JP2008169107A - Method for production of glass-forming die - Google Patents
Method for production of glass-forming die Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008169107A JP2008169107A JP2007322478A JP2007322478A JP2008169107A JP 2008169107 A JP2008169107 A JP 2008169107A JP 2007322478 A JP2007322478 A JP 2007322478A JP 2007322478 A JP2007322478 A JP 2007322478A JP 2008169107 A JP2008169107 A JP 2008169107A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
- C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
- C03B11/084—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses material composition or material properties of press dies therefor
- C03B11/086—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses material composition or material properties of press dies therefor of coated dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
- C23C18/1637—Composition of the substrate metallic substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1655—Process features
- C23C18/1657—Electroless forming, i.e. substrate removed or destroyed at the end of the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1689—After-treatment
- C23C18/1692—Heat-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1851—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material
- C23C18/1862—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by radiant energy
- C23C18/1865—Heat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
- C23C18/50—Coating with alloys with alloys based on iron, cobalt or nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/10—Die base materials
- C03B2215/11—Metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/14—Die top coat materials, e.g. materials for the glass-contacting layers
- C03B2215/16—Metals or alloys, e.g. Ni-P, Ni-B, amorphous metals
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、精密な加工を必要とするガラス成形用金型の製造方法に関し、特に金型の形状を高い精度で維持することができるものに関する。 The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a glass molding die that requires precise processing, and more particularly to a method capable of maintaining the shape of the die with high accuracy.
プラスチック成形の分野では、成形金型の精密加工技術が確立されており、回折格子など、微細形状を有する光学素子の量産が実現している。この場合、金型の製作は、ステンレス鋼からなる基材の表面に無電解Ni−Pめっきを施し、次いで、このめっき層をダイヤモンドバイトで精密加工することにより行われている。 In the field of plastic molding, precision processing technology for molding dies has been established, and mass production of optical elements having fine shapes such as diffraction gratings has been realized. In this case, the mold is manufactured by performing electroless Ni-P plating on the surface of a base material made of stainless steel, and then precisely processing the plated layer with a diamond bite.
しかし、これと同様の金型をガラス成形に適用すると、無電解Ni−Pめっき層にクラックが発生する問題が生ずる。この現象は、成形温度に起因している。即ち、Ni−Pめっき層は、めっき状態ではアモルファス(非晶質)構造をとっているが、約270℃以上に加熱すると結晶化が始まり、そのとき、めっき層に体積収縮が起こり、引張応力が作用してめっき層にクラックが発生する。 However, when a mold similar to this is applied to glass molding, there arises a problem that cracks occur in the electroless Ni—P plating layer. This phenomenon is due to the molding temperature. In other words, the Ni-P plating layer has an amorphous structure in the plating state, but when heated to about 270 ° C. or higher, crystallization starts, and at that time, the plating layer undergoes volume shrinkage and tensile stress Acts to cause cracks in the plating layer.
この問題の対策として、熱膨張係数が10×10−6〜16×10−6(K−1)の基材を選定し、めっき後、400〜500℃で熱処理を行っている。しかし、基材の熱膨張係数をNi−Pめっき層に合わせても、熱処理の際、結晶化に伴う体積収縮がめっき層だけに生ずるので、めっき層に大きな引張応力が作用して、クラックが発生する場合があった(例えば特許文献1参照)。 As a countermeasure against this problem, a base material having a thermal expansion coefficient of 10 × 10 −6 to 16 × 10 −6 (K −1 ) is selected, and heat treatment is performed at 400 to 500 ° C. after plating. However, even if the thermal expansion coefficient of the base material is matched to that of the Ni-P plating layer, volume contraction due to crystallization occurs only in the plating layer during heat treatment, so that a large tensile stress acts on the plating layer, causing cracks. There was a case where it occurred (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
また、金型使用中に高温になると、金型に塑性変形が生じ、金型の形状を高い精度で維持することができないという問題もあった。
本発明は、成形温度において表面被覆層にクラックが発生することを防止するとともに、金型の塑性変形を防止することで、金型の形状を高い精度で維持するとともに、その寿命を増大させることができるガラス成形用金型の製造方法を提供することを目的としている。 The present invention prevents the occurrence of cracks in the surface coating layer at the molding temperature, and prevents the plastic deformation of the mold, thereby maintaining the shape of the mold with high accuracy and increasing its life. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of the metal mold | die for glass molding which can be performed.
前記課題を解決し目的を達成するために、本発明のガラス成形用金型の製造方法は次のように構成されている。 In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the method for producing a glass molding die of the present invention is configured as follows.
炭素が0.3wt%以上2.7wt%以下、クロムが13wt%以下であって、モリブデンが0.5wt%以上3wt%以下、バナジウムが0.1wt%以上5wt%以下、タングステンが1wt%以上7wt%以下のうち少なくとも1つを満たす添加物が加えられた鋼製の素材を焼入れするとともに、400℃以上650℃以下で焼戻しすることで基材を形成し、上記基材の表面に、非晶質のNi−P合金からなる表面被覆層を形成し、これに加熱処理を施すことによって、前記表面被覆層をNiとNi3Pの共晶組織に変えることを特徴とする。 Carbon is 0.3 wt% to 2.7 wt%, chromium is 13 wt% or less, molybdenum is 0.5 wt% to 3 wt%, vanadium is 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, tungsten is 1 wt% to 7 wt% %. The steel material to which an additive satisfying at least one of the following is added is quenched, and a base material is formed by tempering at 400 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower, and the surface of the base material is amorphous. A surface coating layer made of a high quality Ni—P alloy is formed, and the surface coating layer is changed to a eutectic structure of Ni and Ni 3 P by subjecting it to a heat treatment.
炭素が0.3wt%以上2.7wt%以下、クロムが13wt%以下であって、モリブデンが0.5wt%以上3wt%以下、バナジウムが0.1wt%以上5wt%以下、タングステンが1wt%以上7wt%以下のうち少なくとも1つを満たす添加物が加えられた鋼製の素材を焼入れするとともに、サブゼロ処理することで基材を形成し、上記基材の表面に、非晶質のNi−P合金からなる表面被覆層を形成し、これに加熱処理を施すことによって、前記表面被覆層をNiとNi3Pの共晶組織に変えることを特徴とする。 Carbon is 0.3 wt% to 2.7 wt%, chromium is 13 wt% or less, molybdenum is 0.5 wt% to 3 wt%, vanadium is 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, tungsten is 1 wt% to 7 wt% %. A steel material to which an additive satisfying at least one of the following is added is quenched, and a substrate is formed by subzero treatment, and an amorphous Ni-P alloy is formed on the surface of the substrate. The surface coating layer is formed, and the surface coating layer is changed to a eutectic structure of Ni and Ni 3 P by heat-treating the surface coating layer.
本発明によれば、成形温度において表面被覆層にクラックが発生することを防止するとともに、金型の塑性変形を防止することで、金型の形状を高い精度で維持するとともに、その寿命を増大させることが可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to maintain the shape of the mold with high accuracy and increase its life by preventing the surface coating layer from cracking at the molding temperature and preventing the plastic deformation of the mold. It becomes possible to make it.
図1は、本発明の一実施の形態に係るガラス成形用金型の製造工程の概要を示すブロック図である。ガラス成形用金型の製造は次のような工程で行う。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an outline of a manufacturing process of a glass molding die according to an embodiment of the present invention. Manufacture of a glass mold is performed by the following process.
なお、基材として、炭素が0.3wt%以上2.7wt%以下、クロムが13wt%以下であって、モリブデンが0.5wt%以上3wt%以下、バナジウムが0.1wt%以上5wt%以下、タングステンが1wt%以上7wt%以下のうち少なくとも1つを満たす添加物が加えられた鋼製の素材を用いる。 In addition, as a base material, carbon is 0.3 wt% or more and 2.7 wt% or less, chromium is 13 wt% or less, molybdenum is 0.5 wt% or more and 3 wt% or less, vanadium is 0.1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less, A steel material to which an additive satisfying at least one of tungsten in an amount of 1 wt% to 7 wt% is used.
このような基材に粗加工を行った後(ST1)、焼入れ・高温焼戻しを行う(ST2)。次いで、めっき前加工を行った後(ST3)、無電解めっきによりNi−P合金からなる表面被覆層(めっき層)を形成する(ST4)。次いで、基材及び表面被覆層に加熱処理を行い(ST5)、表面被覆層を結晶化するとともに、基材を焼き戻し組織に変える。次いで、基材に仕上げ加工(ST6)及び表面被覆層の仕上げ加工(ST7)を行った後、表面被覆層に、離型膜をコーティングする(ST8)。 After roughing such a substrate (ST1), quenching and high-temperature tempering are performed (ST2). Next, after pre-plating processing (ST3), a surface coating layer (plating layer) made of a Ni-P alloy is formed by electroless plating (ST4). Next, heat treatment is performed on the base material and the surface coating layer (ST5) to crystallize the surface coating layer and change the base material into a tempered structure. Next, after finishing the substrate (ST6) and finishing the surface coating layer (ST7), the surface coating layer is coated with a release film (ST8).
本実施の形態における製造方法では、基材としてMo,V,Wを添加して高温硬さを向上させた鋼材を用いることで、高温焼戻しを行っても表面被覆層が割れないようにしている。これは焼入れ直後には残留オーステナイトが多く存在するが、高温焼戻しを行うと低炭素マルテンサイト及びマルテンサイトの組織に変化するためである。 In the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment, the surface coating layer is prevented from cracking even when high-temperature tempering is performed by using a steel material in which Mo, V, and W are added to improve the high-temperature hardness. . This is because a large amount of retained austenite exists immediately after quenching, but when high temperature tempering is performed, the structure changes to a low carbon martensite and martensite structure.
なお、高温焼戻しにおける温度は400〜650℃以下とする必要がある。400℃よりも低い温度では残留オーステナイトの低減にあまり効果がなく、650℃を超えると基材の軟化が著しいからである。なお、高温焼戻しではなく、サブゼロ処理を行うようにしてもよい。サブゼロ処理も残留オーステナイトをマルテンサイトに変態させる効果があるためである。 In addition, the temperature in high temperature tempering needs to be 400-650 degreeC or less. This is because at a temperature lower than 400 ° C., there is not much effect in reducing the retained austenite, and when it exceeds 650 ° C., the substrate is remarkably softened. Note that sub-zero treatment may be performed instead of high-temperature tempering. This is because the sub-zero treatment also has an effect of transforming retained austenite to martensite.
表面被覆層の形成は、Ni−P合金、例えば、Ni−P、Ni−P−B又はNi−P−Wを用いる。これらの組織は、めっき状態では非晶質もしくは部分的に非晶質であり、約270℃以上の加熱で、完全に結晶化したNiとNi3Pの混合組織に変態する。 The surface coating layer is formed using a Ni-P alloy, for example, Ni-P, Ni-P-B, or Ni-P-W. These structures are amorphous or partially amorphous in a plated state, and are transformed into a completely crystallized mixed structure of Ni and Ni 3 P by heating at about 270 ° C. or higher.
加熱処理の温度は、金型の使用温度(すなわち、ガラスの成形温度)以上にする必要がある。金型の使用温度よりも低い温度にすると、使用中に寸法変化が起こり、成形品の寸法精度が低下するからである。加熱処理温度を上げすぎるとメッキ面に影響を与えるため、加熱処理温度の上限は700℃程度とする。 The temperature of the heat treatment needs to be higher than the use temperature of the mold (that is, the glass forming temperature). This is because if the temperature is lower than the use temperature of the mold, a dimensional change occurs during use, and the dimensional accuracy of the molded product decreases. If the heat treatment temperature is raised too much, the plated surface is affected, so the upper limit of the heat treatment temperature is about 700 ° C.
次に、基材を上述した成分の鋼製の素材を用いる理由について説明する。すなわち、C含有量は、0.3wt%以上2.7wt%以下とした。C含有量が0.3wt%より低くなると、焼戻しにおける基材の体積収縮量が小さくなり過ぎてしまう。一方、C含有量が2.7wt%を超えると、基材の体積収縮量は十分ではあるが、靭性低下などの弊害が出てくる。 Next, the reason for using the steel material having the components described above as the base material will be described. That is, the C content was set to 0.3 wt% or more and 2.7 wt% or less. If the C content is lower than 0.3 wt%, the volume shrinkage of the base material during tempering becomes too small. On the other hand, when the C content exceeds 2.7 wt%, the volume shrinkage of the base material is sufficient, but adverse effects such as a decrease in toughness occur.
また、Cr含有量は、13wt%以下とした。Cr含有量が13wt%を超えると残留オーステナイトが分解しにくくなるためである。なお、Cr含有量の下限値については、特に制約はない。 Moreover, Cr content was 13 wt% or less. This is because if the Cr content exceeds 13 wt%, the retained austenite is difficult to decompose. In addition, there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the lower limit of Cr content.
添加物であるMo,V,Wについては、Moが0.5wt%以上3wt%以下、Vが0.1wt%以上5wt%以下、Wが1wt%以上7wt%以下とした。これらの添加物の量が少なすぎると基材の高温硬さが十分ではなくプレス圧力によって塑性変形する虞があるためである。なお、必要以上に多くするとコストが高くなるため上限を定めている。 Regarding the additives Mo, V, and W, Mo was 0.5 wt% to 3 wt%, V was 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, and W was 1 wt% to 7 wt%. This is because if the amount of these additives is too small, the high-temperature hardness of the substrate is not sufficient and plastic deformation may occur due to the pressing pressure. Note that the upper limit is set because the cost increases if the number is increased more than necessary.
種々の成分の基材に、無電解Ni−Pめっきを100μm被覆した金型を製作して、加熱熱処理中及び成形中に発生したクラックの数及びガラスを成形したときの基材の塑性変形の有無を調べた。表1に、基材の成分、焼戻し温度、クラック発生率、塑性変形の有無との関係を示す。供試体7は、比較例として従来の熱処理を行ったプラスチック成形用金型を用いている。また、成形温度は全て550℃とした。 Fabrication of 100 μm electroless Ni-P plating on the base material of various components, the number of cracks generated during heat treatment and molding, and the plastic deformation of the base material when glass was molded The presence or absence was examined. Table 1 shows the relationship among the components of the base material, the tempering temperature, the crack generation rate, and the presence or absence of plastic deformation. The specimen 7 uses a plastic molding die subjected to conventional heat treatment as a comparative example. Moreover, all the molding temperatures were 550 degreeC.
表1から分かるように、本発明の製造方法に基づいて製作された金型(供試体5,6)では、クラックの発生及び塑性変形が認められなかった。 As can be seen from Table 1, cracks and plastic deformation were not observed in the molds (samples 5 and 6) manufactured based on the manufacturing method of the present invention.
上述したように本実施の形態に係るガラス成形用金型の製造方法及びガラス成形用金型では、成形温度において表面被覆層にクラックが発生することを防止するとともに、金型の塑性変形を防止し、金型の形状を高い精度で維持するとともに、その寿命を増大させることが可能となる。 As described above, in the glass molding die manufacturing method and glass molding die according to the present embodiment, the surface coating layer is prevented from cracking at the molding temperature, and the plastic deformation of the die is prevented. In addition, it is possible to maintain the shape of the mold with high accuracy and to increase its life.
なお、本発明は前記実施の形態に限定されるものではない。例えば、基材及び表面被覆層の加熱処理を、基材の仕上げ加工及び表面被覆層の仕上げ加工の後に行うようにしてもよい。この他、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形実施可能であるのは勿論である。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, you may make it perform the heat processing of a base material and a surface coating layer after the finishing process of a base material, and the finishing process of a surface coating layer. Of course, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
上記基材の表面に、非晶質のNi−P合金からなる表面被覆層を形成し、
これに加熱処理を施すことによって、前記表面被覆層をNiとNi3Pの共晶組織に変えることを特徴とするガラス成形用金型の製造方法。 Carbon is 0.3 wt% to 2.7 wt%, chromium is 13 wt% or less, molybdenum is 0.5 wt% to 3 wt%, vanadium is 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, tungsten is 1 wt% to 7 wt% %. The steel material to which an additive satisfying at least one of the following is added is quenched, and the base material is formed by tempering at 400 ° C. or more and 650 ° C. or less,
Forming a surface coating layer made of an amorphous Ni-P alloy on the surface of the base material,
A method for producing a glass molding die, wherein the surface coating layer is changed to a eutectic structure of Ni and Ni 3 P by subjecting to heat treatment.
上記加熱処理は、ガラスの成形温度以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガラス成形用金型の製造方法。 The surface coating layer is formed by electroless plating including Ni and P, Ni and P and B or Ni, P and W,
The method for producing a glass molding die according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is at or above a glass molding temperature.
上記基材の表面に、非晶質のNi−P合金からなる表面被覆層を形成し、
これに加熱処理を施すことによって、前記表面被覆層をNiとNi3Pの共晶組織に変えることを特徴とするガラス成形用金型の製造方法。 Carbon is 0.3 wt% to 2.7 wt%, chromium is 13 wt% or less, molybdenum is 0.5 wt% to 3 wt%, vanadium is 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, tungsten is 1 wt% to 7 wt% %. A steel material to which an additive satisfying at least one of the following is added is quenched, and a substrate is formed by sub-zero treatment.
Forming a surface coating layer made of an amorphous Ni-P alloy on the surface of the base material,
A method for producing a glass molding die, wherein the surface coating layer is changed to a eutectic structure of Ni and Ni 3 P by subjecting to heat treatment.
上記加熱処理は、ガラスの成形温度以上であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のガラス成形用金型の製造方法。 The surface coating layer is formed by electroless plating including Ni and P, Ni and P and B or Ni, P and W,
The said heat processing is more than the glass forming temperature, The manufacturing method of the metal mold for glass forming of Claim 3 characterized by the above-mentioned.
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DE112007003026B4 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
DE112007003026T5 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
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KR20090082478A (en) | 2009-07-30 |
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