JP2008271828A - Agricultural light reflecting sheet - Google Patents
Agricultural light reflecting sheet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008271828A JP2008271828A JP2007118066A JP2007118066A JP2008271828A JP 2008271828 A JP2008271828 A JP 2008271828A JP 2007118066 A JP2007118066 A JP 2007118066A JP 2007118066 A JP2007118066 A JP 2007118066A JP 2008271828 A JP2008271828 A JP 2008271828A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- thermoplastic resin
- resin film
- stretched thermoplastic
- film
- light reflecting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、りんご、もも、ぶどう、なし等の園芸作物を栽培する際に、その根本周囲の地面を覆うように使用することで、太陽光を反射し、果実の色づきを促進する農業用光反射シートに関するものである。本発明の農業用光反射シートを用いた場合は、果実の色づきにむらが生じにくく、シート自体にごみ・汚れがつきにくく、更に設置した地面の雑草防止効果や地温抑制効果が高い。 The present invention is an agricultural product that reflects sunlight and promotes the coloring of fruits when cultivating horticultural crops such as apples, peaches, grapes, and none, so as to cover the ground around the root. The present invention relates to a light reflecting sheet. When the light reflecting sheet for agriculture of the present invention is used, unevenness in coloration of fruits is unlikely to occur, the sheet itself is difficult to get dust and dirt, and the weed prevention effect and ground temperature suppression effect of the installed ground are high.
栽培果実の色づきを促進するための農業用光反射シートとしては、例えば、金属箔をポリウレタンシート等の基材に張り合わせて構成された金属光沢のあるシートがよく知られており（例えば特許文献１）、使用されている。 As an agricultural light reflecting sheet for promoting coloring of cultivated fruits, for example, a sheet having metallic luster formed by bonding a metal foil to a base material such as a polyurethane sheet is well known (for example, Patent Document 1). ),in use.
しかしながら、これらの金属箔は正反射率が高く、拡散反射率が低いため、入射光を広範囲に反射することができず、果実全体へ満遍なく光をあてる効果が低く、果実の色づきにむらを生じやすいものであった。加えて、長期間使用による金属箔の劣化も激しく、長期の使用に支障があった。 However, these metal foils have high regular reflectance and low diffuse reflectance, so they cannot reflect incident light over a wide range, have a low effect of shining light uniformly on the whole fruit, and cause uneven coloration of the fruit. It was easy. In addition, the deterioration of the metal foil due to long-term use was severe, which hindered long-term use.
近年は農業用資材として、不織布を基材として光反射性の樹脂層を設けた光反射性マルチシート（例えば、特許文献２）や、光線透過率が５０％以下の白色フィルムと補強材からなる遮光シート（例えば、特許文献３）が提案されている。しかしこれらのシートはいずれも遮光を目的とするものであり、本発明の分野である農業用光反射シートに応用した場合には、光反射性能が低く所期の目的達成には不十分であり、また白色フィルムが帯電防止性を有していないためにごみが付着しやすく、長期間使用により汚れが堆積して光反射性が低下するといった欠点があった。
本発明は、特に光の拡散反射性に優れ、かつ埃や汚れがつきにくく、長期間の使用が可能であり、加えて遮光性が高いことから、シート下の雑草の発育を抑制することを可能とする、農業用光反射シートを提供するものである。 The present invention is particularly excellent in light diffusivity, dust and dirt, and can be used for a long period of time. In addition, the light shielding property is high, so that weed growth under the sheet is suppressed. The present invention provides an agricultural light reflecting sheet that can be used.
本発明者らは、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、フィラーを２０〜６０重量％含有する熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）に、着色した織布または不織布から選ばれる遮光材（Ｂ）を積層貼合した複合フィルムからなる農業用光反射シートであって、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の反射率Ｒ１が７０〜１００％、正反射率Ｒ３が０．１〜４．０％であり、かつ農業用光反射シートの光線透過率が０〜１０％である農業用光反射シートにおいて、上記課題を達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors laminated and laminated a light shielding material (B) selected from a colored woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric on a stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) containing 20 to 60% by weight of a filler. A light reflection sheet for agricultural use comprising the composite film, wherein the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) has a reflectance R1 of 70 to 100%, a regular reflectance R3 of 0.1 to 4.0%, and agriculture. In the agricultural light reflection sheet | seat whose light transmittance of the light reflection sheet | seat for agriculture is 0 to 10%, it discovered that the said subject could be achieved and came to complete this invention.
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）は、その表面の０.１ｍｍ2あたりの山数が１〜６の範囲であることが好ましく、その空孔率が２５〜６０％であることが好ましく、その面積延伸倍率が３０〜８０倍であることが好ましく、その表面固有抵抗値が１．０×１０12Ω以下であり、かつその表面の水接触角が、６０°以上であることが好ましい。熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を構成する熱可塑性樹脂はポリオレフィン系樹脂であることが好ましく、遮光材（Ｂ）を構成する織布または不織布が着色されており、そのマクベス濃度が１．２以上であることが好ましい。 In the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention, the number of peaks per 0.1 mm 2 of the surface is preferably in the range of 1 to 6, and the porosity is preferably 25 to 60%. The area stretch ratio is preferably 30 to 80 times, the surface resistivity is preferably 1.0 × 10 12 Ω or less, and the water contact angle of the surface is preferably 60 ° or more. . The thermoplastic resin constituting the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) is preferably a polyolefin resin, and the woven or non-woven fabric constituting the light shielding material (B) is colored, and the Macbeth concentration is 1.2 or more. It is preferable that
本発明の農業用光反射シートは、光反射性能が高く、特に広範囲にわたって光を拡散反射するため、むらの無い果実の色づきを促進するために有用であり、また光線透過率も低いことから下草発育防止効果も高く農業用シートとしてきわめて有用である。加えて撥水性を有し、かつ帯電防止性もあることから汚れ付着機能も高く、長期間使用しても性能低下しにくい。 The light reflection sheet for agriculture according to the present invention has high light reflection performance, particularly diffused reflection of light over a wide range, and is therefore useful for accelerating the coloring of fruit without unevenness, and has low light transmittance. It has a high growth prevention effect and is extremely useful as an agricultural sheet. In addition, since it has water repellency and antistatic properties, it also has a high dirt adhesion function and is unlikely to deteriorate in performance even after long-term use.
以下において、本発明の農業用フィルムについて詳細に説明する。以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に限定されるものではない。なお、本発明において「〜」はその前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ最小値および最大値として含む範囲を意味する。 Below, the agricultural film of this invention is demonstrated in detail. The description of the constituent elements described below may be made based on typical embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. In the present invention, “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after that as a minimum value and a maximum value, respectively.
熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）は、主に光反射の機能を有するものであり、フィラーを含有し且つ延伸されたフィルムであって、特定の光学物性を有するものである。効率よく光を拡散反射することでむらの無い果実の色づきを実現するものである。
Thermoplastic resin stretched film (A)
The stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention mainly has a function of reflecting light, is a stretched film containing a filler, and has specific optical properties. It achieves uniform fruit coloring by efficiently reflecting and reflecting light.
＜熱可塑性樹脂＞
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）に用いられる熱可塑性樹脂の種類は特に制限されない。基材フィルムに使用する熱可塑性樹脂としては、高密度ポリエチレン、中密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、エチレン−αオレフィン共重合体等のエチレン系樹脂、プロピレン系樹脂、ポリメチルペンテン、エチレン−環状オレフィン共重合体等のポリオレフィン系樹脂；ナイロン−６、ナイロン−６，６、ナイロン−６，１０、ナイロン−６，１２等のポリアミド系樹脂；ポリエチレンテレフタレートや同モノマーに更に共重合可能な成分を加えて得た共重合体、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリ乳酸、脂肪族ポリエステル等の熱可塑性ポリエステル系樹脂；ポリカーボネート、アタクティックポリスチレン、シンジオタクティックポリスチレン、ポリフェニレンサルファイド等の熱可塑性樹脂が挙げられる。これらは２種以上混合して用いることもできる。
これらの中でも、耐水性、撥水性、耐薬品性や生産コスト等の観点から、ポリオレフィン系樹脂を用いることが好ましく、中でもプロピレン系樹脂を用いることが好ましい。
<Thermoplastic resin>
The kind of thermoplastic resin used for the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention is not particularly limited. The thermoplastic resin used for the base film includes high-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, ethylene-α-olefin copolymer and other ethylene resins, propylene-based resins, polymethylpentene, and ethylene-cyclic olefin copolymers. Polyolefin resins such as polymers; Polyamide resins such as nylon-6, nylon-6,6, nylon-6,10, nylon-6,12; and addition of copolymerizable components to polyethylene terephthalate and the same monomer Examples of the copolymer obtained include thermoplastic polyester resins such as polyethylene naphthalate, polylactic acid, and aliphatic polyester; and thermoplastic resins such as polycarbonate, atactic polystyrene, syndiotactic polystyrene, and polyphenylene sulfide. These may be used in combination of two or more.
Among these, from the viewpoints of water resistance, water repellency, chemical resistance, production cost, and the like, it is preferable to use a polyolefin resin, and it is preferable to use a propylene resin.
プロピレン系樹脂としては、プロピレン単独重合体や、主成分であるプロピレンと、エチレン、１−ブテン、１−ヘキセン、１−ヘプテン，４−メチル−１−ペンテン等のα−オレフィンとの共重合体を用いることができる。立体規則性は特に制限されず、アイソタクティックないしはシンジオタクティック及び種々の程度の立体規則性を示すものを用いることができる。また、共重合体は２元系でも３元系でも４元系でもよく、またランダム共重合体でもブロック共重合体でもよい。
このような熱可塑性樹脂は、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）に２５〜８０重量％で使用することがよく、３０〜７０重量％で使用することが好ましい。熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）における熱可塑性樹脂の含有量が２５重量％以上であれば、後述する熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルムの延伸成形時に表面にキズが生じにくい傾向があり、８０重量％以下であれば、光拡散反射に寄与する充分な空孔数が得られやすい傾向がある。
Examples of the propylene-based resin include a propylene homopolymer, and a copolymer of propylene as a main component and an α-olefin such as ethylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene. Can be used. The stereoregularity is not particularly limited, and isotactic or syndiotactic and those showing various degrees of stereoregularity can be used. The copolymer may be a binary system, a ternary system, or a quaternary system, and may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer.
Such a thermoplastic resin is preferably used in the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) at 25 to 80% by weight, preferably 30 to 70% by weight. If the content of the thermoplastic resin in the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) is 25% by weight or more, there is a tendency that the surface is hardly scratched at the time of stretch molding of the stretched thermoplastic resin film to be described later. If there is, there is a tendency that a sufficient number of holes contributing to light diffuse reflection is easily obtained.
＜フィラー＞
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）に熱可塑性樹脂とともに用いられるフィラーとしては、各種の無機フィラーまたは有機フィラーを使用することができる。
無機フィラーとしては、重質炭酸カルシウム、沈降性炭酸カルシウム、焼成クレー、タルク、酸化チタン、硫酸バリウム、硫酸アルミニウム、シリカ、酸化亜鉛、酸化マグネシウム、珪藻土等を例示することができる。また、上記無機フィラーを種々の表面処理剤により表面処理した表面処理品も例示できる。中でも重質炭酸カルシウム、沈降性炭酸カルシウム及びそれらの表面処理品、クレー、珪藻土を使用すれば安価で延伸時の空孔形成性がよいために好ましい。さらに好ましいのは、重質炭酸カルシウム、沈降性炭酸カルシウムの種々の表面処理剤による表面処理品である。表面処理剤としては、例えば樹脂酸、脂肪酸、有機酸、硫酸エステル型陰イオン界面活性剤、スルホン酸型陰イオン界面活性剤、石油樹脂酸、これらのナトリウム、カリウム、アンモニウム等の塩、または、これらの脂肪酸エステル、樹脂酸エステル、ワックス、パラフィン等が好ましく、非イオン系界面活性剤、ジエン系ポリマー、チタネート系カップリング剤、シラン系カップリング剤、燐酸系カップリング剤等も好ましい。硫酸エステル型陰イオン界面活性剤としては、例えば長鎖アルコール硫酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸エステル、硫酸化油等あるいはそれらのナトリウム、カリウム等の塩が挙げられ、スルホン酸型陰イオン界面活性剤としては、例えばアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸、パラフィンスルホン酸、α−オレフィンスルホン酸、アルキルスルホコハク酸等あるいはそれらのナトリウム、カリウム等の塩が挙げられる。また、脂肪酸としては、例えばカプロン酸、カプリル酸、ペラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ウンデカン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、ヘベン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、エレオステアリン酸等が挙げられ、有機酸としては、例えばマレイン酸、ソルビン酸等が挙げられ、ジエン系ポリマーとしては、例えばポリブタジエン、イソプレンなどが挙げられ、非イオン系界面活性剤としてはポリエチレングリコールエステル型界面活性剤等が挙げられる。これらの表面処理剤は１種類または２種類以上組み合わせて使用することができる。これらの表面処理剤を用いた無機フィラーの表面処理方法としては、例えば、特開平５−４３８１５号公報、特開平５−１３９７２８号公報、特開平７−３００５６８号公報、特開平１０−１７６０７９号公報、特開平１１−２５６１４４号公報、特開平１１−３４９８４６号公報、特開２００１−１５８８６３号公報、特開２００２−２２０５４７号公報、特開２００２−３６３４４３号公報などに記載の方法が使用できる。
<Filler>
As the filler used together with the thermoplastic resin in the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention, various inorganic fillers or organic fillers can be used.
Examples of the inorganic filler include heavy calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, calcined clay, talc, titanium oxide, barium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, silica, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, diatomaceous earth, and the like. Moreover, the surface treatment goods which surface-treated the said inorganic filler with various surface treatment agents can be illustrated. Among them, it is preferable to use heavy calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate and their surface-treated products, clay, and diatomaceous earth because they are inexpensive and have good pore forming properties during stretching. Further preferred are surface treated products with various surface treatment agents of heavy calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate. As the surface treatment agent, for example, resin acid, fatty acid, organic acid, sulfate ester type anionic surfactant, sulfonic acid type anionic surfactant, petroleum resin acid, salts thereof such as sodium, potassium, ammonium, or These fatty acid esters, resin acid esters, waxes, paraffins and the like are preferable, and nonionic surfactants, diene polymers, titanate coupling agents, silane coupling agents, and phosphoric acid coupling agents are also preferable. Examples of sulfate-type anionic surfactants include long-chain alcohol sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, sulfated oils, and their salts such as sodium and potassium, and sulfonate-type anionic surfactants. Examples of the agent include alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, paraffin sulfonic acid, α-olefin sulfonic acid, alkyl sulfosuccinic acid and the like, and salts thereof such as sodium and potassium. Examples of fatty acids include caproic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hebenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and eleostearic acid. Examples of the organic acid include maleic acid and sorbic acid. Examples of the diene polymer include polybutadiene and isoprene. Examples of the nonionic surfactant include a polyethylene glycol ester type surfactant. Agents and the like. These surface treatment agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of the surface treatment method of the inorganic filler using these surface treatment agents include, for example, JP-A-5-43815, JP-A-5-139728, JP-A-7-300568, and JP-A-10-176079. JP-A-11-256144, JP-A-11-349846, JP-A-2001-158863, JP-A-2002-220547, JP-A-2002-363443, etc. can be used.
有機フィラーとしては、用いる熱可塑性樹脂の融点またはガラス転移点よりも高い融点またはガラス転移点（例えば、１２０〜３００℃）を有するものが使用される。例えば熱可塑性樹脂がポリオレフィン系樹脂であれば有機フィラーとして、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリスチレン、メラミン樹脂、環状オレフィン単独重合体、エチレン−環状オレフィン共重合体、ポリエチレンサルファイド、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリフェニレンサルファイド等を例示することができる。中でも、使用する熱可塑性樹脂に非相溶性の有機フィラーを使用することが空孔形成の点で好ましい。
熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）には、無機フィラーまたは有機フィラーの中から１種を選択してこれを単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を選択して組み合わせて使用してもよい。２種以上を組み合わせて使用する場合には、無機フィラーと有機フィラーを混合して使用してもよい。
As an organic filler, what has melting | fusing point or glass transition point (for example, 120-300 degreeC) higher than melting | fusing point or glass transition point of the thermoplastic resin to be used is used. For example, if the thermoplastic resin is a polyolefin resin, the organic filler may be polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polystyrene, melamine resin, cyclic olefin homopolymer, ethylene-cyclic olefin copolymer, polyethylene. Examples include sulfide, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, and the like. Especially, it is preferable at the point of void | hole formation to use an incompatible organic filler for the thermoplastic resin to be used.
In the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A), one type may be selected from inorganic fillers or organic fillers, and these may be used alone, or two or more types may be selected and used in combination. . When using combining 2 or more types, you may mix and use an inorganic filler and an organic filler.
後述する熱可塑性樹脂フィルムの延伸成形により、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）中に発生させる空孔サイズの調整のため、上記無機フィラーの平均粒径、または有機フィラーの平均分散粒径は好ましくはそれぞれが０．０５〜２．０μｍの範囲、より好ましくはそれぞれが０．１〜１．５μｍの範囲のものを使用する。平均粒径または平均分散粒径が０．０５μｍ以上のフィラーを用いれば、所望の空孔がより得られやすくなる傾向がある。また、平均粒径または平均分散粒径が２．０μｍ以下のフィラーを用いれば、空孔サイズがより均一になる傾向がある。 The average particle size of the inorganic filler or the average dispersed particle size of the organic filler is preferably used for adjusting the pore size generated in the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) by stretching the thermoplastic resin film described later. Each of them is in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 μm, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 μm. If a filler having an average particle diameter or an average dispersed particle diameter of 0.05 μm or more is used, desired pores tend to be obtained more easily. Further, if a filler having an average particle size or an average dispersed particle size of 2.0 μm or less is used, the pore size tends to be more uniform.
本発明に用いうる無機フィラーの平均粒径は、例えば、レーザー回折式粒子計測装置「マイクロトラック」（株式会社日機装製、商品名）により測定した累積で５０％にあたる粒子径（累積５０％粒径）の測定（マイクロトラック法）や、比表面積からの換算（例えば（株）島津製作所製の粉体比表面積測定装置ＳＳ−１００を使用し比表面積を測定して換算する）や、電子顕微鏡による一次粒径の観察（例えば粒子１００個の平均値を平均粒径とする）などにより求めることができる。本発明では電子顕微鏡により無機フィラーの一次粒子１００個を観察し、その粒径（長径）の平均値を平均粒径とする方法を用いた。 The average particle diameter of the inorganic filler that can be used in the present invention is, for example, a particle diameter corresponding to 50% (cumulative 50% particle diameter) measured by a laser diffraction particle measuring device “Microtrack” (trade name, manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.). ) Measurement (Microtrac method), conversion from specific surface area (for example, using a powder specific surface area measuring device SS-100 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation to convert and measuring specific surface area), or by electron microscope It can be determined by observing the primary particle size (for example, the average value of 100 particles is the average particle size). In the present invention, a method was used in which 100 primary particles of the inorganic filler were observed with an electron microscope, and the average value of the particle sizes (major axis) was used as the average particle size.
本発明に用いうる有機フィラーの平均分散粒径は、例えば、有機フィラーが溶融混練により熱可塑性樹脂中に分散した状態での樹脂フィルム断面を、電子顕微鏡により分散粒子の少なくとも１０個を観察して、その粒径（長径）の平均値として求めることができる。
後述する熱可塑性樹脂フィルムの延伸成形により、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）中に発生させる空孔量の調整のため、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）中への上記フィラーの配合量は２０〜６０重量％の範囲であり、好ましくは２１〜５０重量％の範囲であり、より好ましくは２２〜４０重量％の範囲にする。フィラーの配合量が２０重量％以上であれば、充分な空孔数が得られやすくなる傾向がある。また、フィラーの配合量が７５重量％以下であれば、表面にキズがより生じにくくなる傾向がある。
The average dispersed particle diameter of the organic filler that can be used in the present invention is, for example, a cross section of the resin film in a state where the organic filler is dispersed in the thermoplastic resin by melt kneading, and at least 10 dispersed particles are observed with an electron microscope. The average value of the particle diameter (major axis) can be obtained.
In order to adjust the amount of pores generated in the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) by stretching the thermoplastic resin film described later, the blending amount of the filler in the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) is 20 to It is in the range of 60% by weight, preferably in the range of 21-50% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 22-40% by weight. If the blending amount of the filler is 20% by weight or more, a sufficient number of pores tends to be obtained. Moreover, if the blending amount of the filler is 75% by weight or less, scratches tend to be less likely to occur on the surface.
＜添加剤＞
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）には、必要により、蛍光増白剤、熱安定剤、光安定剤、分散剤、滑剤等を配合してもよい。熱安定剤としては、立体障害フェノール系やリン系、アミン系等の安定剤を０．００１〜１重量％、光安定剤としては、立体障害アミンやベンゾトリアゾール系、ベンゾフェノン系などの光安定剤を０．００１〜１重量％、無機フィラーの分散剤としては、シランカップリング剤、オレイン酸やステアリン酸等の高級脂肪酸、金属石鹸、ポリアクリル酸、ポリメタクリル酸ないしはそれらの塩等を０．０１〜４重量％配合してもよい。
<Additives>
If necessary, the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention may contain a fluorescent whitening agent, a heat stabilizer, a light stabilizer, a dispersant, a lubricant and the like. As a heat stabilizer, 0.001 to 1% by weight of a sterically hindered phenol, phosphorus, amine, or the like stabilizer, and as a light stabilizer, a sterically hindered amine, benzotriazole, benzophenone, or other light stabilizer. 0.001 to 1% by weight of the inorganic filler, and siloxane coupling agents, higher fatty acids such as oleic acid and stearic acid, metal soaps, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid or salts thereof, etc. You may mix | blend 01 to 4 weight%.
＜成形＞
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の成形方法としては、一般的な押出成形に、１軸延伸や２軸延伸を組み合わせた方法が使用できる。
<Molding>
As a method for forming the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention, a method in which uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching is combined with general extrusion molding can be used.
＜積層＞
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）は、単層であっても、ベース層と表面層の２層構造であっても、ベース層の両面に表面層が存在する３層構造であっても、ベース層と表面層との間に他の樹脂フィルム層が存在する多層構造であっても良い。
熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を２層以上の多層構造とする積層方法としては、２機以上のスクリュ−型押出機を接続した多層ＴダイやＩダイを使用して、ベース層と表面層の溶融原料をダイ内部で積層して共押出する方法、ベース層をいったん成形したのち、表面層の溶融原料を直接又は易接着層を介して押し出し、ベース層上に貼合（溶融ラミネート）して設ける方法、ベース層と表面層を個別に成形したのち、接着層を介して貼合（ドライラミネート）して設ける方法等が挙げられる。
<Lamination>
The stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention has a three-layer structure in which a surface layer exists on both sides of the base layer, whether it is a single layer or a two-layer structure of a base layer and a surface layer. Alternatively, it may have a multilayer structure in which another resin film layer exists between the base layer and the surface layer.
As a lamination method in which the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) has a multilayer structure of two or more layers, a base layer and a surface layer are used by using a multilayer T die or I die connected with two or more screw type extruders. A method of laminating the molten raw material inside the die and co-extrusion, once forming the base layer, extrude the molten raw material of the surface layer directly or through an easy-adhesion layer, and laminate (melt lamination) on the base layer And a method in which the base layer and the surface layer are separately formed and then bonded (dry lamination) via an adhesive layer.
＜延伸＞
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）は、１軸延伸乃至２軸延伸されたものである。延伸成形の具体例としてはスクリュ−型押出機を接続した単層または多層のＴダイやＩダイを使用して、溶融樹脂をシート状に押し出した後、ロ−ル群の周速差を利用した縦延伸で１軸延伸する方法、さらにこの後にテンターオーブンを使用した横延伸を組み合わせた逐次２軸延伸方法や、テンターオーブンとリニアモ−タ−の組み合わせによる同時２軸延伸方法、スクリュ−型押出機に接続された単層または多層のＯダイを使用して溶融樹脂を筒状に押し出した後、空気を吹き込むインフレーション成形方法などが挙げられる。
<Extension>
The stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention is uniaxially stretched or biaxially stretched. As a specific example of stretch molding, use a single-layer or multi-layer T-die or I-die connected with a screw type extruder to extrude the molten resin into a sheet, and then use the peripheral speed difference of the roll group A method of uniaxial stretching by longitudinal stretching, a subsequent biaxial stretching method combined with transverse stretching using a tenter oven, a simultaneous biaxial stretching method using a combination of a tenter oven and a linear motor, screw type extrusion Examples thereof include an inflation molding method in which air is blown after a molten resin is extruded into a cylindrical shape using a single-layer or multilayer O-die connected to a machine.
延伸温度は使用する熱可塑性樹脂の融点より２〜６０℃低い温度、ガラス転移点より２〜６０℃高い温度であり、樹脂がプロピレン単独重合体（融点１５５〜１６７℃）のときは９５〜１６５℃、ポリエチレンテレフタレート（ガラス転移点：約７０℃）のときは１００〜１３０℃が好ましい。また、延伸速度は２０〜３５０ｍ／分が好ましい。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）は上記の積層方法と延伸方法を組み合わせた方法で得ることができる。
The stretching temperature is 2 to 60 ° C. lower than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin used and 2 to 60 ° C. higher than the glass transition point. When the resin is a propylene homopolymer (melting point 155 to 167 ° C.), 95 to 165 is used. In the case of ° C and polyethylene terephthalate (glass transition point: about 70 ° C), 100 to 130 ° C is preferable. The stretching speed is preferably 20 to 350 m / min.
The stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention can be obtained by a method combining the above lamination method and stretching method.
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）中に発生させる空孔の量や大きさを調整するために、該フィルムの面積延伸倍率は、好ましくは３０〜８０倍の範囲であり、より好ましくは３５〜６０倍である。面積延伸倍率が３０〜８０倍の範囲内であれば、微細な空孔が充分に得られやすく、反射率の低下も抑えやすい。
本発明における面積延伸倍率とは、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の縦延伸倍率と横延伸倍率の積であって、特にフィルム（Ａ）中の最も延伸軸数の多い層のものを採用する。
In order to adjust the amount and size of pores generated in the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention, the area stretch ratio of the film is preferably in the range of 30 to 80 times, more preferably. 35 to 60 times. If the area stretch ratio is in the range of 30 to 80 times, it is easy to sufficiently obtain fine pores, and it is easy to suppress a decrease in reflectance.
The area stretch ratio in the present invention is a product of the longitudinal stretch ratio and the lateral stretch ratio of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A), and particularly the layer having the largest number of stretch axes in the film (A) is employed. .
本発明において熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）中に発生させる空孔の単位体積あたりの量は、「空孔率」として表記され、下記式（１）にしたがって計算される値を意味する。熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の空孔率は、好ましくは２５〜６０％の範囲とし、より好ましくは３０〜５８％とする。空孔率が２５〜６０％の範囲内であれば、反射率の低下も抑えやすい。同式中、ρ0はフィルム（Ａ）の真密度を表し、ρはフィルム（Ａ）の密度（ＪＩＳ−Ｐ−８１１８）を表す。フィルム（Ａ）の真密度ρ0は、延伸前の樹脂組成が多量の空気を含むものでない限り、その密度と等しい。 In the present invention, the amount per unit volume of pores generated in the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) is expressed as “porosity” and means a value calculated according to the following formula (1). The porosity of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) is preferably in the range of 25 to 60%, more preferably 30 to 58%. If the porosity is in the range of 25 to 60%, it is easy to suppress a decrease in reflectance. In the formula, ρ 0 represents the true density of the film (A), and ρ represents the density of the film (A) (JIS-P-8118). The true density ρ 0 of the film (A) is equal to the density unless the resin composition before stretching contains a large amount of air.
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）が多層構造である場合、個々の層の延伸軸数は、２層構造では１軸／１軸、１軸／２軸、２軸／２軸、３層構造では１軸／１軸／１軸、１軸／１軸／２軸、１軸／２軸／１軸、１軸／２軸／２軸、２軸／２軸／２軸であっても良く、それ以上の層構造の場合も、延伸軸数は任意に組み合わされる。
熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）が多層構造であり、それぞれの層が異なる延伸軸数を有するとしても、延伸前の樹脂組成物の密度と層構成比率（坪量比）、および延伸後の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の密度が分かれば、式（１）にて一義的に算出できる。
When the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention has a multilayer structure, the number of stretch axes of each layer is 1 axis / 1 axis, 1 axis / 2 axes, 2 axes / 2 axes, 3 In the layer structure, 1 axis / 1 axis / 1 axis, 1 axis / 1 axis / 2 axis, 1 axis / 2 axis / 1 axis, 1 axis / 2 axis / 2 axis, 2 axis / 2 axis / 2 axis, In the case of a layer structure having more than that, the number of stretching axes may be arbitrarily combined.
Even if the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) has a multilayer structure and each layer has a different number of stretch axes, the density and layer composition ratio (basis weight ratio) of the resin composition before stretching, and the heat after stretching If the density of the stretched plastic resin film (A) is known, it can be uniquely calculated by the formula (1).
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）は、好ましくはポリオレフィン系樹脂３０〜８０重量％、フィラー２０〜７０重量％を含み、より好ましくはポリオレフィン系樹脂５０〜７０重量％、フィラー３０〜５０重量％を含む。
熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）が多層構造であって、ベース層及び表面層がそれぞれフィラーを含有する場合は、ベース層はポリオレフィン系樹脂４０〜８５重量％、フィラー１５〜６０重量％を含み、表面層がポリオレフィン系樹脂２５〜７５重量％、フィラー２５〜７５重量％を含むのが好ましい。
熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）中に含有させるフィラーが総計７５重量％以下であれば、樹脂延伸フィルムの強度が高く、実地使用に十分に耐えるものが得られやすい傾向がある。フィラー含有量が２０重量％以上であれば、十分に空孔が発生するため、該空孔に起因する光反射性が得られやすい傾向がある。
The stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention preferably contains 30 to 80% by weight of polyolefin resin and 20 to 70% by weight of filler, more preferably 50 to 70% by weight of polyolefin resin and 30 to 50% by weight of filler. %including.
When the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) has a multilayer structure and each of the base layer and the surface layer contains a filler, the base layer contains polyolefin resin 40 to 85% by weight, filler 15 to 60% by weight, The surface layer preferably contains 25 to 75% by weight of polyolefin resin and 25 to 75% by weight of filler.
If the total amount of filler contained in the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) is 75% by weight or less, the stretched resin film has a high strength and tends to be easily obtained that can withstand practical use. If the filler content is 20% by weight or more, vacancies are sufficiently generated, and thus light reflectivity due to the vacancies tends to be obtained.
得られた延伸フィルムは、必要により熱処理（アニ−リング処理）を行い、結晶化の促進による延伸応力の緩和を行うことで、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の熱収縮率低減（寸法安定性向上）を図ることもできる。 The obtained stretched film is subjected to heat treatment (annealing treatment) if necessary, and the stretching stress is reduced by promoting crystallization, thereby reducing the thermal shrinkage rate (dimensional stability) of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A). Improvement).
＜帯電防止層の形成＞
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）は汚れ防止のために、その表面固有抵抗値を１．０×１０12Ω以下とすることが好ましい。所望の表面固有抵抗値を達成するためには、本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）に帯電防止層を設けることが好ましい。
熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）に設けうる帯電防止層は、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の表面に（光反射性に影響しない）無色の帯電防止剤を塗布により設ける方法、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の内部にブリードしにくい高分子型帯電防止剤を練り込む方法、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の裏面側に共役系、或いは無機系の帯電防止剤を塗布により設ける方法、等により形成することができる。
これらの中でも、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の表面に無色の帯電防止層を形成する方法としては、下記の通り、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の表面への酸化処理と帯電防止剤の塗工の組み合わせが例示できる。
<Formation of antistatic layer>
The stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention preferably has a surface resistivity of 1.0 × 10 12 Ω or less in order to prevent contamination. In order to achieve a desired surface resistivity, it is preferable to provide an antistatic layer on the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention.
The antistatic layer that can be provided on the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) is a method in which a colorless antistatic agent (not affecting light reflectivity) is applied to the surface of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) by coating; A method of kneading a polymer type antistatic agent that does not easily bleed into the film (A), a method of providing a conjugated or inorganic antistatic agent on the back side of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A), etc. Can be formed.
Among these, as a method of forming a colorless antistatic layer on the surface of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A), as described below, oxidation treatment on the surface of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) and antistatic agent The combination of coating can be illustrated.
＜酸化処理＞
表面酸化処理としては、フィルムに一般的に使用されるコロナ放電処理、フレ−ム処理、プラズマ処理、グロ−放電処理、オゾン処理などを単独または組み合わせて使用できる。これらのうちで好ましくはコロナ処理、フレ−ム処理であり、コロナ処理の場合、処理量は片面あたり６００〜１２，０００Ｊ／ｍ2（１０〜２００Ｗ・分／ｍ2）、好ましくは１，２００〜９,０００Ｊ／ｍ2（２０〜１５０Ｗ・分／ｍ2）が用いられる。
<Oxidation treatment>
As the surface oxidation treatment, corona discharge treatment, frame treatment, plasma treatment, glow discharge treatment, ozone treatment and the like generally used for films can be used alone or in combination. Of these, corona treatment and frame treatment are preferred, and in the case of corona treatment, the treatment amount is 600 to 12,000 J / m 2 (10 to 200 W · min / m 2 ) per side, preferably 1,200. ˜9,000 J / m 2 (20 to 150 W · min / m 2 ) is used.
＜帯電防止層＞
本発明では、農業用光反射シートの汚れ防止の目的から、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の少なくとも片面に、好ましくは両面に、塗布によりほぼ無色の帯電防止層を設けることが好ましい。用いる帯電防止剤は主として下記のプライマー、帯電防止ポリマーより選ばれたものであり、単独あるいは２成分以上の混合物である。フィルム（Ａ）との密着性向上と帯電防止性向上の観点から、帯電防止剤として好ましいものはプライマーと帯電防止ポリマーとの組み合わせである。
<Antistatic layer>
In the present invention, for the purpose of preventing soiling of the agricultural light reflecting sheet, it is preferable to provide an almost colorless antistatic layer by coating on at least one side, preferably both sides, of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A). The antistatic agent to be used is mainly selected from the following primer and antistatic polymer, and is used alone or as a mixture of two or more components. From the viewpoint of improving adhesion to the film (A) and improving antistatic properties, a combination of a primer and an antistatic polymer is preferable as the antistatic agent.
＜プライマー＞
プライマーとしては、例えば、ポリエチレンイミン、炭素数１〜１２のアルキル変性ポリエチレンイミン、ポリ（エチレンイミン−尿素）及びポリアミンポリアミドのエチレンイミン付加物及びポリアミンポリアミドのエピクロルヒドリン付加物等のポリエチレンイミン系重合体、アクリル酸アミド−アクリル酸エステル共重合体、アクリル酸アミド−アクリル酸エステル−メタクリル酸エステル共重合体、ポリアクリルアミドの誘導体、オキサゾリン基含有アクリル酸エステル系重合体及びポリアクリル酸エステル等のアクリル酸エステル系重合体、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレングリコ−ル、ポリビニルアルコール等の水溶性樹脂、またポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリウレタン、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、塩素化ポリプロピレン及びアクリロニトリル−ブタジエン共重合体等の水分散性樹脂等が用いられる。
これらの内で好ましくは、ポリエチレンイミン系重合体、ウレタン樹脂、ポリアクリル酸エステルであり、より好ましくはポリエチレンイミン系重合体であり、更に好ましくは重合度が２０〜３,０００のポリエチレンイミン、ポリアミンポリアミドのエチレンイミン付加体、ないしはこれらが炭素数１〜２４のハロゲン化アルキル、ハロゲン化アルケニル、ハロゲン化シクロアルキル、ハロゲン化ベンジル基によって変性された変性ポリエチレンイミンである。
<Primer>
Examples of the primer include polyethyleneimine, polyethyleneimine-based polymers such as polyethyleneimine, alkyl-modified polyethyleneimine having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, poly (ethyleneimine-urea) and polyaminepolyamide ethyleneimine adduct and polyaminepolyamide epichlorohydrin adduct, Acrylic acid amide-acrylic acid ester copolymer, acrylic acid amide-acrylic acid ester-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, polyacrylamide derivative, oxazoline group-containing acrylic acid ester polymer, and acrylic acid ester such as polyacrylic acid ester Polymers, water-soluble resins such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinylidene chloride, chlorine Polypropylene and acrylonitrile - water-dispersible resin such as butadiene copolymer.
Of these, polyethyleneimine polymers, urethane resins and polyacrylates are preferred, polyethyleneimine polymers are more preferred, and polyethyleneimines and polyamines having a polymerization degree of 20 to 3,000 are more preferred. An ethyleneimine adduct of polyamide or a modified polyethyleneimine modified with an alkyl halide having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an alkenyl halide, a cycloalkyl halide or a benzyl halide.
＜帯電防止ポリマー＞
帯電防止ポリマーとしては、カチオン系、アニオン系、両性系等の高分子型ものが挙げられ、カチオン系としては、四級アンモニウム塩構造やホスホニウム塩構造を有するポリマー、窒素含有アクリル系ポリマー、四級アンモニウム塩構造の窒素を有するアクリル系ないしはメタクリル系ポリマー、またアニオン系としては、スチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体ないしはそのアルカリ金属塩、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体のアルカリ金属塩ないしはエチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体のアルカリ金属塩、また両性系としては、ベタイン構造の窒素を有するアクリル系ないしはメタクリル系ポリマーなどが挙げられ、特に四級アンモニウム塩構造の窒素を有するアクリル系ないしはメタクリル系ポリマーが好ましい。
アクリル系ないしはメタクリル系の帯電防止ポリマーの分子量は、重合温度、重合開始剤の種類及び量、溶剤使用量、連鎖移動剤等の重合条件により任意のレベルとすることができる。一般には得られる重合体の分子量は１,０００〜１,０００,０００であるが、中でも１,０００〜５００,０００の範囲が塗工容易性、耐水性の観点から好ましい。本発明の帯電防止剤は、必要に応じて以下の任意成分を含有してもよい。
<Antistatic polymer>
Examples of the antistatic polymer include polymer types such as cationic, anionic, and amphoteric, and the cationic type includes a polymer having a quaternary ammonium salt structure or a phosphonium salt structure, a nitrogen-containing acrylic polymer, or a quaternary. Acrylic or methacrylic polymers having nitrogen of ammonium salt structure, and as anionic type, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer or alkali metal salt thereof, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer alkali metal salt or ethylene-methacrylic acid Examples of the alkali metal salt of the copolymer and the amphoteric system include acrylic or methacrylic polymers having a betaine nitrogen, and particularly preferred are acrylic or methacrylic polymers having a quaternary ammonium salt nitrogen.
The molecular weight of the acrylic or methacrylic antistatic polymer can be set to any level depending on the polymerization conditions such as the polymerization temperature, the type and amount of the polymerization initiator, the amount of solvent used, and the chain transfer agent. In general, the molecular weight of the obtained polymer is 1,000 to 1,000,000, and among these, the range of 1,000 to 500,000 is preferable from the viewpoint of easy coating and water resistance. The antistatic agent of this invention may contain the following arbitrary components as needed.
＜任意成分＞
任意成分１：架橋剤
帯電防止剤に架橋剤を添加することにより、プライマーや帯電防止剤同士が架橋され、さらに塗膜強度や耐水性を向上させることができる。架橋剤としては、グリシジルエーテル、グリシジルエステル等のエポキシ系化合物、エポキシ樹脂、イソシアネ−ト系、オキサゾリン系、ホルマリン系、ヒドラジド系等の水分散型樹脂が挙げられる。架橋剤の添加量は、通常、上記の帯電防止剤の溶媒を除いた固形成分１００重量部に対して１００重量部以下の範囲である。
<Optional component>
Optional component 1: Cross-linking agent By adding a cross-linking agent to the antistatic agent, the primer and the antistatic agent are cross-linked, and the coating strength and water resistance can be further improved. Examples of the crosslinking agent include water-dispersed resins such as epoxy compounds such as glycidyl ether and glycidyl ester, epoxy resins, isocyanates, oxazolines, formalins, and hydrazides. The addition amount of the crosslinking agent is usually in the range of 100 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid component excluding the antistatic agent solvent.
任意成分２：アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩
帯電防止剤には帯電防止効果をより向上させるため、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩を添加しても良く、同塩としては水溶性の無機塩、例えば、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、亜硫酸ナトリウム、その他のアルカリ性塩、及び塩化ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、硝酸ナトリウム、トリポリ燐酸ナトリウム、ピロ燐酸ナトリウム、アンモニウム明礬等が挙げられる。金属塩の添加量は、通常、上記の帯電防止剤の溶媒を除いた固形成分１００重量部に対して５０重量部以下である。
Optional component 2: Alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt In order to further improve the antistatic effect of the antistatic agent, an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt may be added. Inorganic salts such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium sulfite, other alkaline salts, and sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, ammonium alum and the like can be mentioned. The addition amount of the metal salt is usually 50 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid component excluding the antistatic agent solvent.
任意成分３：その他助剤
帯電防止剤には、更に、界面活性剤、消泡剤、水溶性或いは水分散性の微粉末物質その他の助剤を含ませることもできる。助剤の添加量は、通常、上記の帯電防止剤の溶媒を除いた固形成分１００重量部に対して２０重量部以下である。
上記帯電防止層の各成分は、水、或いはメチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール等の親水性溶剤に溶解ないしは分散させてから用いるものであるが、中でも水溶液の形態で用いるのが好ましい。溶液の固形分濃度は通常０．１〜２０重量％、好ましくは０．１〜１０重量％程度である。
Optional component 3: Other auxiliary agent The antistatic agent may further contain a surfactant, an antifoaming agent, a water-soluble or water-dispersible fine powder substance and other auxiliary agents. The amount of the auxiliary added is usually 20 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid component excluding the solvent for the above-mentioned antistatic agent.
Each component of the antistatic layer is used after being dissolved or dispersed in water or a hydrophilic solvent such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, etc. Among them, it is preferably used in the form of an aqueous solution. The solid concentration of the solution is usually about 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 10% by weight.
＜帯電防止層の形成＞
熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）上に帯電防止層を形成する方法としては、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）上に上記帯電防止剤を、ダイコーター、バーコーター、リップコーター、ロールコーター、グラビアコーター、スプレーコーター、ブレードコーター、リバースコーター、エアーナイフコーター、サイズプレスコーター等、またはこれらの組み合わせにより塗布し、必要によりスムージングを行い、乾燥工程を経て余分な水や親水性溶剤が除去して乾燥する方法が挙げられる。帯電防止剤の塗工量は乾燥後の固形分として片面あたり通常０．００５〜５ｇ／ｍ2、好ましくは０．０１〜２ｇ／ｍ2である。
<Formation of antistatic layer>
As a method for forming the antistatic layer on the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A), the above-mentioned antistatic agent is applied to the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) by a die coater, bar coater, lip coater, roll coater, gravure coater. Apply by spray coater, blade coater, reverse coater, air knife coater, size press coater, etc., or a combination of these, smooth as necessary, and dry after removing excess water and hydrophilic solvent through the drying process A method is mentioned. The coating amount of the antistatic agent is usually 0.005~5g / m 2 per side as solid content after drying is preferably 0.01 to 2 g / m 2.
＜熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の光学物性＞
本発明に用いられる熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の、後述する方法で測定される反射率Ｒ１は７０〜１００％であり、好ましくは７０〜９５％である。熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の反射率Ｒ１が７０％以上であれば、太陽光の入射光を効率よく反射することができ、本発明の農業用光反射シートの目的とする果実の色づきを効率的に達成できる。
フィルム（Ａ）の後述する方法で測定される拡散反射率Ｒ２は、更にＪＩＳ−Ｚ−８７２２条件記載の方法に従って光トラップを用いて、波長４００〜７００ｎｍの範囲で測定した各波長の反射率の平均値を意味する。
本発明に用いられる熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の、後述する方法で算出される正反射率Ｒ３は０．１〜４％であり、好ましくは０．２〜２％である。光の反射率Ｒ１に占める拡散反射率Ｒ２の割合を極力増やすために、正反射率Ｒ３は小さいほど（ゼロに近いほど）好ましいが、粒径分布が極めて狭いフィラーなど、特殊な材料や製造方法を必要とするためコスト面から好ましくない。正反射率Ｒ３が４％を超えては拡散反射率Ｒ２の割合が低下し、果実の色づきにむらを生じやすいばかりか、太陽光反射によるハレーションが強くなりすぎるために、農作業者が眩しく感じるようになり好ましくない。
<Optical properties of stretched thermoplastic resin film (A)>
The stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) used in the present invention has a reflectance R1 measured by the method described later of 70 to 100%, preferably 70 to 95%. If the reflectance R1 of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) is 70% or more, the incident light of sunlight can be efficiently reflected, and the desired fruit coloring of the agricultural light reflecting sheet of the present invention can be obtained. Can be achieved efficiently.
The diffuse reflectance R2 measured by the method to be described later of the film (A) is the reflectance of each wavelength measured in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm using an optical trap according to the method described in JIS-Z-8722 conditions. Mean value.
The regular reflectance R3 calculated by the method to be described later of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) used in the present invention is 0.1 to 4%, preferably 0.2 to 2%. In order to increase the ratio of the diffuse reflectance R2 in the light reflectance R1 as much as possible, the smaller the regular reflectance R3 (the closer it is to zero), the more preferable, but a special material such as a filler having a very narrow particle size distribution or a manufacturing method. Is not preferable from the viewpoint of cost. When the regular reflectance R3 exceeds 4%, the ratio of the diffuse reflectance R2 decreases, and it is easy to cause unevenness in the coloration of the fruit, and because the halation due to sunlight reflection becomes too strong, the farmer feels dazzling It is not preferable.
＜熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の表面の山数＞
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）は、表面近傍に形成される空孔により、表面に多数の微細な凹凸が形成される。該凹凸は拡散反射に寄与するものであり、その量は表面粗さの測定より山数として把握することができる。フィルム（Ａ）は、後述する方法で測定される０.１ｍｍ2あたりの山数が１〜６であることが好ましく、３〜５であることがより好ましい。山数が１以上であれば所期の拡散反射率が得られやすい傾向がある。また、山数が６以下であれば光反射率を高い値に維持し、フィラー過多によるフィルム（Ａ）強度低下を防ぎやすい傾向がある。
<The number of peaks on the surface of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A)>
In the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention, a number of fine irregularities are formed on the surface due to pores formed in the vicinity of the surface. The unevenness contributes to diffuse reflection, and the amount can be grasped as the number of peaks from the measurement of the surface roughness. In the film (A), the number of peaks per 0.1 mm 2 measured by a method described later is preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 3 to 5. If the number of peaks is 1 or more, the desired diffuse reflectance tends to be obtained. Further, if the number of peaks is 6 or less, the light reflectance tends to be maintained at a high value, and the film (A) strength tends to be prevented from being lowered due to excessive filler.
＜熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の表面固有抵抗値＞
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）は、後述する方法で測定される表面固有抵抗値が１．０×１０12Ω以下であることが好ましく、１．０×１０11Ω以下であることがより好ましい。１．０×１０12Ω以下であれば、帯電防止性能が高いためホコリ等の付着を防ぎやすい傾向がある。
<Surface specific resistance value of stretched thermoplastic resin film (A)>
The stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention preferably has a surface resistivity measured by a method described later of 1.0 × 10 12 Ω or less, and 1.0 × 10 11 Ω or less. Is more preferable. If it is 1.0 × 10 12 Ω or less, since antistatic performance is high, there is a tendency that adhesion of dust and the like is easily prevented.
＜熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の水接触角＞
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）は、後述する方法で測定される表面の水接触角が６０°以上であることが好ましく、８０°以上であることがより好ましい。水接触角が６０°以上であれば十分な撥水性が得られやすく、水に対するなじみが良すぎることによる水汚れの拡がりを防ぎやすい傾向がある。
<Water contact angle of stretched thermoplastic resin film (A)>
The stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) of the present invention preferably has a surface water contact angle of 60 ° or more, more preferably 80 ° or more, measured by a method described later. If the water contact angle is 60 ° or more, sufficient water repellency is likely to be obtained, and there is a tendency to prevent the spread of water stains due to too good familiarity with water.
遮光材（Ｂ）
本発明では遮光材（Ｂ）として、着色した織布または不織布から選ばれた材料を用いる。これらを貼合することで、本発明の農業用光反射シートに遮光性および引裂耐性等の耐久性を付与することができる。
Shading material (B)
In the present invention, a material selected from a colored woven fabric or a non-woven fabric is used as the light shielding material (B). By bonding these, durability, such as light-shielding property and tear resistance, can be imparted to the agricultural light reflecting sheet of the present invention.
＜織布＞
本発明の遮光材（Ｂ）に用いうる織布としては、経糸と緯糸とを１本おきに交差させる平織法、経糸と緯糸が２本またはそれ以上連続して織られる綾織法、経糸と緯糸が５本以上から構成される朱子（しゅす）織法などが採用される。
織布を構成する経糸、緯糸の素材としては、ナイロン６、ナイロン６，６、アラミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテフタレート、ポリアリレート、木綿、レーヨン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリフッ化エチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等の繊維が利用できる。経糸、緯糸の径は、それぞれ２０〜１５０デニールで、同一径であっても、異なった径であっても良いが、同一径の方が平滑性の面から好ましい。
織布の坪量は、経糸、緯糸の密度、径、織り込み数に依存するが、通常は５０〜２００ｇ／ｍ2であり、好ましくは５０〜１００ｇ／ｍ2である。
<Woven fabric>
Examples of the woven fabric that can be used for the light-shielding material (B) of the present invention include a plain weaving method in which every other warp and weft intersect, a twill weaving method in which two or more warps and wefts are continuously woven, warp and weft For example, a weaving method consisting of five or more is used.
The material of the warp and weft constituting the woven fabric is nylon 6, nylon 6,6, aramid, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyarylate, cotton, rayon, polyacrylonitrile, polyfluorinated ethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene chloride Fibers such as polyvinylidene fluoride can be used. The diameters of the warp and the weft are 20 to 150 deniers, which may be the same or different, but the same diameter is preferred from the viewpoint of smoothness.
The basis weight of the woven fabric depends on the density of warp and weft, the diameter, and the number of weaving, but is usually 50 to 200 g / m 2 , preferably 50 to 100 g / m 2 .
＜不織布＞
本発明の遮光材（Ｂ）に用いうる不織布としては、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ポリアミド繊維、ビニロン繊維、アラミド繊維、ポリウレタン繊維等の合成繊維等から形成された不織布が挙げられ、いずれも好適に使用することができる。不織布の製造法としては、ケミカルボンド法、ファイバーボンド法、メルトブロー法、スパンボンド法、フラッシュ紡糸法等の一般的な製造法を採用することができる。
不織布の坪量は、使用する材料に依存するが、通常は２０〜１００ｇ／ｍ2であり、好ましくは２０〜５０ｇ／ｍ2である。坪量が２０ｇ／ｍ2以上であれば、高い引裂耐性が得られやすい傾向があり、坪量が１００ｇ／ｍ2以下であれば、コストを抑えることができるとともに、収納および運搬時の作業性が良くなる傾向がある。
<Nonwoven fabric>
Examples of the nonwoven fabric that can be used for the light-shielding material (B) of the present invention include nonwoven fabrics formed from polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, vinylon fibers, aramid fibers, polyurethane fibers, and the like. Any of these can be suitably used. As a method for producing the nonwoven fabric, general production methods such as a chemical bond method, a fiber bond method, a melt blow method, a spun bond method, and a flash spinning method can be employed.
Although the basic weight of a nonwoven fabric is dependent on the material to be used, it is 20-100 g / m < 2 > normally, Preferably it is 20-50 g / m < 2 >. If the basis weight is 20 g / m 2 or more, high tear resistance tends to be obtained, and if the basis weight is 100 g / m 2 or less, the cost can be reduced and workability during storage and transportation is also possible. Tends to improve.
＜遮光材（Ｂ）への遮光性付与＞
本発明の用途においては、農業用光反射シートを介した光の裏抜けを防止し、該シート下の雑草の成長を抑制する目的から、遮光材（Ｂ）へ遮光性を付与する。遮光性付与には、着色した遮光材（Ｂ）を使用する。遮光材（Ｂ）の着色手法としては、一般的な着色手法が採用可能である。例えば、色材の練込及び／又は染色手法により着色した紡績糸または繊維を使用して、織布または不織布を製造する手法、或いは織布または不織布製造後にこれを染色あるいは印刷手法により着色する手法等が挙げられる。
これらの着色は黒色で行われることが好ましい。着色した遮光材（Ｂ）は、不透明度が２０％以上であることが好ましく、３０％以上であることがより好ましい。不透明度はＪＩＳ−Ｐ−８１４９に準拠し、標準黒色板を裏当てして測定した視感反射率を、標準白色板を裏当てして測定した固有視感反射率にて除した値を百分率で算出したものである。
また着色した遮光材（Ｂ）の色濃度は、光反射濃度計「マクベス濃度計」（商品名、コルモーゲン社製（米国））にて測定されるマクベス濃度として１．２以上であることが好ましく、１．４以上であることがより好ましい。
<Providing light shielding properties to the light shielding material (B)>
In the application of the present invention, light shielding properties are imparted to the light shielding material (B) for the purpose of preventing light penetration through an agricultural light reflecting sheet and suppressing the growth of weeds under the sheet. A colored light shielding material (B) is used for imparting light shielding properties. As a coloring method of the light shielding material (B), a general coloring method can be adopted. For example, a method for producing a woven or non-woven fabric using a spun yarn or fiber colored by a kneading and / or dyeing method of a coloring material, or a method for coloring this by a dyeing or printing method after the production of the woven or non-woven fabric Etc.
These colorings are preferably performed in black. The colored light shielding material (B) preferably has an opacity of 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more. The opacity is based on JIS-P-8149, and the percentage obtained by dividing the luminous reflectance measured by backing a standard black plate by the intrinsic luminous reflectance measured by backing a standard white plate is a percentage. It was calculated by.
The color density of the colored light-shielding material (B) is preferably 1.2 or more as the Macbeth density measured by a light reflection densitometer “Macbeth densitometer” (trade name, manufactured by Kolmorgen (USA)). 1.4 or more is more preferable.
農業用光反射シート
＜積層貼合手法＞
熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）と、織布または不織布よりなる遮光材（Ｂ）との積層貼合し、本発明の農業用光反射シートを得る方法としては、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）上に、ホットメルト型接着剤あるいは溶剤系接着剤等の接着剤を、塗布、スプレー、散布、溶融押出ラミ等の手法により接着層として設け、これを介して貼合するドライラミネート等、または熱融着性フィルム、溶融押出フィルムを用いた溶融ラミネート等の通常の手法により行うことができる。ホットメルト型接着剤または溶剤系接着剤としては、ポリエチレン、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体等のポリオレフィン系、ポリアミド系、ポリブチラール系、ポリウレタン系などを例示できる。上記接着剤の塗工・貼合せは、ビート塗工、スロット塗工、カーテン塗工、グラビア塗工、メイヤバー塗工等が好適に使用できる。
本発明の農業用光反射シートにおける熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の厚みは３０〜１０００μｍが好ましく、４０〜３００μｍがより好ましく、５０〜１５０μｍがさらに好ましい。また、本発明の農業用光反射シートにおける遮光材（Ｂ）の厚みは３０〜１０００μｍが好ましく、４０〜５００μｍがより好ましく、５０〜２５０μｍがさらに好ましい。
Agricultural light reflection sheet <Lamination bonding method>
As a method of laminating and laminating the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) and the light shielding material (B) made of woven or non-woven fabric to obtain the agricultural light reflecting sheet of the present invention, the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) On top of this, an adhesive such as a hot-melt adhesive or a solvent-based adhesive is provided as an adhesive layer by a technique such as coating, spraying, spraying, melt-extrusion laminating, etc. It can be performed by a usual method such as a melt-lamination using a fusible film or a melt-extruded film. Examples of the hot-melt adhesive or solvent-based adhesive include polyethylene, polyolefins such as ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, polyamides, polybutyral, polyurethanes, and the like. For the application / bonding of the adhesive, beat coating, slot coating, curtain coating, gravure coating, Mayer bar coating, and the like can be suitably used.
30-1000 micrometers is preferable, as for the thickness of the thermoplastic resin stretched film (A) in the light reflection sheet for agriculture of this invention, 40-300 micrometers is more preferable, and 50-150 micrometers is more preferable. Moreover, 30-1000 micrometers is preferable, as for the thickness of the light shielding material (B) in the light reflection sheet for agriculture of this invention, 40-500 micrometers is more preferable, and 50-250 micrometers is more preferable.
＜農業用光反射シートの光学物性＞
本発明の農業用光反射シートは、後述する方法で測定される光線透過率が０〜１０％の範囲である。０〜８％であることが好ましい。光線透過率が１０％以下であれば、光の遮蔽性が高いため、反射シート直下の雑草の成長阻害性能も高くなる傾向がある。
<Optical properties of light reflecting sheet for agriculture>
The agricultural light reflecting sheet of the present invention has a light transmittance measured by a method described later in the range of 0 to 10%. It is preferable that it is 0 to 8%. If the light transmittance is 10% or less, the light blocking property is high, so that the growth inhibition performance of weeds directly under the reflective sheet tends to be high.
以下に実施例、比較例および試験例を記載して、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。以下に示す材料、使用量、割合、操作等は、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限り適時変更することができる。従って、本発明の範囲は以下に示す具体例に制限されるものではない。なお、本実施例に使用した材料を後掲の表１にまとめて示す。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically by describing examples, comparative examples and test examples. The materials, amounts used, ratios, operations, and the like shown below can be changed in a timely manner without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific examples shown below. The materials used in this example are shown in Table 1 below.
［Ｉ］熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の製造
（製造例１）
プロピレン単独重合体（ＰＰ１）８１重量％、高密度ポリエチレン（ＨＤＰＥ）３重量％、及び炭酸カルシウム１６重量％を混合した組成物（Ａ１）を、２７０℃の温度に設定した押出機にて溶融混練した後、これをダイよりシート状に押し出し、更に冷却装置により冷却して、無延伸シートを得た。次いで、このシートを１５０℃の温度にまで再度加熱した後、周速の異なるロール群を用いて縦方向５倍の延伸を行い、５倍縦延伸フィルム（ベース層）を得た。
さらに表面層として、プロピレン単独重合体（ＰＰ３）５４重量％と、炭酸カルシウム４６重量％を混合した組成物（Ａ２）を別の押出機にて２７０℃で溶融混練した後、これをダイよりシート状に押出し、上記工程で得た５倍縦延伸フィルムの両面に積層して、３層構造の積層フィルムを得た。次いで、この３層構造の積層フィルムを６０℃の温度にまで冷却した後、オーブンにより１５５℃の温度にまで再加熱し、テンターを用いて横方向に７．５倍延伸し（面積延伸倍率：３７．５倍）、１６５℃の温度でアニーリング処理し、６０℃の温度にまで冷却し、耳部をスリットして、３層構造（一軸延伸／二軸延伸／一軸延伸）の厚み６０μｍ（Ａ２／Ａ１／Ａ２＝１５μｍ／３０μｍ／１５μｍ）の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルムで、総フィラー含有量３１重量％、白色度９６％、不透明度９５％、空孔率４１％、密度０．７８ｇ／ｃｍ3、反射率Ｒ１が８０％、正反射率Ｒ３が０．３％、山数４．８の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を得た。
[I] Production of stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) (Production Example 1)
A composition (A1) in which 81% by weight of a propylene homopolymer (PP1), 3% by weight of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and 16% by weight of calcium carbonate are mixed and melt-kneaded in an extruder set at a temperature of 270 ° C. Then, this was extruded into a sheet form from a die and further cooled by a cooling device to obtain an unstretched sheet. Next, the sheet was heated again to a temperature of 150 ° C., and then stretched 5 times in the machine direction using a group of rolls having different peripheral speeds to obtain a 5 times longitudinally stretched film (base layer).
Further, as a surface layer, a composition (A2) obtained by mixing 54% by weight of a propylene homopolymer (PP3) and 46% by weight of calcium carbonate was melt-kneaded at 270 ° C. in another extruder, and this was then sheeted from a die. And laminated on both sides of the 5-fold longitudinally stretched film obtained in the above step to obtain a laminated film having a three-layer structure. Next, the laminated film having the three-layer structure was cooled to a temperature of 60 ° C., then reheated to a temperature of 155 ° C. by an oven, and stretched 7.5 times in the transverse direction using a tenter (area stretch ratio: 37.5 times), annealing treatment at a temperature of 165 ° C., cooling to a temperature of 60 ° C., slitting the ear portion, and a thickness of 60 μm (A2) of a three-layer structure (uniaxial stretching / biaxial stretching / uniaxial stretching) / A1 / A2 = 15 μm / 30 μm / 15 μm) stretched thermoplastic resin film, total filler content 31 wt%, whiteness 96%, opacity 95%, porosity 41%, density 0.78 g / cm 3 A stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) having a reflectance R1 of 80%, a regular reflectance R3 of 0.3%, and a peak number of 4.8 was obtained.
さらに、このシートの両面に、印加エネルギー密度９０Ｗ・分／ｍ2にてコロナ放電処理を行い、ついでこのシートの両面に、ブチル変性ポリエチレンイミン、ポリアミンポリアミドのエチレンイミン付加物、およびアルキル側鎖に第４級アンモニウム塩構造を有するアクリル酸アルキルエステル系重合体（商品名：サフトマーＳＴ−１１００、三菱化学（株）製）を固形分換算でそれぞれ等量含む混合物よりなる水溶液を、ロールコーターを用いて、乾燥後の塗工量が片面あたり約０．１ｇ／ｍ2となるように塗工し、乾燥して帯電防止層を形成し、帯電防止性能を有する熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）であって、表面固有抵抗値１×１０10Ω、水接触角９２°の熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を得た。 Furthermore, both sides of this sheet were subjected to corona discharge treatment at an applied energy density of 90 W · min / m 2 , and then butyl-modified polyethyleneimine, polyamine polyamide ethyleneimine adduct, and alkyl side chains were applied to both sides of this sheet. A roll coater was used to prepare an aqueous solution composed of a mixture containing an equal amount of an alkyl acrylate polymer having a quaternary ammonium salt structure (trade name: Saftmer ST-1100, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) in terms of solid content. Then, the coating amount after drying is about 0.1 g / m 2 per side, dried to form an antistatic layer, and a stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) having antistatic performance Thus, a stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) having a surface specific resistance value of 1 × 10 10 Ω and a water contact angle of 92 ° was obtained.
（製造例２、３）
各組成物の押出量を変更し、製造例１のフィルム厚みを表２に記載の数値に変更した以外は、製造例１と同様の手法で、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を製造した。得られたフィルム（Ａ）の物性値を合わせて表２に示す。
(Production Examples 2 and 3)
A stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the extrusion amount of each composition was changed and the film thickness in Production Example 1 was changed to the numerical values shown in Table 2. The physical properties of the obtained film (A) are shown together in Table 2.
（製造例４、８）
テンターのレールパターンを変更し、製造例１の延伸倍率を表２に記載の数値に変更した以外は、製造例１と同様の手法で、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を製造した。得られたフィルム（Ａ）の物性値を合わせて表２に示す。
(Production Examples 4 and 8)
A stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the tenter rail pattern was changed and the draw ratio in Production Example 1 was changed to the numerical values shown in Table 2. The physical properties of the obtained film (A) are shown together in Table 2.
（製造例５〜７）
製造例１の組成物（Ａ１）および組成物（Ａ２）の原料組成比を表２に示す数値に変更した以外は、製造例１と同様の手法で、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を製造した。得られたフィルム（Ａ）の物性値を合わせて表２に示す。
(Production Examples 5-7)
A stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) is produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the raw material composition ratio of Composition (A1) and Composition (A2) in Production Example 1 is changed to the values shown in Table 2. did. The physical properties of the obtained film (A) are shown together in Table 2.
（製造例９）
再公表特許第２００３／０１８３０６号パンフレットの実施例１に記載された方法に準じて、白色フィルムを製造し、これを熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）とした。
即ち、プロピレン単独重合体（ＰＰ２；ＭＦＲ＝２．０ｇ／１０分、密度０．９０ｇ／ｃｍ3）９２重量％、ポリブチレンテレフタレート（ＰＢＴ；融点２２４℃）６重量％、酸化チタン２重量％を配合して押出機で溶融混練した後、これをダイよりシート状に押し出し、更に冷却装置により冷却して、厚み１．０ｍｍの無延伸シートを形成した。
次いで、このシートを１３５℃の温度に設定した周速の異なるロール群（ロール延伸機）を用いて再度加熱した後、縦方向５倍の延伸を行い、５倍縦延伸フィルムを得た。
次いで、縦延伸フィルムをオーブンにより１５５℃の温度にまで再加熱し、テンター延伸機を用いて横方向（幅方向）に５倍延伸し（面積延伸倍率：２５倍）、冷却し、耳部をスリットして、厚み４０μｍの白色フィルムを得て、これを熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）とした。物性を表２に示す。
(Production Example 9)
A white film was produced according to the method described in Example 1 of the republished Patent No. 2003/018306 pamphlet, and this was used as a stretched thermoplastic resin film (A).
That is, propylene homopolymer (PP2; MFR = 2.0 g / 10 min, density 0.90 g / cm 3 ) 92% by weight, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT; melting point 224 ° C.) 6% by weight, titanium oxide 2% by weight After blending and melt-kneading with an extruder, this was extruded into a sheet form from a die and further cooled by a cooling device to form an unstretched sheet having a thickness of 1.0 mm.
Next, the sheet was heated again using a group of rolls having different peripheral speeds (roll stretching machine) set at a temperature of 135 ° C., and then stretched 5 times in the longitudinal direction to obtain a 5 times longitudinally stretched film.
Next, the longitudinally stretched film is reheated to a temperature of 155 ° C. in an oven, stretched 5 times in the transverse direction (width direction) using a tenter stretching machine (area stretching ratio: 25 times), cooled, and the ears are A white film having a thickness of 40 μm was obtained by slitting, and this was used as a stretched thermoplastic resin film (A). The physical properties are shown in Table 2.
（製造例１０）
製造例１の組成物（Ａ２）の組成を表１に示す原料および表２に示す数値に変更し、酸化処理および帯電防止層塗工を行わない以外は、製造例１と同様の手法で、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を製造した。得られたフィルム（Ａ）の物性値を合わせて表２に示す。
(Production Example 10)
In the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the composition of Production Example 1 (A2) was changed to the raw materials shown in Table 1 and the numerical values shown in Table 2, and oxidation treatment and antistatic layer coating were not performed. A stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) was produced. The physical properties of the obtained film (A) are shown together in Table 2.
（製造例１１）
製造例１において、酸化処理および帯電防止層塗工を行わない以外は、製造例１と同様な手法で、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を製造した。得られたフィルム（Ａ）の物性値を合わせて表２に示す。
(Production Example 11)
In Production Example 1, a stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the oxidation treatment and antistatic layer coating were not performed. The physical properties of the obtained film (A) are shown together in Table 2.
[ＩＩ] 農業用光反射シートの製造
（実施例１）
製造例１で得た帯電防止性能を有する熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を用い、その片面に接着剤としてポリエステル系アンカーコート剤（商品名：ＡＤ−５０３、東洋モートン（株）製）を４ｇ／ｍ2（固型分の割合）塗布し、これに遮光材（Ｂ）として市販の黒色（着色）ポリエステル系スパンボンド不織布（商品名：マリックス９０３０３ＫＳＯ黒、ユニチカ（株）製、坪量３０ｇ／ｍ2、基材厚み２１０μｍ、不透明度３４％、マクベス濃度１．４２）を積層貼合し圧着して、農業用光反射シートを得た。評価結果を表２に示す。
[II] Production of agricultural light reflecting sheet (Example 1)
Using the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) having antistatic properties obtained in Production Example 1, 4 g of a polyester anchor coating agent (trade name: AD-503, manufactured by Toyo Morton Co., Ltd.) as an adhesive on one surface thereof. / M 2 (proportion of solid component), and a black (colored) polyester-based spunbonded nonwoven fabric (trade name: Marix 90303 KSO black, manufactured by Unitika Ltd., basis weight 30 g /) as a light shielding material (B). m 2 , substrate thickness 210 μm, opacity 34%, Macbeth concentration 1.42) were laminated and pressure-bonded to obtain an agricultural light reflecting sheet. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
（実施例２〜７）
実施例１における熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を、表２記載のフィルムに変更した以外は、製造例１と同様な方法で農業用光反射シートを得た。評価結果を表２に示す。
(Examples 2 to 7)
An agricultural light reflecting sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) in Example 1 was changed to the film described in Table 2. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
（比較例１〜４）
実施例１における熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を、表２記載のフィルムに変更した以外は、製造例１と同様な方法で農業用光反射シートを得た。評価結果を表２に示す。
(Comparative Examples 1-4)
An agricultural light reflecting sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) in Example 1 was changed to the film described in Table 2. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
（比較例５）
実施例１における遮光材（Ｂ）を、市販の白色（自然色）ポリエステル系スパンボンド不織布（商品名：マリックス９０３０３ＷＳＯ白、ユニチカ（株）製、坪量３０ｇ／ｍ2、基材厚み２１０μｍ、不透明度８０％、マクベス濃度０．１５）に変更した以外は、実施例１と同様な方法で農業用光反射シートを得た。評価結果を表２に示す。
(Comparative Example 5)
The light-shielding material (B) in Example 1 is a commercially available white (natural color) polyester-based spunbonded nonwoven fabric (trade name: Marix 90303 WSO white, manufactured by Unitika Ltd., basis weight 30 g / m 2 , substrate thickness 210 μm, An agricultural light reflecting sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the transparency was changed to 80% and the Macbeth concentration was 0.15). The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
[ＩＩＩ]評価例
（反射率Ｒ１、拡散反射率Ｒ２、正反射率Ｒ３）
ＪＩＳ−Ｋ−７１０５に準拠し、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）の光波長４００〜７００ｎｍにおける反射率および拡散反射率を、分光光度計（型番：Ｕ−３３１０、（株）日立製作所製）を用いて測定し、各波長における数値を平均して反射率Ｒ１および拡散反射率Ｒ２とした。さらに正反射率は、各波長における反射率および拡散反射率から下記式にて計算し、各波長における数値を平均して正反射率Ｒ３とした。結果を表２に示す。
[III] Evaluation examples (reflectance R1, diffuse reflectance R2, regular reflectance R3)
In accordance with JIS-K-7105, the spectrophotometer (model number: U-3310, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) is used to determine the reflectance and diffuse reflectance at a light wavelength of 400 to 700 nm of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A). The values at each wavelength were averaged to obtain reflectance R1 and diffuse reflectance R2. Further, the regular reflectance was calculated from the reflectance and diffuse reflectance at each wavelength by the following formula, and the numerical values at each wavelength were averaged to obtain regular reflectance R3. The results are shown in Table 2.
（山数）
ＪＩＳ−Ｂ−０６０１に準拠し、三次元粗さ測定装置（型番：ＳＥ−３ＡＫ、(株)小坂研究所製）および解析装置（型番：ＳＰＡ−１１、(株)小坂研究所製）を使用し、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）表面における標準面積０.１ｍｍ2中における山数（ピークアカウント，ＳＰｃ）を測定した。結果を表２に示す。
(Number of mountains)
In accordance with JIS-B-0601, a three-dimensional roughness measuring device (model number: SE-3AK, manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory) and an analyzer (model number: SPA-11, manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory) are used. The number of peaks (peak account, SPc) in the standard area 0.1 mm 2 on the surface of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
（接触角）
接触角測定器（型番：ＣＡ−Ｄ、協和界面科学（株）製）を使用し、純水を熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）表面に滴下して１分後の水接触角を測定した。この測定を１０回行い（１回の測定毎に表面が濡れていない未測定のフィルムに交換）測定した接触角の平均値を求めた。当該値６０°以上を合格レベルとした。結果を表２に示す。
(Contact angle)
Using a contact angle measuring device (model number: CA-D, manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.), pure water was dropped on the surface of the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A), and the water contact angle after 1 minute was measured. This measurement was performed 10 times (replaced with an unmeasured film whose surface was not wet for each measurement), and the average value of the measured contact angles was determined. The said value 60 degree or more was made into the pass level. The results are shown in Table 2.
（表面固有抵抗）
ＪＩＳ−Ｋ−６９１１に準拠し、熱可塑性樹脂延伸フィルム（Ａ）を２３℃の温度、相対湿度５０％の雰囲気下で２時間以上状態調節した後、該フィルム（Ａ）表面（帯電防止剤塗布面）を絶縁計（型番：ＤＳＭ−８１０３、東亜電波工業（株）社製）にて測定した。当該値１×１０12Ω以下を合格レベルとした。結果を表２に示す。
(Surface resistivity)
In accordance with JIS-K-6911, the stretched thermoplastic resin film (A) was conditioned for 2 hours or more in an atmosphere of 23 ° C. and 50% relative humidity, and then the surface of the film (A) (antistatic agent applied) Surface) was measured with an insulation meter (model number: DSM-8103, manufactured by Toa Denpa Kogyo Co., Ltd.). The value of 1 × 10 12 Ω or less was regarded as an acceptable level. The results are shown in Table 2.
（光線透過率）
ＪＩＳ−Ｋ−７１０５に準拠し、農業用光反射シートの光波長４００〜７００ｎｍにおける光線透過率を、分光光度計（型番Ｕ−３３１０、（株）日立製作所製）を用いて測定して、数値を平均して光線透過率とした。結果を表２に示す。
(Light transmittance)
In accordance with JIS-K-7105, the light transmittance at an optical wavelength of 400 to 700 nm of the agricultural light reflecting sheet is measured using a spectrophotometer (model number U-3310, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), and numerical values are obtained. Were averaged to obtain the light transmittance. The results are shown in Table 2.
（汚れ性評価）
農業用光反射シートの各サンプルを１０ｃｍ×１０ｃｍのサイズに打ち抜き後、同一条件にて２週間屋外に放置した後、再度拡散反射率を測定し、屋外放置前後の拡散反射率の低下割合（％）を持って汚れ性評価とした。その結果、実施例６や実施例７に比べて、実施例１〜５の方が拡散反射率の低下が少なく（２０％未満）、より優れた汚れ防止効果を示した。
(Dirty evaluation)
After punching each sample of the light reflecting sheet for agriculture into a size of 10 cm × 10 cm and leaving it outdoors for two weeks under the same conditions, the diffuse reflectance was measured again, and the rate of decrease in diffuse reflectance before and after standing outdoors (% ) To evaluate the dirtiness. As a result, compared with Example 6 and Example 7, Examples 1-5 showed less deterioration of diffuse reflectance (less than 20%) and showed a more excellent antifouling effect.
（耐久性評価）
農業用光反射シートの各サンプル１ｍ×１０ｍのサイズを実際にりんご農園の地面上に敷設し、園内を農業用トラクターで往復し、シート上を走破する状況下において、シートに破れが発生しないかどうか耐久性を確認した。結果を表２に示す。
○：破れなし（良好）
×：破れあり（不良）
(Durability evaluation)
If the size of each 1m x 10m sample of light reflecting sheet for agriculture is actually laid on the ground of an apple plantation and reciprocated in the garden with an agricultural tractor, will the sheet break through the situation? Please confirm the durability. The results are shown in Table 2.
○: No tearing (good)
×: There is a tear (defect)
本発明の農業用光反射シートは、光反射性能が高く、特に広範囲にわたって光を拡散反射するため、むらの無い果実の色づきを促進するために有用であり、また光線透過率も低いことから下草発育防止効果も高く農業用シートとしてきわめて有用である。加えて撥水性を有し、かつ帯電防止性もあることから汚れ付着機能も高く、長期間使用しても性能低下しにくい。 The light reflection sheet for agriculture according to the present invention has high light reflection performance, particularly diffused reflection of light over a wide range, and is therefore useful for accelerating the coloring of fruit without unevenness, and has low light transmittance. It has a high growth prevention effect and is extremely useful as an agricultural sheet. In addition, since it has water repellency and antistatic properties, it also has a high dirt adhesion function and is unlikely to deteriorate in performance even after long-term use.
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Cited By (7)
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| JP2016010905A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-01-21 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Cover sheet material |
| WO2016080405A1 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-26 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Sheet for agricultural use |
| JP2018166478A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-11-01 | 株式会社ユポ・コーポレーション | Agricultural film |
| JP2018196955A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-12-13 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Agriculture sheet |
| JP2018199786A (en) * | 2017-05-29 | 2018-12-20 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Agricultural sheet |
| TWI731536B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2021-06-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Composite fabric with holes and light-shielding film |
| WO2023096875A1 (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-06-01 | Calderon Emmanuel Abraham Ortiz | Bicolor ground cover |
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| TWI731536B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2021-06-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Composite fabric with holes and light-shielding film |
| WO2023096875A1 (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-06-01 | Calderon Emmanuel Abraham Ortiz | Bicolor ground cover |
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