JP2008247813A - Therapeutic agent for drug dependence - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new therapeutic agent for drug dependence. <P>SOLUTION: The therapeutic agent for drug dependence comprises a free radical scavenger as an active ingredient. The drug is preferably a central nervous system stimulant, a central nervous system depressor, an opioid analgesic medicine or a psychotomimetic medicine. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a drug dependence therapeutic agent comprising a free radical scavenger such as a pyrazolone derivative or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate or solvate thereof as an active ingredient.

  Drug dependence refers to a specific mental, sometimes, and physical condition that results from the interaction of a drug with a living body. A specific condition is a behavior or other reaction that is always accompanied by an obsessive desire to take the drug continuously or periodically to experience the mental effects of the drug and sometimes to escape the pain of withdrawal (WHO definition). Drug dependence involves the central nervous system. It is thought that when a specific action is performed, an endogenous pleasure substance is generated, which produces a strong pleasure, which becomes a kind of conditioning stimulus. In addition to this action, it is considered that the ingested drug itself works in place of a kind of pleasure substance, or is involved in the production of endogenous pleasure substance by pharmacological action. As a method of treating drug addiction, it is started by detaching contact with the drug (desorption), but it is difficult to suppress a strong craving for the drug after withdrawal, and an effective treatment is The current situation is that there are few.

（式中、Ｒ¹は水素原子、アリール、炭素数１〜５のアルキル又は総炭素数３〜６のアルコキシカルボニルアルキルを表し、Ｒ²は、水素原子、アリールオキシ、アリールメルカプト、炭素数１〜５のアルキル又は１〜３のヒドロキシアルキルを表し、あるいは、Ｒ¹及びＲ²は、共同して炭素数３〜５のアルキレンを表し、Ｒ³は水素原子、炭素数１〜５のアルキル、炭素数５〜７のシクロアルキル、炭素数１〜３のヒドロキシアルキル、ベンジル、ナフチル又はフェニル、又は炭素数１〜５のアルコキシ、炭素数１〜３のヒドロキシアルキル、総炭素数２〜５のアルコキシカルボニル、炭素数１〜３のアルキルメルカプト、炭素数１〜４のアルキルアミノ、総炭素数２〜８のジアルキルアミノ、ハロゲン原子、トリフルオロメチル、カルボキシル、シアノ、水酸基、ニトロ、アミノ、及びアセトアミドからなる群から選ばれる同一若しくは異なる１〜３個の置換基で置換されたフェニルを表す。）で表されるピラゾロン誘導体については、医薬の用途として、脳機能正常化作用（特許文献１参照）、過酸化脂質生成抑制作用（特許文献２参照）、抗潰瘍作用（特許文献３参照）、血糖上昇抑制作用（特許文献４参照）等が知られている。 On the other hand, the following formula (I):

(In the formula, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, aryl, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or alkoxycarbonylalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms in total, and R ² represents a hydrogen atom, aryloxy, aryl mercapto, 1 to 1 carbon atoms. 5 represents alkyl or 1 to 3 hydroxyalkyl, or R ¹ and R ² together represent alkylene having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, R ³ represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, carbon Cycloalkyl having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, benzyl, naphthyl or phenyl, or alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 5 carbon atoms in total , Alkyl mercapto having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkylamino having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, dialkylamino having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in total, halogen atom, trifluoromethyl, carboxyl A pyrazolone derivative represented by the same or different 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of sil, cyano, hydroxyl group, nitro, amino, and acetamide. , Brain function normalizing action (see Patent Document 1), lipid peroxide production inhibitory action (see Patent Document 2), anti-ulcer action (see Patent Document 3), blood glucose elevation inhibiting action (see Patent Document 4), etc. ing.

  In addition, among the compounds of the above formula (I), a preparation containing 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one as an active ingredient has been a brain protective agent (generic name “edaravone” since June 2001). The product name “Radicut” is manufactured and sold by Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation. This “edaravone” has been reported to have high reactivity to active oxygen (see Non-Patent Document 1; Non-Patent Document 2). Thus, edaravone is a free radical scavenger that works to prevent cell damage and the like by eliminating various free radicals including active oxygen. However, so far, there has been no report on the therapeutic effect of edaravone on drug dependence.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-31523 Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-35128 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-215425 JP-A-3-215426 Kawai, H., et al., J. Phamacol. Exp. Ther., 281 (2), 921, 1997 Wu, TW. Et al., Life Sci, 67 (19), 2387, 2000

  An object of the present invention is to provide a novel drug dependence therapeutic agent.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors examined the action on the stimulant methamphetamine seeking behavior using the pyrazolone derivative represented by the formula (I). As a result, it has been found that administration of the above-mentioned pyrazolone derivative can suppress the expression of drug intake / search behavior, and the present invention has been completed.

  That is, according to the present invention, a therapeutic agent for drug dependence containing a free radical scavenger as an active ingredient is provided.

Preferably, the drug is a central nervous system stimulant, a central nervous system inhibitor, an opioid analgesic, or a psychotic agent.
Preferably, the drug is methamphetamine, nicotine or alcohol, more preferably methamphetamine.

（式中、Ｒ¹は水素原子、アリール、炭素数１〜５のアルキル又は総炭素数３〜６のアルコキシカルボニルアルキルを表し、Ｒ²は、水素原子、アリールオキシ、アリールメルカプト、炭素数１〜５のアルキル又は炭素数１〜３のヒドロキシアルキルを表し、あるいは、Ｒ¹及びＲ²は、共同して炭素数３〜５のアルキレンを表し、Ｒ³は水素原子、炭素数１〜５のアルキル、炭素数５〜７のシクロアルキル、炭素数１〜３のヒドロキシアルキル、ベンジル、ナフチル又はフェニル、又は炭素数１〜５のアルコキシ、炭素数１〜３のヒドロキシアルキル、総炭素数２〜５のアルコキシカルボニル、炭素数１〜３のアルキルメルカプト、炭素数１〜４のアルキルアミノ、総炭素数２〜８のジアルキルアミノ、ハロゲン原子、トリフルオロメチル、カルボキシル、シアノ、水酸基、ニトロ、アミノ、及びアセトアミドからなる群から選ばれる同一若しくは異なる１〜３個の置換基で置換されたフェニルを表す。）
で表されるピラゾロン誘導体若しくはその生理的に許容される塩、又はそれらの水和物若しくは溶媒和物である。 Preferably, the free radical scavenger has the following formula (I):

(In the formula, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, aryl, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or alkoxycarbonylalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms in total, and R ² represents a hydrogen atom, aryloxy, aryl mercapto, 1 to 1 carbon atoms. 5 represents alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or R ¹ and R ² together represent alkylene having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, R ³ represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. , Cycloalkyl having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, benzyl, naphthyl or phenyl, alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, 2 to 5 carbon atoms in total Alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl mercapto having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkylamino having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, dialkylamino having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, halogen atom, trifluoromethyl, alkyl This represents phenyl substituted with 1 to 3 identical or different substituents selected from the group consisting of ruboxyl, cyano, hydroxyl, nitro, amino, and acetamide.
Or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate or solvate thereof.

  Preferably, the free radical scavenger is 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate or solvate thereof.

Preferably, the drug dependence therapeutic agent of the present invention is used for anti-alcohol therapy for chronic alcoholism.
Preferably, the agent for treating drug dependence of the present invention is used for smoking cessation, and more preferably, a smoking cessation aid that is diagnosed as necessary by a doctor and is strongly recommended by a doctor. Use for.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of treating drug addiction comprising administering an effective amount of a free radical scavenger to a mammal, including a human.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the use of a free radical scavenger for the manufacture of a drug dependence therapeutic agent.

  The therapeutic agent for drug dependence according to the present invention can effectively suppress the expression of drug intake / search behavior.

  The drug dependence therapeutic agent of the present invention contains a free radical scavenger as an active ingredient.

The “free radical scavenger” used in the present invention refers to a substance that captures and eliminates free radicals, which are compounds having unpaired electrons. The free radical, typically superoxide are active oxygen species anion radicals (O ₂ ^- ·), it refers to a hydroxy radical (· OH) but, HOO ·, LOO ·, LO ·, 3 O 2, NO 2 In addition to radicals such as H ₂ O ₂ , ¹ O ₂ , LOOH, O ₃ , and HOCl, which are radical reserves that are immediately converted to radicals.

  Specific examples of free radical scavengers include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, enzyme antioxidants such as peroxidase, vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione, carotenoids, flavonoids, ubiquinones, Non-enzymatic antioxidants such as γ-oryzanol, metallothionein, saccharides, iron chelating agents, uric acid, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, ferritin, haptoglobin, albumin, and pyrirubin. In addition, drugs that are already commercially available and clinically used and are known to have a scavenger action can be used as well. For example, ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) used in cardiovascular areas such as congestive heart failure, captopril as an antihypertensive agent, probucol as an arteriosclerotic agent, gamma oryzanol used for hypertension and menopause, mannitol as a brain pressure-lowering agent, psychotropic Examples include chlorpromazine as a drug, auranofin as a gold preparation for treating rheumatism, gold thiomalate Na, D-penicillamine, and poraprezin as a gastric ulcer drug. N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) can also be used.

  The free radical scavenger preferably used in the present invention is a pyrazolone derivative represented by the formula (I) as defined herein or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate or solvate thereof. .

  Hereinafter, the pyrazolone derivative represented by the formula (I) will be described. The compound represented by the formula (I) may have a structure represented by the following formula (I ′) or (I ″) due to tautomerism. The formula (I) in this specification includes tautomers for convenience. Although one of the sex forms has been shown, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the following tautomers are present: As an active ingredient of the drug dependence therapeutic agent of the present invention, the following formula (I ′) Alternatively, a compound represented by (I ″) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate or solvate thereof may be used.

In the formula (I), the aryl group in the definition of R ¹ may be either a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group. For example, in addition to a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, etc., an alkyl group such as a methyl group or a butyl group, an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group or a butoxy group, a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom, or a phenyl group substituted with a substituent such as a hydroxyl group Etc. The same applies to the aryl moiety in other substituents having an aryl moiety (such as an aryloxy group).

The alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the definitions of R ¹ , R ² and R ³ may be either linear or branched. Examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, and a pentyl group. The same applies to the alkyl moiety in other substituents (alkoxycarbonylalkyl group) having an alkyl moiety.

Examples of the alkoxycarbonylalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms in total in the definition of R ¹ include a methoxycarbonylmethyl group, an ethoxycarbonylmethyl group, a propoxycarbonylmethyl group, a methoxycarbonylethyl group, and a methoxycarbonylpropyl group.

Examples of the alkylene group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms in the definition of R ¹ and R ² include trimethylene group, tetramethylene group, pentamethylene group, methyltrimethylene group, ethyltrimethylene group, dimethyltrimethylene group, and methyltetramethylene group. Is mentioned.

Examples of the aryloxy group in the definition of R ² include a p-methylphenoxy group, a p-methoxyphenoxy group, a p-chlorophenoxy group, a p-hydroxyphenoxy group, and the like, and examples of the aryl mercapto group include a phenyl mercapto group, p -Methylphenyl mercapto group, p-methoxyphenyl mercapto group, p-chlorophenyl mercapto group, p-hydroxyphenyl mercapto group and the like.

Examples of the hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the definition of R ² and R ³ include a hydroxymethyl group, a 2-hydroxyethyl group, and a 3-hydroxypropyl group. Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms in the definition of R ³ include a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group.

In the definition of R ³ , examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the substituent of the phenyl group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, and the like. Examples of the 2-5 alkoxycarbonyl group include a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, a propoxycarbonyl group, a butoxycarbonyl group and the like, and examples of the alkyl mercapto group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms include a methyl mercapto group, an ethyl mercapto group, Propyl mercapto group and the like, and examples of the alkylamino group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include a methylamino group, an ethylamino group, a propylamino group, a butylamino group, and the like, and a dialkylamino group having a total carbon number of 2 to 8 As dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, dipropylamino group, dibutylamino Etc. The.

Examples of the compound (I) suitably used as the active ingredient of the drug dependence therapeutic agent of the present invention include the following compounds.
3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-methyl-1- (2-methylphenyl) -2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-methyl-1- (3-methylphenyl) -2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-methyl-1- (4-methylphenyl) -2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-methyl-1- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-ethylphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-methyl-1- (4-propylphenyl) -2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-butylphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (3-trifluoromethylphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;

1- (4-trifluoromethylphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (2-methoxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (3-methoxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-ethoxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-methyl-1- (4-propoxyphenyl) -2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-butoxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (2-chlorophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (3-chlorophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-chlorophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (3,4-dichlorophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;

1- (4-bromophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-fluorophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (3-chloro-4-methylphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (3-methylmercaptophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-methylmercaptophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
4- (3-methyl-5-oxo-2-pyrazolin-1-yl) benzoic acid;
1- (4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-nitrophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-ethyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1-phenyl-3-propyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;

1,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-phenyl-1- (p-tolyl) -2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-chlorophenyl) -3-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
4-isobutyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-methyl-4-phenoxy-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-methyl-4-phenylmercapto-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;

3,3 ′, 4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2-phenyl-2H-indazol-3-one;
3- (ethoxycarbonylmethyl) -1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1,3-dimethyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1-ethyl-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1-butyl-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1-cyclohexyl-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1-benzyl-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;

1- (α-naphthyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1-methyl-3-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
3-methyl-1- (4-methylphenyl) -2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-butylphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-butoxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-chlorophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (3-hydroxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;

1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (3,4-hydroxyphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-hydroxymethylphenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-aminophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-methylaminophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-ethylaminophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-butylaminophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (4-dimethylaminophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one;
1- (acetamidophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one; and 1- (4-cyanophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one

  As an active ingredient of the drug dependence therapeutic agent of the present invention, a physiologically acceptable salt may be used in addition to the free form compound represented by the formula (I). Physiologically acceptable salts include salts with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromide, phosphoric acid; methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, Salts with organic acids such as fumaric acid; Salts with alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; Salts with alkaline earth metals such as magnesium; Ammonia, ethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, etc. Examples include salts with amines. In addition, the type of salt is not particularly limited as long as it is physiologically acceptable.

  All of the compounds represented by the formula (I) are known compounds and can be easily synthesized by those skilled in the art by the method described in JP-B-5-31523.

  The dosage of the drug dependence therapeutic agent of the present invention is not particularly limited. When a compound represented by the formula (I) is used as an active ingredient, it is generally administered orally as a weight of the compound represented by the formula (I). In some cases, it is 0.1-100 mg / kg body weight per day, and in the case of parenteral administration, it is 0.1-100 mg / kg body weight per day. The above dose is preferably administered once a day or divided into 2 to 3 times a day, and may be increased or decreased as appropriate according to age, disease state, and symptoms.

  As the drug dependence therapeutic agent of the present invention, the compound represented by the above formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate or solvate thereof may be administered as it is. In general, it is preferable to prepare and administer a pharmaceutical composition containing the above-mentioned substance as an active ingredient and pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable additives.

  Examples of pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable additives include excipients, disintegrating agents or disintegrating aids, binders, lubricants, coating agents, dyes, diluents, bases, solubilizers or Solubilizers, tonicity agents, pH adjusters, stabilizers, propellants, adhesives, and the like can be used.

  For pharmaceutical compositions suitable for oral administration, as additives, for example, excipients such as glucose, lactose, D-mannitol, starch or crystalline cellulose; disintegrants or disintegrations such as carboxymethylcellulose, starch or carboxymethylcellulose calcium Adjuvants; binders such as hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone or gelatin; lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc; coating agents such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sucrose, polyethylene glycol or titanium oxide; petrolatum, Bases such as liquid paraffin, polyethylene glycol, gelatin, kaolin, glycerin, purified water, or hard fat can be used.

  Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for injection or infusion include aqueous solutions such as distilled water for injection, physiological saline, propylene glycol, or solubilizers or solubilizers that can constitute soluble injections for use; glucose, sodium chloride, D -Additives such as isotonic agents such as mannitol and glycerin; pH adjusters such as inorganic acids, organic acids, inorganic bases and organic bases can be used.

  The form of the drug dependence therapeutic agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can take various forms available to those skilled in the art. As pharmaceuticals suitable for oral administration, for example, tablets, capsules, powders, fine granules, granules, etc. can be prepared using solid pharmaceutical additives, and syrups using liquid pharmaceutical additives Etc. can be prepared. In addition, injections, infusions, suppositories, transdermal absorption agents, and the like can be prepared as medicaments suitable for parenteral administration. In addition, since a brain protective agent (instillation) containing the compound of the above formula (I) as an active ingredient has already been used in clinical practice (generic name “Edaravone”, trade name “Radicut”: manufactured by Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation) -Sales) In the therapeutic agent for drug dependence of the present invention, the above-mentioned commercial preparation can be used as it is.

  The administration route of the drug dependence therapeutic agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be administered orally or parenterally. The administration route for parenteral administration is not particularly limited, and can be administered intravenously or intraarterially.

  The subject of administration of the drug dependence therapeutic agent of the present invention is a drug dependence patient. Specific examples of drugs that cause drug dependence include, for example, central nervous system stimulants, central nervous system inhibitors, opioid analgesics, and psychotic agents. Examples of central nervous system stimulants include cocaine, stimulants (amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA), an appetite suppressant phenmetrazine, a stimulant methylphenidate or piperadol, nicotine, and caffeine. Examples of the central nervous system inhibitor include sleeping drugs such as barbituric acid derivatives, metacaron, and benzodiazepine derivatives, anti-anxiety drugs such as meprobamate and benzodiazepine derivatives, organic solvents such as thinner, and alcohol. Examples of opioid analgesics include opiate (morphine, heroin), synthetic narcotic analgesics such as pethidine and methadone, and antagonistic analgesics such as pentazocine and buprenorphine. Psychiatric agents such as LSD, DOM (2-amino-1- (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl) phenylpropane) and mescaline, hallucinogens, PCP (phencyclidine) and cannabis (marijuana) Etc.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further more concretely, this invention is not limited by the following Example.

Synthesis Example: Synthesis of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (hereinafter referred to as edaravone) 13.0 g of ethyl acetoacetate and 10.8 g of phenylhydrazine were added to 50 ml of ethanol and stirred at reflux for 3 hours. did. After allowing the reaction solution to cool, the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and recrystallized from ethanol to give 11.3 g of the title compound as colorless crystals.
Yield 67%
Melting point 127.5-128.5 ° C

Test Example 1:
(1) Method In the operant box, when the rat presses the lever once, drug-associated cue (sound: 85 dB / 2.9 kHz, light: 200 Lux) and methamphetamine (MAP) are injected (0.2 mg / inf. , iv). After a 10-day methamphetamine self-administration experiment, the methamphetamine is replaced with physiological saline for a 5-day elimination process (no cue presentation). Methamphetamine seeking behavior (lever pushing behavior under saline self-administration) is triggered by cue presentation and small dose of methamphetamine-priming (1.0 mg / kg, ip) on the 6th day.

(I) Effects of free radical scavengers on the formation process of methamphetamine intake behavior
Repeated administration of free radical scavenger prior to the 10 day methamphetamine self-administration experiment.

(Ii) Effect of free radical scavenger on maintenance of methamphetamine intake behavior A free radical scavenger is administered once before the 10th day of the methamphetamine self-administration experiment.

(Iii) Effects of free radical scavengers on the elimination process of methamphetamine intake behavior
Free radical scavenger is administered repeatedly before the 5-day elimination process.

(Iv) Effects of free radical scavengers on exploratory behavior after methamphetamine elimination
Single dose of free radical scavenger before cue presentation and small dose of methamphetamine-priming on day 6 after 5-day elimination.

(2) Results (i) The effect of free radical scavenger on the formation of methamphetamine intake behavior is shown in FIG. 1 (n = 4-7). FIG. 1 (a) shows the effect of edaravone on the formation of methamphetamine intake behavior (upper diagram) and food intake behavior (lower diagram). White circles indicate saline self-administration group pre-treated with vehicle, black circles indicate methamphetamine self-administration group pre-treated with vehicle, black triangles indicate methamphetamine pre-treated with edaravone (1.0 mg / kg, iv) The self-administration group is shown, and the black squares indicate the methamphetamine self-administration group pretreated with edaravone (3.2 mg / kg, iv). * P <0.05 (compared to methamphetamine self-administered group pre-treated with vehicle), *** P <0.001 (compared to methamphetamine self-administered group pre-treated with vehicle) FIG. b) shows the effect of PBN on the formation of methamphetamine intake behavior (upper diagram) and food intake behavior (lower diagram). White circles indicate saline self-administration group pre-treated with vehicle, black circles indicate methamphetamine self-administration group pre-treated with vehicle, black triangles indicate methamphetamine self-administration group pre-treated with PBN (32 mg / kg, ip) The black squares indicate the methamphetamine self-administration group pretreated with PBN (100 mg / kg, ip). *** P <0.001 (compared to methamphetamine self-administered group pre-treated with vehicle)

  Formation of lever-pressing behavior (methamphetamine intake behavior) with methamphetamine as a positive enhancer was suppressed by edaravone (1.0, 3.2 mg / kg, i.v.), a radical scavenger (FIG. 1 (a)). However, the inhibitory effect of methamphetamine on the formation of lever-pressing behavior (food intake behavior) using food as a positive enhancer was not affected at all by edaravone (1.0, 3.2 mg / kg, i.v.) (FIG. 1 (a)). On the other hand, the radical scavenger N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) (100 mg / kg, ip) also inhibited the formation of methamphetamine intake behavior, but it also affected the inhibitory effect of methamphetamine on food intake behavior formation. (FIG. 1 (b)).

  The lever behavior of the methamphetamine self-administered group on the first day of the elimination process (27.1 ± 10.6) increased compared to the saline self-administered group (5.6 ± 2.0) (FIG. 1 (c)). In the methamphetamine self-administration group, the lever-pressing behavior decreased with time, and there was almost no lever-pressing behavior on the fifth day of the elimination process (4.3 ± 1.6, FIG. 1 (c)). In the methamphetamine self-administration group, the lever pushing behavior during the extinction process was not affected by repeated administration of edaravone (1.0 mg / kg, iv / day) during the MAP self-administration period (Fig. 1 (c)), but edaravone With repeated administration (3.2 mg / kg, iv / day), almost no lever pushing behavior was observed (FIG. 1 (c)). On the other hand, in the methamphetamine self-administration group, the lever-pressing behavior during the elimination process for 5 days was not affected by repeated administration of PBN (32 mg / kg, i / p.) During the methamphetamine self-administration period, but PBN (100 mg / kg) , i / p.), almost no lever pushing behavior was observed (Fig. 1 (c)). Increased lever-pressing behavior due to drug-related stimuli (methamphetamine exploration behavior) was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by repeated administration of edaravone (1.0, 3.2 mg / kg, i.v./day) during the methamphetamine self-administration period. Methamphetamine-seeking behavior by methamphetamine-priming was also suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by repeated administration of edaravone (1.0, 3.2 mg / kg, i.v./day). This tendency was the same in the case of repeated administration of PBN (32-100 mg / kg, i / p.).

(Ii) The effect of free radical scavenger on maintenance of methamphetamine intake behavior is shown in FIG. 2 (n = 4-7). The upper and lower diagrams show methamphetamine intake behavior and food intake behavior. *** P <0.001 (compared to methamphetamine self-administered group pre-treated with vehicle)

  Maintenance of methamphetamine intake behavior on day 10 of the methamphetamine self-administration experiment was suppressed by edaravone (3.2 mg / kg, i.v.) (FIG. 2). However, maintenance of the inhibitory action of methamphetamine on food intake was not affected at all by edaravone (1.0, 3.2 mg / kg, i.v.) (FIG. 2). On the other hand, PBN (100 mg / kg, i.p.) also suppressed the maintenance of methamphetamine intake behavior and did not affect the maintenance of the action of methamphetamine to suppress food intake behavior (FIG. 2).

(Iii) The effect of repeated administration of free radical scavengers during the elimination process on methamphetamine-seeking behavior induced by methamphetamine-related cues or methamphetamine-priming administration is shown in FIG. 3 (n = 4-7). The upper and lower diagrams show methamphetamine searching behavior and food intake behavior. Open squares indicate the group without stimulation, open circles indicate the group that received methamphetamine-related cues, and closed circles indicate the group that received methamphetamine-priming administration. *** is P <0.001 (compared to unstimulated group)

  After elimination of methamphetamine intake behavior, methamphetamine seeking behavior by drug-related stimulation was suppressed by repeated administration of edaravone (3.2 mg / kg, i.v., once a day) for 5 days (FIG. 3). At this time, the food intake behavior was not affected at all by edaravone (1.0, 3.2 mg / kg, i.v., once a day) (FIG. 3). On the other hand, methamphetamine-seeking behavior by methamphetamine-priming was also suppressed by repeated administration of edaravone (3.2 mg / kg, i.v., once a day), but there was no effect on food intake behavior. Furthermore, drug-related stimulation and methamphetamine-seeking behavior by methamphetamine-priming administration were both suppressed by repeated administration of PBN (100 mg / kg, i.p.) (FIG. 3). However, food intake behavior was not affected by repeated administration of PBN (100 mg / kg, i.p.) (FIG. 3).

(Iv) The effect of a single administration of a free radical scavenger on methamphetamine-seeking behavior induced by methamphetamine-related cues or methamphetamine-priming administration is shown in FIG. 4 (n = 4-7). The upper and lower diagrams show methamphetamine searching behavior and food intake behavior. Open squares indicate the group without stimulation, open circles indicate the group that received methamphetamine-related cues, and closed circles indicate the group that received methamphetamine-priming administration. *** is P <0.001 (compared to unstimulated group)

  Both drug-related stimulation and methamphetamine-seeking behavior by methamphetamine-priming administration were suppressed by a single administration of edaravone (3.2 mg / kg, i.v.) (FIG. 4). On the other hand, both drug-related stimulation and methamphetamine seeking behavior by methamphetamine-priming administration were suppressed by a single administration of PBN (100 mg / kg, i.p.) (FIG. 4). However, food intake behavior was not affected by a single dose of edaravone (1.0, 3.2 mg / kg, i.v.) or PBN (32-100 mg / kg, i.p.) (FIG. 4).

(3) Conclusion From these results, it is suggested that the formation and maintenance of the strengthening / reward effect by methamphetamine or the expression of methamphetamine exploration behavior is caused by the production of free radicals. Free radical scavengers such as methamphetamine dependence It is considered useful as a therapeutic agent for drug dependence. It is also suggested that free radical production is not important for maintaining the strengthening / reward effect of food (natural reward) used as a control.

Test example 2:
(1) Method For the experiment, a measurement box consisting of two sections with different wall and floor materials is used. After a certain habituation trial, the mouse is allowed to freely perform exploratory behavior in the measurement box, and the residence time in both compartments is measured (pre-trial). From the next day, on an odd day, methamphetamine 0.1-10 mg / kg, nicotine 0.1-10 mg / kg or ethanol 0.1-10 g / kg is administered intraperitoneally or subcutaneously, and one compartment of the measurement box for a certain period of time Repeat the operation to administer the vehicle and place it in the opposite compartment on even days (conditioning). After this conditioning, the mouse is again allowed to freely explore in the measurement box (test trial), and the residence time in the compartment (conditional compartment) entered at the time of drug administration is compared with the pre-trial. The degree of increase is used as an indicator of dependency formation. Edaravone is administered before each conditioning experiment or before a test trial.

FIG. 1 shows the effect of free radical scavengers on the formation of methamphetamine uptake behavior (n = 4-7). FIG. 2 shows the effect of free radical scavenger on maintenance of methamphetamine intake behavior (n = 4-7). FIG. 3 shows the effect of repeated administration of free radical scavengers during the elimination process on methamphetamine-related cue or methamphetamine-seeking behavior induced by methamphetamine-priming administration (n = 4-7). FIG. 4 shows the effect of a single dose of free radical scavenger on methamphetamine-seeking behavior induced by methamphetamine-related cues or methamphetamine-priming administration (n = 4-7).

Claims (7)

A drug dependence therapeutic agent containing a free radical scavenger as an active ingredient. The drug dependence therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein the drug is a central nervous system stimulant, a central nervous system inhibitor, an opioid analgesic, or a psychiatric disorder drug. The drug dependence therapeutic agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drug is methamphetamine, nicotine or alcohol. A free radical scavenger is represented by the following formula (I):

(In the formula, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, aryl, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or alkoxycarbonylalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms in total, and R ² represents a hydrogen atom, aryloxy, aryl mercapto, 1 to 1 carbon atoms. 5 represents alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or R ¹ and R ² together represent alkylene having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, R ³ represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. , Cycloalkyl having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, benzyl, naphthyl or phenyl, alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, 2 to 5 carbon atoms in total Alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl mercapto having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkylamino having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, dialkylamino having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, halogen atom, trifluoromethyl, alkyl This represents phenyl substituted with 1 to 3 identical or different substituents selected from the group consisting of ruboxyl, cyano, hydroxyl, nitro, amino, and acetamide.
The therapeutic agent for drug dependence according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is a pyrazolone derivative represented by the formula (1) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate or solvate thereof. The free radical scavenger is 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate or solvate thereof. A drug dependence treatment agent according to claim 1. The drug dependence therapeutic agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is used for anti-alcohol therapy for chronic alcoholism. The drug dependence therapeutic agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is used for smoking cessation.

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