end of the rotary blade 3 or the rotary cylinder 2 to the middle or the tip of the rotary blade 3.

Next, the waste crusher according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, an auxiliary blade 8 that is shorter in the radial direction than the rotary blade 3 and longer in the circumferential direction is provided along the radial base end of the rotary blade 3. This auxiliary blade 8 is fixed to the rotary cylinder 2,
Even when the rotary blade 3 is tilted, the auxiliary blade 8 maintains the posture. The illustrated auxiliary blade 8 has a flat plate shape, and has a trapezoidal tip at the radial direction when viewed from above, and a cutting edge is formed on each of the oblique side and the top side of the trapezoid. The length of the auxiliary blade 8 in the radial direction is such that the tip is close to the fixed blade 4 but does not interfere with it.

As described above, the auxiliary blade 8 protruding from the rotary blade 3 is provided along with the radial base end of the rotary blade 3, so that the waste which is likely to be entangled with the base end of the rotary blade 3 and the rotary cylinder 2 is formed. Can be sheared or held down. The retained waste is repeatedly sheared because it repeatedly encounters the fixed blade 4, and the crushed particle size is reduced. Further, since the cutting edge is also formed at the radial end of the auxiliary blade 8, the effect of shearing waste can be further enhanced. The same effect can be obtained even when the auxiliary blade 8 is integrated with the rotary blade 3.

Next, the shape of the rotary blade 3 will be described in detail.

As schematically shown in FIG. 1, the rotary blade 3 is formed in a flat plate shape and is formed in a substantially rectangular shape from a radial base end to a middle side when viewed from the top, and has a radial end at a circumferential direction. Projections protruding on both sides are formed. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, a triangular protrusion 41 is formed at the tip of the rotary blade 3 when viewed from above. A cutting edge 42 is formed radially inward of the projection 41. Blade edges 43 are also formed on both sides in the circumferential direction of the rotary blade 3. Cutting edge 42 and cutting edge 4
3 intersects with an appropriate interior angle.

As described above, since the projection 41 projecting in the circumferential direction is formed at the tip of the rotary blade 3, it is possible to shear or catch the waste that slides radially outward and drops. Since the captured waste repeatedly meets the fixed blade 4, the waste is reliably sheared, and the crushed particle size is reduced.

Since the protrusions 41 are provided symmetrically on both sides in the circumferential direction, the center of gravity of the rotary blade 3 is located at the center in the circumferential direction. For this reason, when the rotatable rotary blade 3 receives centrifugal force, it is possible to maintain a neutral posture that correctly protrudes in the radial direction of the rotary cylinder 2.

The shape of the rotary blade 3 may be as shown in FIG. That is, a trapezoidal projection 41 is formed at the tip of the rotary blade 3 when viewed from above. Further, not only the cutting edges 42 and 43, but also cutting edges are formed on all edges.

The functions and effects of the above-described waste crusher are summarized below.

(1) Since the rotary blade 3 is attached to the large-diameter rotary cylinder 2, the rotary blade 3 can be applied at high speed to the waste passing through the gap D with the fixed cylinder 1.

(2) Since the rotary blade 3, the fixed blade 4 and the auxiliary blade 8 have tapered cutting edges, the shearing effect can be enhanced while reducing the load due to impact.

(3) The number of the rotary blades 3 and the number of the fixed blades 4 are made to be relatively prime. In the case of a multi-stage arrangement, the circumferential angle between the rotary blades and the fixed blades is made different in each stage. 3 and the fixed blade 4 do not overlap at two or more places at the same time,
Impact loads do not concentrate in time. The rotating cylinder 2 is rotated at a high speed of, for example, 1500 rpm for the purpose of reducing the crushing particle size. At this time, the rotating blade 3 and the fixed blade 4 are rubbed at equal intervals over time, so that the impact load is dispersed and the overload is reduced. The machine is prevented from being stopped or damaged. Even when the number of blades is increased, an optimal arrangement can be obtained by applying the above-described arrangement formula.

(4) Since the rotary blade 3 is rotatable, the impact can be reduced.

(5) The flexible blade 3 is made rotatable, the auxiliary blade 8 is provided, and the protrusion 41 is formed at the tip of the rotary blade 3, so that flexible long waste can be dropped. It can be crushed reliably without being entangled or entangled.

(6) Since the fixed cylinder 1 is set upright and the waste is dropped from above, there is no need for a means for transporting the waste in the cylinder.

When the above-mentioned waste crusher was actually manufactured and the waste was crushed, even if the waste was flexible and long, which had been difficult to crush in the past, the waste was evacuated and discharged as long. It was confirmed that there was nothing that was entangled and that nothing stayed in the machine due to entanglement, and it was crushed to an appropriate crushed particle size and discharged. At that time, I also found that the cutting method was different between cloth and vinyl. The vinyl was torn off and the cloth was cut and discharged, but the function of the projections, the function of the auxiliary blade, and the function of the cutting edge combined to create such a difference. Seem. Since the state of crushing inside the fixed cylinder is not observable by high-speed video shooting etc., the function of each part generated for each material of waste can not be specified, but since the discharged waste is crushed well Overall, it was demonstrated that good crushing can be performed regardless of the material and size of the waste.

[0038]

The present invention exhibits the following excellent effects.

(1) Good crushing with a fine crushing particle size by high-speed rotation is possible.

(2) Long wastes made of a flexible material such as cloth or vinyl can be reliably crushed without passing or staying.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a top view of a waste crusher showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the waste crusher of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a layout view of fixed blades applied to the waste crusher of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a rotary blade showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a rotary blade showing one embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 fixed cylinder 2 rotating cylinder 3 rotating blade 4 fixed blade 5 input port 6 discharge port 7 fulcrum 8 auxiliary blade

Claims (5)

[Claims] A rotating cylinder is provided in a fixed cylinder through which waste passes, and a rotating blade attached to an outer periphery of the rotating cylinder overlaps a fixed blade attached to an inner periphery of the fixed cylinder in an axial direction and passes each other. In the waste crusher for shearing waste by, a predetermined number of rotating blades are arranged at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction, and the number of fixed blades that are relatively prime or the greatest common divisor is smaller than the number of rotating blades Crushers arranged at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction. 2. The rotary blade and the fixed blade are arranged in multiple stages in the axial direction of the rotary cylinder and the fixed cylinder, and the circumferential angle between the rotary blade and the fixed blade is made different at each stage. A waste crusher according to claim 1. 3. The waste crusher according to claim 1, wherein the rotary blade is rotatably attached to a fulcrum provided on the outer periphery of the rotary cylinder. 4. A rotating cylinder is provided in a fixed cylinder through which waste passes, and a rotating blade attached to an outer periphery of the rotating cylinder overlaps a fixed blade attached to an inner periphery of the fixed cylinder in an axial direction and passes each other. In the waste crusher for shearing waste according to the above, a protrusion protruding in the circumferential direction is formed on both circumferential sides of the radial tip of the rotary blade. 5. A rotating cylinder is provided in a fixed cylinder through which waste passes, and a rotating blade attached to an outer periphery of the rotating cylinder overlaps with a fixed blade attached to an inner periphery of the fixed cylinder in an axial direction and passes each other. A waste crusher characterized by providing an auxiliary blade radially shorter than the rotary blade and circumferentially longer than the rotary blade along with a radial base end of the rotary blade. .