JP2006217874A - Mulch cultivation sheet - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an agricultural reflection sheet having water barrier properties, moisture permeability and air permeability and also having high diffused reflection ratio and durability. <P>SOLUTION: This agricultural sheet is given with moisture permeability and air permeability through using a multilayer structure sheet obtained by laminating both the sides of a woven cloth with waterproof films and punching minute holes with a needle from both the sides or one side, and at the same time given with water barrier properties by minute structures (cut pieces) made through the processes and inclinedly standing so as to cover the holes. Furthermore, the sheet has durability through laminating the woven cloth and at the same time has increased diffused reflection ratio to light and heat through causing embossing effect by a woven cloth structure and punching action, and slippage preventing effect at the time of working on the sheet. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a sheet for multi-cultivation, and more particularly to a sheet used for adjusting the light environment and soil environment in the agricultural field.

  Since the 1950s, various multi-cultivation films (multi-films) have been used to control the cultivation environment of crops. Later, in the 1970s, the development of reflective multi-films began.

  For example, in the cultivation of fruit trees, in order to improve the sugar content of fruits, it is important to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the soil and to evaporate the water in the soil to keep the soil in an appropriate dry state. In addition, it is important to release carbon dioxide in the soil to the outside air in order to prevent the decline of the tree vigor, and in order to promote the coloring of fruits, the sunlight is diffused and reflected on the ground. It is important to irradiate fruit trees. Multifilm seeks to meet these various requirements. From such a place, water permeable, moisture permeable, breathable, and laying a film or sheet on the ground surface around the tree that allows diffuse reflection of sunlight, water proof, moisture permeable, It is intended to control reflectivity. A multi film or a multi sheet is used for this purpose.

  Reflective sheets used today include white waterproof sheets, waterproof silver polyfilms, white water-proof and moisture-permeable non-woven sheets, and waterproof aluminum deposited sheets.

  Among these, the non-woven fabric sheet is not a hole formed by a needle, but utilizes a gap between fibers in the non-woven fabric. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately control the water shielding and moisture permeability. Moreover, since it is a nonwoven fabric, physical strength is inferior. For this reason, when working on this sheet or running an agricultural machine, there is a problem that the service life is shortened due to the low strength of the sheet.

Since other waterproof sheets are not breathable and breathable, there is a risk that the moisture content in the soil will be kept high, soil drying during the harvesting period will be suppressed, and in particular the quality of fruit trees will be reduced.
JP-A-3-280816 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-166022

  The present invention provides a reflective sheet having a high reflection function, a long service life, a moisture barrier property that prevents rainwater permeation, and a moisture permeability and air permeability function that promotes evapotranspiration of soil moisture.

  The multi-sheet of the present invention is a fine sheet in which at least one surface of a woven fabric is laminated with a waterproof film to form a multi-layered structure, and a number of fine holes are made with a needle from at least one side of the sheet, and the fine sheet is inclined to cover the hole In addition to having moisture permeability and air permeability, water barrier properties are maintained by the above-mentioned fragments.

  According to the multi-sheet of the present invention, since the woven fabric is laminated with a waterproof film, the strength is high, and a person or a vehicle passes over the sheet and a part of the film (especially the periphery of the hole). ), Even if cracks occur, it does not expand and has excellent durability.

  Moreover, since many fine holes are provided, it is rich in moisture permeability and air permeability. Furthermore, the slanted fragments at the periphery of the hole act as a ridge for the hole, making it difficult for rainwater to pass through the hole, thus providing excellent waterproofness.

  Further, the woven fabric has a concavo-convex structure due to the action of the warp and weft that intersect with each other up and down, and the sheet of the present invention obtained by laminating a film thereon also affects the woven fabric structure. And has irregularities. In addition, the sheet surface has an embossing effect due to the perforating action. Due to these two factors, this sheet increases the diffuse reflectance with respect to light and heat, thereby leading to the promotion of coloration of fruits and also having an anti-slip effect when working on the sheet.

  The multi-sheet of the present invention has a high reflection function, has a long service life, and has a water-permeable property that prevents rainwater from penetrating, and a moisture-permeable and breathable function that promotes evapotranspiration of soil moisture.

  As the woven fabric used in the present invention, white light-resistant reinforced polyethylene mixed with 3% or more of a UV cut agent (light-resistant agent) was used in order to increase the service life. This woven fabric is made by weaving flat yarn (700 to 1000 denier) in the length and width of 7 to 12 per inch. The both sides of this woven fabric are further laminated with the same light-resistant reinforced polyethylene film (30 to 60 microns) to obtain a multilayer structure laminated cloth. This laminate cloth is stronger than a sheet made of nonwoven fabric, has a long service life, and is effective for achieving the object of the present invention.

  Although the drilling method used in the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, two needle rollers in which needles with barbs of 10 to 20 microns are planted at a density of 160 to 250 / inch 2 near the tip are provided. A processing machine can be used.

  The needle roller is obtained by implanting a large number of needles aligned in the circumferential direction and the axial direction in the diameter direction on the circumferential surface of the roller. The needle roller is forcibly rotated while being in contact with a large-diameter drum having rubber on its surface. The sheet enters between the needle roller and the drum. At this time, due to the mutual rotation of the needle roller and the drum, the corresponding portions of the peripheral surfaces approach each other, so that the needle passes through the sheet, the tip of the needle enters the rubber layer, and a hole is made in the sheet. It is done. By further rotation of the needle roller and the drum, the corresponding portions of the peripheral surfaces are then separated from each other, whereby the needle is retracted. When the needle is retracted, the fragments on the peripheral edge of the hole are pulled out to the near side by returning. One or a plurality of needle rollers can be provided. In addition, when the sheet that has passed through the surface of one needle roller enters the surface of another needle roller in a state where the front and back surfaces are reversed, the needle can be inserted from both the front and back surfaces of the sheet. In this case, reversal occurs on both the front and back sides of the sheet.

As processing conditions of the present invention, it is preferable that the pressure of the needle roller is 7 to 9 kg / cm ² , the processing speed is 50 to 60 m / min, and a constant tension is applied to such an extent that the laminate cloth do not collide.

  The performance obtained by processing is affected by the specifications of the laminated cloth, the density of the needle, the pressure of the needle roller, the processing speed and the number of processing.

  Here, “normal standard product”, “strong water resistant type”, and “high ventilation type” will be described.

First, a normal standard product is manufactured as follows. Both wefts and wefts, which are 900 denier flat yarns, are laid out in 10 inch squares. A polyethylene film having a thickness of 40 microns is laminated on both sides of the woven fabric. Such a laminate cloth is run in a processing machine equipped with two needle rollers having a needle density of 200 / inch 2 and the needles are inserted from both sides of the laminate cloth. At this time, the pressure of the needle roller is set to 8 to 8.5 kg / cm ² , the processing speed is set to 50 to 55 m / min, and the needle is inserted three times on each side (6 times on both sides).

  Next, the strong water-resistant type and the highly ventilated type have the same processing conditions as the standard products, but the number of holes was increased or decreased by changing the number of times of processing. That is, in the strong water resistant type, the needle was inserted once each on the front and back sides, and in the high ventilation type, the needle was inserted 10 times on each side.

  The relationship between the number of holes in normal standard products, strong water-resistant type, and high ventilation type, moisture permeability and water resistance is as follows.

In the normal standard product, the number of holes is 350 to 400 holes / cm ² , the moisture permeability per 24 hours is 1000 to 1300 g / m ² , and the water resistance is 250 to 350 mm. The strong water-resistant type has a number of holes of 60 to 70 / cm ² , a moisture permeability per 24 hours of 400 to 500 g / m ² , and a water resistance of 300 to 500 mm. In the high ventilation type, the number of holes is 1200 to 1300 holes / cm ² , the moisture permeability is 3500 to 4000 g / m ² , and the water resistance is 50 to 100 mm. (Measurement of moisture permeability was in accordance with JIS-A-1324, and measurement of water resistance was in accordance with JIS-A-1092.)
In this case, when the processing speed is 45 m / min or less, or 60 m / min or more, it becomes difficult to control the balance between moisture permeability and water resistance depending on the number of processing.

For normal standard products, the diffuse reflectance, that is, the ratio of the total amount of light rays emitted from the light source and the light rays reflected from the object in various directions is as follows. (A UV-3150 ultraviolet / visible / near-infrared spectrophotometer manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used as a tester, and the test method was JIS-K-7105: 1981 (plastic optical property test method).)
Infrared 65-85%
Visible light 75-95%
UV 5-10%
Moreover, physical properties such as tensile strength and tear strength of normal standard products are as follows. (Measurement of tensile strength and tear strength was in accordance with JIS-P-8112.)
Tensile strength (N / 5cm) 400 or more (both longitudinal and lateral directions)
Tear strength (N) 60 or more (both longitudinal and lateral directions)
Elongation (%) 15 or more (both longitudinal and transverse directions burst strength (Kpa) 250 or more In this way, the multi-cultivating sheet 10 of the present invention is made of polyethylene on one side of a woven fabric 11 as shown in FIG. The film 12 is laminated, and the surface is provided with a number of minute holes 14. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the polyethylene film 12 is laminated only on one side of the woven fabric 11, but this Instead, polyethylene films 12 and 12 may be laminated on both sides of the woven fabric 11.

  FIG. 2 shows the shape of the needle used in the present invention. The needle 60 has an elongated rectangular pyramid shape as a whole, and its tip 62 is sharp. On one side of the quadrangular pyramid, quadrangular pyramidal projections (returns) 66 and 68 project substantially perpendicular to the axis of the needle 60. Of the two barbs 66 and 68, the barb 68 on the base 64 side of the needle 60 is slightly longer. The total length of the needle 60 is about 2 mm, the length of one side of the base 64 is about 0.2 mm, and the protruding amount of the barbs 68 on the base 64 side is about 0.1 mm. Further, the protruding amount of the barbs 66 on the tip 62 side is 0.08 mm.

  The hole 14 formed in this manner has an irregular triangle shape, and the inside of the hole 14 is divided into three pieces, and one of the pieces is inclined obliquely (that is, the rising angle is larger than the other pieces).

  That is, the needle 60 shown in FIG. 2 with respect to the sheet 10 is stabbed from the upper side of FIG. 4 in a fallen state, contrary to the state shown in FIG. 2, and the barb 68 on the base 64 side passes through the sheet. , Pulled back upward. Thus, the hole 14 is formed in the sheet 10 by inserting the needle 60 into the sheet 10. That is, the triangular pieces 26, 28, 30 adjacent to the three sides 20, 22, 24 of the triangular hole 14 are torn with the tear 32 in between. Then, when the needle 60 moves backward (upward in FIG. 4), the row pieces 26, 28, 30 are pulled back to the state shown in FIG.

  The positional relationship between the needle 60 and the triangular hole 14 shown in FIG. 3 is such that the square base 64 of the needle 60 is located in the vicinity of the bottom 24 of the triangular hole 14 and the tip 69 of the barb 68 is a triangular hole. 3 in the vicinity of the upper end 15.

  Due to such a positional relationship, the exact reason is unknown, but the degree of rising of the right-side fissure 26 in FIG. 3 is large and the inclination angle is large. On the other hand, the degree of standing of the other shards 28 and 30 is small, and therefore the inclination angle is small.

  In the multi-sheet of the present invention, because of the shape of the hole 14, air permeates but rainwater hardly permeates. That is, since the hole 14 is formed by the needle 60 having the above-described size, the hole 14 is very small. In addition, the side edges of the pieces 26, 28, 30 are close to each other. This is because the rainwater forms a film due to the surface tension during this period, thereby preventing further passage of the rainwater.

  Since the hole 14 is indefinite, it is difficult to indicate its dimensions. However, as shown in FIG. 3, when the hole 14 is considered to be substantially an isosceles triangle, its base (short side) 24 is approximately 0.1 mm, and the other two sides (long sides) 20 and 22 are approximately. 0.2 mm.

  In this invention, you may make it insert a needle | hook only from the one side with respect to the multi sheet | seat 10, However, It is also possible to insert a needle | hook alternately from front and back both surfaces. And when doing in this way, there exists an original effect. In particular, when an operator or a work vehicle passes over the multi-seat 10, the seats move up and down, so that an original effect is obtained.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 5, as a result of inserting the needle from both the front and back surfaces, the fragments appear on both the front and back surfaces. That is, in the upper and lower views in FIG. 5, the right side pieces 24 and 26 stand up above the sheet 10, and the left side pieces 24 and 26 stand up (hang down) on the lower side of the sheet 10.

  The upper diagram in FIG. 5 is a case where the sheet 10 moves upward as indicated by an arrow A. In this case, due to the pressure of the air above the sheet 10, the right shards 24 and 26 become almost horizontal and prevent the hole 14, so that the air below the sheet does not move upward. On the other hand, the left side pieces 24 and 26 are inclined downward under the pressure of air in the vicinity of the hole 14. That is, the degree of standing is increased and the hole 14 is opened larger. As a result, as indicated by the arrow C, the air on the upper side (outside air side) of the sheet 10 moves to the lower side of the sheet 10, that is, the soil side, as indicated by the arrow C.

  On the other hand, the lower part of FIG. 5 shows a case where the sheet 10 is lowered as indicated by an arrow B. In this case, the right shards 24 and 26 are pressed by the air existing in the vicinity of the hole 16 to increase the degree of standing. That is, the hole 14 is sufficiently opened upward, so that the air on the lower side of the sheet 10, that is, on the soil side easily escapes upward as indicated by the arrow 10D. On the other hand, on the left side in the figure, the pieces 24 and 26 are pressed by the air below the sheet 10 to moderate the inclination angle. That is, it tries to close. As a result, the air above the seat 10 does not move downward.

  In this way, in the multi-sheet in which the needles are inserted from both sides, when the sheet moves up and down, the gas on the soil side escapes upward (outside air side), and the air on the outside air is brought to the soil side. The air is always smoothly distributed between the upper and lower sides of the sheet.

  Unlike the case described above, when the multi-sheet 10 moves up and down by the wind, the following is performed. That is, when the sheet is pushed up from below by the wind and rises, air also escapes upward from below the sheet. On the other hand, when a sheet or a part of the sheet located slightly above the ground for some reason descends due to being pushed down by the wind, air also escapes downward from above the sheet.

  In other words, the carbon dioxide gas on the soil side can always escape to the outside air side, and fresh air on the outside air side is brought to the outside air side.

  If the reflective sheet of this invention is used, the light environment of the above-ground part will be improved by high diffuse reflectance, and growth promotion can be expected over the whole crops. In particular, it promotes the coloring of fruits and increases the sugar content, thereby shortening the ripening period. It also has a repellent effect against pests. Improves root environment through soil environment by water-impervious, moisture-permeable and breathable, promotes fruit coloration and sugar content as well as light environment, and accelerates ripening period. In addition, it contributes to the stabilization of production by bringing about stabilization of the soil environment over all crops. It has excellent strength against light deterioration and mechanical damage (particularly due to wind damage such as typhoons), enabling efficient work on the sheet.

Partially missing external view of an example of the multi-sheet of the present invention A perspective view showing a needle used for perforating the multi-sheet Plan view showing holes of the multi-sheet Side view showing a state in which the shards are inclined at the periphery of the hole Schematic side view showing the action of a sheet with holes from both sides

Explanation of symbols

10 ... sheet for multi-cultivation 11 ... woven fabric 12 ... waterproof film 14 ... hole 26 ... fragment 28 ... fragment 30 ... fragment 60 ... needle

Claims (1)

At least one side of the woven fabric is laminated with a waterproof film to make a number of fine holes with needles from at least one side of the multi-layered sheet. A sheet for cultivating multi-cultivation that has moisture and air permeability and maintains water shielding by the above-mentioned debris.

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