JP6244225B2 - Waste crusher - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste crushing apparatus.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a crushing device that crushes waste or the like with a rotary blade provided on a rotary shaft is known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a crushing device in which a plurality of rotary blades are provided on two rotating shafts that are arranged in parallel and rotate in different rotation directions. And in this crushing apparatus, the crushing blade for crushing to-be-crushed objects, such as garbage, is provided in each rotary blade. As described above, in the conventional crushing apparatus, the types of waste to be processed are limited to some extent as in the crushing apparatus for garbage, and therefore, waste that has been sorted in advance is the target of processing.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-47873

  However, when actually trying to process the waste, the waste to be processed is not sorted in advance and may be constituted by various types. In such a waste, a hard waste and a soft waste may be mixed, and when trying to crush it as it is, there is a possibility that the efficiency of the treatment is lowered.

  An object of this invention is to provide the waste crushing apparatus which can process the waste in which the soft waste and the hard waste are mixed.

  The waste crushing apparatus of the present invention includes a housing into which waste is charged, a rotary shaft that is rotatably mounted inside the housing, a plurality of rotary blades that are attached to the rotary shaft and rotate together with the rotary shaft, A fixed blade that is fixed to the housing so as to be disposed between the two rotating blades and crushes the waste by cooperation with the rotating blade, and the rotating blade has a first claw portion protruding in the radial direction And the second claw portion, the first claw portion has a curved curved edge portion formed on the front edge in the rotation direction and protruding rearward in the rotation direction, and the second claw portion is It has a straight edge portion that is formed at the leading edge in the rotational direction and extends linearly across the rotational direction.

  According to this waste crushing device, since the curved edge portion that protrudes rearward in the rotational direction is formed on the front edge in the rotational direction of the first claw portion, the curved portion is curved when the rotary blade rotates. It moves to the position of the fixed blade so that the waste is caught by the edge portion. And the waste which moved is crushed by cooperation with the 1st nail | claw part and fixed blade in a rotary blade. In this case, mainly hard waste is crushed. Further, when the waste is sandwiched between the second claw portion and the fixed blade, the front edge in the rotation direction of the second claw portion is a straight edge portion. It will be sandwiched between. In this case, even soft waste can be crushed by cutting by shearing by the action of the straight edge portion. Therefore, even a waste in which soft waste and hard waste are mixed can be treated.

  Further, the inner edge of the rotation trajectory of the straight edge portion may be located on the inner side of the inner edge of the rotation trajectory of the curved edge portion. According to this structure, the 2nd nail | claw part which shears a soft waste is arrange | positioned in the position close | similar to a rotating shaft. Therefore, it is easy to treat soft waste entangled with the rotating shaft.

  Further, when the rotary blade is rotated, the radially outer end of the linear edge portion may intersect the fixed blade before the inner end in the rotational axis direction view. According to this structure, it is suppressed that the waste pinched | interposed by a fixed blade and a linear edge part escapes to a radial direction outer side.

  Further, when viewed from the direction of the rotation axis, when the end on the outer side of the straight edge portion and the fixed blade overlap, the straight edge portion and the fixed blade may intersect at an angle of 15 ° to 30 °. According to this configuration, the amount of waste sandwiched between the fixed blade and the straight edge portion is limited to an amount that easily shears.

  In addition, the cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the linear edge portion includes a first contour line on the fixed blade side parallel to the rotation surface of the rotary blade, and a second contour line intersecting the first contour line at an acute angle, You may have. According to this structure, since a straight edge part can be formed narrowly, a big pressure can be applied to waste.

  Further, the fixed blade and the rotary blade may be arranged with a gap of 20 mm to 35 mm. According to this structure, the crushing of the waste by a fixed blade and a rotary blade can be performed suitably.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the waste crushing apparatus which can process the waste in which the soft waste and the hard waste are mixed can be provided.

It is a top view of the crushing device of the waste concerning one embodiment. It is II-II sectional drawing of FIG. It is a partial side view in the crushing apparatus of FIG. (A) is a front view which shows a rotary blade. (B) is bb sectional drawing in Fig.4 (a). It is a figure which shows the rotation locus | trajectory of the curved edge part and linear edge part in a rotary blade. (A) And (b) is a figure which shows the positional relationship of a rotary blade and a fixed blade. (A) is a figure which shows the mode of crushing by a 1st nail | claw part. (B) is a figure which shows the mode of crushing by the 2nd nail | claw part.

  Embodiments according to the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. For convenience, substantially the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the crushing device 1 includes a housing 2 into which waste is introduced, and rotating shafts 3 a and 3 b attached to the inside of the housing 2 (hereinafter, collectively referred to as “rotating shaft” as necessary. 3 ”), a plurality of rotary blades 10 attached to the rotary shafts 3a and 3b, and a fixed blade 20 fixed to the housing 2.

  The housing 2 has a quadrangular shape in a plan view, and an opening 2a for introducing waste is provided at the top. The bottom 2b of the housing 2 is provided with a bottom plate (not shown) that can be freely opened and closed so that the crushed waste drops downward. Note that the dropped waste is transferred by, for example, a belt conveyor.

  Inside the housing 2, two rotation shafts 3 a and 3 b arranged in the horizontal direction are provided in parallel. The rotary shaft 3 can be rotated to one side and the other side about the rotary axis C by a drive unit (not shown). In order to suppress damage due to overload, the rotating shaft 3 stops once when a predetermined load or more is generated during rotation, and then reversely rotates.

  A plurality of rotary blades 10 are attached to the rotary shaft 3 at regular intervals in the axial direction. The rotary blade 10 has a predetermined width in the axial direction, and extends in a direction (radial direction) orthogonal to the axial direction. That is, in the rotary blade 10, the rotation surface 11 a on the one side in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 3 and the rotation surface 11 b on the other side are both orthogonal to the rotation shaft 3. The rotary blade 10 of one rotary shaft 3a and the rotary blade 10 of the other rotary shaft 3b are alternately arranged in the axial direction. As shown in FIG. 2, an arcuate mounting portion 12 is formed at the edge of the rotary blade 10, and the rotation shaft 3 is fitted to the mounting portion 12 to perform welding or the like. A rotary blade 10 is fixed to the shaft 3. The plurality of rotary blades 10 are fixed so as to form a spiral with respect to the rotary shaft 3 because the rotary blades 10 are attached by rotating in the circumferential direction by a predetermined angle in order toward one side in the axial direction. In addition, in FIG. 1, the rotary blade 10 is typically drawn and the attaching part 12 is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, the rotary blade 10 is symmetrical with respect to the center line L that is orthogonal to the rotation axis C, and is symmetric with respect to the left and right sides of the center line L. It has the 1st nail | claw part 13 and the 2nd nail | claw part 16 which protruded outside. In the state of FIG. 4A, the first claw portion 13 and the second claw portion 16 formed on the right side of the center line L cooperate with the fixed blade 20 when the rotary blade 10 rotates clockwise. The first claw portion 13 and the second claw portion 16 formed on the left side of the center line L cooperate with the fixed blade 20 when the rotary blade 10 rotates counterclockwise. Work to crush waste. Therefore, in the present specification, when referring to the “rotation direction”, the first claw portion 13 and the second claw portion 16 formed on the right side of the center line L in the state of FIG. The first claw portion 13 and the second claw portion 16 formed on the left side of the center line L mean the counterclockwise direction.

  The 1st nail | claw part 13 has the curved edge part 14 of the curved shape formed in the front edge of a rotation direction. The curved edge portion 14 is curved in a convex shape rearward in the rotational direction from the outer end in the radial direction toward the inside, and is connected to the front in the rotational direction while continuously drawing an arc. The outer end in the radial direction of the first claw portion 13 has a claw shape protruding forward in the rotational direction.

  A second claw portion 16 is formed on the rotation direction side of the first claw portion 13. The 2nd nail | claw part 16 has the linear edge part 17 formed in the front edge of a rotation direction. The straight edge portion 17 extends linearly from the inner side to the outer side in the radial direction, intersecting the rotation direction. In the straight edge portion 17, the outer end portion 17 b than the inner end portion 17 a is the front side in the rotation direction.

  FIG. 4B is a bb cross-sectional view orthogonal to the extending direction of the straight edge portion 17. As shown in FIG. 4B, this cross section forms a rotary surface 11a on one side in the axial direction of the rotary blade 10, and a first contour line 18a parallel to the rotary surface 11a and a first contour line 18a. A second contour line 18b that intersects the second contour line 18b at an obtuse angle with the second contour line 18b that intersects the second contour line 18b at an obtuse angle, forms a rotational surface 11b on the other side in the axial direction of the rotary blade 10, and is parallel to the rotational surface 11b. Line 18c. A portion where the first outline 18 a and the second outline 18 b intersect with each other is a straight edge portion 17. In the present embodiment, the angle formed by the first outline 18a and the second outline 18b is, for example, about 55 °.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating rotation trajectories of the curved edge portion 14 and the straight edge portion 17 in the rotary blade 10. In FIG. 5, the outer edge in the locus of the curved edge portion 14 is indicated by R1, and the inner edge is indicated by R2. Further, the outer edge in the locus of the straight edge portion 17 is indicated by R3, and the inner edge is indicated by R4. As shown in FIG. 5, the inner edge R <b> 4 of the rotation trajectory of the straight edge portion 17 is located on the inner side of the inner edge R <b> 2 of the rotation trajectory of the curved edge portion 14. Further, the outer edge R3 of the straight edge portion 17 and the inner edge R2 of the curved edge portion 14 overlap each other. Thus, the 2nd nail | claw part 16 rotates the inner side of the 1st nail | claw part 13, and makes the waste located in the vicinity of the rotating shaft 3 the object of crushing. Here, as viewed in the direction of the rotation axis, the outer edge R1 and the inner edge R2 of the rotation locus of the curved edge portion 14, and the outer edge R3 and the inner edge R4 of the rotation locus of the linear edge portion 17 are both. Crosses the upper surface of the fixed blade 20. Therefore, the curved edge portion 14 and the straight edge portion 17 intersect with the fixed blade over the entire length (see FIG. 6).

  As shown in FIG. 1, fixed blades 20 a, 20 b, and 20 c (hereinafter, collectively referred to as “fixed blade 20” as necessary) are disposed between adjacent rotary blades 10. The fixed blade 20 includes a fixed blade 20c disposed between the rotating blades 10 of the rotating shaft 3a and between the rotating blades 10 of the rotating shaft 3b, a fixed blade 20a disposed between the rotating shaft 3a and the housing 2, and rotation. The fixed blade 20b is disposed between the shaft 3b and the housing 2. The fixed blades 20c are formed so as to be shifted back and forth with respect to the axial direction so as to fit between the rotary blades 10 of the rotary shaft 3a and between the rotary blades 10 of the rotary shaft 3b. Since the fixed blades 20 adjacent to each other and the adjacent rotary blades 10 are alternately arranged in this manner, the waste placed across the fixed blades 20 is pressed by the rotary blades 10. The waste is crushed in cooperation with the rotary blade 10.

  FIG. 3 is a partial side view schematically showing only the rotary shaft 3, the rotary blade 10, and the fixed blade 20 in the crushing apparatus 1. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the fixed blade 20 is formed at the upper end of a rib 22 that is disposed on the inner side in the width direction of the housing 2 so as to be orthogonal to the rotation shaft 3. In the present embodiment, the upper surface 21 of the fixed blade 20 is formed to be a horizontal flat surface having substantially the same height as the rotation axis C of the rotation shaft 3. Further, the fixed blade 20 is disposed substantially at the center of the adjacent rotary blades 10, and the gap S <b> 1 between the rotary surface of one rotary blade 10 and the rotary surface of the rotary blade 10 on the other side is approximately. It is the same. A semicircular cutout 22a for supporting the rotary shafts 3a and 3b is formed on the upper end side of the rib 22.

  FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a positional relationship between the first claw portion 13 of the rotary blade 10 and the fixed blade 20 when viewed in the direction of the rotation axis. FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a positional relationship between the second claw portion 16 of the rotary blade 10 and the fixed blade 20 as viewed in the direction of the rotation axis. As shown in FIG. 6 (a), the radially outer end 14a of the first claw 13 is the tip in the rotational direction, and therefore the fixed blade 20 is first used when the rotary blade 10 is rotated. Intersects (upper surface 21). In this state, the waste in the range surrounded by the curved edge portion 14 and the fixed blade 20 in the first claw portion 13 is pressed and crushed by the curved edge portion 14 as it rotates.

  As shown in FIG. 6B, in the second claw portion 16, when the rotary blade 10 rotates, the radially outer end portion 17b of the linear edge portion 17 is fixed before the inner end portion 17a. Crosses the blade 20. Moreover, when the edge part 17b of the outer side of the linear edge part 17 and the fixed blade 20 overlap like the example of illustration, the linear edge part 17 and the fixed blade 20 cross at a predetermined angle. In this state, the waste in the range surrounded by the straight edge portion 17 and the fixed blade 20 in the second claw portion 16 is pressed and sheared by the straight edge portion 17 with rotation. In this embodiment, since the horizontal position of the fixed blade 20 and the horizontal position of the rotation axis C are substantially the same, the linear edge portion 17 is inclined by a predetermined angle from the inner side to the outer side in the radial direction. As a result, the radially outer end 17b of the straight edge portion 17 intersects the fixed blade 20 first. The straight edge portion 17 is inclined with respect to the fixed blade 20 by, for example, about 15 ° to 30 °, and is inclined about 16 ° in the illustrated example.

  Next, the crushing operation of the crushing apparatus 1 will be described. The crushing apparatus 1 in this embodiment crushes various hard wastes (wood, plastic, etc.) 30a and soft wastes (for example, fishing nets, flexible container bags, etc.) 30b.

  First, waste is put into the housing 2 in a state where the rotary shafts 3a and 3b (the rotary blade 10) are rotated. Since the first claw portion 13 is formed in a claw-like shape, the curved edge portion 14 is configured so that waste is caught on the outer end portion 14 a of the first claw portion 13 as the rotary blade 10 rotates. Can be moved inside. Then, as shown in FIG. 7A, the waste 30a sandwiched between the curved edge portion 14 and the fixed blade 20 is pressed against the curved edge portion 14 as it rotates. This pressing mainly crushes the hard waste 30a.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, the waste 30b sandwiched between the straight edge portion 17 and the fixed blade 20 is pressed against the straight edge portion 17 as it rotates. At this time, the soft waste 30b is mainly sheared (crushed) by the relative movement of the straight edge portion 17 and the fixed blade 20. In order to perform shearing, predetermined gaps S <b> 1 and S <b> 2 are provided between the fixed blade 20 and the rotary blade 10. In the present embodiment, for example, a gap of 20 mm to 35 mm is formed between the fixed blade 20 and the rotary blade 10, and soft waste can be suitably sheared.

  In the waste crushing apparatus 1 described above, since the curved edge portion 14 is formed on the front edge of the first claw portion 13 in the rotation direction and protrudes rearward in the rotation direction, the rotary blade 10 is rotated. At this time, the curved edge portion 14 moves to the position of the fixed blade 20 so that the waste is caught. The moved waste is crushed by the cooperation of the first claw portion 13 and the fixed blade 20 in the rotary blade 10. In this case, mainly the hard waste 30a is crushed. Further, when the waste is sandwiched between the second claw portion 16 and the fixed blade 20, the front edge in the rotation direction of the second claw portion 16 is the straight edge portion 17. It will be sandwiched between the portion 17 and the fixed blade 20. In this case, even the soft waste 30b can be crushed by being cut by shearing by the action of the straight edge portion 17. Therefore, even the waste in which the hard waste 30a and the hard waste 30b are mixed can be treated.

  Further, when the soft waste 30 b is long, the waste 30 b tends to be entangled with the rotary shaft 3 as the rotary shaft 3 rotates. In the crushing device 1 according to the present embodiment, the inner edge R4 of the rotation locus of the straight edge portion 17 is disposed on the inner side of the inner edge R2 of the rotation locus of the curved edge portion 14, and the vicinity of the rotation shaft 3 is Therefore, it is easy to treat the soft waste 30b entangled with the rotary shaft 3.

  Moreover, in the 2nd nail | claw part 16, when the rotary blade 10 rotates, the edge part 17b of the radial direction outer side of the linear edge part 17 cross | intersects the fixed blade 20 ahead of the inner side edge part 17a. Therefore, the waste sandwiched between the fixed blade 20 and the linear edge portion 17 is easily moved radially inward, and is prevented from escaping from the second claw portion 16 and escaping radially outward.

  When the inclination of the straight edge portion 17 with respect to the fixed blade 20 is extremely large, the amount of waste sandwiched between the fixed blade 20 and the straight edge portion 17 increases, and a large load may be applied to the rotating shaft 3. is there. However, in the crushing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the straight edge portion 17 has an inclination of, for example, about 15 ° to 30 ° with respect to the fixed blade 20, and thus is sandwiched between the fixed blade 20 and the straight edge portion 17. The amount of waste generated is limited to an amount that is easy to shear.

  Moreover, in the 2nd nail | claw part 16, since the linear edge part 17 is formed because the 1st outline 18a and the 2nd outline 18b cross at an acute angle, a waste is pressed with a line instead of a surface. Will do. Therefore, a greater pressure can be applied to the waste, and shearing (crushing) can be performed efficiently.

  Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may be modified without changing the gist described in each claim. For example, the number of first claw portions and second claw portions in the rotary blade is not limited to two, but may be one or three or more.

  Moreover, although the fixed blade 20 showed the example arrange | positioned in the approximate center of the adjacent rotary blade 10, it is not limited to this. Since the shearing by the straight edge portion 17 and the fixed blade 20 is performed by the straight edge portion 17 and the fixed blade 20 disposed on the first contour line 18a side of the straight edge portion 17, for example, the third contour line 18c side The gap S2 between the fixed blade and the rotary blade may be set wider.

  Moreover, although the example in which the some rotary blade 10 was fixed so that the spiral might be drawn with respect to the rotating shaft 3 was shown, it is not limited to this. In this embodiment, since the angle of the rotary blade 10 is shifted in order to disperse the load applied to the rotary shaft 3, for example, the angle of the rotary blade with respect to the rotary shaft may be set at random.

  Moreover, although the example in which the upper surface 21 of the fixed blade 20 is formed to be a horizontal flat surface having substantially the same height as the rotation axis C of the rotation shaft 3 is shown, the present invention is not limited to this. The fixed blade only needs to be able to crush the waste in cooperation with the rotary blade. For example, the fixed blade may have a predetermined inclination, or may be disposed so as to deviate from the rotation axis. Further, the fixed blade may be formed to have a predetermined unevenness instead of a flat surface.

  Moreover, although the example in which the rotating shaft 3 is 2 axes | shafts was shown, it is not limited to this. The rotation axis may be one axis or three or more axes.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Crushing device, 2 ... Housing, 3 ... Rotating shaft, 10 ... Rotary blade, 13 ... 1st nail | claw part, 14 ... Curve edge part, 16 ... 2nd claw part, 17 ... Linear edge part, 17a ... End Part, 17b ... end, 18a ... first contour line, 18b ... second contour line, 20 ... fixed blade, 30a, 30b ... waste, R2 ... edge, R4 ... edge.

Claims (6)

A housing into which waste is introduced;
A rotating shaft rotatably mounted inside the housing;
A plurality of rotary blades attached to the rotary shaft and rotating together with the rotary shaft;
A fixed blade that is fixed to the housing so as to be disposed between the adjacent rotary blades, and crushes waste by cooperation with the rotary blades,
The rotary blade has a first claw portion and a second claw portion protruding in a radial direction,
The first claw portion has a curved edge portion having a curved shape that is formed at a leading edge in the rotational direction and protrudes rearward in the rotational direction, and waste is generated by cooperation of the curved edge portion and the fixed blade. Crush the
The second claw portion has a straight edge portion that is formed at a front edge of the rotation direction and extends linearly across the rotation direction, and waste is generated by cooperation of the straight edge portion and the fixed blade. crushing device of waste which is characterized that you crushed. A housing into which waste is introduced;
A rotating shaft rotatably mounted inside the housing;
A plurality of rotary blades attached to the rotary shaft and rotating together with the rotary shaft;
A fixed blade that is fixed to the housing so as to be disposed between the adjacent rotary blades, and crushes waste by cooperation with the rotary blades,
The rotary blade has a first claw portion and a second claw portion protruding in a radial direction,
The first claw portion has a curved edge portion having a curved shape that is formed at a front edge in the rotation direction and protrudes rearward in the rotation direction,
The second claw portion has a straight edge portion that is formed at a front edge in the rotation direction and extends linearly across the rotation direction,
It said inner edge of the rotation trajectory of the straight edge portion, apparatus for fracturing waste you being located inside the inner edge of the rotation trajectory of the curved edge portion.   3. The rotating blade is rotated, when viewed in the rotational axis direction, the radially outer end of the linear edge portion intersects the fixed blade before the inner end. The waste crushing apparatus described in 1.   When viewed from the direction of the rotation axis, when the end on the outer side of the straight edge portion and the fixed blade overlap, the straight edge portion and the fixed blade intersect at an angle of 15 ° to 30 °. The waste crushing apparatus according to claim 3.   The cross section perpendicular to the extending direction of the straight edge portion has a first contour line on the fixed blade side parallel to the rotation surface of the rotary blade and a second contour line intersecting the first contour line at an acute angle. The waste crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein   The waste crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fixed blade and the rotary blade are disposed with a gap of 20 mm to 35 mm.

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