JP2008170694A - Transfer conveyance belt - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a transfer conveyance belt improving cleaning by having excellent electric characteristics, mechanical characteristics and heat resistance. <P>SOLUTION: In the transfer conveyance belt having a polyimide resin pipe-like inner layer containing a conductive filler and a fluorine resin pipe-like outer layer, a common logarithm value of volume resistivity of the inner layer is 7-15 [logΩ cm] in application voltage of 500 V, the thickness of the outer layer is 1-50 μm, and a common logarithm value of volume resistivity of the belt is 9-15 [logΩ cm] in the application voltage of 500 V. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a transfer conveyance belt that can be used in an electrophotographic recording apparatus such as a copying machine, a laser beam printer, and a facsimile machine.

  In copiers, laser printers, video printers, facsimiles and their complex machines, an image formed on an image carrier such as a photosensitive drum via a recording agent such as toner is printed on a print sheet for the purpose of improving the life of the apparatus. An intermediate transfer method in which an image on an image bearing member is once transferred to an intermediate transfer belt and fixed on a printing sheet while avoiding a direct fixing method has been studied. For the purpose of reducing the size of the apparatus, a method of using a transfer conveyance belt and causing the transfer belt to also convey a print sheet has been studied.

  As the transfer / conveying belt, a material in which a conductive filler is blended with a polyimide resin excellent in mechanical properties, electrical insulation and heat resistance is known (Patent Document 1).

  Further, there is disclosed a transfer / conveying belt containing a polyimide resin layer as a substrate and a fluoro rubber as an elastic layer as an outermost surface layer (Patent Document 2).

  However, the transfer / conveying belt described in Patent Document 1 has problems in terms of image quality stability, reliability, and reproducibility because it is not easy to clean the toner adhering to the belt surface.

  Further, in the transfer / conveying belt described in Patent Document 2, the thickness of the elastic layer is large, the electric field necessary for transfer increases, and the burden on the power source for applying a voltage to the belt tends to increase.

JP 2004-198723 A JP 2006-84982 A

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a transfer / conveying belt having excellent electrical characteristics, mechanical characteristics, and heat resistance, and improved cleaning properties.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by the transfer / conveying belt shown below, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention is a transfer conveyance belt having a polyimide resin tubular inner layer containing a conductive filler and a fluororesin tubular outer layer,
The common logarithm of the volume resistivity of the inner layer is 7 to 15 [log Ω · cm] at an applied voltage of 500 V, the thickness of the outer layer is 1 to 50 μm, and the common logarithm of the volume resistivity of the belt is In addition, the present invention relates to a transfer / conveying belt characterized by being 9 to 15 [log Ω · cm] at an applied voltage of 500 V.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a transfer / conveying belt having excellent electrical characteristics, mechanical characteristics, and heat resistance, and improved cleaning properties.

  The fluororesin used in the transfer / conveying belt of the present invention is preferably a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA). According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a transfer conveyance belt having improved cleaning properties.

  The transfer / conveying belt of the present invention is preferably used in an electrophotographic recording apparatus. When used in an electrophotographic recording apparatus as a transfer / conveying belt, toner adhesion to the belt surface can be prevented, and an electrophotographic recording apparatus excellent in image quality can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

The transfer conveyance belt of the present invention is a transfer conveyance belt having a polyimide resin tubular inner layer containing a conductive filler and a fluororesin tubular outer layer,
The common logarithm of the volume resistivity of the inner layer is 7 to 15 [log Ω · cm] at an applied voltage of 500 V, the thickness of the outer layer is 1 to 50 μm, and the common logarithm of the volume resistivity of the belt is 9 to 15 [log Ω · cm] at an applied voltage of 500 V.

  In the present invention, the common logarithmic value of the volume resistivity of the polyimide resin tubular inner layer containing a conductive filler is 7 to 15 [log Ω · cm], preferably 8 to 14 [log Ω · cm] at an applied voltage of 500 V. It is. If the common logarithm of the volume resistivity of the inner layer is within the above range, the toner image can be transferred satisfactorily. Further, since the inner layer uses a polyimide resin, a transfer / conveying belt having excellent electrical characteristics, mechanical characteristics and heat resistance can be obtained, which is effective.

  The common logarithmic value of the volume resistivity of the transfer conveyance belt of the present invention is 9 to 15 [log Ω · cm], preferably 10 to 13 [log Ω · cm] at an applied voltage of 500 V. If the common logarithmic value of the volume resistivity of the belt is within the above range, the toner image can be transferred satisfactorily. If the common logarithmic value of the volume resistivity of the belt is less than 9, a noisy image may be formed. On the other hand, if it exceeds 15, the belt is charged, so a static elimination mechanism may be necessary.

  The outer layer has a thickness of 1 to 50 μm, preferably 1 to 30 μm. When the film thickness is thin, slipperiness and durability derived from the fluororesin cannot be obtained, and the effect of the fluororesin coating cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the film thickness is too thick, the resistance comes from fluorine, resulting in a problem that the transfer image quality is not stable.

  The thickness of the inner layer is appropriately selected depending on the design of the apparatus to be used. Usually, the tubular inner layer is preferably 20 to 100 μm, more preferably 40 to 90 μm.

    The transfer conveyance belt of the present invention has a polyimide resin tubular inner layer containing a conductive filler. As a specific method for producing the polyimide resin tubular inner layer, first, a dispersion in which a conductive filler is dispersed is prepared. Next, it is necessary to prepare a conductive filler-dispersed polyamic acid solution by dissolving and polymerizing tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a derivative thereof (tetracarboxylic acid component) and a diamine component in the prepared dispersion. Furthermore, a polyimide resin tubular inner layer is prepared using the polyamic acid solution.

<Preparation of conductive filler dispersion>
The dispersion liquid in which the conductive filler is dispersed will be described below.

  The present invention uses a conductive filler in the polyimide resin to obtain semiconductivity. Specifically, an inorganic compound such as carbon black, aluminum, nickel, tin oxide, or potassium titanate, or a conductive polymer typified by polyaniline or polypyrrole can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use carbon black from the viewpoint of resistance control and resistance reduction.

  Examples of the carbon black include channel black, furnace black, ketjen black, and acetylene black. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The type of these carbon blacks can be appropriately selected depending on the intended conductivity, and can be selected from a medium resistance to a high resistance range (surface resistivity 10 ⁴ to 10 ¹⁵ [Ω / □], such as an intermediate transfer belt and a transfer conveyance belt. , Volume resistivity of 10 ⁴ to 10 ¹⁵ [Ω · cm]), channel black or furnace black is particularly preferably used, and depending on the application, oxidation deterioration such as oxidation treatment or graft treatment is prevented. And those having improved dispersibility in a solvent are preferably used.

  As said furnace black, Special Black 550, Special Black 350, Special Black 250, Special Black 100, Printex 35, Printex 25, Mitsubishi Chemical MA 7, MA 77, MA 77, manufactured by Degussa. 100, MA100R, MA220, MA230, manufactured by Cabot Corporation, MONARCH 1300, MONARCH 1100, MONARCH 1000, MONARCH 900, MONARCH 880, MONARCH 800, MONARCH 700, MOGUUL L, REGAL 400R, ULCAN XC-72R, and the like. Also, as channel black, Color Black FW200, Color B1ack FW2, Color Black FW2V, Color Black FW1, Color Black FW18, Special Black Black 6, 170 Black, Black Black, 170 Black Black 4A, Printex 150T, Printex U, Printex V, Printex 140U, Printex 140V, and the like.

  Further, depending on the application, it is preferable to use carbon black that has been prevented from oxidative degradation such as oxidation treatment and grafting treatment, and that has improved dispersibility in a solvent, and in particular, oxidized carbon black is used. It is preferable.

  The oxidized carbon black can be obtained by oxidizing the carbon black to give an oxygen-containing functional group (for example, carboxyl group, quinone group, lactone group, hydroxyl group, etc.) to the surface.

  The oxidation treatment is performed by an air oxidation method in which the material is brought into contact with and reacts with air in a high temperature atmosphere, a method in which nitrogen oxide or ozone is reacted at room temperature, a method in which ozone is oxidized at a low temperature after air oxidation at a high temperature, and the like. be able to. In the oxidized carbon black obtained by the above method, an excessive current flows in part and is not easily affected by oxidation due to repeated voltage application. In addition, the effect of the oxygen-containing functional group adhering to the surface provides high dispersibility in polyimide, can reduce resistance variation, reduce electric field dependency, and make it difficult for electric field concentration due to transfer voltage to occur. . As a result, the electrical resistance is prevented from lowering due to the transfer voltage, the uniformity of the electrical resistance is improved, the change in resistance due to the electric field dependency and the environment is small, and the occurrence of image quality defects such as the paper running portion being whitened is suppressed. Therefore, high image quality can be obtained.

  When carbon black is used as the conductive filler in the present invention, the carbon black content is appropriately determined depending on the type of carbon black to be added depending on the purpose, but an intermediate transfer belt used in an electrophotographic recording apparatus or the like. The transfer / conveying belt or the like is preferably 3 to 40% by weight, more preferably 3 to 30% by weight, based on the solid content of the polyimide resin, due to its mechanical strength and the like. When the carbon black content is less than 3% by weight, it is difficult to control the resistance value, and the variation in the belt tends to increase. On the other hand, if it exceeds 40% by weight, the mechanical strength of the belt tends to decrease.

  Although it does not restrict | limit especially as a solvent used for this invention, A polar solvent is mentioned suitably from points, such as solubility. In particular, those that can be used both for dispersing conductive fillers such as carbon black and for solvents for polymerization reaction are preferred. As the polar solvent, N, N-dialkylamides are preferable, and specific examples thereof include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-diethylformamide, which are low molecular weight compounds thereof. N, N-diethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylmethoxyacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylphosphortriamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, pyridine, tetramethylenesulfone, dimethyltetramethylenesulfone and the like. These can be used singly or in combination.

  Although it is content in the dispersion liquid of carbon black, 3 to 25 weight% is preferable, More preferably, it is 5 to 22 weight%. The higher the carbon black content, the more difficult it is to disperse, and the carbon black tends to agglomerate and precipitate, resulting in a marked decrease in storage stability. On the other hand, when content is low, the effect of a semiconductive property cannot be exhibited.

  A known dispersion method can be applied to the carbon black dispersion method. For example, after adding carbon black to the solvent, a method such as nanomizer, ball mill, sand mill, basket mill, triple roll mill, planetary mixer, bead mill, homogenizer, ultrasonic can be selected as appropriate to perform dispersion work. .

  With the aim of improving the dispersibility and affinity of carbon black, carbon black can be dispersed in the polyamic acid solution in the presence of a dispersant. The dispersant is not particularly limited as long as it meets the object of the present invention. For example, a dispersion stabilizer such as a polymer dispersant, a surfactant, and an inorganic salt can be used.

  Examples of the polymer dispersant include poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), poly (N, N′-diethylacrylazide), poly (N-vinylformamide), poly (N-vinylacetamide), poly (N -Vinylphthalamide), poly (N-vinylsuccinic acid amide), poly (N-vinylurea), poly (N-vinylpiperidone), poly (N-vinylcaprolactam), poly (N-vinyloxazoline) and the like. One or more polymer dispersants can be added.

  Examples of the surfactant include a carboxylic acid type, a sulfate type, a sulfonic acid type anionic surfactant, a quaternary ammonium type, an aliphatic amine type, an imidazolinium type cationic surfactant, an ether amine oxide. Type, glycine type, betaine type amphoteric surfactant, ether type, ester type, amino ether type, ether ester type, alkanolamide type nonionic surfactant, ether type nonionic surfactant, It is preferable in terms of carbon black dispersion stability.

  Examples of the dispersion stabilizer such as the inorganic salt include carbonates, silicates, bicarbonates and the like.

  In the transfer / conveying belt of the present invention, a conductive filler-dispersed polyamic acid solution is prepared by dissolving and polymerizing a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component in the dispersion.

<Preparation of conductive filler-dispersed polyamic acid solution>
Hereinafter, the conductive filler-dispersed polyamic acid solution will be described.

  Examples of the tetracarboxylic acid component include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride. (BPDA), 2,3,3 ′, 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride Anhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2'-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) propane dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone And dianhydrides, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydrides, ethylenetetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and the like.These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the diamine component include 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,3 '-Diaminodiphenylsulfone, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine (PDA), 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-biphenyldiamine, benzidine, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylpropane, 2,4-bis (β-amino-t-butyl) Toluene, bis (p-β-amino-t-butylphenyl) ether, (P-β-methyl-δ-aminophenyl) benzene, bis-p- (1,1-dimethyl-5-amino-pentyl) benzene, 1-isopropyl-2,4-m-phenylenediamine, m-xylyl Rangeamine, p-xylylenediamine, di (p-aminocyclohexyl) methane, hexamethylenediamine, heptamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, decamethylenediamine, diaminopropyltetramethylene, 3-methylheptamethylenediamine 4,4-dimethylheptamethylenediamine, 2,11-diaminododecane, 1,2-bis-3-aminopropoxyethane, 2,2-dimethylpropylenediamine, 3-methoxyhexamethylenediamine, 2,5-dimethylhepta Methylenediamine, 3-methylhept Methylenediamine, 5-methylnonamethylenediamine, 2,11-diaminododecane, 2,17-diaminoeicosadecane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,10-diamino-1,10-dimethyldecane, 1,12- Examples include diaminooctadecane and 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

A tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component are dissolved and polymerized in the dispersion. Here, the polyamic acid (polyimide belt precursor) can be obtained by reacting approximately equimolar amounts of a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component in an organic solvent. The monomer concentration during the polymerization reaction (the concentration of the tetracarboxylic acid component and the diamine component in the solvent) is set according to various conditions. Usually, about 5 to 30% by weight is preferable. The reaction temperature is preferably 80 ° C. or less, particularly preferably 5 to 50 ° C. The reaction time is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours. If the reaction time is less than 0.5 hours, the reaction becomes insufficient, and if the reaction time exceeds 10 hours, no further effect can be obtained.

  The viscosity of the conductive filler-dispersed amic acid solution obtained by the above reaction increases, but when heated as it is, the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution decreases. Utilizing this phenomenon, the conductive filler-dispersed amic acid solution can be adjusted to a predetermined viscosity. The heating temperature at this time is preferably 50 to 90 ° C.

<Preparation of transfer conveyance belt>
Using the conductive filler-dispersed polyamic acid solution, the transfer / conveying belt of the present invention is prepared by the following method.

  First, the conductive filler-dispersed polyamic acid solution is supplied into a cylindrical mold, and is uniformly spread by centrifugal force on the inner peripheral surface of the mold by a rotary centrifugal molding method. At this time, the viscosity of the solution is preferably 1 to 5000 Pa · s (25 ° C.) with a B-type viscometer. In other cases, it is difficult to uniformly develop during centrifugal molding, which causes variations in the thickness of the polyimide belt. After film formation, heating is performed at 80 to 180 ° C. to remove the solvent.

  Next, the ring-closing imidization reaction (imide conversion) is advanced by heating at a high temperature of 300 to 450 ° C., and then taken out from the mold. It is necessary to perform the solvent removal and the heating during the imidization reaction evenly. If it is not uniform, the conductive filler aggregates and the resistance value of the polyimide belt varies when the solvent evaporates. As a method of heating evenly, there are a method of heating while rotating the mold, a method of improving the circulation of hot air, and a method of charging at a low temperature to reduce the heating rate.

  In addition, the imidation reaction may use either the above-mentioned method of heating at a high temperature or the method of adding a catalyst alone or a catalyst and a dehydrating agent to a polyamic acid solution and heating at a low temperature, which meets the purpose of the present invention. If there is no particular limitation.

  Examples of the catalyst include imidazoles, secondary amines, and tertiary amines. Specific examples include 2-methylimidazole, 4-methyl-2-phenylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, imidazole, And isoquinoline. Among these, 2-phenylimidazole is preferable in terms of improving mechanical strength. The addition amount of the catalyst is preferably 0.01 to 2 molar equivalents, more preferably 0.05 to 1 molar equivalents with respect to 1 molar equivalent of the polyamic acid in the polyamic acid solution. Further, these catalysts are effective as an imidization accelerator at a low temperature even in heat imidization without using a dehydrating agent.

  Examples of the dehydrating agent include organic carboxylic acid anhydrides, N, N′-dialkylcarbodiimides, lower fatty acid halides, halogenated lower fatty acid anhydrides, arylphosphonic acid dihalides, and thionyl halides. Of these, organic carboxylic acid anhydrides are particularly preferable.

  Examples of organic carboxylic acid anhydrides include acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride, valeric anhydride, and a mixture of these intermolecular anhydrides and organic carboxylic anhydrides. Also, aromatic monocarboxylic acids such as benzoic acid and naphthoic acid anhydrides, mixtures thereof and organic carboxylic acid anhydride mixtures, and carbonic acid, formic acid and aliphatic ketene anhydrides, mixtures thereof and organic carboxylic acids Examples of the anhydride include acetic anhydride.

  In the present invention, the fluororesin forming the fluororesin tubular outer layer is not particularly limited as long as it can provide slipperiness as long as it meets the object of the present invention. Specifically, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer A combination (ETFE) and the like may be mentioned, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In particular, PFA that is effective against toner contamination is preferable.

  As a method of forming an outer layer mainly composed of a fluororesin on the outer peripheral surface of the polyimide resin tubular inner layer, a method of depositing a tubular tubular body obtained by melt extrusion on the outer peripheral surface of the inner layer, a solution form (including dispersion) ) On the outer peripheral surface of the inner layer.

  Examples of the method for coating the solution-like fluororesin solution include methods such as spray coating, roll coating, and brush coating. As a procedure of application and heating, in order to prevent void generation in the outer layer, the fluororesin solution is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the polyimide resin tubular inner layer, and then the solvent in the fluororesin solution is removed. Then, it heats up more than melting | fusing point of a fluororesin, and forms the outer layer made from a fluororesin. In addition, you may apply | coat a primer before formation of this outer layer, and if it meets the objective of this invention, it will not specifically limit. Moreover, you may perform the imidation reaction of an inner layer simultaneously at the time of outer layer formation.

When the outer layer is formed from tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA) as the fluororesin, the PFA preferably has a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. of 1 × 10 ⁴ Pa · s or more, and the upper limit is limited. Although it does not mean, it is usually about 1 × 10 ⁹ Pa · s. More preferably, it is 3 × 10 ^{4 to} 7 × 10 ⁴ Pa · s.

  Since the transfer conveyance belt obtained in the present invention has a fluororesin tubular outer layer as an outer layer, when used as a transfer conveyance belt of an electrophotographic recording apparatus, toner does not adhere to the belt surface and image quality does not deteriorate. , Have very good characteristics.

  Examples and the like specifically showing the configuration and effects of the present invention will be described below.

<Evaluation method>
Volume resistivity: A ring probe connected to the Hiresta-UP MCP-HT450 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation was pressed against the belt surface, and the volume resistivity (Ω · cm) after 10 seconds of applied voltage 500 V was measured. It is shown as a common logarithm of rate.

(Example 1)
<Preparation of conductive filler dispersion>
Into 4000 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), 1000 g of dried carbon black (Special Black 4 manufactured by Degussa) was added. Next, this solution was stirred and mixed in a bead mill at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a 20% by weight carbon black dispersion.

<Preparation of conductive filler-dispersed polyamide solution>
390 g of NMP is added to 1090 g of the above dispersion, then 124 g of p-phenylenediamine (PDA), 230 g of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 680 g of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) was charged at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere and dissolved. Subsequently, after thickening by a polymerization reaction, heating was continued at 70 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a 1000 Pa · s carbon black-dispersed polyamic acid solution (carbon black 18 wt%, solid content 20 wt%).

<Preparation of transfer conveyance belt>
The above polyamic acid solution is applied to the inner peripheral surface of a drum mold having an inner diameter of 60 mm and a length of 850 mm with a dispenser so that the final thickness is 75 μm, and rotated at 2000 rpm for 3 minutes to obtain a uniform spread layer. It was. Thereafter, the solvent was removed by heating for 20 minutes while rotating the drum mold at 30 rpm in a 130 ° C. drying oven in which hot air was evenly circulated. Furthermore, the temperature was raised to 340 ° C. at a rate of 6 ° C./minute, and heating was continued for 10 minutes as it was to proceed with imidization. After cooling to room temperature, it was peeled off from the inner surface of the mold to obtain a 75 μm transfer conveyance belt. When the volume resistivity of this belt was evaluated, it was 10.30 [log Ω · cm] at an applied voltage of 500 V.

  Tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA) was applied to the outer peripheral surface of the transfer conveyance belt by spray coating. Thereafter, it was baked at 400 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a fluorine-coated semiconductive polyimide belt having a final thickness of 6 μm. When the volume resistivity of this belt was evaluated, it was 13.96 [log Ω · cm] at an applied voltage of 500 V. As a result of checking the image quality assembled in the image output device, no deterioration in image quality was observed.

<Comparative Example 1>
A polyimide belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. When the volume resistivity of this belt was evaluated, it was 10.66 [log Ω · cm] at an applied voltage of 500 V.
When the outer peripheral surface of the polyimide belt was not subjected to fluorine coating, the image quality was confirmed by assembling the image forming apparatus. As a result, toner adhesion was observed on the belt surface, and deterioration of the image quality was confirmed.

<Table 1> Evaluation results

Claims (3)

A transfer conveyance belt having a polyimide resin tubular inner layer containing a conductive filler and a fluororesin tubular outer layer,
The common logarithm of the volume resistivity of the inner layer is 7 to 15 [log Ω · cm] at an applied voltage of 500 V, the thickness of the outer layer is 1 to 50 μm, and the common logarithm of the volume resistivity of the belt is The transfer / conveying belt is 9 to 15 [log Ω · cm] at an applied voltage of 500 V.   The transfer / conveying belt according to claim 1, wherein the fluororesin is a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA). An electrophotographic recording apparatus comprising the transfer conveyance belt according to claim 1.