JP2008153034A - 負極基材 - Google Patents
負極基材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008153034A JP2008153034A JP2006339253A JP2006339253A JP2008153034A JP 2008153034 A JP2008153034 A JP 2008153034A JP 2006339253 A JP2006339253 A JP 2006339253A JP 2006339253 A JP2006339253 A JP 2006339253A JP 2008153034 A JP2008153034 A JP 2008153034A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- composite film
- plating process
- electrode substrate
- base material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 83
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 28
- -1 12 O 23 : Eu Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N desyl alcohol Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HHQAGBQXOWLTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1 HHQAGBQXOWLTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTJPUDCSZVCXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(CC)=CC(CC)=C3SC2=C1 BTJPUDCSZVCXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWGATWIBSKHFMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-anilinoethanol Chemical compound OCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 MWGATWIBSKHFMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CCC HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQFBYFPFKXHELB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chalcone Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DQFBYFPFKXHELB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOWAEIGWURALJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexyl phthalate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)OC2CCCCC2)C=1C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 VOWAEIGWURALJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYHBFRJRBHMIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=C1 VYHBFRJRBHMIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 235000005513 chalcones Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- DQFBYFPFKXHELB-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-chalcone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 DQFBYFPFKXHELB-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
【解決手段】有機成分と無機成分とを含有してなる複合膜形成材料により形成された複合膜を備えた支持体に金属膜を形成してなることを特徴とする負極基材、又は前記複合膜をパターン露光により所定形状にパターン化したパターン化複合膜を備えたことを特徴とする負極基材によれば、高い出力電圧と高いエネルギー密度を有し、且つ充放電サイクル特性に優れた電池を提供できる。
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明に係る負極基材10の模式図を図1に示す。図1に示される通り、本発明に係る負極基材10は、支持体11と、複合膜12と、金属膜13とから構成される。より詳しくは、複合膜12を備えた支持体10に対して、金属膜13を形成してなることを特徴とする。
本発明に係る負極基材10に用いられる支持体11は、その表面上に複合膜12を形成できるものであればよく、特に限定されない。例えば、電子部品用の基板等の従来公知のものが用いられる。具体的には、シリコンウエハ、有機系又は無機系の反射防止膜が設けられたシリコンウエハ、磁性膜が形成されたシリコンウエハ、銅、クロム、鉄、アルミニウム等の金属製の基板や、ガラス基板等が挙げられる。なお、これらの支持体は、銅、ニッケル、ステンレス、モリブデン、タングステン、チタン、及びタンタルから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含む材料、金属箔、不織布、三次元構造を有する金属集電体等の集電体を兼ねてもよいし、これらの集電体上に形成されてもよい。
本発明に係る負極基材10における複合膜12は、有機化合物や有機樹脂等の有機成分と、無機化合物や無機樹脂等の無機成分とを含有してなる複合膜形成材料により形成されるものであり、このような複合膜形成材料としては、特に限定されるものではないが、後述する複合膜形成材料により形成された複合膜であることが好ましく、さらには、パターン露光により所定形状にパターン化されたパターン化複合膜であることが好ましい。
本発明に係る負極基材10の形成に用いられる複合膜形成材料としては、有機化合物や有機樹脂等の有機成分と無機化合物や無機樹脂等の無機成分とを含有するものであれば特に限定されない。
前記(A)水溶性セルロース誘導体としては、特に限定されるものではないが、具体例としては、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、エチルヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース等が挙げられる。これらを単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を併用してもよい。このような水溶性セルロース誘導体をバインダー樹脂として含有する複合膜形成材料は、紫外線、エキシマレーザー、X線、電子線等の活性光線や放射線の透過率が高いため、優れた耐現像性を有し、高精度のパターン化複合膜を形成できる。
前記(B)光重合性単量体としては、特に限定されるものではないが、具体例としては、エチレングリコールジアクリレート、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート、トリメチロールエタントリアクリレート、トリメチロールエタントリメタクリレート、ペンタエリトリトールジアクリレート、ペンタエリトリトールジメタクリレート、ペンタエリトリトールトリアクリレート、ペンタエリトリトールトリメタクリレート、ペンタエリトリトールテトラアクリレート、ペンタエリトリトールテトラメタクリレート、ジペンタエリトリトールテトラアクリレート、ジペンタエリトリトールテトラメタクリレート、ジペンタエリトリトールペンタアクリレート、ジペンタエリトリトールペンタメタクリレート、ジペンタエリトリトールヘキサアクリレート、ジペンタエリトリトールヘキサメタクリレート、グリセロールアクリレート、グリセロールメタクリレート、カルドエポキシジアクリレート、これら例示化合物の(メタ)アクリレートをフマレートに代えたフマル酸エステル、イタコネートに代えたイタコン酸エステル、マレエートに代えたマレイン酸エステル等が挙げられる。
前記(C)光重合開始剤としては特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、ベンゾフェノン類、ベンゾイン類、ベンゾインアルキルエーテル類、アセトフェノン類、アミノアセトフェノン類、ベンジル類、ベンゾインアルキルエーテル類、ベンジルアルキルケタール類、アントラキノン類、ケタール類、チオキサントン類等が例示される。より具体的には、2,4−ビス−トリクロロメチル−6−(3−ブロモ−4−メトキシ)フェニル−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビスートリクロロメチル−6−(2−ブロモ−4−メトキシ)フェニル−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス−トリクロロメチル−6−(3−ブロモ−4−メトキシ)スチリルフェニル−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス−トリクロロメチル−6−(2−ブロモ−4−メトキシ)スチリルフェニル−s−トリアジン、2,4,6−トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキシド、1−〔4−(2−ヒドロキシエトキシ)フェニル〕−2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−1−プロパン−1−オン、2,4−ジエチルチオキサントン、2,4−ジメチルチオキサントン、2−クロロチオキサントン、1−クロロ−4−プロポキシチオキサントン、3,3−ジメチル−4−メトキシベンゾフェノン、ベンゾフェノン、1−(4−イソプロピルフェニル)−2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルプロパン−1−オン、1−(4−ドデシルフェニル)−2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルプロパン−1−オン、4−ベンゾイル−4'−メチルジメチルスルフィド、4−ジメチルアミノ安息香酸、4−ジメチルアミノ安息香酸メチル、4−ジメチルアミノ安息香酸エチル、4−ジメチルアミノ安息香酸ブチル、4−ジメチルアミノ安息香酸−2−エチルヘキシル、4−ジメチルアミノ安息香酸−2−イソアミル、2,2−ジエトキシアセトフェノン、ベンジルジメチルケタール、ベンジル−β−メトキシエチルアセタール、1−フェニル−1,2−プロパンジオン−2−(o−エトキシカルボニル)オキシム、o−ベンゾイル安息香酸メチル、ビス(4−ジメチルアミノフェニル)ケトン、4,4'−ビスジエチルアミノベンゾフェノン、ベンジル、ベンゾイン、ベンゾインメチルエーテル、ベンゾインエチルエーテル、ベンゾインイソプロピルエーテル、ベンゾイン−n−ブチルエーテル、ベンゾインイソブチルエーテル、p−ジメチルアミノアセトフェノン、p−tert−ブチルトリクロロアセトフェノン、p−tert−ブチルジクロロアセトフェノン、チオキサントン、2−メチルチオキサントン、2−イソプロピルチオキサントン、ジベンゾスベロン、α,α−ジクロロ−4−フェノキシアセトフェノン、ペンチル−4−ジメチルアミノベンゾエート、2−(o−クロロフェニル)−4,5−ジフェニルイミダゾリルニ量体等が挙げられる。これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組合せて併用してもよい。
前記有機成分には、必要に応じて(D)ヒドロキシル基を有するアクリル系樹脂を配合することができる。このようなヒドロキシル基を有するアクリル系樹脂としては、ヒドロキシル基を有するモノマーを主要な共重合性モノマーとし、さらに必要に応じて、それらと共重合可能な他のモノマーを重合して得た共重合体が挙げられる。
さらに有機成分には、前記(A)〜(D)成分に加えて、必要に応じて紫外線吸収剤、増感剤、増感助剤、重合禁止剤、可塑剤、増粘剤、有機溶媒、分散剤、消泡剤、有機あるいは無機の沈殿防止剤等の添加剤を適宜加えることができる。
複合膜形成材料は、上記支持体11上に塗布するか、又は支持体11上にスクリーン印刷する等の方法で適用される。より高精度のパターン形成が求められる場合には、複合膜形成材料を塗布、乾燥することにより形成されたドライフィルムを、支持体11上に貼り付けて転写するのが好ましい。塗布に際しては、アプリケーター、バーコーター、ワイヤーバーコーター、ロールコーター、カーテンフローコーター等が用いられる。特に、ロールコーターは膜厚の均一性に優れ、且つ厚膜が効率良く形成できるため好ましい。
本発明に係る負極基材10における金属膜13は、メッキ処理により形成されるものが好ましいが、特に限定されるものではない。メッキ処理は従来公知のものが用いられ、上述の複合膜12上に金属膜13を形成できるものであれば特に限定されない。また、金属膜13は、多段階メッキ処理により複数の層から構成されていてもよい。このような金属膜を形成する工程、即ちメッキ処理工程は、好ましくは、洗浄工程、触媒化処理工程に続いて、無電解ニッケルメッキ、又は無電解銅メッキ工程を行い、さらに無電解錫メッキ工程、又は電解錫メッキ工程を含む。
先ず、複合膜12を備えた支持体11を、リン酸系溶液中に浸漬させて洗浄を行う。リン酸系溶液としては、リン酸ナトリウムなどが用いられる。浸漬時間は、30〜180秒とすることが好ましく、45〜90秒とすることがより好ましい。
上記洗浄工程を経た支持体11を、所定濃度の塩化錫(SnCl2)水溶液中に所定時間浸漬させる。塩化錫の濃度は、0.01g/dm3〜0.10g/dm3が好ましく、0.03g/dm3〜0.07g/dm3がより好ましい。また、浸漬時間は15〜180秒とすることが好ましく、30〜60秒とすることがより好ましい。
上記触媒化工程を経た支持体11を、ニッケルメッキ浴中に浸漬させてニッケルメッキを行う。ニッケルメッキ浴としては、従来公知のものが用いられる。例えば、硫酸ニッケルを0.05M〜0.20M、次亜リン酸ナトリウムを0.10M〜0.30M、鉛イオンを0.05ppm〜0.30ppm、錯化剤を0.05M〜0.30M含有するニッケルメッキ浴が一例として挙げられる。錯化剤としては、カルボン酸類の錯化剤が好ましく用いられる。ニッケルメッキ浴の温度は、50℃〜70℃が好ましく、pHは4.0〜5.5が好ましい。pHの調整には水酸化ナトリウム、硫酸が用いられる。
上記触媒化工程を経た支持体11を、銅メッキ浴中に浸漬させて銅メッキを行う。銅メッキ浴としては、従来公知のものが用いられる。例えば、硫酸銅を0.02M〜0.10M、ホルマリンを0.10M〜0.40M、2,2’−ビピリジルを1.0ppm〜20.0ppm、界面活性剤(ポリエチレングリコールなど)を50.0ppm〜500ppm、錯化剤を0.20M〜0.40M含有する銅メッキ浴が一例として挙げられる。錯化剤としては、エチレン−アミン系の錯化剤が好ましく用いられる。銅メッキ浴の温度は、50℃〜70℃が好ましく、pHは11.5〜12.5が好ましい。また、空気通気による攪拌を行うのが好ましい。pHの調整には水酸化カリウム、硫酸が用いられる。
上記無電解ニッケルメッキ、又は無電解銅メッキ工程を経た支持体11を、錫メッキ浴中に浸漬させて錫メッキを行うことにより、複合膜12上に金属膜13が形成される。錫メッキ浴としては、従来公知のものが用いられる。例えば、塩化錫を0.02M〜0.20M、三塩化チタンなどの還元剤を0.02M〜0.08M、クエン酸3ナトリウム、エチレンジアミン四酢酸2ナトリウム(EDTA−2Na)、ニトリロ三酢酸(NTA)などの錯化剤を0.10M〜0.50M含有する錫メッキ浴が一例として挙げられる。錫メッキ浴の温度は、45℃〜70℃が好ましく、pHは6.5〜8.5が好ましい。pHの調整には炭酸ナトリウム又はアンモニアと塩酸が用いられる。なお、錫メッキ処理は、窒素雰囲気下で行われるのが好ましい。
なお、上記無電解錫メッキの代わりに、電解錫メッキを行ってもよい。このような錫メッキ工程としては、上記無電解ニッケルメッキ、又は無電解銅メッキ工程を経た支持体11を、錫メッキ浴中に浸漬、通電させて電解錫メッキを行うことにより、有機膜12上に金属膜13が形成される。電解錫メッキ浴としては、従来公知のものが用いられる。例えば、レイボルド株式会社の市販メッキ液、スタータークルモ錫メッキ浴が一例として挙げられる。錫メッキ浴の温度は、10℃〜28℃が好ましく、pHは1.0〜1.5とすることが好ましい。また、適用電流密度は0.5A/dm2〜6.0A/dm2が好ましい。
上記負極基材10は、二次電池用負極基材、特にリチウム二次電池用負極基材として好適に用いられる。リチウム二次電池は、電解液として有機溶媒及びリチウム塩を用い、負極と正極との間で行われるリチウムイオン(Li+)の移動による電荷の授受により、充放電がなされる二次電池であり、出力電圧が高く、エネルギー密度が高いという利点を有する。従来のリチウム二次電池では、通常、負極として炭素、正極として遷移金属酸化物リチウム化合物が用いられていたが、近年ではさらなる高出力、高エネルギー密度を求めて負極材料の検討が進められている。負極材料は、薄膜を形成することができ、且つリチウムを可逆的に吸蔵/放出できるものであることが必要であるところ、上記負極基材10はこれらの要求を満たすため、好適に用いられる。ここで、「吸蔵」とは、リチウムを可逆的に内包したり、リチウムと可逆的に合金、固溶体等を形成したり、リチウムと可逆的に化学結合したりすることである。
水溶性セルロース誘導体としてヒドロキシプロピルセルロース5質量部、ヒドロキシ基を有するアクリル樹脂としてスチレン/ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート=60/40(質量%)共重合体(Mw=30000)5質量部、光重合性単量体として2−ヒドロキシ−3−フェノキシプロピルアクリレート(商品名M−600A、共栄社化学株式会社製)15質量部、光重合開始剤として2,2−ジメトキシ−2−フェニルアセトフェノン(商品名IR‐651、チバガイギー社製)1.0質量部、可塑剤としてフタル酸ジシクロヘキシル12質量部、及び溶剤として酢酸エチル100質量部を攪拌機で3時間混合して有機成分液を調製した。次いで、この有機成分液(固形分50質量%)35質量部を、無機成分としてガラスフリット82.5質量部と混練することで複合膜形成材料を調製した。
11 支持体
12 複合膜
13 金属膜
Claims (14)
- 有機成分と無機成分とを含有してなる複合膜形成材料により形成された複合膜を備えた支持体に金属膜を形成してなることを特徴とする負極基材。
- 前記複合膜が、感光性を有する複合膜であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極基材。
- 前記複合膜が、パターン露光により所定形状にパターン化されたパターン化複合膜であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の負極基材。
- 前記パターン化複合膜が、アスペクト比0.1以上のパターン化複合膜であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の負極基材。
- 前記無機成分が、ガラス粉末であることを特徴とする請求項1から4いずれか1項に記載の負極基材。
- 前記有機成分が、少なくとも(A)水溶性セルロース誘導体と、(B)光重合性単量体と、(C)光重合開始剤とを含有することを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の負極基材。
- 前記有機成分が、さらに(D)ヒドロキシル基を有するアクリル系樹脂を含有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の負極基材。
- 前記金属膜が、メッキ処理により形成された金属膜であることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の負極基材。
- 前記メッキ処理が、無電解銅メッキ処理、無電解ニッケルメッキ処理、無電解錫メッキ処理、及び電解錫メッキ処理よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種のメッキ処理であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の負極基材。
- 前記メッキ処理が、無電解銅メッキ処理及び無電解ニッケルメッキ処理のうち少なくとも1種のメッキ処理と、無電解錫メッキ処理及び電解錫メッキ処理のうち少なくとも1種のメッキ処理とを含む多段階メッキ処理であることを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の負極基材。
- 前記負極基材が、二次電池用負極基材であることを特徴とする請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の負極基材。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の負極基材と、電解質溶液と、この電解質溶液を吸蔵及び放出できる正極基材とを含むことを特徴とする二次電池。
- 請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の複合膜の形成に用いられる複合膜形成材料であって、有機成分と無機成分とを含有することを特徴とする複合膜形成材料。
- 負極基材の製造方法であって、
(i)支持体上に、複合膜を形成する工程と、
(ii)前記複合膜上にメッキ処理により金属膜を形成するメッキ処理工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする負極基材の製造方法。
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JP2006339253A JP5237547B2 (ja) | 2006-12-15 | 2006-12-15 | リチウム二次電池用負極基材 |
EP07850441.2A EP2131423B1 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | Negative electrode base member |
KR1020147013887A KR101448182B1 (ko) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | 부극 기재 |
CN2011100708613A CN102163722B (zh) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | 负极基材 |
CN2011100708524A CN102163721B (zh) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | 负极基材 |
KR1020097011958A KR101458836B1 (ko) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | 부극 기재 |
CN201110070855.8A CN102169995B (zh) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | 负极基材 |
PCT/JP2007/073885 WO2008072638A1 (ja) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | 負極基材 |
EP12162200.5A EP2472655B1 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | Negative electrode base member |
US12/518,834 US8551651B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | Secondary cell having negative electrode base member |
CN2007800456686A CN101569036B (zh) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | 负极基材 |
KR1020147013889A KR101448190B1 (ko) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | 부극 기재 |
CN2011100708331A CN102169994B (zh) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-11 | 负极基材 |
TW096147516A TW200840122A (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-12 | Negative electrode base member |
US13/896,619 US9105929B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2013-05-17 | Negative electrode base member |
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US10256500B2 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2019-04-09 | Enovix Corporation | Three-dimensional batteries and methods of manufacturing the same |
US8216712B1 (en) | 2008-01-11 | 2012-07-10 | Enovix Corporation | Anodized metallic battery separator having through-pores |
US9843027B1 (en) | 2010-09-14 | 2017-12-12 | Enovix Corporation | Battery cell having package anode plate in contact with a plurality of dies |
JP2013546138A (ja) * | 2010-11-09 | 2013-12-26 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 高容量合金アノード及び同アノードを含むリチウムイオン電気化学セル |
JP7008404B2 (ja) | 2013-05-17 | 2022-01-25 | ミルテック・コーポレーション | 化学線および電子ビーム線硬化性の水をベースとする電極結合剤およびこの結合剤を組み込んだ電極 |
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